仿真模拟测试(一)
2024年7月浙江省普通高中学业水平考试——化学仿真模拟试卷01(解析版)
2024年7月浙江省普通高中学业水平合格性考试化学仿真模拟试卷01(考试时间:60分钟;满分:100分)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.考生注意:1.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。
2.答题时,请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求,在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答,在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。
3.非选择题的答案必须使用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔写在答题纸上相应区域内,作图时可先使用2B铅笔,确定后必须使用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔描黑。
4.可能用到的相对原子质量:H1C12N14O16Na23S32Ca40Fe56 Cu64Ba137第Ⅰ卷(选择题60分)一、选择题Ⅰ(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。
每个小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,不选、多选、错选均不得分)1.下列不属于硅酸盐材料的是)A.玻璃B.水泥C.陶瓷D.水晶【答案】D【解析】玻璃、水泥、陶瓷均属于传统的无机非金属材料,都属于硅酸盐;水晶的主要成分是二氧化硅,不属于硅酸盐。
故选D。
2.华为公司的5G核心专利在全球排名第一,5G通讯技术离不开光导纤维,制造光导纤维的材料是()A.铝合金B.稀土C.二氧化硅D.晶体硅【答案】C【解析】光导纤维的主要成分是二氧化硅,具有良好的导光性,故选C。
3.配制250mL1.00mol/LNaCl溶液无需用到的仪器是()A.B.C.D.【答案】B【解析】用固体配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液操作步骤有计算、称量、溶解、冷却、转移、洗涤、定容、摇匀、装瓶等操作。
A项,容量瓶是用来配制一定物质的量浓度溶液的,A不符合要求;B项,配制溶液过程中不用圆底烧瓶,故B符合要求;C项,定容时会用到胶头滴管,故C不符合要求;D项,溶解氯化钠固体时用烧杯,故D不符合要求;故选B。
4.下列气体中,既有颜色又有毒性的是A.N2B.SO2C.NO2D.NH3【答案】C【解析】A项,N2没有颜色又没有毒性,A错误;B项,SO2没有颜色有毒性,B错误;C项,NO2是红棕色气体,有颜色又有毒性,C正确;D项,NH3没有颜色有毒性,D错误;故选C。
仿真模拟卷01-2022年福建省普通高中化学学业水平合格性考试(学考)考前集训(解析版)(1)
福建省普通高中学业水平合格性考试仿真模拟卷(一)化学第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共40分)一、选择题(本题共20小题,每小题2分,共40分。
每小题只有1个选项符合题意)1.市场上销售的“84”消毒液,其商品标识上注明:①本品为无色液体,呈碱性;②使用时应加水稀释;③可对餐具、衣物进行消毒,可漂白浅色衣物。
其有效成分可能是()A.Cl2B.H2SO4C.NaClOD.KMnO4答案C解析:氯水和硫酸都为酸性溶液,不符合;KMnO4呈紫色,与题中无色不符;“84”消毒液主要成分为NaClO,溶液显碱性,且具有漂白性和强氧化性,故选C。
2.下列物质中含有共价键的是()A.Na2OB.H2OC.CaOD.MgO答案B解析:氧化钠属于离子化合物,只存在离子键,故A错误;水属于共价化合物,含有共价键,故B正确;氧化钙属于离子化合物,只存在离子键,故C错误;氧化镁属于离子化合物,只存在离子键,故D错误。
3.我国化工专家侯德榜所创立的“侯氏制碱法”誉满全球。
“侯氏制碱法”的碱广泛用于玻璃、造纸、制皂、纺织工业,该碱是指()A.NaOHB.Na2CO3C.NaHCO3D.K2CO3答案:B解析:侯氏制碱法是利用CO2、NaCl、NH3得到NaHCO3,加热后得到产品Na2CO3。
4.光纤通信是一种现代化的通信手段,制造光导纤维的主要原料是()A.CaCO3B.SiC.Na2CO3D.SiO2答案D解析:SiO2的主要用途就是制造光导纤维,所以选D。
5.下列说法中正确的是()A.1 mol O的质量是16 g/molB.NaCl的摩尔质量是58.5 g/molC.CO2的相对分子质量为44,1 mol CO2的质量为44 g/molD.将40 g NaOH溶于1 L水中,所得溶液中NaOH的物质的量浓度为1 mol/L答案B解析:O的摩尔质量为16 g/mol,1 mol O的质量是16 g,故A错误;摩尔质量以g/mol为单位,数值上等于其相对分子质量,NaCl的摩尔质量是58.5 g/mol,故B正确;1 mol CO2的质量为44 g,二氧化碳的摩尔质量为44 g/mol,故C错误;40 g NaOH物质的量为1 mol,溶于水配成1 L溶液,溶质的物质的量浓度为1 mol/L,体积1 L 应是溶液体积,不是溶剂的体积,故D错误。
新教科版六年级上册期末仿真模拟试卷(含答案)
新教科版六年级上册期末仿真模拟试卷(一)一、选择题(共10分)1.地球内部由外到内的结构是()。
A.地核→地幔→地壳B.地幔→地壳→地核C.地壳→地幔→地核2.制作模型的步骤是()。
A.观察特征b.制作模型c.解释模型d.选择材料A.a b c d B.a d b c C.b a d c3.下列机械或工具的使用,属于费力杠杆的是()。
A.羊角锤B.筷子C.起瓶器4.制作洋葱表皮细胞玻片标本时,通常用()给洋葱表皮染上颜色。
A.碘酒B.酒精C.盐水5.春分秋分两日昼夜等长,此时太阳直射点在()。
A.赤道B.北回归线C.南回归线D.以上均不对6.下列生命活动与四季变化有关的是()。
A.公鸡打鸣B.银杏树秋季落叶C.植物向光生长D.老鹰捕食7.人们以地球经线为标准,地球分为时区()。
A.12个B.24个C.360个D.180个8.测量不同大小的轮轴用力的数据后,同学们发表了关于轮轴作用的想法,这属于科学探究中()。
A.提出问题B.处理信息C.收集证据D.表达交流9.下列说法正确的是()。
A.手机与温度计相比是更好的工具B.技术和工具都是可以改进的C.所有的工具使用起来都省力、方便D.工具和技术是独立没有关联的10.下列技术发明,与信息的传播关系最紧密的是()。
A.人造卫星B.人类登月C.火星探测D.炸药二、填空题(每空1分,共26分)11.显微镜将人类带入了一个微观世界,这个观察工具是由两个______________凸透镜组合起来的,镜片的形状特点是中央______________、边缘薄。
12.我们周围的有机垃圾和污水的处理要靠______________,它们必须借助______________才能看见。
13.在显微镜下看到了“q”,实际在载玻片上的是________。
14.细胞是生物体最基本的________单位,也是生物体最基本的功能单位。
15.经检测发现电池确实没什么电了,而后他给小电动机两端接上新电池后,发现小电动机的轴成功转起来了,转久了还有点发烫,这时发生的能量转化有____________。
2024年1月福建省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟卷01(参考答案)
福建省2024年普通高中学业水平合格考试英语仿真模拟试卷01·参考答案第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分)1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C11.B 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B17.A 18.B 19.A 20.C第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分30分)21.C 22.A 23.B 24.C 25.D26.B 27.C 28.A 29.A 30.B31.E 32.F 33.G 34.D 35.B第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分30 分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)36.D 37.B 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.A 42.D 43.C 44.D 45.A 46.B 47.C 48.A 49.A 50.C第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)51.inspiration 52.to exercise 53.for 54.However 55.have been made 56.that/which 57.shorter 58.seems 59.getting 60.positively第四部分书面表达(满分20分)61.The person I admire most is Hua Tuo, a famous doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.When he was young, he traveled around to study medicine. His medical skills are comprehensive, especially good at surgery. He was the first to use general anesthesia for surgical operations and was honored as the “ancestor of surgery” by later generations.I admire Hua Tuo because he treated many people throughout his life. He was a milestone in Chinese medical field and played an important role in promoting the development of Chinese Medicine.。
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新高考仿真模拟卷数学(一)Word版含解析
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新高考仿真模拟卷数学(一)一、单选题1.已知集合{}24xA x =<,{}1B =≤,则A B =( )A .()0,2B .[)1,2C .[]1,2D .()0,12.已知复数z 满足()()()1i 12i 1z z +=+-,则复数z 的实部与虚部的和为( ) A .1B .1-C .15D .15-3.()()51223x x -+的展开式中,x 的系数为( ) A .154B .162C .176D .1804.已知1tan 5α=,则2cos 2sin sin 2ααα=-( ) A .83-B .83C .38-D .385.何尊是我国西周早期的青铜礼器,其造形浑厚,工艺精美,尊内底铸铭文中的“宅兹中国”为“中国”一词的最早文字记载.何尊的形状可以近似地看作是圆台与圆柱的组合体,高约为40cm ,上口直径约为28cm ,下端圆柱的直径约为18cm .经测量知圆柱的高约为24cm ,则估计该何尊可以装酒(不计何尊的厚度,403π1266≈,1944π6107≈)( )A .312750cmB .312800cmC .312850cmD .312900cm6.已知()f x 是定义域为R 的奇函数,满足()()2f x f x =-,则()2022f =( ) A .2B .1C .1-D .07.在四棱锥P ABCD -中,ABCD 是边长为2的正方形,AP PD ==PAD ⊥平面ABCD ,则四棱锥P ABCD -外接球的表面积为( )A .4πB .8πC .136π9D .68π38.已知抛物线C :24y x =,O 为坐标原点,A ,B 是抛物线C 上两点,记直线OA ,OB 的斜率分别为1k ,2k ,且1212k k =-,直线AB 与x 轴的交点为P ,直线OA 、OB 与抛物线C 的准线分别交于点M ,N ,则△PMN 的面积的最小值为( )A B C D二、多选题9.已知函数()()1cos 02f x x x ωωω=>的图像关于直线6x π=对称,则ω的取值可以为( ) A .2B .4C .6D .810.在菱形ABCD 中,2AB =,60DAB ∠=,点E 为线段CD 的中点,AC 和BD 交于点O ,则( ) A .0AC BD ⋅= B .2AB AD ⋅= C .14OE BA ⋅=-D .52OE AE ⋅=11.一袋中有3个红球,4个白球,这些球除颜色外,其他完全相同,现从袋中任取3个球,事件A “这3个球都是红球”,事件B “这3个球中至少有1个红球”,事件C “这3个球中至多有1个红球”,则下列判断错误的是( )A .事件A 发生的概率为15B .事件B 发生的概率为310C .事件C 发生的概率为335D .1(|)31P A B =12.对于函数()()32,f x x x cx d c d =+++∈R ,下列说法正确的是( )A .若0d =,则函数()f x 为奇函数B .函数()f x 有极值的充要条件是13c <C .若函数f (x )有两个极值点1x ,2x ,则4412281x x +>D .若2c d ==-,则过点()20,作曲线()y f x =的切线有且仅有3条三、填空题13.已知样本数据1-,1-,2,2,3,若该样本的方差为2s ,极差为t ,则2s t=______. 14.已知圆O :221x y +=与直线l :=1x -,写出一个半径为1,且与圆O 及直线都相切的圆的方程:______.15.已知椭圆()222210x y a b a b+=>>的左顶点为A ,左焦点为F ,过F 作x 轴的垂线在x轴上方交椭圆于点B ,若直线AB 的斜率为32,则该椭圆的离心率为______.16.已知f (x )是偶函数,当0x ≥时,()()2log 1f x x =+,则满足()2f x x >的实数x 的取值范围是______.四、解答题17.已知数列{}n a 是等差数列,1324,,a a a a +成等比数列,56a =. (1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)设数列11n n a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和为n S ,求证:()221n n S n +<+.18.在ABC 中,内角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,cos sin cos c B a A b C =-. (1)判断ABC 的形状; (2)若3ab ,D 在BC 边上,2BD CD =,求cos ADB ∠的值.19.如图,在直三棱柱111ABC A B C 中,D 、E 分别是AB 、1BB 的中点,12AA AC CB ==,AB =.(1)求证:1//BC 平面1A CD ;(2)若1BC =,求四棱锥1C A DBE -的体积; (3)求直线1BC 与平面1ACE 所成角的正弦值.20.新高考模式下,数学试卷不分文理卷,学生想得高分比较困难.为了调动学生学习数学的积极性,提高学生的学习成绩,张老师对自己的教学方法进行改革,经过一学期的教学实验,张老师所教的80名学生,参加一次测试,数学学科成绩都在[]50,100内,按区间分组为[)50,60,[)60,70,[)70,80,[)80,90,[]90,100,绘制成如下频率分布直方图,规定不低于80分(百分制)为优秀.(1)求这80名学生的平均成绩(同一区间的数据用该区间中点值作代表);(2)按优秀与非优秀用分层抽样方法随机抽取10名学生座谈,再在这10名学生中,选3名学生发言,记优秀学生发言的人数为随机变量X ,求X 的分布列和期望.21.已知12,F F 分别为双曲线()222210,0x ya b a b-=>>左、右焦点,(P 在双曲线上,且124PF PF ⋅=. (1)求此双曲线的方程;(2)若双曲线的虚轴端点分别为12,B B (2B 在y 轴正半轴上),点,A B 在双曲线上,且()22B A B B μμ=∈R ,11B A B B ⊥,试求直线AB 的方程.22.已知函数()()211e 12x f x a x a x ax a =---+++,()R a ∈.(1)当1a =时,求f (x )的单调区间;(2)当310,e a ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时,求证:函数f (x )有3个零点.参考答案:1.B【分析】化简集合A 和B ,即可得出A B ⋂的取值范围. 【详解】解:由题意在{}24xA x =<,{}1B =≤中,{}2A x x =<,{}12B x x =≤≤ ∴{}12A B x x ⋂=≤< 故选:B. 2.D【分析】根据复数的运算法则求出复数43i 55z -+=,则得到答案.【详解】(1i)(2i 1)(2i 1)z z +=-+-(2i)2i 1z -=-,2i 1(2i 1)(2i)43i 43i 2i 5555z --+-+====-+-, 故实部与虚部的和为431555-+=-,故选:D. 3.C【分析】根据二项式定理可求得()523x +展开式通项,由此可确定12,T T ,结合多项式乘法运算进行整理即可确定x 的系数. 【详解】()523x +展开式的通项公式为:()55155C 2323C rr r r r r rr T x x --+=⋅⋅=⋅; 当1r =时,412523C 240T x x =⨯=;当0r =时,51232T ==;x ∴的系数为24023224064176-⨯=-=.故选:C. 4.A【分析】利用二倍角公式化简为正、余弦的齐次分式,分式上下同除2cos α,代入1tan 5α=可得答案.【详解】2222cos 2cos sin sin sin 2sin 2sin cos αααααααα-=--22111tan 825123tan 2tan 255ααα--===---, 故选:A. 5.C【分析】根据圆柱和圆台的体积公式计算可得结果. 【详解】下端圆柱的体积为:224π91944π⋅=6107≈3cm ,上端圆台的体积为:()22116π1414993⨯+⨯+16π4033=⨯1612663≈⨯6752=3cm , 所以该何尊的体积估计为61076752+=128593cm . 因为12850最接近12859,所以估计该何尊可以装酒128503cm . 故选:C 6.D【分析】根据函数()f x 是定义域为R 的奇函数,且()()2f x f x =-得出函数()f x 是周期为4的周期函数,进而求解.【详解】因为函数()f x 是定义域为R 的奇函数,且()()2f x f x =-, 所以(2)()()f x f x f x +=-=-,所以(4)()f x f x +=, 即函数()f x 是周期为4的周期函数,因为函数()f x 是定义域为R 的奇函数,所以(0)0f =, 因为()()2f x f x =-,所以(2)(0)0f f ==, 又因为202245052=⨯+,所以(2022)(2)0f f ==, 故选:D . 7.C【分析】将该四棱锥的外接球放在一个长方体内,画出图形,利用已知条件找出球心,建立相应的关系式,求出外接球的半径,利用球体表面积公式计算即可. 【详解】由题意将该四棱锥放在一个长方体的中, 如图∴所示:取AD 的中点H ,连接PH ,连接,AC BD 交于1O ,由AP PD =则在等腰PAD 中有:PH AD ⊥,又平面PAD ⊥平面ABCD ,且平面PAD ⋂平面ABCD=AD , 则PH ⊥平面ABCD , 又112AH AD ==, 所以在Rt PAH △中,3PH ===,由底面为正方形ABCD ,所以它的外接圆的圆心为对角线的交点1O , 连接1O H ,则1PH O H ⊥,PAD 外接圆的圆心为2O ,且在PH 上,过点1O ,2O 分别作平面ABCD 与平面PAD 的垂线,则两垂线必交于点O ,点O 即为四棱锥P ABCD -外接球的球心, 且1OO ⊥平面ABCD ,又PH ⊥平面ABCD ,即2O H ⊥平面ABCD , 所以1OO ∥PH ,所以四边形12OO HO 为矩形. 如图∴连接2AO ,则22AO PO =,在2Rt AO H 中,22223O H PH PO PH AO AO =-=-=-,所以()2222222213AO AH HO AO =+=+-,解得253AO =,所以254333O H =-=,所以1243OO O H ==, 在图∴中连接OB ,由112O B BD =所以在1Rt OO B 中,OB ==即四棱锥P ABCD -外接球的半径为R OB ==, 所以四棱锥P ABCD -外接球的表面积为: 221364πR 4ππ9S ==⨯=⎝⎭,故选:C. 8.D【分析】设出A 、B 的坐标,由1212k k =-解得12y y 的值,再分别求出点M 、点N 的坐标,求得||MN 的式子,研究AB l 恒过x 轴上的定点可得点P 的坐标,进而用方法1基本不等式或方法2函数思想求得三角形面积的最小值.【详解】设211(,)4y A y ,222(,)4y B y ,则114k y =,224k y =, ∴12121612k k y y ==- ∴1232y y =-, ∴设OA l :14y x y =,令=1x -得:14y y =-,∴14(1,)M y --,同理:24(1,)N y -- ∴12121212||44||||4||8y y y y MN y y y y --=-+==, 设AB l :x my t =+,221044x my t y my t y x=+⎧⇒--=⎨=⎩ 20m t ∆=+>,124y y m +=,124y y t ,又∴1232y y =-,∴432t -=-,解得:8t =, ∴AB l :8x my =+恒过点(8,0),∴AB l 与x 轴交点P 的坐标为(8,0),即:(8,0)P , ∴点P 到准线=1x -的距离为8+1=9. 方法1:1211||1321||||888y y MN y y -==+≥⨯=1||y =.∴19||9||22PMN S MN MN =⨯=≥△, ∴∴PMN的面积的最小值为2. 方法2:12||||8y y MN -==∴20m ≥∴||MN ≥m =0时取得最小值.∴19||9||22PMN S MN MN =⨯=≥△, ∴∴PMN故选:D. 9.AD【分析】首先将函数()f x 化成一个三角函数,然后根据对称轴公式求得ω的表达式,对整数k 赋值求得结果.【详解】()()1cos sin 26f x x x x ωωωπ=+=+,因为函数()f x 的图象关于直线6x π=对称,所以662k ωπππ+=+π,k ∈Z ,解得26k ω=+,因为0ω>,所以当0k =时,2ω=;所以当1k =时,8ω=. 故选:AD. 10.ABD【分析】以O 为坐标原点可建立平面直角坐标系,利用平面向量数量积的坐标运算依次验证各个选项即可.【详解】四边形ABCD 为菱形,AC BD ∴⊥,则以O 为坐标原点,,OC OD 正方向为,x y 轴,可建立如图所示平面直角坐标系,2AB AD ==,60DAB ∠=,2BD ∴=,OA OC ===()0,0O ∴,()A ,()0,1B -,()0,1D ,12E ⎫⎪⎪⎝⎭,对于A ,ACBD ,0AC BD ∴⋅=,A 正确;对于B ,()3,1AB =-,()3,1AD =,312AB AD ∴⋅=-=,B 正确;对于C ,3122OE ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,()BA =-,31122OE BA ∴⋅=-+=-,C 错误; 对于D ,3122OE ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,3122AE ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,915442OE AE ∴⋅=+=,D 正确. 故选:ABD. 11.ABC【分析】根据题意求出基本事件总数、满足条件的基本事件数,利用古典概型概率公式及条件概率公式求解即可.【详解】由题意7个球中任取3个球的基本事件总数为:37C 35=这3个球都是红球的基本事件数为:33C 1=,所以事件A 发生的概率为:1()35P A =,故A 错误, 这3个球中至少有1个红球的基本事件数为:1221334343C C C C +C 1812131⋅+⋅=++=,所以事件B 发生的概率为:31()35P B =,故B 错误, 这3个球中至多有1个红球的基本事件数为:123344C C C 18422⋅+=+=,事件C 发生的概率为22()35P C =,故C 错误, 因为1()()35P AB P A ==, 所以由条件概率公式得:1()135(|)31()3135P AB P A B P B ===, 故D 正确, 故选:ABC. 12.BCD【分析】对于A :利用奇偶性的定义直接判断;对于B :利用极值的计算方法直接求解;对于C :先求出13c <,表示出244122161692781c x x c +=-+,即可求出;对于D :设切点()00,x y ,由导数的几何意义得到3200025460x x x --+=.设()322546g x x x x =--+,利用导数判断出函数()g x 有三个零点,即可求解.【详解】对于A :当0d =时,()32f x x x cx =++定义域为R .因为()()()()()3232f x x x c x x x cx f x -=-+-+-=-+-≠-, 所以函数()f x 不是奇函数.故A 错误;对于B :函数()f x 有极值⇔ ()f x 在R 上不单调.由()32f x x x cx d =+++求导得:()232f x x x c =++'.()f x 在R 上不单调⇔()f x '在R 上有正有负⇔4430c ∆=-⨯>⇔13c <.故B 正确.对于C :若函数f (x )有两个极值点1x ,2x ,必满足0∆>,即13c <.此时1x ,2x 为2320x x c ++=的两根,所以1212233x x c x x ⎧+=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩. 所以()22212121242293c x x x x x x +=+-=-.所以()()222244222212121242216162293992781cc c x x x xx x c +=+-=--=-+ 对称轴164272329c -=-=⨯,所以当13c <时,()224412216162116116292781932738181c x x c +=-+>⨯-⨯+=. 即4412281x x +>.故C 正确;对于D :若2c d ==-时,()3222f x x x x =+--.所以()2322f x x x '=+-.设切点()00,x y ,则有:()3200002000002203222y x x x y f x x x x ⎧=+--⎪-⎨=+-=⎪-⎩', 消去0y ,整理得:3200025460x x x --+=不妨设()322546g x x x x =--+,则()26104g x x x '=--.令()0g x '>,解得:2x >或13x <-;令()0g x '<,解得: 123x -<<.所以()g x 在1,3⎛⎫-∞- ⎪⎝⎭,()2,+∞上单调递增,在1,23⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭上单调递减.所以()()()()()32111119254660333327g x g =-=-----+=>极大值, ()()322225242660g x g ==⨯-⨯-⨯+=-<极小值.所以作出的图像如图所示:因为函数()g x 有三个零点,所以方程3200025460x x x --+=有三个根,所以过点()20,作曲线()y f x =的切线有且仅有3条.故D 正确. 故选:BCD. 13.710##0.7 【分析】根据极差的定义可得()314t =--=,先求出平均数,再从方差,从而可求2s t.【详解】极差()314t =--=,平均数为()()1122315-+-+++=,故方差()()()()()222222114111*********s ⎡⎤=--+--+-+-+-=⎣⎦. 所以21475410s t ==.故答案为:710. 14.()2221x y +-=(答案不唯一)【分析】根据圆的圆心和半径,结合直线和圆的位置关系及两个圆的位置关系计算即可. 【详解】设圆心C 为()00,x y ,由已知圆C 与直线l :=1x -相切, 圆C 与圆O :221x y +=相切,可得0112x ⎧--=,即得0002x y =⎧⎨=⎩或0002x y =⎧⎨=-⎩或0020x y =-⎧⎨=⎩, 且已知半径为1,所以圆的方程可以为: ()2221x y +-=或()2221x y ++=或2221x y故答案为: ()2221x y +-=(答案不唯一) 15.12##0.5【分析】由题意设(),0A a -,2,b B c a ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,再由232AB b a k c a -==-+结合222a b c =+,即可得出答案.【详解】由题意可得,(),0A a -,(),0F c -,令椭圆()222210x y a b a b +=>>中x c =-,解得:2b y a=±,所以2,b B c a ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,而2032AB b a k c a -==-+,则2232a c a c a c a a -+==-+, 解得:12e =. 故答案为:12. 16.()(),01,-∞⋃+∞【分析】利用奇偶性和函数的单调性解不等式.【详解】当0x ≥时,()()2log 1f x x +,函数在[)0,∞+上单调递增,∴()(0)0f x f ≥=,又()f x 是偶函数,所以()f x 的值域为[)0,∞+.当0x ≥时,()()2log 1f x x +,不等式()2f x x >()22log 1x x +>,即()22log 10x x+->,设()22()log 1g x x x =+-,由函数y =()2log 1y x =+,2y x=-在()0,∞+上都是增函数, 得()g x 在()0,∞+上是增函数,由(1)0g =,则()0(1)g x g >=解得1x >; 当0x <时,由函数值域可知()0f x >,此时20x<,所以()2f x x >恒成立;综上可知,满足()2f x x>的实数x 的取值范围是()(),01,-∞⋃+∞.故答案为:()(),01,-∞⋃+∞ 17.(1)1n a n =+ (2)证明见解析【分析】(1)根据等比数列定义和等差数列通项公式可构造方程组求得1,a d ,进而确定n a ; (2)利用裂项相消法可求得n S ,整理即可证得结论. 【详解】(1)设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ,1324,,a a a a +成等比数列,()23124a a a a ∴=+,即()()2111224a d a a d +=+,又5146a a d =+=,则由()()2111122446a d a a d a d ⎧+=+⎪⎨+=⎪⎩得:121a d =⎧⎨=⎩或163a d =-⎧⎨=⎩, 当16a =-,3d =时,30a =,不满足1324,,a a a a +成等比数列,舍去; 12a ∴=,1d =,()211n a n n ∴=+-=+.(2)由(1)得:()()111111212n n a a n n n n +==-++++, 1111111111233445112n S n n n n ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫∴=-+-+-+⋅⋅⋅+-+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪+++⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭()112222n n n =-=++, ()221n n S n n ∴+=<+.18.(1)直角三角形 (2)0【分析】(1)根据正弦定理的边角互化,即可得到结果;(2)由(1)中结论即可得到cos B ∠,从而得到AD 的值,然后在ABD △中结合余弦定理即可得到结果.【详解】(1)因为cos sin cos c B a A b C =-,由正弦定理可得, 2sin cos sin cos sin C B B C A +=即()2sin sin B C A +=所以()2sin sin ,0,πsin 1A A A A =∈⇒=且()0,πA ∈,所以π2A =即ABC 是直角三角形.(2)在直角ABC 中,有22223b c a b +==,即222c b =,所以c =, 又因为2BD CD =,所以23BD BC ==且cos c B a === 在ABD △中,由余弦定理可得,22222242cos 2b b AD AB BD AD B AB BD +-+-∠===⋅解得AD =, 在ABD △中由余弦定理可得,222222242cos 02b b b AD BD AB ADB AD BD +-+-∠===⋅19.(1)证明见解析 (2)23【分析】(1)连接1AC 交1A C 于点F ,连接EF ,则F 为1AC 的中点,利用中位线的性质可得出1DF //BC ,再利用线面平行的判定定理可证得结论成立;(2)过点C 在平面ABC 内作CM AB ⊥,垂足为点M ,证明出CM ⊥平面11AA B B ,计算出CM 的长以及四边形1A DBE 的面积,利用锥体的体积公式可求得四棱锥1C A DBE -的体积; (3)设1BC =,以点C 为坐标原点,CA 、CB 、1CC 所在直线分别为x 、y 、z 轴建立空间直角坐标系,利用空间向量法可求得直线1BC 与平面1A CE 所成角的正弦值. 【详解】(1)证明:连接1AC 交1A C 于点F ,连接EF ,则F 为1AC 的中点, 因为D 、F 分别为AB 、1AC 的中点,则1DF //BC ,因为DF ⊂平面1A CD ,1BC ⊄平面1A CD ,1//BC ∴平面1A CD . (2)解:因为1BC =,则122AA AC CB ===,AB == 222AC BC AB ∴+=,即AC BC ⊥,过点C 在平面ABC 内作CM AB ⊥,垂足为点M , 因为1AA ⊥平面ABC ,CM ⊂平面ABC ,1CM AA ∴⊥,又因为CM AB ⊥,1AB AA A ⋂=,AB 、1AA ⊂平面11AA B B ,CM ∴⊥平面11AA B B ,由等面积法可得AC BC CM AB ⋅==因为1AA ⊥平面ABC ,AB ⊂平面ABC ,1AA AB ∴⊥,又因为11//AA BB 且11AA BB =,故四边形11AA B B 为矩形,所以,1111111212AA D A B E AA B B A DBE S S S S ⎫=--==⎪⎪⎝⎭△△矩形四边形11112333C A DBE A DBE V S CM -∴=⋅==四边形.(3)解:不妨设1BC =,因为AC BC ⊥,1CC ⊥平面ABC ,以点C 为坐标原点,CA 、CB 、1CC 所在直线分别为x 、y 、z 轴建立如下图所示的空间直角坐标系,则()0,1,0B 、()0,0,0C 、()10,0,2C 、()12,0,2A 、()0,1,1E , 设平面1A CE 的法向量为(),,n x y z =,()12,0,2CA =,()0,1,1CE =, 则1220n CA x z n CE y z ⎧⋅=+=⎪⎨⋅=+=⎪⎩,取1x =,可得()1,1,1n =-, 因为()10,1,2BC =-,则111cos ,BC n BC n BC n⋅<>==-=⋅因此,直线1BC 与平面1A CE20.(1)73.5(2)分布列见解析;期望()910E X =【分析】(1)根据频率分布直方图估计平均数的方法直接计算即可;(2)根据频率分布直方图可确定优秀与非优秀学生对应的频率,根据分层抽样原则可确定10名学生中优秀学员的人数,由此可得X 所有可能的取值,根据超几何分布概率公式可求得X 每个取值对应的概率,由此可得分布列;由数学期望计算公式可求得期望. 【详解】(1)80名学生的平均成绩为()550.01650.03750.03850.025950.00510⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯=73.5.(2)根据频率分布直方图知:优秀学员对应的频率为()0.0250.005100.3+⨯=,则非优秀学员对应的频率为10.30.7-=,∴抽取的10名学生中,有优秀学生100.33⨯=人,非优秀学生100.77⨯=人;则X 所有可能的取值为0,1,2,3,()37310C 3570C 12024P X ====;()1237310C C 63211C 12040P X ====;()2137310C C 2172C 12040P X ====;()33310C 13C 120P X ===;X ∴的分布列为:∴数学期望()721719012324404012010E X =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=. 21.(1)22145x y -=(2)y x =+y =【分析】(1)根据平面向量数量积坐标运算和点在双曲线上,可构造方程组求得22,a b 的值,由此可得双曲线方程;(2)由2,,A B B 三点共线可设:AB y kx =+用向量垂直的坐标表示,代入韦达定理结论可解方程求得k 的值,由此可得直线AB 方程. 【详解】(1)设()1,0F c -,()()2,00F c c >,则(1PF c =--,(2PF c =-,212854PF PF c ∴⋅=-+=,解得:3c =,229a b ∴+=;又P 在双曲线上,则22851a b-=,24a ∴=,25b =, ∴双曲线的方程为:22145x y -=.(2)由(1)得:(10,B,(2B ,()22B A B B μμ=∈R ,2,,A B B ∴三点共线,直线AB斜率显然存在,可设:AB y kx =+()11,A x y ,()22,B x y ,由22145y kx x y ⎧=⎪⎨-=⎪⎩得:()2254400k x ---=,()22540Δ801040k k ⎧-≠⎪∴⎨=->⎪⎩,即252k <且254k ≠,12x x ∴+=1224054x x k =--, 11B A B B ⊥,110B A B B ∴⋅=,又(111,B A x y =,(122,B B x y =,()1112121212125B A B B x x y y x x y y y y ∴⋅=+=+++(()1212125x x kx kx k x x =++++()()()222121222401801202005454k k kx xx x k k+=++++=-++=--,解得:k =252k <且254k ≠,∴直线AB方程为:y x =y = 【点睛】关键点点睛:本题考查直线与椭圆的综合应用问题,解题关键是能够利用平面向量垂直关系的坐标表示来构造等量关系,结合韦达定理的结论得到关于所求变量的方程的形式,从而解方程求得变量的值.22.(1)函数()f x 的单调递增区间为(,0)-∞和(1,)+∞,单调递减区间为(0,1). (2)证明过程见详解【分析】(1) 因为1a =,所以函数()()212e 22x f x x x x =--++,对函数求导,利用导函数的正负来判断函数的单调性即可求解;(2)对函数进行求导,求出导函数的零点,根据条件可得:函数()f x 在(,)a -∞和(ln ,)a -+∞上单调递增,在(,ln )a a -上单调递减,然后利用零点存在性定理即可证明.【详解】(1)因为1a =,所以函数()()212e 22x f x x x x =--++,所以()e (2)e 1(1)(e 1)x x x f x x x x '=+--+=--,当1x >或0x <时,()0f x '>,此时函数()f x 单调递增; 当01x <<时,()0f x '<,此时函数()f x 单调递减; 综上:函数()f x 的单调递增区间为(,0)-∞和(1,)+∞, 单调递减区间为(0,1).(2)因为函数()()211e 12x f x a x a x ax a =---+++,所以()e (1)e ()e ()()(e 1)x x x x f x a a x a x a a x a x a x a a '=+---+=---=--,令()0f x '=可得:x a =或ln x a =-,因为310,e a ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,所以ln 3a ->,当x a <或ln x a >-时,()0f x '>,此时函数()f x 单调递增; 当ln a x a <<-时,()0f x '<,此时函数()f x 单调递减;所以函数()f x 在(,)a -∞和(ln ,)a -+∞上单调递增,在(,ln )a a -上单调递减,故当x a =时,函数取极大值()()22e 10102aaf a a a f a =-+++>=->,因为当2x =-时,221(2)(3)10ef a a a -=-+--<;所以0(2,)x a ∃∈-,使得0()0f x =; 当ln x a =-时,函数取极小值,ln 2211(ln )(ln 1)e (ln )ln 1ln ln (ln )22a f a a a a a a a a a a a a --=-----++=---1ln (1ln )02a a a =-++<,(因为ln 3a ->,所以13ln 22a <-,因为3110e 2a <<<,所以312a +<,也即11ln 02a a ++<)所以0(,ln )x a a '∃∈-,使得0()0f x '=;又当x →+∞时,()f x →+∞,所以0(ln ,)x a ''∃∈-+∞,使得0()0f x ''=;故当310,e a ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时,函数()f x 有3个零点.【点睛】函数零点的求解与判断方法:答案第17页,共17页 (1)直接求零点:令()0f x =,如果能求出解,则有几个解就有几个零点.(2)零点存在性定理:利用定理不仅要函数在区间[,]a b 上是连续不断的曲线,且()()0f a f b <,还必须结合函数的图象与性质(如单调性、奇偶性)才能确定函数有多少个零点.(3)利用导数求出函数的极值点,再利用零点存在性定理进行判断零点的个数.。
2024年全国高考仿真模拟卷一英语
2024年全国高考仿真模拟卷一英语一、阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A.B.C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)(共15题;共30分)ADuring ancient times,children didn’t have smartphones,iPad or computers to entertain themselves. Instead,they came up with interesting games to play.★Stone ballsDuring the Qing Dynasty,kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China,and it was often played in the winter to protect kids from the cold.Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet.In1999,the sport was included in the6th National Ethnic Group Traditional Sports Meeting held in Beijing.★Flying kitesKites have quite a long history.The earliest kites were made of wood,instead of paper.Nowadays, the four most famous kites are the Beijing kite,Tianjin kite,Weifang kite and Nantong kite,of which each has distinctive features.The kite which resembles a swallow is a well-known Beijing style.★Hide-and-seekHide-and-seek is a traditional game for children,popular around the nation.There are two ways to play:covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to tease(戏弄)him or,more commonly, participants hide and one child must try to find them.★Playing diabolosA diabolo is always made of wood or bamboo and has empty space in the center.By juggling(边抛边接)the diabolo on the rope,the high-speed spinning diabolos will make a sound like a whistle.Playing diabolos is an interesting folk game,especially popular in North China.Playing diabolos was also included in the first group of national intangible cultural heritage.1.Why did ancient children often play stone balls in the winter?A.To practice their feet B.To warm themselvesC.To train their skills D.To relax themselves.2.Which kites are swallow-shaped?A.Weifang kites.B.Tianjin kites.C.Beijing kites.D.Nantong kites.3.According to the passage,which one is a national intangible cultural heritage?A.Stone balls.B.Flying kites.C.Hide-and-seek.D.Playing diabolosBTechnology usually distracts us from nature.But now technology is“offering us an opportunity to listen to nonhumans in powerful ways,reviving our connection to the natural world,”wrote professor Karen Bakker in her new book,The Sounds of Life:How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants.All around the animal kingdom,there are sounds that we struggle to pick up and decipher.Elephants, for example,communicate with each other using infrasound,a sound frequency far below our human hearing range.Coral in the ocean also communicates with each other through sound waves,with one purpose being to attract baby coral to areas where it can successfully grow.This is a shocking fact as coral doesn’t have any ears!Scientists have placed listening devices in these environments to pick up sounds humans are normally unable to detect.After the sounds are recorded,AI is then able to determine their meaning,according to the news website Vox.There are now whole databases of whale songs and honeybee dances.Bakker wrote that one day this information could be turned into“a zoological version of Google Translate”.One animal language Bakker wrote about is that of the elephant.She explained how elephants“have a different signal for honeybee,which is a threat,and a different signal for human,”in an interview with Vox.“Moreover,they distinguish between threatening humans and non-threatening humans,”she said.This technology can not only understand the animals,but also communicate back to them.For example,bees use dances to communicate to their peers where to go in search of nectar.A research team in Germany,therefore,fed the bee language AI database system into a robot bee,allowing the robot to create a dance routine that can tell the bees which direction to move,Vox reported.Whereas in the past language creation had been limited to mainly apes,with there being many examples of chimpanzees(黑猩猩)having been taught sign language to communicate with humans,this new technology now allows humans to socialize with different animals throughout the animal kingdom.4.What does the underlined word“decipher”most probably mean in paragraph2? A.Understand.B.Hear.C.Produce.D.Record.5.What helps baby coral choose their home?A.Infrasound.B.Sounds within human range of hearing. C.Sounds through its ears.D.Sound waves.6.What can we infer from the passage?A.Bees used dances to warn their peers of danger.B.Human fed listening devices into coral to detect it.C.Elephants have different signals for different purposes.D.Elephants can tell whether there are threatening animals around.7.Why did researchers create the robot bee?A.To collect more bee dances.B.To convey direction to bees.C.To learn the language of bees.D.To help bees search for their friends.CWhen you are travelling in Thailand,which means of transport is the best choice?You can rent a variety of motorbikes or bikes in Thailand.It seems to be very popular in most of the beaches and islands along the places in the north.The most popular bikes are the little125cc Honda Dream which you can get for about150baht(铢)a day or as little as3,000baht per month,making it the cheapest way to tour Thailand for the people from other countries.Sometimes you will have to go somewhere by taxi.When you are in cities in Thailand,especially in Bangkok,always remember to get a taxi that is traveling on the roads.Some drivers outside hotels refuse to use the meter(计程表).They will ask a price which is several times the price when they use the meter!The quality of the roads in Thailand is generally pretty good,so renting cars is another way to get around.The big car rental companies may offer you slightly older cars at a very reasonable price.It is a little surprising considering that the cost of buying a car in Thailand is more than that in the West.Petrol is also reasonably priced in Thailand,more expensive than American prices,but much cheaper than what is paid in Europe.In the past,Bangkok could be a difficult place to drive in—signs were generally in Thai (泰语)only,making it a hard job to find exactly where you were by looking around.But now,the situation is improved.In a lot of places,even the farthest corners of the country,street signs are in both Thai and English.8.To a foreigner,the cheapest way to get around Thailand is renting a______.A.car B.taxi C.bike D.motorbike9.What is the writer's advice about taking a taxi in Thailand?A.To take a taxi going on the road.B.To take a taxi parked outside hotels.C.To make sure there is a meter in it.D.To bargain with the driver over the price. 10.Why was it difficult to drive in Bangkok in the past?A.Because there were too many traffic jams on the roads.B.Because there were no signs showing directions.C.Because the signs were written only in their own language.D.Because the quality of the roads was not good.11.In which part of magazine can this passage be found?A.Entertainment B.Tourism C.Market D.AdvertisementDWilliam I,who conquered England some930years ago,had wealth,power and an army.Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time,he had nothing like a flush toilet(抽水马桶),or riding lawn mower(除草机).How did he get by?History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me.I have storm windows, Croesus did not.Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great,but he couldn,t buy cat food.Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people,you,d think I,d be content.The trouble is that,like most people,I compare my wealth with that of living persons:neighbors,school classmates,famous TV people.The greed I feel toward my friend Howard,s new kitchen is not reduced by the fact no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.’There is really no rising or falling standard of living.Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about.You,d think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood,but no, we want a hot bath too.Of course,one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today,s standards the things I own are pretty nice.My house is smaller than the houses of many investments bankers,but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep clean.Besides,to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future,these bankers,fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby.I can,t keep up with my neighbors right now.But just wait.12.What does the underlined phrase“get by”in the first paragraph mean?A.Succeed as a king.B.Deal with complaints.C.Live in s satisfactory way.D.Get some extra money.13.How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?A.3.B.4.C.5D.614.According to the passage,the author.intends to.A.tell us to be content with lifeB.warn us to live in a simple wayC.teach us to learn lessons from lifeD.encourage us to struggle for wealth15.What,s the author,s attitude towards life?A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Uncaring.D.Cautious.二、阅读理解第二节七选五(5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)(共1题;共10分)Table manners are the ultimate way to show respect or some accidental disrespect to yourhost.___16___.In France,you are supposed to use two hands to eat—either fork and knife or fork and bread.Bread isn't meant to be an appetizer.___17___When you eat the bread,tear off a piece of it to eat instead of biting directly into the bread.When not in use,the bread belongs on the table or tablecloth instead of the plate.Finishing everything on your plate is a no-no in many Asian countries.___18___Leaving a small amount on your plate symbolizes that you've had your fill and acknowledges your host's generosity.___19___So,tipping,in their culture,is rude.Even if they don’t assume you’re being rude,they can also be very confused by the extra money,thinking you have overpaid.Whether it's a taxi driver,a server, or a bellhop,don't tip them.It's not good manners.Among the local people of China and the Inuit people of Canada,a light burp(打嗝)at the end of a meal is considered a compliment,as it indicates that you've eaten well.___20___,or never leave them upright in a bowl of rice.For this is how food is offered to the spirit of a dead person. A.Furthermore,don't lick your chopsticksB.Instead it serves to assist the food to the forkC.It suggests that your hosts didn't feed you enoughD.Many people in Japan believe that good service is standardE.In Brazil,bread and pizza are normally eaten with a fork and knife,tooF.Here are some of the very specific dining do's and don’ts from around the worldG.You may also drink directly from the soup bowl—spoons,however,are uncommon三、语言知识运用第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)(共1题;共30分)In October,2003I started my work at my local animal shelter’s Adoption Department.Over the years,more than50,000animals have___21___the doors of the shelter.Most of them,I do not remember. But occasionally there are___22___animals,who touch me so deeply that I could never possibly forget them.Tabby was one such animal.Tabby was an ancient Cocker Spaniel,probably14years old.What’s more,she was blind and deaf. Tabby’s chances at adoption seemed___23___at best.After all,we didn’t have many adopters coming in ____24____,“Can you show me all of your really old dogs who are also___25___?”We had all thought that Tabby would live out the rest of her life at the shelter.One day a woman named Loretta came to the shelter.Her son,Gary,had___26___Tabby’s picture and stories on the shelter’s website at home.They were interested in meeting her!It was the only___27___we ever received about Tabby.What could a young child possibly see in a14-year-old dog who was both blind and deaf?Most boys would want a dog who could grow with them and run through grassy fields on summer days.Tabby would___28___be able to do that.But after meeting her,Loretta and Gary decided that she was the right dog for their family.They adopted Tabby!If Tabby’s story had simply ended with her___29___adoption,it would still have been something very special indeed.____30____,it was what happened after her adoption that people might regard as “magic”.Gary suffered from seizures(癫痫).Since Gary and Tabby met they became____31____.They did everything together.They became so“in tune”with one another that Tabby began to telegraph Gary’s seizures____32____they occurred,giving his family____33____that one was about to strike.What’s more,Gary seemed to be having fewer and fewer seizures since Tabby’s____34____.How could it be?Nobody could explain how Tabby did it.But those of us who were fortunate enough to know her and her family had____35____the magic,the kind that has its roots in love. 21.A.broken B.passed C.enrolled D.conveyed 22.A.strange B.active C.striking D.special 23.A.small B.great C.desperate D.potential 24.A.wondering B.stating C.seeking D.asking 25.A.dynamic B.active C.disabled D.patient 26.A.posted B.taken C.seen D.drawn 27.A.surgery B.donation C.call D.question 28.A.literally B.possibly C.never D.generally 29.A.successful B.normal C.temporary D.astonishing 30.A.However B.Moreover C.Therefore D.Otherwise 31.A.humble B.uncomfortable C.unfortunate D.inseparable 32.A.since B.unless C.before D.if 33.A.explanation B.notice C.suggestion D.warning35.A.witnessed B.created C.achieved D.performed四、语言知识运用第二节用单词的适当形式完成短文共10小题:每小题1.5分,纷15分)共1题;共15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
2023年6月浙江省普通高校招生选考地理学科仿真模拟卷一
浙江省普通高校招生选考仿真模拟卷(一)(时间:90分钟满分:100分)一、选择题Ⅰ(本大题共20小题,每小题2分,共40分。
每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,不选、多选、错选均不得分)下图为碳排放变动理想模式图。
碳达峰是指二氧化碳排放总量在某一个时间点达到历史峰值。
据此回答1~2题:1.目前处于减速增长期的城市最有可能是()A.太原B.株洲C.北京D.温州2.为使我国碳达峰时的峰值下降,可采取的有效措施是()A.控制人口数量B.加快发展新能源C.限制交通发展D.缩减生产规模洪积扇指暂时性或季节性河流出山口后形成的一种扇状堆积地貌。
下图为某洪积扇地貌示意图。
读图,回答3~4 题:3.影响广州市热岛强度空间差异的因素有()①降水强度②产业活动③气温日较差④下垫面性质A.①②B.①③C.②③D.②④4.下列措施对减轻广州市热岛强度最有效的是()A.减少污染物排放B.道路铺设透水砖C.构建城市通风廊道D.将水域改造为绿地南极辐合带是南半球较高纬度海区冷海水与较暖海水相遇的“极地锋带”,两侧海水温度、盐度差异明显。
下图为南半球局部地区示意图。
据此回答5~6题:5.受洋流影响()A.①处夏季大雾弥漫B.②处沿岸气候暖湿C.③处渔业资源丰富D.④处海水温度较高6.南极辐合带的位置随季节发生变化,主要影响因素是()A.大气环流B.气候变化C.海陆分布D.洋流流向2020年第七次人口普查结果显示黑龙江省人口约为3 185万,比2010年第六次全国人口普查下降了16.9%。
读黑龙江省两次人口普查年龄结构比重对比表,回答7~8题:0~14岁15~64岁≥65岁2010年11.94% 79.78% 8.28%2020年10.32% 74.07% 15.61%7.在两次人口普查中,黑龙江省人口数量大幅减少,其根本原因是()A.农业经济衰退较快B.交通发达,人口外流多C.产业结构转型较慢D.气温较低,生存条件差8.根据以上数据推测黑龙江省人口变化,叙述不正确的是()A.少儿数量大幅减少B.劳动力数量略有增加C.老龄化继续加剧D.育龄人口数量下降港航服务业通常指港口和航运业务的拓展,产业环节主要由高级服务类、代理与技术服务类、运输仓储类三大类组成。
2024全国高考(新课标 I 卷)首次仿真模拟 语文试题及答案
2024全国高考(新课标 I 卷)首次仿真模拟语文试题及答案考试时间150分钟,试卷满分150分一、现代文阅读(共35分)(一)阅读下面的文字,完成1-5题。
(17分)“江南”是一个历史形成的复杂概念,不同时代、不同人群对江南的地理内涵与文化意义都有不同的理解与阐释。
从历史上看,“江南”这个词至少包括四个方面的含义:即地理江南、政区江南、经济江南与文化江南。
首先是地理的江南,唐代以前,古人对江南的看法基本上是地理意义上的。
先秦及秦人眼中的“江南”,主要指长江中游以南的地区,即楚地(今湖南、湖北)。
汉人眼中的“江南”包括的地域更有扩大,指长江以南除四川盆地之外的广大地区,实际就是字面意义的“长江之南”。
晋室南渡以后,“江南”地理概念所指的中心,逐渐由西向东,向长江中下游地区转移。
其次是政区的江南,从唐代开始,江南逐渐演变为一个行政区。
安史之乱之后,作为监察专区的“道”逐步实体化,成为州县之上的行政区。
宋代改道为路,设有江南东、西路。
元代之后,江南主要是作为经济区的江南。
明清之后,环太湖地区的东南区域成为备受国家倚重的经济区,所指就是“八府一州”之地,即当时最为富庶的苏南、浙西地区。
三国孙吴立国,特别是永嘉南渡之后,作为一个文化“区域”的江南渐次形成。
周振鹤在《释江南》中指出,江南具有地域、经济和文化三层内涵。
如果说地理、政区、经济的“江南”,其核心在物理空间、经济产业与政治运作体系,是对“何处是江南”的探求;那么想要理解“文化江南”,似乎更应当去关注人们在何种意义或期待上去看待江南,也就是“江南是什么”。
历史地理学家张伟然先生认为在唐人心目中,江南已是一个非常重要的文化区。
作为独特的文化区域,“江南”是“佳丽地”,是“好山水”,江南的山、水、特有的物产植被以及经济地位是形成其特有文化品格的重要因素,也是唐代人心目中这个文化区域所独有的特点。
美学研究者刘士林先生则认为“诗情”与“审美”是江南文化的本质特征。
中考仿真模拟考试试题(一) 笔试部分(无答案)
人教2020新中考英语笔试部分仿真模拟试题(一)本试卷共46小题,满分80分,考试时间90分钟。
第一部分语言知识及应用(共两节,满分25分)第一节(共15小题,每小题1分,计15分)完形填空:先通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
The way of shopping changes over time. From shopping with tickets to VR shopping (虚拟现实购物), great changes have taken 1 in the shopping habits of Chinese.In the 1960s, Chinese people lived a hard life. There was 2 food and clothes. People had to buy 3 things with different kinds of tickets, such as rice ticket, pork ticket and so on. It was not easy to get these tickets even if you had 4 .Since the reform(改革)and opening-up, China has developed 5 . Different ways of shopping have 6 and people’s shopping habits have changed greatly. In the 1980s, supermarkets became the most popular shopping places in China. They have made shopping much 7 than before.In the 1990s, telephones, mobile phones and TV have made it possible to 8at home. In 1992, the first TV shopping 9 started in Guangdong Province. People no longer needed to go outside to do some shopping. They could order things just with a simple 10 .Now, the 11 has made people’s lives much better and quicker. Shopping online has become the most popular shopping habit for many Chinese. With the help of it, people can even buy things from other 12 . They just need a computer or a mobile phone to buy everything they want. What’s more, now people can go outside even without a 13 .In 2016, VR shopping was open to the 14 . People can enter the virtual (虚拟的) store by 15 special glasses. They can make communications with virtual salesmen, change color and size, ask models to try on clothes and order things in just a few minutes.1. A. care B. pride C. part D. place2. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little3. A. expensive B. necessary C. traditional D. unusual4. A. maker B. market C. money D. material5. A. rapidly B. widely C. luckily D. normally6. A. appeared B. created C. spread D. known7. A. hotter B. easier C. fairer D. wiser8. A. look B. work C. stay D. shop9. A. product B. progress C. program D. project10. A. request B. way C. list D. call11. A. technology B. Internet C. knowledge D. science12. A. countries B. provinces C. cities D. villages13. A. trick B. note C. money D. wallet14. A. government B. business C. public D. private15. A. buying B. putting C. dressing D. wearing第二节(共10小题,每小题1分,计10分)综合填空:根据所给首字母、上下文或汉语提示完成空格中所缺单词,使短文完整通顺,语法正确,每个空只能填一个词。
2024届高三数学仿真模拟卷(全国卷)(理科)(考试版)
2024年高考第三次模拟考试高三数学(理科)(考试时间:120分钟试卷满分:150分)注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2.回答第Ⅰ卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.写在本试卷上无效.3.回答第Ⅱ卷时,将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效.4.测试范围:高考全部内容5.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.若集合{}24A x x =-≤≤,{}260B x x x =-≥,则A B = ()A .[]2,0-B .[]0,4C .[]2,6-D .[]4,62.已知3i 2z a =(R a ∈,i 是虚数单位),若21322z =,则=a ()A .2B .1C .12D .143.如图,已知AM 是ABC 的边BC 上的中线,若AB a=,AC b = ,则AM 等于()A .()12a b- B .()12a b-- C .()12a b+ D .()12a b-+ 4.已知函数()()πtan 0,02f x x ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+><< ⎝⎭的最小正周期为2π,直线π3x =是()f x 图象的一条对称轴,则()f x 的单调递减区间为()A .()π5π2π,2πZ 66k k k ⎛⎤-+∈ ⎥⎝⎦B .()5π2π2π,2πZ 33k k k ⎛⎤--∈ ⎥⎝⎦C .()4ππ2π,2πZ 33k k k ⎛⎤--∈ ⎥⎝⎦D .()π2π2π,2πZ 33k k k ⎛⎤-+∈ ⎥⎝⎦5.已知直线l 过点()1,1A 交圆22:4O x y +=于,C D 两点,则“CD =l 的斜率为0”的()A .必要而不充分条件B .充分必要条件C .充分而不必要条件D .即不充分也不必要条件6.甲、乙、丙、丁、戊共5名同学进行唱歌比赛,决出第一名到第五名.丙和丁去询问成绩,回答者对丙说:很遗憾,你和丁都没有得到冠军,对丁说:你当然不会是最差的从这两个回答分析,5人的名次排列方式共有()A .24种B .54种C .96种D .120种7.函数()πln sin 2x x f x x⎛⎫⋅- ⎪⎝⎭=的部分图象大致为()A .B .C.D.8.祖暅是我国南北朝时期伟大的数学家.祖暅原理用现代语言可以描述为“夹在两个平行平面之间的两个几何体,被平行于这两个平面的任意平面所截,如果截得的面积总相等,那么这两个几何体的体积相等”.例如,可以用祖暅原理推导半球的体积公式,如图,底面半径和高都为R 的圆柱与半径为R 的半球放置在同一底平面上,然后在圆柱内挖去一个半径为R ,高为R 的圆锥后得到一个新的几何体,用任何一个平行于底面的平面α去截这两个几何体时,所截得的截面面积总相等,由此可证明半球的体积和新几何体的体积相等.若用平行于半球底面的平面α去截半径为R 的半球,且球心到平面α的距离为2R ,则平面α与半球底面之间的几何体的体积是()A3R B3R C3R D3R9.已知函数()21e 3ln ,ln ,ln ,ln 222f x x a f b f c f ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,则()A .a b c <<B .b a c <<C .c<a<bD .a c b<<10.已知数列{}n a 满足1,231,nn n n n a a a a a +⎧⎪=⎨⎪+⎩当为偶数时当为奇数时,若81a =,1a 的所有可能取值构成集合M ,则M 中的元素的个数是()A .7个B .6个C .5个D .4个11.如图,已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b -=>>的左、右焦点分别为1(,0)F c -,2(,0)F c ,点A 在C 上,点B 在y 轴上,A ,2F ,B 三点共线,若直线1BF1AF的斜率为,则双曲线C 的离心率是()AB .32CD .312.已知()f x ,()g x 都是定义在R 上的函数,对任意x ,y 满足()()()()()f x y f x g y g x f y -=-,且()()210f f -=≠,则下列说法正确的是()A .()01f =B .函数()21g x +的图象关于点()1,0对称C .()()110g g +-=D .若()11f =,则()202311n f n ==∑第Ⅱ卷二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分13.已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和2n S n n =+,当9n nS a +取最小值时,n =.14.若函数()sin 1f x x x ωω=-在[]0,2π上恰有5个零点,且在ππ[,415-上单调递增,则正实数ω的取值范围为.15.已知52345012345(23)x a a x a x a x a x a x +=+++++,则123452345a a a a a -+-+=.(用数字作答)16.已知定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足()4()0f x f x '+>,且(01f =),则下列说法正确的是.①()f x 是奇函数;②(0,),()0x f x ∃∈+∞>;③41(1)e f >;④0x ∀>时,41()e xf x <三、解答题:本大题共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.第17~21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22、23题为选考题,考生根据要求作答.(一)必考题:共60分.17.(12分)已知()sin ,5sin 5sin m B A C =+ ,()5sin 6sin ,sin sin n B C C A =--垂直,其中A ,B ,C 为ABC的内角.(1)求cos A 的大小;(2)若BC =ABC 的面积的最大值.18.(12分)2016年10月“蓝瘦香菇”等网络新词突然在网络流行,某社区每月都通过问卷形式进行一次网上调查,现从社区随机抽取了60名居民进行调查.已知上网参与问卷调查次数与参与人数的频数分布如下表:参与调查问卷次数[)0,2[)2,4[)4,6[)6,8[)8,10[]10,12参与调查问卷人数814814106(1)若将参与调查问卷不少于4次的居民称为“关注流行语居民”,请你根据频数分布表,完成22⨯列联表,据此调查你是否有99%的把握认为在此社区内“关注流行语与性别有关”?男女合计关注流行语8不关注流行语合计40(2)从被调查的人中按男女比例随机抽取6人,再从选取的6人中选出3人参加政府听证会,求选出的3人为2男1女的概率.附:参考公式()()()()()22n ad bc K a b c d a c b d -=++++及附表()2P K k ≥0.1000.0500.0100.001k2.7063.8416.63510.82819.(12分)在几何体中,底面ABC 是边长为2的正三角形.⊥AE 平面ABC ,若,5,4,3AE CD BF AE CD BF ===∥∥.(1)求证:平面DEF ⊥平面AEFB ;(2)是否在线段AE 上存在一点P ,使得二面角P DF E --的大小为π3.若存在,求出AP 的长度,若不存在,请说明理由.20.(12分)已知椭圆2222:1(0)x y C a b a b+=>>的右焦点为F ,点31,2P ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭在椭圆C 上,且PF 垂直于x 轴.(1)求椭圆C 的方程;(2)直线l 斜率存在,交椭圆C 于,A B 两点,,,A B F 三点不共线,且直线AF 和直线BF 关于PF 对称.(ⅰ)证明:直线l 过定点;(ⅱ)求ABF △面积的最大值.21.(12分)已知函数()2,0eax x f x a =>.(1)当2a =时,求函数()f x 的单调区间和极值;(2)当0x >时,不等式()()2cos ln ln 4f x f x a x x ⎡⎤-≥-⎣⎦恒成立,求a 的取值范围.(二)选考题:共10分.请考生在22、23题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分.选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程22.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,曲线C 的参数方程为12cos 2sin x y αα=+⎧⎨=⎩(α为参数).以坐标原点为极点,x 轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,直线l 的极坐标方程为sin 42πρθ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭.(1)求C 的普通方程和l 的直角坐标方程;(2)设直线l 与x 轴相交于点A ,动点B 在C 上,点M 满足AM MB =,点M 的轨迹为E ,试判断曲线C与曲线E 是否有公共点.若有公共点,求出其直角坐标;若没有公共点,请说明理由.选修4-5:不等式选讲23.已知()2122f x x x x =-+-+.(1)求()2f x ≥的解集;(2)记()f x 的最小值为t ,且2(0,0)3a b t a b +=>>,求证:11254a b a b ⎛⎫⎛⎫++≥ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.。
阶段仿真模拟(一)(沐风教育)
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阶段仿真模拟(一)(第一、二章)(120分钟150分)一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)A={2,4},则a的值为1.(预测题)设全集U={1,2,3,4,5},集合A={1,a-2,5},U( )(A)3 (B)4 (C)5 (D)62.下列四个命题中的真命题为( )(A)∃x0∈R,使得sinx0-cosx0=-1.5(B)∀x∈R,总有x2-2x-3≥0(C)∀x∈R,∃y∈R,y2<x(D)∃x0∈R,∀y∈R,y·x0=y3.(2012·福州模拟)下列结论错误的是( )(A)命题“若p,则q”与命题“若q,则p”互为逆否命题(B)命题p:∀x∈[0,1],e x≥1,命题q:∃x 0∈R,+x0+1<0,则p∨q为真(C)“若am2<bm2,则a<b”的逆命题为真命题(D)若p∨q为假命题,则p、q均为假命题4.(2013·厦门模拟)如图,U是全集,M,N,S是U的子集,则图中阴影部分所示的集合是( )(A)(U(M∩N))∩S(B)(U M∩UN)∩S(C)(U N∩US)∪M(D)(U M∩US)∪N5.(2013·莆田模拟)若m>0且m≠1,n>0,则“log m n<0”是“(m-1)(n-1)<0”的( )(A)充要条件(B)充分不必要条件(C)必要不充分条件(D)既不充分也不必要条件6.函数f(x)对任意x∈R,恒有f(x+2)=-f(x),且f(1)=2,则f(11)=( )(A)-2 (B)2 (C)0 (D)17.已知a>0,设p:存在a∈R,使y=a x是R上的单调递减函数;q:存在a∈R,使函数g(x)=lg(2ax2+2x+1)的值域为R,如果“p∧q”为假,“p∨q”为真,则a的取值范围是( )(A)(,1) (B)(,+∞)(C)(0,]∪[1,+∞) (D)(0,)8.(2013·三明模拟)设奇函数f(x)在(0,+∞)上是增函数,且f(1)=0,则不等式x[f(x)-f(-x)]<0的解集为( )(A){x|-1<x<0,或x>1}(B){x|x<-1,或0<x<1}(C){x|x<-1,或x>1}(D){x|-1<x<0,或0<x<1}9.定积分e x dx的值为( )(A)-1 (B)1 (C)e2-1 (D)e210.设函数f(x)=x·sinx,若x1,x2∈[-,],且f(x1)>f(x2),则下列不等式恒成立的是( )(A)x1>x2(B)x1<x2(C)x 1+x2>0 (D)>二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分.请把正确答案填在题中横线上)11.(2012·泉州模拟)若命题“∃x 0∈R,使+(a-1)x0+1<0”是假命题,则实数a 的取值范围为_____________.12.(2012·南平模拟)函数f(x)=2x3-3x2+10的单调递减区间为___________.13.(易错题)已知p:-4<x-a<4,q:(x-2)(3-x)>0,若p是q的充分条件,则实数a 的取值范围是_____________.14.函数f(x)=(x+a)3对任意t∈R,总有f(1+t)=-f(1-t),则f(2)+f(-2)等于___________.15.(能力挑战题)已知函数f(x)=若方程f(x)=x+a有且只有两个不相等的实数根,则实数a的取值范围为____________.三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共80分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)16.(13分)设A={x|x2+4x=0},B={x|x2+2(a+1)x+a2-1=0},其中x∈R,如果A∩B=B,求实数a的取值范围.17.(13分)已知命题p:“∀x∈[1,2],x2-a≥0”,命题q:“∃x 0∈R,+2ax0+2-a=0”,若命题“p且q”是真命题,求实数a的取值范围.18.(13分)(易错题)两个二次函数f(x)=x2+bx+c与g(x)=-x2+2x+d的图象有唯一的公共点P(1,-2).(1)求b,c,d的值;(2)设F(x)=(f(x)+m)·g′(x),若F(x)在R上是单调函数,求m的取值范围,并指出F(x)是单调递增函数,还是单调递减函数.19.(13分)某市旅游部门开发一种旅游纪念品,每件产品的成本是15元,销售价是20元,月平均销售a件.通过改进工艺,产品的成本不变,质量和技术含金量提高,市场分析的结果表明,如果产品的销售价提高的百分率为x(0<x<1),那么月平均销售量减少的百分率为x2.记改进工艺后,旅游部门销售该纪念品的月平均利润是y(元).(1)写出y与x的函数关系式;(2)改进工艺后,确定该纪念品的售价,使旅游部门销售该纪念品的月平均利润最大.20.(14分)(2012·宁德模拟)定义在R上的单调函数f(x)满足f(3)=log23且对任意x,y∈R都有f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y).(1)求证:f(x)为奇函数;(2)若f(k·3x)+f(3x-9x-2)<0对任意x∈R恒成立,求实数k的取值范围.21.(14分)(2012·福建高考)已知函数f(x)=e x+ax2-ex,a∈R.(1)若曲线y=f(x)在点(1,f(1))处的切线平行于x轴,求函数f(x)的单调区间;(2)试确定a的取值范围,使得曲线y=f(x)上存在唯一的点P,曲线在该点处的切线与曲线只有一个公共点P.答案解析1.【解析】选C.∵A={2,4},∴A={1,3,5},U∴a-2=3,∴a=5.2.【解析】选D.当x0=1时,对∀y∈R,y·x0=y恒成立,故选D.3.【解析】选C.选项C的逆命题“若a<b,则am2<bm2”,当m=0时不成立,故选C.4.【解析】选B.根据韦恩图的意义,选B.5.【解析】选A.由log m n<0知m,n中一个大于1,另一个大于0而小于1,即(m-1)(n-1)<0.反之(m-1)(n-1)<0可得log m n<0.6.【解析】选A.∵f(x+2)=-f(x),∴f(x+4)=-f(x+2)=f(x),即周期为4,∴f(11)=f(3)=f(1+2)=-f(1)=-2.7.【解析】选A.由题意知p:0<a<1,q:0<a≤,因为“p∧q”为假,“p∨q”为真,所以p、q一真一假.当p真q假时,得<a<1,当p假q真时,a的值不存在,综上知<a<1.8.【解析】选D.∵f(x)是奇函数,∴f(-x)=-f(x).∴f(x)-f(-x)=2f(x).又f(x)在(0,+∞)上是增函数,且f(1)=0.∴x[f(x)-f(-x)]<0的解集为{x|-1<x<0,或0<x<1}.故选D.9.【解析】选B.e x dx=e x=e ln2-e0=2-1=1.10.【解析】选D.显然f(x)为偶函数,当x∈(0,]时,f′(x)=sinx+xcosx>0,∴f(x)在(0,]上单调递增.又f(x 1)>f(x2)⇔f(|x1|)>f(|x2|)⇔|x1|>|x2|⇔>.11.【解析】由题意可知对∀x∈R都有x2+(a-1)x+1≥0成立,∴Δ=(a-1)2-4≤0,解得-1≤a≤3.答案:[-1,3]12.【解析】f′(x)=6x2-6x,由f′(x)<0得0<x<1,∴f(x)的单调减区间为(0,1).答案:(0,1)13.【解析】p:-4<x-a<4⇔a-4<x<a+4,q:(x-2)(3-x)>0⇔2<x<3,又p是q的充分条件,即p⇒q,等价于q⇒p,所以,解得-1≤a≤6.答案:[-1,6]【误区警示】解答本题时易弄错p、q的关系,导致答案错误,求解时,也可先求出p、q,再根据其关系求a的取值范围.14.【解析】令t=1,则f(2)=-f(0).∴(2+a)3=-a3,∴a=-1,∴f(2)+f(-2)=(2-1)3+(-2-1)3=-26.答案:-2615.【解析】作出函数f(x)的图象如图,由图象可知当直线为y=x+1时,直线与函数f(x)只有一个交点,要使直线与函数有两个交点,则需要把直线y=x+1向下平移,此时直线和函数f(x)恒有两个交点,所以a<1.答案:(-∞,1)16.【解析】A={0,-4},又A∩B=B,所以B⊆A.(1)B=∅时,Δ=4(a+1)2-4(a2-1)<0,得a<-1;(2)B={0}或B={-4}时,把x=0代入x2+2(a+1)x+a2-1=0中得a=±1,把x=-4代入x2+2(a+1)x+a2-1=0,得a=1或7,又因为Δ=0,得a=-1;(3)B={0,-4}时,Δ=a+1>0,,解得a=1.综上所述实数a=1或a≤-1.17.【解析】由“p且q”是真命题,则p为真命题,q也为真命题.若p为真命题,a≤x2恒成立,∵x∈[1,2],∴a≤1.若q为真命题,即x2+2ax+2-a=0有实根,Δ=4a2-4(2-a)≥0,即a≥1或a≤-2,综上,实数a的取值范围为a≤-2或a=1.18.【解题指南】(1)把点P的坐标代入两函数解析式,结合x2+bx+c=-x2+2x+d有唯一解,可求得b,c,d,(2)若F(x)在R上是单调函数,则F′(x)在R上恒有F′(x)≥0或F′(x)≤0. 【解析】(1)由已知得,化简得,且x2+bx+c=-x2+2x+d,即2x2+(b-2)x+c-d=0有唯一解,所以Δ=(b-2)2-8(c-d)=0,即b2-4b-8c-20=0,消去c得b2+4b+4=0,解得b=-2,c=-1,d=-3.(2)由(1)知f(x)=x2-2x-1,g(x)=-x2+2x-3,故g′(x)=-2x+2,F(x)=(f(x)+m)·g′(x)=(x2-2x-1+m)·(-2x+2)=-2x3+6x2-(2+2m)x+2m-2,F′(x)=-6x2+12x-2-2m.若F(x)在R上为单调函数,则F′(x)在R上恒有F′(x)≤0或F′(x)≥0成立. 因为F′(x)的图象是开口向下的抛物线,所以F′(x)≤0在R上恒成立,所以Δ=122+24(-2-2m)≤0,解得m≥2,即m≥2时,F(x)在R上为单调递减函数.19.【解析】(1)改进工艺后,每件产品的销售价为20(1+x)元,月平均销售量为a(1-x2)件,则月平均利润y=a(1-x2)·[20(1+x)-15](元),∴y与x的函数关系式为y=5a(1+4x-x2-4x3)(0<x<1).(2)y′=5a(4-2x-12x2),令y′=0得x1=,x2=-(舍),当0<x<时y′>0;<x<1时y′<0,∴函数y=5a(1+4x-x2-4x3)(0<x<1)在x=处取得最大值.故改进工艺后,产品的销售价为20(1+)=30元时,旅游部门销售该纪念品的月平均利润最大.【变式备选】某地建一座桥,两端的桥墩已建好,这两个桥墩相距m米,余下的工程只需要建两端桥墩之间的桥面和桥墩,经预测,一个桥墩的工程费用为256万元,距离为x米的相邻两墩之间的桥面工程费用为(2+)x万元.假设桥墩等距离分布,所有桥墩都视为点,且不考虑其他因素,记余下工程的费用为y万元.(1)试写出y关于x的函数关系式;(2)当m=640米时,需新建多少个桥墩才能使y最小?【解析】(1)设需要新建n个桥墩,(n+1)x=m,即n=-1,所以y=f(x)=256n+(n+1)(2+)x=256(-1)+(2+)x=+m+2m-256.(2)由(1)知,f′(x)=-+m=(-512).令f′(x)=0,得=512,所以x=64,当0<x<64时,f′(x)<0,f(x)在区间(0,64)上为减函数;当64<x<640时,f′(x)>0,f(x)在区间(64,640)上为增函数,所以f(x)在x=64处取得最小值,此时,n=-1=-1=9,故需新建9个桥墩才能使y最小.20.【解析】(1)f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)(x,y∈R), ①令x=y=0,代入①式,得f(0+0)=f(0)+f(0),即f(0)=0.令y=-x,代入①式,得f(x-x)=f(x)+f(-x),又f(0)=0,则有0=f(x)+f(-x).即f(-x)=-f(x)对任意x∈R成立,所以f(x)是奇函数.(2)f(3)=log23>0,即f(3)>f(0),又f(x)在R上是单调函数,所以f(x)在R上是增函数,又由(1)知f(x)是奇函数.所以有f(k·3x)<-f(3x-9x-2)=f(-3x+9x+2), 即k·3x<-3x+9x+2,32x-(1+k)·3x+2>0对任意x∈R成立.令t=3x>0,问题等价于t2-(1+k)t+2>0对任意t>0恒成立.令g(t)=t2-(1+k)t+2,其对称轴t=.当<0即k<-1时,g(0)=2>0,符合题意;当=0即k=-1时,g(t)=t2+2,对任意t>0,g(t)>0恒成立;当>0时,对任意t>0,g(t)>0恒成立⇔,解得-1<k<-1+2,综上所述当k<-1+2时,f(k·3x)+f(3x-9x-2)<0对任意x∈R恒成立.21.【解析】(1)由于f′(x)=e x+2ax-e,曲线y=f(x)在点(1,f(1))处切线斜率k=2a=0,所以a=0,即f(x)=e x-ex.此时f′(x)=e x-e,由f′(x)=0得x=1.当x∈(-∞,1)时,有f′(x)<0;当x∈(1,+∞)时,f′(x)>0.所以f(x)的单调递减区间为(-∞,1),单调递增区间为(1,+∞).(2)设点P(x0,f(x0)),曲线y=f(x)在点P处的切线方程为y=f′(x0)(x-x0)+f(x0), 令g(x)=f(x)-f′(x0)(x-x0)-f(x0),故曲线y=f(x)在点P处的切线与曲线只有一个公共点P等价于函数g(x)有唯一零点.因为g(x 0)=0,且g′(x)=f′(x)-f′(x0)=e x-+2a(x-x0).①若a≥0,当x>x0时,g′(x)>0,则x>x0时,g(x)>g(x0)=0;当x<x0时,g′(x)<0,则x<x0时,g(x)>g(x0)=0,故g(x)只有唯一零点x=x0.由P的任意性,a≥0不合题意.②若a<0,令h(x)=e x-+2a(x-x 0),则h(x0)=0,h′(x)=e x+2a.令h′(x)=0,得x=ln(-2a),记x*=ln(-2a),则当x∈(-∞,x*)时,h′(x)<0,从而h(x)在(-∞,x*)内单调递减;当x∈(x*,+∞)时,h′(x)>0,从而h(x)在(x*,+∞)内单调递增.若x0=x*,由x∈(-∞,x*)时,g′(x)=h(x)>h(x*)=0;x∈(x*,+∞)时,g′(x)=h(x)>h(x*)=0,知g(x)在R上单调递增.所以函数g(x)在R上有且只有一个零点x=x*.若x0>x*,由于h(x)在(x*,+∞)内单调递增,且h(x0)=0,则当x∈(x*,x0)时有g′(x)=h(x)<h(x0)=0,g(x)>g(x0)=0;任取x1∈(x*,x0)有g(x1)>0.又当x∈(-∞,x 1)时,易知g(x)=e x+ax2-(e+f′(x0))x-f(x0)+x0f′(x0)<+ax2- (e+f′(x0))x-f(x0)+x0f′(x0)=ax2+bx+c,其中b=-(e+f′(x 0)),c=-f(x0)+x0f′(x0),由于a<0,则必存在x 2<x1,使得a+bx2+c<0,所以g(x2)<0,故g(x)在(x2,x1)内存在零点,即g(x)在R上至少有两个零点.若x0<x*,同理可证函数g(x)在R上至少有两个零点.综上所述,当a<0时,曲线y=f(x)上存在唯一点P(ln(-2a),f(ln(-2a))),曲线在该点处的切线与曲线只有一公共点P.关闭Word文档返回原板块。
2024年全国普通高中九省联考仿真模拟数学试题(一)
2024年高考仿真模拟数试题(一) 试卷+答案(题型同九省联考,共19个题)注意事项:].答卷前,考生务必将自己的考生号、姓名、考点学校、考场号及座位号填写在答题卡上.2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需要改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效. 3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.若一组数据1,1,,4,5,5,6,7a 的75百分位数是6,则=a ( )3.设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,若789101120a a a a a ++++=,则17S =( ) A .150B .120C .75D .68A .672B .864C .936D .1056说法正确的是( )( )二、选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分.10.已知复数1z ,2z ,则下列命题成立的有( )11.已知函数()f x 满足:①对任意,x y ∈R ,()()()()()2f x y f x f y f x f y +++=⋅+;②若x y ≠,则A .()0f 的值为2B .()()4f x f x +−≥C .若()13f =,则()39f =D .若()410f =,则()24f −=三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.2024年高考仿真模拟数试题(一)带答案(题型同九省联考,共19个题)注意事项:].答卷前,考生务必将自己的考生号、姓名、考点学校、考场号及座位号填写在答题卡上.2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需要改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效. 3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.若一组数据1,1,,4,5,5,6,7a 的75百分位数是6,则=a ( ) A .4 B .5C .6D .7A .150B .120C .75D .68此时α与β可能平行或相交,故C 错误;对D 选项:若//l β,则必存在直线p β⊂,使//l p , 又l α⊥,则p α⊥,又p β⊂,则αβ⊥,故D 正确.故选D.5.有7个人站成两排,前排3人,后排4人,其中甲乙两人必须挨着,甲丙必须分开站,则一共有( )种站排方式. A .672 B .864 C .936 D .1056A .P 的轨迹为圆B .P 到原点最短距离为1C .P 点轨迹是一个菱形D .点P 的轨迹所围成的图形面积为4二、选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分.A .()0f 的值为2B .()()4f x f x +−≥C .若()13f =,则()39f =D .若()410f =,则()24f −=答案 ABC解析 对于A ,令0x y ==,得()()23002f f =+ ,解得()01f =或()02f =,若()01f =,令0y =,得()()212f x f x +=+,即()1f x ≡,三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)不妨设23(5)ka a ab k ====≥ , 令1(2,3,,1)i t j k t t k ==+−=−, ,可得1()k A b +∈,因此1k a b +=. ……………14分 令1,i j k ==,则1k a a +=或1k a b +=.故1k a b +=. 所以12(1)n a a a n b a +++=−+ .……………16分综上,a b =时,12n a a a na +++=. 3a a b =≠时,12(1)n a a a n a b +++=−+ .3a b a =≠时,12(1)n a a a n b a +++=−+ . ……………17分。
2023普通高等学校招生全国统一考试仿真模拟(一)英语试卷(含答案解析)
2023届普通高等学校招生全国统一考试仿真模拟卷英语(一)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
ANot many people are comfortable going deep underground.But humans have been going under-ground for as long as we've been humans.All over the world you'll find all manner of magnificent underground phenomena.Here are our favourite.1.Salt Cathedral of Zipaquira,ColombiaEngineers,miners and sculptors managed to carve a cathedral beneath200meres.Even more amazing is just how spectacular the Salt Cathedralof Zipaquira in Colombia is.The light falls through it,filling the rooms and tunnels with almost neon-like blues and purples.Catch it on a Sunday,and you'll discover it's still a fully-functioning Roman Catholic church.2.Salina Turda,RomaniaBuilt deep below the Earth's surface in a salt mine,Salina Turda features attractions like a panoramic wheel,mini-golf,bowling,table tennis and even boating on a mine lake.What the park lacks in traditional high-thrills roller coasters,it makes up for in stunning scenery.3.Under,NorwayThough not so much underground as underwater,Under in Kristiansand,Norway,this classy restaurant is five and a half metres below the surface.Diners enjoy themselves as icy North Sea cur-rents move across the windows.You neverquite know what might emerge out of the deep.4.Thrihnukagigur,IcelandIf you don't want to climb up to a volcano crater or view it from far away,you can take a lift 700feet down into the volcano.Thrihnukagigur is safe,having not erupted in4,000years,but even so,it takes a certain kind of thrill-seeker to actively want to get up close and personal with a volcano.1.Which of the following serves as a church?A.Under in Norway.B.Salina Turda in Romania.C.Thrihnukagigur in Iceland.D.Salt Cathedral of Zipaquira in Colombia.2.What can visitors do at Under in Norway?A.Ride on a roller coaster or play mini-golf.B.Have dinner in an underwater restaurant.C.See the light fill every room in the church.D.Take a lift and go down into the volcano.3.What makes Thrihnukagigur a safe place to visit?A.It's only open to church people on Sunday.B.It features safe recreational equipment.C.The lift can take visitors in and out fast.D.It's been inactive for thousands of years.BMy sixteen-year-old daughter Julia called twenty minutes after she left,saying she had an accident.I grabbed my shoes and was in the car in less than a minute.When I finally saw her,I hugged her tight.Then I looked at the other driver.Learning that he fell asleep behind the wheel at about seventy miles an hour when the speed limit was forty-five,I could have choked him.“It could have been worse,”I reminded myself as she cried all the way to the doctor's office. Luckily,four days after the accident,Julia felt better.At her appointment,her doctor cleared her to resume normal activities,including driving.But I could tell by her look that she had no intention of getting behind the wheel.Later that day,I sat with Julia as she spoke on the phone with our insurance agent.On the phone,she was professional,telling the agent what had happened in a clear,concise way.I realized she sounded like an adult.And adults drive cars.I realized that no matter how I felt about it, allowing Julia to give in to her fear wasn't good for her.When she hung up,I hugged her.“You're stronger than you think,"I said."And tomorrow you're going to drive my car and meet your friends for lunch.You just have to push through the fear and do it,and it will get easier each time you do.”I ignored the fear in her eyes and the way my heart sped up when I thought about Julia behind the wheel again.The next day,Julia drove my car to meet her friends.As I watched her leave,I felt nervous and proud.She texted me when she got to the restaurant,and I felt my heart rate return to normal.The tears I'd been holding back all week flooded my eyes.Watching her leave the house without me for the first time since the accident was frightening,but it was also necessary.4.What was the author's reaction at the driver's words?A.She almost burst with anger.B.She felt guilty for her daughter.C.She felt sympathy for him.D.She was choked with sorrow.5.What did the doctor suggest to Julia?A.Staying away from driving.B.Attending a driving lesson.C.Contacting the insurance agent.D.Retaking her routine activities.6.What did the author realize when Julia spoke on the phone?A.The driver took the blame for the accident.B.The accident had been worse than expected.C.Julia should overcome the fear to drive.D.Julia was smart to deal with any trouble.7.Why did the author cry at Julia's text?A.Julia was good at learning to drive.B.Julia recovered mentally and physically.C.Julia had supportive friends and parents.D.Julia could look after herself when driving.CAs summer comes,the promise of"working from anywhere"comes down to the discomfort of the sweaty kitchen table,a noisy cafe or the office hot desk.Now hotels are offering"third spaces", promoting the concept of work in an elegant setting.Your columnist Bartleby tried out two recent London offerings.She first headed to Birch,a hotel north of the city.Men and women in their20s and early30s work over laptops and glasses of red wine at its Hub co-working area,with classes in pottery, baking,and other structured activities.Some pay a monthly membership fee and enjoy special discounts to stay there and work digitally remotely,but you can,like Bartleby,come as an overnightguest.Her second destination was the Shangri-La hotel in the Shard,which now offers stays from 10am to6pm,aimed at those wishing to work and relax by offering a change of scenery to inspire.Both Birch and the Shangri-La have their virtues,like Birch's excellent Wi-Fi and the stretch class.So does the Shangri-La,with its pool and a view of St Paul's Cathedral from your room on the38th floor.Yet problems soon became apparent.The first is price.An overnight stay at Birch or the Shangri-La sets you back,while the city has plenty of cheaper“third spaces”.The second problem is:how productive workers can be with all the distractions designed to make work not feel like work?Third,if you can get down to business,you may as well be at home or the office.The friendly atmosphere Birch tries so hard to produce is the very thing you miss by staying away from your office.As with most material indulgences(放纵),a sense of emptiness comes once the freshness of the hotel wears off.Just don't expect white-collar types to crowd in hotels for a hard day's work.Most of the Shangri-La's daytime residents aren't executives keen t inspire.As for Bartleby,you will find her at The Economist's London head office or,failing that,her kitchen table.8.What's the purpose of working"third spaces"?A.To free people of traveling to work.B.To promote workplace creativity.C.To place workers in good work settings.D.To help people deal with the lockdown.9.What's the advantage of Birch according to Bartleby?A.It holds regular work-related classes.B.It provides discounts for companies.C.It has inspiring scenery for visitors.D.It offers day work and night stays.10.What does the Shangri-La offer to office workers?A.Stays there in the working hours.B.Stays overnight for office work.C.The friendly office atmosphere.D.Work-related training courses.11.How does the author like the idea of working from hotels?A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.Sympathetic.D.Uncertain.DCar tyres produce particles(微粒)when picking up speed or stopping,which are considered by environmental scientists to be one of the most significant sources of micro-plastics in the ocean.Rain-fall and wind carry them into rivers and the sea.They are also released into the atmosphere,where they can circulate into the ocean and back again.A2020study suggested windblown micro-plastics are a bigger source of ocean pollution than rivers.While it is difficult to pin down the exact composition of micro-plastics,there is plenty of re-search which points to tyre dust making up a significant portion.In2017,a global model found tyre wear to be the second largest source of primary micro-plastics in the ocean,at28%.And in 2019,a report by scientists across Europe concluded abrasion(磨损)from car tyres was a large source of micro-plastics.While there remains a lack of data on risks to the environment and human health,the scientists concluded that if future emissions remain constant or increase,the ecological risks could be widespread within a century.Tyre-wear particles are ubiquitous.The average tyre loses4kg over its lifetime,and tyre particles have been found everywhere from the deep sea to the atmosphere,even in the Arctic and the Antarctic.The study of micro plastic is just beginning.Fewer than 100scientific papers about them have been published to date,all of them in the last decade.Edward Kolodziej,a professor at the University of Washington,cites two studies from China showing that tyre dust is an important contributor to urban air pollution.“There're unknown chemicals present in these things that are ending up in our lungs.”Experts call for more transparency from the tyre companies.“But the formula is what gives a manufacturer competitive advantage.Sharing ingredients is difficult and complicated.Very few people,except manufacturers,know what's in the tyres,”said Allen.“When it comes to micro-plastic,we don't know what a safe level is and we may have already passed it."12.What did the global model find about car tyres?A.They cause more pollution to the sea than to rivers.B.Their exact composition can be tracked down.C.Tyre particles are one of the largest sea pollutants.D.They have caused great risk to human survival.13.What does the underlined word "ubiquitous"in paragraph 3mean?A.Widespread.B.Dangerous.plex.D.Unique.14.What can we infer from Edward's words?A.The two studies from China are leading the fashion.B.The unknown chemicals in the air are dangerous.C.Tyre particles are a major pollutant in the air in cities.D.Further research should be done about tyre particles.15.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.Tyres Are to Blame as a Pollutant in the OceanB.Tyre Companies Should Act Against Micro-plasticC.Tyre Dust Becomes a Huge Threat to Ocean LifeD.Safety Levels of Micro-plastic Have Been Raised根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
四川省金堂实验中学高二信息技术学业水平合格考试仿真模拟试题(一)
普通高中学业水平考试合格考仿真模拟(一)信息技术(时间:60分钟满分:100 分)一.选择题(每小题2分,15小题,共30分)1.下列选项中不属于数据的是()A.进入商场时室温计检测到的温度显示B.到重庆旅行时里打卡的网红场景照片C.高考考场里电子时钟上显示的时间D.晓明写日记的笔记本2.专业篮球队会通过搜集大量数据来分析赛事情况,Krossover公司致力于此。
在每场比赛过后,教练要上传比赛视额。
按下来,来自Krossover团队的大学生将会对其分解。
等到第二天教练再看昨晚的比赛.他只需检查任何他想要的数据统计、比赛中的个人表现、比賽反应等。
通过分析比赛视频,毫不夸张地分析所有的可量化的数据。
这主要体现了信息的()A.时效性B.可处理性C.载体依附性D.传递性3.某Wave格式的音频文件,其采样频率为44.1kHz.量化位数为16bit,2个声道,其1秒的数据量为()A.176. 4BB.1. 38KBC.172. 3KBD.1. 35MB4.已知x=“HELLO"和y=“WORLD" .则x+y=()A. WORLDB. HELLOC. HELLOWORLDD. HD5.求S=3+6+9+... +300的值,可以采用如下程序代码,下列说法不正确的是()s=0.for i in range (3,301,3):s=s+iprint(s)A.语句s=s+i共循环执行了100次B.语句s=0应改为s=iC.程序使用了循环结构D. for循环语句中步长为36.下列选项中属于大数据的是()①气象卫星采集的数据②微信使用中产生的数据③地感线圈记录的车辆通行数据④校门口保安手持测温仪测量入校师生的体温数据⑤学生网上高考报名数据A.①②③B.①②③④C.①②③⑤D.①②③①⑤7.下列赋值语句中,变量名正确的是()A.a= 1B. A!5=2C. while=3D.5ac= 48.防火墙是保证电脑安全的重要措施之一。
仿真模拟测试
大胜利。Βιβλιοθήκη (4)钻之弥坚,越坚,钻得越qiè ér bù
shě( 锲而不舍 )。
3.下面语境中,用语不得体的一项是( D )(3分) 展刚是一个孝子,今天特地为八十大寿的父亲举 办了一场寿宴,场面非常热闹。他对参加父亲寿 宴的亲朋好友说:“非常感谢大家能抽空参加令 尊的生日宴会!” A.孝子 B.大寿 C.感谢 D.令尊
传统阅读需要耐心,而数字阅读堪称“耐心杀 手”。以微博为例,浏览一个微博页面只要几分钟, 眼睛在每条微博上停留的时间只有几秒。不断地扫 视、浏览、搜寻感兴趣的关键词,点击阅读——这 个过程因为信息的丰富性、多样性而足够刺激,但 显然不足以锻炼耐心。一本优秀的图书通常是有内 在的逻辑框架的,只有进入这一逻辑框架,才能说 是阅读。而网络内容,特别是微博这样的社交媒体 每一条都互不关联,跳跃性的阅读当然谈不上深入 和逻辑了。
2. 结合语境,根据拼音写出相应的词语。(4分)
(1)在李公朴同志被害之后,警报dié qǐ(
),
形势紧迭张起。 (2)他说不新鲜,一定也有他的道理,不加以查看
就mǒ shā( 抹杀 )是不对的。 (3)这是千千万万人努力的结果,是许许多多kě
gē kě qì( 可歌可泣 )的英雄人物创造出来的伟
13. 数字时代,我们的大脑是如何被改变的?下 列分析不正确的一项是( D )(3分) A. 对网络科技的深度依赖,已经影响了人们的思 维方式,并且改变了人类的大脑结构。 B. 不断扫视、浏览、搜寻、点击阅读,以致关注 丰富多样的信息而不能深入阅读。 C. 长时间地使用拇指操控智能手机和上网,致使 大脑形成神经通路的方式发生了改变。 D. 某些人或某些东西通过摆弄、重塑中枢神经系 统,重置记忆,促使人们的大脑变化。
01-2024普通高中学业水平考试仿真模拟检测一)(原卷版 )
2024年普通高中学业水平考试仿真模拟检测一(时间:90分钟满分:100分)一、语言文字应用(18分,选择题 12分,每小题3分;第5题6分)1.下列词语中加点字的注音,不正确的一项是 ( )A.吝.惜(lìn) 磐.石(pán) 崎岖.(qū)引吭.高歌(háng)B.腼腆.(.tiǎn)纨绔.(kuà) 苔藓.(.xiǎn)棱.角分明(líng)C.瞥.见(piē)绮.丽(qǐ)隽.永(juàn) 一觞.一咏(shāng)D.执拗.(niù) 皴.裂(cūn)拮据.(jū)分道扬镳.(.biāo)2.下列各组词语中,没有错别字的一项是 ( )A.踌蹰鄙薄聘礼安份耐劳B.惊惶寒暄怨府寻死妥活C.隐语烟霭忌讳惴惴不安D.执拗赎罪竹杆宽洪大量3.下列各句中,加点词语能被括号中的词语替换且符合句意的一项是 ( )A.读者们一天一天更加感觉到周围所进行的一切和他们的生活前途是息息相关....的。
(休戚相关)B.埃里克不动声色....地站在演讲台上,等到人群中反对的声浪渐渐平息,才又接着宣读市政厅的决议。
(无动于衷)C.张明笑着对我说:“谁对你有仇,你就恨谁,就和他不共戴天....,非拼个你死我活不可。
这又何必呢!”(势不两立)D.他们不再一味追求“洋化”了,因为这是和党的“洋为中用”的方针背道而驰....的。
(南辕北辙) 4.下列填入横线处的句子,排序最恰当的一项是 ( )辩论是一种常见的语言交流形式,参加辩论,首先,其次瞪烫“,再次,此外_。
①要求语言表达准确、简洁、生动、连贯②要广泛搜集与辩题有关的资料,找好论据③要认真研究辩题,从正反两个方面把握辩题的内涵④要深入分析对方观点,推测对方所持的理由和依据,制定辩论的策略A.③②④①B.①③②④C.③②①④D.①④②③5.请在下面一段文字横线处填写恰当的内容。
《红楼梦》中最有才华的女子是,最有管理才能、大胆改革的女子是,最泼辣狠毒的女子是_。
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确地说明水熊虫是众多最顽强的生物中的一种。
B.文章第⑤⑥段两次将水熊虫与人类相比较, 目的在于突出它远远胜过人类的生存能力。
12.下列说法不符合原文意思的一项是( )(3分) A.本文的语言科学严谨,如第①段“之一”准确地说明水熊虫是众多最顽强的生物 中的一种。 B.文章第⑤⑥段两次将水熊虫与人类相比较,目的在于突出它远远胜过人类的生存 能力。
注释:①庄跻:战国时楚庄王后裔,后降汉。
9.下列各组句子中,加点词语意思相同的
一项是( A )(3分)
A.臣愚患之/又患无硕师名人与游 B.在自见/才美不外见。
C故曰:“自见之谓明。”/温故而知新
D.自见之谓明/至若春和景明
A(A.担心;B.看见/表现;C.因此/旧的知 识;D.明智/明媚)
2.根据拼音写出相应的词语。(4分)
(1)高积云是成群的扁球状的云块,排列
得很yún chèn( 匀称
( 祈祷 )的钟声也响了。
)。
(2)忽然教堂的钟敲了十二下。qí dǎo
(3)我什么也没有看见!这可 hài rén tīnɡ wén( 骇人听闻 )了。
(4)做一个公民,我们要kè jìn zhí shǒu( 恪尽职守 )。
利的考生家人会把自家门前竖起的旗杆放倒撤去,
C.只要提到宋词,李敏经常大谈特谈李清照, 因为她非常崇拜这位著名的女词人,几乎能背 诵李清照的每一首词。(改“因为”为“由于”) D.多数人操劳了半辈子,为的就是健健康康地 享受儿孙满堂、其乐融融。(在句末加上“的天 伦之乐”)
5.仿照画波浪线的句子,在横线上续写一句话,
境里存活,这种温度下连物质的存在形态都变
得奇怪了。
④正常情况下,生物体内的原子都在疯狂地
振荡,到了这种低温下这些原子几乎都静止
了——可是水熊虫还能活着。更加难以置信的
是,要知道水熊虫是有大脑的。
的确,这是个相对简单的脑,但毕竟也是神 经元组成的,而且能熬过脱水到3%和-272C 的低温而近乎毫发无伤…… ⑤水熊虫还能忍受六倍于最深海底的压力。 甚至有一次实验把一批水熊虫暴露在真空中 长达10天,最后竟然还有几只没有死掉。顺 便一说,人类在真空中最多也就能活上两三 分钟吧。1965年有个宇航员在真空室里不小 心让他的宇航服失压了,15秒之后他就失去
②老板的冰冷自然不用说,但给的待遇还
是一个善于纳谏、知错就改的人。
【参考译文】
楚庄王想要讨伐越国,庄子规劝说:“大
王想要讨伐越国,是为什么呢?”楚庄王说:
“(越国)政治混乱军队软弱。”庄子说:“我
害怕智慧(就)像眼睛(一样),可以看见百步以外 的事物却不能看见自己的睫毛。大王您的军队 自从败给秦、晋(两国后),丧失了数百里的土 地,这是军队软弱。
了意识。
⑥回到水熊虫。它们可以承受的辐射剂量数
百倍于人类。它们对热水也没什么意见——哪
怕是150摄氏度的热水。
⑦水熊虫甚至没有生活在那些极端环境里,
比如某些细菌喜欢的沸腾热泉。所以过去这些
年来人们爱说它是“嗜极端生物”,这并不合
适。它能忍受这些极端环境并不意味着它就会
主动去寻找。事实上,它们最喜欢的是世界各
庄跻在(我国)境内做了盗贼但是官吏们不能阻 止,这是政治混乱。大王(您的国家)政治混乱 军队软弱,并不在越国之下,却想要讨伐越
国,这样的智慧如同眼睛(看不见眼睫毛)一样
。”楚庄王就停止了(讨伐越国的事宜)。所以
认识某件事的困难,不在于看见别人(如何),
而在于看见自己(如何)。所以说:“(能够)自
己看见本身(的不足)才是所谓的明智。”
8.下列对原文有关内容的分析理解,不正确 的一项是( )(3分) A.文章赞扬了以愚公为代表的我国古代劳动人 民改造自然的伟大气魄和宏伟抱负,批判了智 叟那种不求进取、知难而退、故步自封的消极 思想。 B.愚公饱受交通阻塞之苦,于是提出了移山 的主张。这个主张得到了众人的热烈响应,却 遭到了妻子的强烈反对和智叟的无情嘲笑。
C.在巴西里约奥运会羽毛球男子双打决赛中, 中国队的傅海峰、张楠配合得天衣无缝,获得 冠军。
D.孩子向家长倾吐心声时,家长应洗耳恭听,
这是家庭沟通中特别需要注意的地方。
4.下列对病句的修改不正确的一项是( C )(3分)
A.众多经济学家表示,英国脱欧之后会不会引 起欧盟内其他成员国的效仿,决定于英国随后的 C(应改“经常”为“就”) 形势变得比以前更好。(在“变得”前加上“是 否”) B.按明朝就在科举考试揭榜时的惯例,不幸失 叫做“倒楣”。(删去“就在”)
正人们对),并解开其超强生命力的内在原因。
(四)(17分) 程 刚 ①那一年,我中学还没毕业便到省城去打工。 其实,我并不想离开学校,但拮据的家庭让我 必须早早地挣钱,分担家里的困难。我背着行 李在寒冷的车站广场上冻得浑身发抖,最后, 父亲以前的工友把我送到了一个铝合金加工厂。
(三)(10分)
“杀不死”的水熊虫 ①水熊虫是地球上最顽强的生物之一。这
种微小的动物对几乎所有的东西都有抵抗力: 煮,冻,辐射,丢真空——它都很难死掉。 ②水熊虫的绝招是所谓的“隐生”,把生命 代谢放慢到几乎停止的程度。进入休眠状态时 ,它的身体含水量可以降到仅仅3%,是名符其 实的“脱水”。
但是只要把水加回去,水熊虫就能复生,用它
□□□□□。(白居易《观刈麦》)(2分)
(4)正如《论语》所说的:“□□□□□□,
□□□□□□。”学习之道,就是要坚持学与
思的辩证统一。(2分)
(5)请默写韩愈的《早春呈水部张十八员外》。
(4分) □□□□□□□,□□□□□□□。 □□□□□□□,□□□□□□□。
(1)天涯若比邻 (2)羌管悠悠霜满地 (3)力尽不知热 但惜夏日长 (4)学而不思则罔 思而不学则殆 (5)天街小雨润如酥 草色遥看近却无 最是一年春好处 绝胜烟柳满皇都
北山愚公者,年且九十,面山而居。惩
山北之塞,出入之迂也,聚室而谋曰:“吾与
汝毕力平险,指通豫南,达于汉阴,可乎?”
杂然相许。其妻献疑曰:“以君之力,曾不
能损魁父之丘,如太行、王屋何?且焉置土
石?”杂曰:“投诸渤海之尾,隐土之北。”
遂率子孙荷担者三夫,叩石垦壤,箕畚运于
渤海之尾。邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男,始龀,
C(走钢丝的比喻目的在于形容水熊虫在土壤
中生活的危险性。)
13.下列对水熊虫“杀不死”的特点理解不符
合文意的一项是(
)(3分)
A.水熊虫在隐生状态下能在零下272摄氏度的
实验室环境里存活。
B.进入休眠状态时,水熊虫的身体含水量能 降到仅3%,且脱水至少十年后还能复苏。
C.水熊虫能忍受六倍于最深海底的压力,
⑨所以,水熊虫难以置信的求生技能可能仅 仅是土壤里艰难生活的自然产物,而抵抗闻 所未闻的低温和高压只不过是这一脱水策略 的额外福利。但另一个更让人困惑的问题是: 它怎么办到的?戈德斯坦的实验室正在研究 这一点,他认为水熊虫可能不仅仅是靠一个 简单的绝招,而是一系列策略来忍受干燥, 最终复活。
⑩“有一种机制我们是知道的:有些耐干燥 的动物会制造一种名为‘海藻糖’的糖类,” 戈德斯坦说,“脱水逐渐进行时,海藻糖会 逐渐地‘取代’水,在本来有水的地方形成 透明层,这很可能避免了很多脱水或复水时 的常见伤害。”但是,水熊虫有1000种左右, 并非所有种类都会合成这种糖,所以一定有
名为“口针”的特殊口器刺穿藻类等生物,吸 取里面的营养。“它们可能是我们所知的动物 中最极端的生存专家。”生物学家鲍勃•戈德 斯坦说。这种脱水“冬眠”并不是只睡一个冬 天,这和真的熊可不一样,水熊虫脱水至少十 年后还能照常复苏。
③水熊虫在隐生状态下所能承受的低温简直匪
夷所思。它可以在零下272摄氏度的实验室环
10.请用三条“/”给文中画线句子断句。(3分)
王 之 弱 乱 /非 越 之 下 也/ 而 欲 伐 越/此
智 之 如 目 也。
11.结合本文内容说说楚庄王是一个怎样 的人。(3分)
开始楚庄王不顾国内“政乱兵弱”,欲伐越, 以此可知楚庄王是一个缺乏自知之明的人。但 听了庄子的进谏后“乃止”,可以看出楚庄王
3. 下列划线词语运用不正确的一项是
(
D )(3分)
A.“解密门”事件一出,美国政府和苹果公司
的矛盾,立即引起外界的普遍关注,一时众说
纷纭,。
B.“阿尔法围棋”(AlphaGo)3[0击败韩国围棋 界天王柯洁,在这场举世瞩目的“人机大战” D (“洗耳恭听”不能用于长辈对晚辈。) 中电脑略胜一筹。
跳往助之。寒暑易节,始一反焉。
河曲智叟笑而止之曰:“甚矣,汝之不
惠!以残年余力,曾不能毁山之一毛,其如
土石何?”北山愚公长息曰:“汝心之固,
固不可彻,曾不若孀妻弱子。虽我之死,有
子存焉;子又生孙,孙又生子;子又有子,
子又有孙;子子孙孙无穷匮也。而山不加增,
何苦而不平?”河曲智叟亡以应。
操蛇之神闻之,惧其不已也,告之于帝。
且都能合成“海藻糖”来避免常见伤害。 D.水熊虫能承受数百倍于人类的辐射剂量, 还能承受150摄氏度的热水。 C(并非所有种类都会合成这种“海藻 糖”。)
14.结合选文,谈谈科学家们花费巨大的人力、
物力和财力研究水熊虫的价值。(4分)
通过研究水熊虫找出在室温下让疫苗保持活
性的科学方法,降低疫苗的成本;不断地纠
帝感其诚,命夸娥氏二子负二山,一厝朔东,
一厝雍南。自此,冀之南,汉之阴,无陇断
焉。
.
6.解释下列加点词语在句子中的意思。(3分) (1)惩山北之塞: 戒,这里是“苦于”的意思
(2)汝之不惠: 通“慧”,聪慧
(3)固不可彻:
通
7.把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(4分) (1)叩石垦壤,箕畚运于渤海之尾。 凿石头,挖土,用箕畚装起土石运到渤海的 边上去。(“叩”“尾”各1分) (2)子子孙孙无穷匮也,而山不加增,何苦而 不平。 子子孙孙没有穷尽,可是山却不会增高加大, 还愁挖不平吗?(“穷匮”“苦”各1分)