肺癌英文PPT课件
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肺癌-优秀医学PPT课件
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侵蚀肋骨
周围型肺癌伴胸椎转移：左肺下野见一较大肿块影，密度均匀，边缘 模糊，第四胸椎骨密度减低，椎弓根显示不清。
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痰细胞学检查
鳞癌 小细胞癌
细支气管肺泡癌是肺腺癌的另一类型。这里是肺实变多病灶变异的粗略外观大多数右上肺叶呈现黑-白色到灰色外观。
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支气管肺癌(肺泡细胞型腺癌)
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大细胞型Large cell carcinoma
甚少见 半数起源于大支气管，细胞大胞浆丰富胞核形态多样，细胞排列不规则，分化程度低。 预后很差。 常发生脑转移后才被发现。
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周围型肺癌：右肺下叶背段见一球形肿块影；呈分叶状
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左肺上叶周围型肺癌 ：上叶尖后段见一较大肿块影， 密度均匀，边缘不规则，可见小毛刺。
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周围型肺癌：
肿瘤中心部分液化坏死，呈厚壁偏心空洞，内壁凹凸不平。
右肺下叶周围型肺癌：下叶背段见一较大肿块， 内可见一偏心小空洞伴有液平。
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血行转移 Hematogenous metastasis
是肺癌的晚期表现，病人预后差。 腺癌，小细胞癌血行转移较鳞癌更为常见。 癌细胞—肺V—左心大循环—全身（肝、骨骼、脑、肾上腺多见）。
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五、临床表现 CLINICAL SITUATION
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肺癌症状取决于发生部位、大小、是否压迫临近器官及有无转移。早期可无症状，而在X线体检时发现。中央型出现症状早。周围型较晚。
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杵状指趾和肥大性骨关节病
前者：发生快、疼痛剧烈、甲床周围出现红晕为特点。 后者：以长骨疼痛、骨膜增生、新骨形成或关节疼痛常同时伴发，多见于鳞癌。手术切除肺癌后症状立即减轻或消失。肿瘤复发又可出现。
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侵蚀肋骨
周围型肺癌伴胸椎转移：左肺下野见一较大肿块影，密度均匀，边缘 模糊，第四胸椎骨密度减低，椎弓根显示不清。
*
痰细胞学检查
鳞癌 小细胞癌
细支气管肺泡癌是肺腺癌的另一类型。这里是肺实变多病灶变异的粗略外观大多数右上肺叶呈现黑-白色到灰色外观。
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支气管肺癌(肺泡细胞型腺癌)
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大细胞型Large cell carcinoma
甚少见 半数起源于大支气管，细胞大胞浆丰富胞核形态多样，细胞排列不规则，分化程度低。 预后很差。 常发生脑转移后才被发现。
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周围型肺癌：右肺下叶背段见一球形肿块影；呈分叶状
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左肺上叶周围型肺癌 ：上叶尖后段见一较大肿块影， 密度均匀，边缘不规则，可见小毛刺。
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周围型肺癌：
肿瘤中心部分液化坏死，呈厚壁偏心空洞，内壁凹凸不平。
右肺下叶周围型肺癌：下叶背段见一较大肿块， 内可见一偏心小空洞伴有液平。
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血行转移 Hematogenous metastasis
是肺癌的晚期表现，病人预后差。 腺癌，小细胞癌血行转移较鳞癌更为常见。 癌细胞—肺V—左心大循环—全身（肝、骨骼、脑、肾上腺多见）。
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五、临床表现 CLINICAL SITUATION
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肺癌症状取决于发生部位、大小、是否压迫临近器官及有无转移。早期可无症状，而在X线体检时发现。中央型出现症状早。周围型较晚。
*
*
杵状指趾和肥大性骨关节病
前者：发生快、疼痛剧烈、甲床周围出现红晕为特点。 后者：以长骨疼痛、骨膜增生、新骨形成或关节疼痛常同时伴发，多见于鳞癌。手术切除肺癌后症状立即减轻或消失。肿瘤复发又可出现。
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肺癌英文PPT演示幻灯片
cell carcinoma).
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Pathology And Classification
According to the different principles of management,it is divided into two types.
SCLC:small cell lung carcinoma. NSCLC:non small cell lung carcinoma.
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Pathology And Classification
1. According to the position of tumor arising from ,it can be divided into two types .
Central type:Tumor arises from main bronchus, lobar and segmental bronchus . Peripheral type : Tumor arises beyond segmental bronchus .
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Clinical Features
(4).Horner’s syndrome.It is caused by invading the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the involved side the pupil is small ptosis of the up eyelids,retraction of the eyeball and no sweat of the face.
(5)Cardiac effusion
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Passive smoking is also a carcinogen factor.
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Pathology And Classification
According to the different principles of management,it is divided into two types.
SCLC:small cell lung carcinoma. NSCLC:non small cell lung carcinoma.
5
Pathology And Classification
1. According to the position of tumor arising from ,it can be divided into two types .
Central type:Tumor arises from main bronchus, lobar and segmental bronchus . Peripheral type : Tumor arises beyond segmental bronchus .
11
Clinical Features
(4).Horner’s syndrome.It is caused by invading the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the involved side the pupil is small ptosis of the up eyelids,retraction of the eyeball and no sweat of the face.
(5)Cardiac effusion
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Passive smoking is also a carcinogen factor.
肺癌PPT课件
Clinical presentation
• Majority are symptomatic at presentation 1.肺癌生长引起局部症状 Symptoms related to lung
lesion 2.肺癌向邻近组织器官侵犯Symptoms from
intrathoracic spread 3.向其它脏器扩散 Symptoms from distant mets 4. 非转移性肺外表现 Symptoms from paraneoplastic
WHO divides lung cancer into 2 major classes based on its biology, therapy, and prognosis.
NSCLC accounts for more than 80% of all lung cancer cases, and it includes 2 形式转移：
远处 器官 转移
0期
IA期 IIB期
IIIB期
IV期
①局部直接蔓延； ②血行转移； ③淋巴道转移；
Symptoms from intrathoracic spread
Pleural or pericardial effusion Hoarseness Pancoast tumor SVC syndrome dysphagia elevated diaphragm
popular) Hepatic mets Brain mets
内分泌系统 柯兴氏综合征、糖尿病、甲亢等 神经系统 多发性肌炎、Eaton—Lambert综合 征
肺癌和遗传是有相关性的，具有遗传倾向，但不是遗传性疾病；
在家族中有肺癌病人，本人又为长期大量吸烟者，应提高警惕；
肺癌ppt课件(图文)可修改文字
周围型肺癌
生长在段支气 管以下，以腺 癌多见
临床表现(clinic representation)
✓ 咳嗽 最常见，早期症状，抗炎无效
A
早期—刺激性—顽固性、阵发性肿瘤增大—堵塞管腔—阻
塞性— 持续高音调，带金属音
✓ 咯血 占50-60%，持续性或间断性痰中带血，大咯血
少见占30%
✓ 胸闷或胸痛 持续性钝痛、 隐痛、胸部沉重感
发病率及死亡率
A
B
C
Cont
ent
发病率及死亡率
A
我国的调查报告：
➢ 肺癌死亡率90年代较70年代增加111.85% （1倍多）
➢ 肺癌在城市已跃居癌症死亡首位（男性首位， 女性仅次于乳腺癌）
C
15.9/10万人
死 7.17/10万人 亡 率
病因 (etiological factor)
A
C
1、吸烟
src、lck
抑癌基因--- P53、Rb、nm23、
P16
病理分类
按细胞形态特征及分化程度分：
1、 鳞状上皮细胞癌
A ① 最常见，占40-50%，
② 多中央型 ③ 易致管腔阻塞
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④ 生长缓慢、转移较晚
⑤ 常见于老年人、男性，与吸烟有关
2、未分化小细胞癌（燕麦细胞癌）
2
C ① 占10-15%，多中央型
T2N0M0 T1N1M0 T3N0M0
分期
TNM
Ⅲa期
T3N1M0
Ⅲb期 剖剖胸胸探探查任查何T1T-,N33N,M2M00T4,
Ⅳ期
任何N,M0 任何T任何NM1
T2N1M0
诊断（diagnose)
肺癌分期
肺癌PPT课件
显示Pancoast瘤与毗邻血管、臂丛神经的关 系，在矢状与冠状位扫描优于横轴位CT
• 痰细胞学检查
• 阳性率为60%左有，高者达80%以 上。其中，约2/3的病变位于中央， 在支气管镜能够观察到的范围内
• 胸水细胞学检查
• 与 痰一样，阴性结果并不重要，但 肯定的阳性发现却非常重要
• 常用三种方法 •灌注扫描 •检查肺癌的转移灶 •亲肿瘤扫描 •直接提示肺部肿瘤 •吸入扫描 •间接提示肺部肿瘤
FDG-PET在肺部肿瘤诊治中的应用：
确定肺内病变的存在及性质 对肺癌患者进行临床TNM分期。 发现常规检查未发现的亚临床转移病灶。 判断肿瘤对治疗的反应，指导治疗方案。 肿瘤局部复发的早期诊断。
纤维支气管镜检查
• 纤支镜检查除观察病灶外，主要目的在于钳 取组织进行病理检查以明确诊断 ;其对中央型 肺癌阳性率较高
• 胸内转移症状
• 胸水：血性胸水一般系肿瘤直接侵犯胸膜所致， 提示预后不佳
• 纵隔受累
• 压迫上腔静脉，引起上腔静脉综合征 • 压迫食管致吞咽困难 • 累及一侧喉返神经致声音嘶哑 • 肺尖部的肿瘤---Pancoast瘤，常常出现胸廓上口受累
的症状
*Pancoast瘤
支气管源癌，鳞癌为主，少数为小细胞癌。位 于肺尖部，常出现胸廓上口受累的症状，表现 为:1)胸腔上口软组织受累，合并邻近骨质破坏 和局部性疼痛;2)臂丛神经受累，引起患侧上肢、 手部疼痛，手部肌肉萎缩;3)支配头颈部同侧的 颈交感神经节受累，引起Horner综合征
某些金属和非金属物质 如铀、铬、镍、铍、氡、砷、锡、 石棉等有致癌作用。其中最重要的是石棉。石棉工人发生 肺癌的危险是普通人的6~10倍
大气污染 可使肺癌的发病率提高2~3倍:肺癌死亡率在城市 高于农村
• 痰细胞学检查
• 阳性率为60%左有，高者达80%以 上。其中，约2/3的病变位于中央， 在支气管镜能够观察到的范围内
• 胸水细胞学检查
• 与 痰一样，阴性结果并不重要，但 肯定的阳性发现却非常重要
• 常用三种方法 •灌注扫描 •检查肺癌的转移灶 •亲肿瘤扫描 •直接提示肺部肿瘤 •吸入扫描 •间接提示肺部肿瘤
FDG-PET在肺部肿瘤诊治中的应用：
确定肺内病变的存在及性质 对肺癌患者进行临床TNM分期。 发现常规检查未发现的亚临床转移病灶。 判断肿瘤对治疗的反应，指导治疗方案。 肿瘤局部复发的早期诊断。
纤维支气管镜检查
• 纤支镜检查除观察病灶外，主要目的在于钳 取组织进行病理检查以明确诊断 ;其对中央型 肺癌阳性率较高
• 胸内转移症状
• 胸水：血性胸水一般系肿瘤直接侵犯胸膜所致， 提示预后不佳
• 纵隔受累
• 压迫上腔静脉，引起上腔静脉综合征 • 压迫食管致吞咽困难 • 累及一侧喉返神经致声音嘶哑 • 肺尖部的肿瘤---Pancoast瘤，常常出现胸廓上口受累
的症状
*Pancoast瘤
支气管源癌，鳞癌为主，少数为小细胞癌。位 于肺尖部，常出现胸廓上口受累的症状，表现 为:1)胸腔上口软组织受累，合并邻近骨质破坏 和局部性疼痛;2)臂丛神经受累，引起患侧上肢、 手部疼痛，手部肌肉萎缩;3)支配头颈部同侧的 颈交感神经节受累，引起Horner综合征
某些金属和非金属物质 如铀、铬、镍、铍、氡、砷、锡、 石棉等有致癌作用。其中最重要的是石棉。石棉工人发生 肺癌的危险是普通人的6~10倍
大气污染 可使肺癌的发病率提高2~3倍:肺癌死亡率在城市 高于农村
肺癌英文(课堂PPT)
5
Pathology And Classification
1. According to the position of tumor arising from ,it can be divided into two types .
Central type:Tumor arises from main bronchus, lobar and segmental bronchus . Peripheral type : Tumor arises beyond segmental breatures
(4).Horner’s syndrome.It is caused by invading the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the involved side the pupil is small ptosis of the up eyelids,retraction of the eyeball and no sweat of the face.
9
Clinical features
1.Respiratory symptoms.
(1).Cough: (2).Hemoptysis: (3).Dyspnea.: (4).Wheeze or stridor: (5).Chest pain : (6).Fever:
10
Clinical features
cell carcinoma).
7
Pathology And Classification
According to the different principles of management,it is divided into two types.
SCLC:small cell lung carcinoma. NSCLC:non small cell lung carcinoma.
Pathology And Classification
1. According to the position of tumor arising from ,it can be divided into two types .
Central type:Tumor arises from main bronchus, lobar and segmental bronchus . Peripheral type : Tumor arises beyond segmental breatures
(4).Horner’s syndrome.It is caused by invading the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the involved side the pupil is small ptosis of the up eyelids,retraction of the eyeball and no sweat of the face.
9
Clinical features
1.Respiratory symptoms.
(1).Cough: (2).Hemoptysis: (3).Dyspnea.: (4).Wheeze or stridor: (5).Chest pain : (6).Fever:
10
Clinical features
cell carcinoma).
7
Pathology And Classification
According to the different principles of management,it is divided into two types.
SCLC:small cell lung carcinoma. NSCLC:non small cell lung carcinoma.
肺癌研究报告Lung cancer(英文)ppt课件
PPT学习交流
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Environmental Risk Factors Alcohol
Diet and Body Mass
Non-modifiable Risk Factors Age \Race \Sex
PPT学习交流
9
Types
squamous cell carcinoma,squamous epithelium of the lungs or bronchi
An individual then has a better idea of
the value of different fors that are taken into
account include the person's general
health, medical problems that may affect
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) accounts for approximately 20% of all primary lung cancers
The histologic distinction between nonsmall cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer is extremely important. There are substantial differences between the two groups in both treatment and prognosis.
PPT学习交流
14
Other symptoms that are
associated with lung
cancer include:
讲课肺癌英文 PPT
• Due to local extension: chest pain,hoarseness,superior vena cava syndrome, horner’s syndrome, dysphagia, pericardial effusion,pleural effusion, diaphragm paralysis
lung cancer(NSCLC). NSCLC includes Squamous cell carcinoma,
large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma.
Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)
• It arises from the submucosal glands,located in peripheral airways and alveoli
• Female
large cell carcinoma
• large nuclei,prominent nucleoli,abundant cytoplsma
neuroendocrine cells that are responsible for the production and secretion of specific peptide product.they may related to paraneoplastic syndrome.
• Cells are oval or vaguely spindleshaped ,have scant cytoplasm
大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持
继续保持安静
Squamous cell carcinoma
• the most frequent form of the tumor(30-50 percent of all cases
lung cancer(NSCLC). NSCLC includes Squamous cell carcinoma,
large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma.
Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)
• It arises from the submucosal glands,located in peripheral airways and alveoli
• Female
large cell carcinoma
• large nuclei,prominent nucleoli,abundant cytoplsma
neuroendocrine cells that are responsible for the production and secretion of specific peptide product.they may related to paraneoplastic syndrome.
• Cells are oval or vaguely spindleshaped ,have scant cytoplasm
大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持
继续保持安静
Squamous cell carcinoma
• the most frequent form of the tumor(30-50 percent of all cases
肺癌讲课课件ppt课件
• 肿瘤中心部分液化坏死，呈厚壁偏心空洞，内壁凹凸 不平。
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周围型肺癌：
周围型肺癌：右肺下叶背段见一球形肿块影；呈分叶状
39
周围型肺癌
• 肿瘤中心部分液化坏 死，呈厚壁偏心空洞， 内壁凹凸不平。
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肺泡细胞癌
• 结节型：与周围型肺癌圆形病灶的影像学表现不易 区别。
• 弥漫型：两肺大小不等的结节状播散病灶，边界清 楚，密度较高，随病情发展逐渐增多、增大，甚至 融合成肺炎样片状阴影。病灶间常有增深的网状阴 影，有时可见支气管充气征。
三、空气污染
空气污染包括室内小环境和室外大环境污染。如室内被 动吸烟、燃料燃烧和烹调过程中可能产生的致癌物。有资 料表明，室内用煤，接触煤烟或和不完全燃烧物为肺癌的 危险因素，特别是对女性腺癌，烹调时加热所释放出的油 烟雾也是致癌因素，不可忽视。
大气污染中不得不提的是PM2.5，污染较重的城市中， 居民每日吸入的空气重PM2.5含有的苯并芘量可超过20 支纸烟的含量。
• 胸外表现：指肺癌非转移性胸外表现，称之为副 癌综合症
1.杵状指趾和肥大性骨关节病
前者：发生快、疼痛剧烈、甲床周围出现红晕为 特点。
后者：以长骨疼痛、骨膜增生、新骨形成或关节 疼痛常同时伴发，多见于鳞癌。手术切除肺癌后 症状立即减轻或消失。肿瘤复发又可出现。
2.异位促性腺激素：大部分是大细胞肺癌，主要表 现男性乳房发育和增生性骨关节病。
英国著名肿瘤学家R.Peto预言：如果中国不及时控制吸烟 和空气污染，到2025年中国每年肺癌将超过100万，成 为世界第一肺癌大国。
被动吸烟和环境吸烟也是肺癌的病因之一，丈夫吸烟的 非吸烟妻子中，发生肺癌的危险为夫妻均不吸烟家庭中妻 子的2倍，而且其危险性随丈夫的吸烟量而升高。
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周围型肺癌：
周围型肺癌：右肺下叶背段见一球形肿块影；呈分叶状
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周围型肺癌
• 肿瘤中心部分液化坏 死，呈厚壁偏心空洞， 内壁凹凸不平。
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肺泡细胞癌
• 结节型：与周围型肺癌圆形病灶的影像学表现不易 区别。
• 弥漫型：两肺大小不等的结节状播散病灶，边界清 楚，密度较高，随病情发展逐渐增多、增大，甚至 融合成肺炎样片状阴影。病灶间常有增深的网状阴 影，有时可见支气管充气征。
三、空气污染
空气污染包括室内小环境和室外大环境污染。如室内被 动吸烟、燃料燃烧和烹调过程中可能产生的致癌物。有资 料表明，室内用煤，接触煤烟或和不完全燃烧物为肺癌的 危险因素，特别是对女性腺癌，烹调时加热所释放出的油 烟雾也是致癌因素，不可忽视。
大气污染中不得不提的是PM2.5，污染较重的城市中， 居民每日吸入的空气重PM2.5含有的苯并芘量可超过20 支纸烟的含量。
• 胸外表现：指肺癌非转移性胸外表现，称之为副 癌综合症
1.杵状指趾和肥大性骨关节病
前者：发生快、疼痛剧烈、甲床周围出现红晕为 特点。
后者：以长骨疼痛、骨膜增生、新骨形成或关节 疼痛常同时伴发，多见于鳞癌。手术切除肺癌后 症状立即减轻或消失。肿瘤复发又可出现。
2.异位促性腺激素：大部分是大细胞肺癌，主要表 现男性乳房发育和增生性骨关节病。
英国著名肿瘤学家R.Peto预言：如果中国不及时控制吸烟 和空气污染，到2025年中国每年肺癌将超过100万，成 为世界第一肺癌大国。
被动吸烟和环境吸烟也是肺癌的病因之一，丈夫吸烟的 非吸烟妻子中，发生肺癌的危险为夫妻均不吸烟家庭中妻 子的2倍，而且其危险性随丈夫的吸烟量而升高。
肺癌PPT课件
麦细胞癌。
• 4.大细胞癌：此型.肺癌甚为少见。约半
数起源于大支气管。细胞大，胞浆丰富， 胞核形态多样，细胞排列不规则，呈片形 或条索状。大细胞癌分化程度低，常发生 脑转移，预后差。
• 此外，少数病例同时存在不同类型的 癌肿组织，如腺癌内有鳞癌组织，鳞癌内 有腺癌组织或鳞癌与小细胞癌并存，这一 类癌称为混合型肺癌。
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• 2.职业与肺癌：某些工业生产及矿区职 工肺癌的发病率较高，这可能是由于长期 接触石棉、铬、镍、铜、锡、砷、铀等放 射性元素有关。
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• 3.大气污染与肺癌：流行病学调查资料 表明，肺癌的分布规律是：工业发达、空 气污染严重的地区高于工业不发达地区， 城市居民高于农民，近郊高于远郊。这可 能是与煤和石油燃烧后释放出二氧化硫、 煤焦油、特别是3，4-苯丙芘等可致癌的有 害气体，直接作用于和环境空气接触面积 最大的肺脏，使其成为致癌因素的靶器官。
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• （二）组织学类型：肺癌的组织学分类 较为繁多，临床上通常分为：
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• 1.鳞状细胞癌（鳞癌）：在肺癌中最为 常见，约占50%，患者年龄多在50岁以上， 男性多于女性。大多起源于较大的支气管 鳞状上皮、近肺门多为中心型。虽然鳞癌 的分化程度不一，但在常见的各型肺癌中 此型生长速度较缓慢，病程较长；通常首 先经淋巴管局部转移较多见，血行远处转 移发生较晚。对放疗及化疗均较敏感，因 此其五年生存率相对较高。
肺癌
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• 肺癌(lung cancer)大多数发生于各级支 气管粘膜及其腺体的上皮细胞，亦称支气 管肺癌，(bronchopulmonary carcinoma) 临床上则通称为肺癌。
流行病学与病因
• 流行病学概况： • 近半个世纪以来，世界肺癌的死亡率
第十届世界肺癌会议(英文)PPT课件
pneuonectomy and the remainder had lobectomy 39% of pts in each arm had stage Ⅲ,and 46% had scc
International adjuvant lung cancer trial (IALT)
74% pts received at least 240mg/m2 of DDP;8% pts assigned to the chemotherapy arm received no chemotherapy
NSCLCCG ALPI IALT BLT
n Hazard ratio for chemotherapy 95% CI
1,394 1,209 1,869 381
o.87 0.96 0.86 1.02
0.74-1.02 0.81-1.13 0.76-0.98 0.77-1.35
commentary
Some point to the better compliance with treatment in the IALT study
Chemotherapy used in IALT
Adjuvant chemotherapy regimen
% of the pts
Cisplatin 300-400mg/m2 over 3-4 cycles with
etoposide
56
vinovelbine
27
vinblastin
11
vindesine
There was no benefit to chemotherapy in terms of overall survival or progression-free survival
International adjuvant lung cancer trial (IALT)
74% pts received at least 240mg/m2 of DDP;8% pts assigned to the chemotherapy arm received no chemotherapy
NSCLCCG ALPI IALT BLT
n Hazard ratio for chemotherapy 95% CI
1,394 1,209 1,869 381
o.87 0.96 0.86 1.02
0.74-1.02 0.81-1.13 0.76-0.98 0.77-1.35
commentary
Some point to the better compliance with treatment in the IALT study
Chemotherapy used in IALT
Adjuvant chemotherapy regimen
% of the pts
Cisplatin 300-400mg/m2 over 3-4 cycles with
etoposide
56
vinovelbine
27
vinblastin
11
vindesine
There was no benefit to chemotherapy in terms of overall survival or progression-free survival
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2.Symptoms
caused by the near organs or tissue involved by tumor.
(1).Dysphagia. (2).Hoarseness. (3).Pleural effusion due to invasion of the pleura.
Incidence and mortality
Bronchogenic carcinoma has increased remarkable in incidence and mortality during half of the century and has become the most frequent visceral malignant diseases of men.The mortality of lung cancer hold the first place among all kinds carcinomas.
5.Diets and Nutrition.
6.Chronic irritation.
7.Genetic factors.
Pathology And Classification
1. According to the position of tumor arising from ,it can be divided into two types . Central type:Tumor arises from main bronchus, lobar and segmental bronchus . Peripheral type : Tumor arises beyond segmental bronchus .
Pathology And Classification
According
to the different principles
of management,it is divided into two types.
SCLC:small NSCLC:non
cell lung carcinoma.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma (Lung Cancer)
Respiratory department
Definition
Bronchogenic
carcinoma refers to the malignant tumor which grows in the bronchus. Originating from mucus or gland of bronchus.
Clinical fetures
Passive smoking is also a carcinogen factor.
Etiology
2.Atmospheric pollution.It was found that carcinogenic factor is benzpyrene .
3.Occupational factors. 4Radioactivity in the atmosphere .
small cell lung carcinoma.
Clinical features
There are no symptoms of early lung cancer in some patients. Symptoms caused by lung cancer are nonspecific:perhaps an audible wheeze or a slight cough,symptoms of infection (fever ,purulent sputum) , of obstruction (wheezing,dyspnea), or ulceration of bronchial mucosa (hemoptysis).
Etiology
The cause of lung cancer is unknown.It is believed
that there are following related factors.
1. Excessive cigarette smoking:Smoking
index(Brinkman Index) is equal to cigarettes per day smoking time(years).
Cliy symptoms.
(1).Cough: (2).Hemoptysis: (3).Dyspnea.:
(4).Wheeze or stridor:
(5).Chest pain :
(6).Fever:
Clinical features
Pathology And Classification
2.According to cytology,it is convenient to classify into four kinds of types. (1).Squamous cell carcinoma. (2).Small cell anaplastic carcinoma. (3).Large cell anaplastic carcinoma. (4).Adenocarcinoma(including alveolar cell carcinoma).
Clinical Features
(4).Horner’s syndrome.It is caused by invading the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the involved side the pupil is small ptosis of the up eyelids,retraction of the eyeball and no sweat of the face. (5)Cardiac effusion
caused by the near organs or tissue involved by tumor.
(1).Dysphagia. (2).Hoarseness. (3).Pleural effusion due to invasion of the pleura.
Incidence and mortality
Bronchogenic carcinoma has increased remarkable in incidence and mortality during half of the century and has become the most frequent visceral malignant diseases of men.The mortality of lung cancer hold the first place among all kinds carcinomas.
5.Diets and Nutrition.
6.Chronic irritation.
7.Genetic factors.
Pathology And Classification
1. According to the position of tumor arising from ,it can be divided into two types . Central type:Tumor arises from main bronchus, lobar and segmental bronchus . Peripheral type : Tumor arises beyond segmental bronchus .
Pathology And Classification
According
to the different principles
of management,it is divided into two types.
SCLC:small NSCLC:non
cell lung carcinoma.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma (Lung Cancer)
Respiratory department
Definition
Bronchogenic
carcinoma refers to the malignant tumor which grows in the bronchus. Originating from mucus or gland of bronchus.
Clinical fetures
Passive smoking is also a carcinogen factor.
Etiology
2.Atmospheric pollution.It was found that carcinogenic factor is benzpyrene .
3.Occupational factors. 4Radioactivity in the atmosphere .
small cell lung carcinoma.
Clinical features
There are no symptoms of early lung cancer in some patients. Symptoms caused by lung cancer are nonspecific:perhaps an audible wheeze or a slight cough,symptoms of infection (fever ,purulent sputum) , of obstruction (wheezing,dyspnea), or ulceration of bronchial mucosa (hemoptysis).
Etiology
The cause of lung cancer is unknown.It is believed
that there are following related factors.
1. Excessive cigarette smoking:Smoking
index(Brinkman Index) is equal to cigarettes per day smoking time(years).
Cliy symptoms.
(1).Cough: (2).Hemoptysis: (3).Dyspnea.:
(4).Wheeze or stridor:
(5).Chest pain :
(6).Fever:
Clinical features
Pathology And Classification
2.According to cytology,it is convenient to classify into four kinds of types. (1).Squamous cell carcinoma. (2).Small cell anaplastic carcinoma. (3).Large cell anaplastic carcinoma. (4).Adenocarcinoma(including alveolar cell carcinoma).
Clinical Features
(4).Horner’s syndrome.It is caused by invading the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the involved side the pupil is small ptosis of the up eyelids,retraction of the eyeball and no sweat of the face. (5)Cardiac effusion