汉译英学习资料
翻译复习资料(学生版)
大学英语5级读写（提高班）翻译复习英译汉：1.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
2.He was eloquent and elegant—but soft.他有口才、有风度，但性格软弱。
3.His whole family were religious.他全家都是虔诚的教徒。
4.When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist,his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。
5.The decision has to come.决定还没做出6.Characteristically,Mr.Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.海罗德与众不同，他隐藏着自己的感情，边看边学。
7.The frequency,wave length,and speed of sound are closely related.频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。
8.Of visible light,red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.在各种可见光中，红光的波长最长，紫光的波长最短。
9.He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal.他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议，但还是白费了力气。
（副词的分译）10.They,not unexpectedly,did not respond.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
汉译英复习资料
汉译英重点句子1. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记是人准确。
Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.2. 阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。
Reading exercises one's eyes; Speaking, one's tongue; while writing, one's mind.3. 我们应该学会如何分析问题和解决问题。
We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.3. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，费下苦功不可。
The mastery of the language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.4. 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
Independent thinking is absolute necessity in study.5. 我们很高兴的看到，中国的经济已有了很大的发展。
It is our great pleasure to note that China has made great progress in economy.6. 科学家们深信，所有物质都是不灭的。
Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.9. 许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比，认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.10.如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。
英文学习宾从句汉译英资料整合
.宾语从句1.我想知道下学期谁教我们英语。
I want to know who will teach us English next term .2.我不知道他明天是否会来。
I don’t know whether / if he will come tomorrow .I don’t know whether/ if he is coming tomorrow .3.他问我是否跟他一起去旅行。
He asks me whether / if I will travel with him .He asked me whether / if I would travel with him .4.汤姆问我邮局在哪里。
Tom asks me where the Post Office is .Tom asked me where the Post Office was .5.我想知道你爸爸是做什么工作的。
I want to know what your father’s job is .I want to know what your father does .6.他告诉我下个月他要去美国。
He tells me that he will go America next month .He tells me that he is going to America next month .He told me that he would go to America next month .He told me that he was going to America next month .7.我想知道怎样才能学好英语。
I want to know how I can learn English well .8.我认为你是个好人。
I think that you are a good person .9.我不知道明天谁会来。
汉译英资料
五、作业：1.阅读教材第5章；2.修改自己“朔方的雪花”译文，揣摩杨、戴译文；3.完成教材练习13。
“朔方的雪花”-----修改But the snowflakes that fall in the north remain to the last like powder or sand and never hold together, whether scattered on roofs, the ground or the withered grass.The warmth from the stoves inside has melted some of the snow on the roofs.As for the rest, when a whirlwind springs up under a clear sky, it flies up wildly, glittering in the sunlight like thick mist around a flame, revolving and rising till it fills the sky, and the whole sky glitters as it whirls and rises.练习13一．根据汉英句群和段落衔接的特点修改下面译文。
1.我当时是接管中央美术学院的军代表。
听说白石老人是教授，每月到学校一次，画一张画给学生看，做示范表演。
有的学生提出要把他的工资停掉。
我说：“这样的老画家，每月来一次画一张画，就是很大的贡献。
……”I was then the military representative at the Central Academy of Fine Arts. I was told that Baishi was a professor there and that he came to the Academy once a month. Every time he came he would paint a picture as an example for the students to imitate, but some of them proposed that his salary should be stopped.“For an artist as old as he is, to come once a month and produce a painting is a great contribution ………”I explained. 修改：I was then the military representative at the Central Academy of Fine Arts. I was told that Baishi was a professor there and that he came to the Academy once a month. Every time he came he would paint a picture as an example for the students to imitate, but some of them proposed that his salary should be stopped since he came so infrequently.说明：原文中二、三句间逻辑关系不太明确，应加上此句，说清学生要求停薪的原因。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter Ten Skills for Canton Fair Translation-文档资料
Skills for Canton Fair Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Chapter Ten
货币金额
（2）合同总价为叁佰贰拾万美元。 [原译]: The total contract value is $ 3, 200, 000. [注]：表面上看, 原译似乎完全正确, 而且在商务英语的课本中亦常有此写 法。然而,就正式合同而言, 原译则不够准确、严谨, 甚至存在严重隐患或漏 洞。 [改译]: The total contract value is US $ 3, 200, 000. 00 (Say: the 1. 在日常用语中 $通常是指 US$, 即美元 , 但也可代表其他某些货币 , 如HK$, United States , Dollars Three Million Two Hundred Thousand Only). Can$等。因此, 译文中准确的货币符号应为US$。 2. 原译中金额数字的写法也不够严密, 根据原文的文义, 译文中的金额应为 大写或者大小写，即便只用小写，也应加上小数点后的两位，即 3,200,000.00 。 3. 在合同金额较大的情况下, 如果金额数字只是小写, 则易出现差错, 而且 小数点(.) 和分节号(,) 容易混淆, 如稍有不慎, 就会导致严重后果。
Skills for Canton Fair Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Chapter Ten
货币金额
合同价款和支付条款是对外经贸合同主要条款之一, 对合同各方关系重大,必须明确规定。 合同金额数字应高度准确、缜密, 无懈可击。 但在这些条款的翻译中仍出现不少问题, 最为典型的是 有关货币金额的译文不够规范、严谨, 存在漏洞,如货币符 号的写法不完整、译文中缺少大写、漏写小数点的后两位以 及混淆小数点和分节号等等。
专转本英语汉译英+核心资料1
专转本英语汉译英核心资料11. 学好一门外语是非常重要的。
It is important to aquire a foreign language.2.他用了大约半年的时间才完成这篇论文。
It took him about/approximately half a year to complete the paper.3. 你让我做的事情我都已经做完了。
I have finished what you made me do.I have finished those things that you made me do.4. 一旦他适应了新环境，他就会取得更大的进步。
Once he adapted to the new environment, he will make even greater progress.5. 无论贫富，人人都有教育的权利。
Everybody, poor or rich, has the right to education.6. 这口钟大约有三个人那么高。
The bell is about three times/twice as tall as a person.7我听说刘同志在申请回原单位。
I heard that Mr. Liu was applying for returning to his former unit.9.这本书非常有趣，我一口气就把它读完了。
The book is so interesting that I finish it without break.10.我跟他说了几次，可他一个劲地看书，根本就没听见我说什么。
I told him several times but he kept on reading without hearing what a said.11. 电脑在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用。
It is known by everybody that Computers play a very important role in our daily life.12. 只要你不断努力，你迟早会取得成功。
汉译英资料
第8周作业教材练习三1，你太忙，没有时间打扫房间。
让我来吧。
You are too busy to clean the room. Let me do it.2，A:你对他的看法怎样？B：他聪明，勤奋，就是有点自私。
A：我也这样看。
A: What do you think of him?B：He is clever and diligent, but he’s a little selfish.A：I think so, too.3，太阳刚刚下了地平线。
软风一阵一阵的吹上人面，怪痒痒的。
The sun had just sunk down the horizon. It is a bit itching when the soft wind blew to one’s face.4，若是站在后山上看下去，晴天里一片头巾、花帕、草帽，雨天里一片斗篷、纸伞、布伞。
If you look down from the back of the hill, you can see the turbans, kerchiefs, straw hats on the sunny day; you can see the coir capes and umbrellas of cloth or oiled paper.5，横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛。
Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers.Head-bowed, like a willing ox I serve the youngsters.6，长江后浪推前浪，世上新人换旧人。
Time makes it inevitable that in every profession,young men replace the old.7，凡人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。
A man cannot be known by his appearance, nor can the sea be measured with a bushel basket.8，却当大雪之后，石是青的，雪是白的，树上枝条是黄的，又有许多松柏是绿的，一丛一丛，如画上点的苔一样。
Book1-4汉译英(1)高一英语资料
10 n 旅游者,观光者 11 12 v 烦 扰 , 迷 惑 n. 麻 烦 n 令人讨厌的人 （东西）
29 n 雇用,职业，就业 30 31 32 n 长廊,游廊,画 廊，美术馆 vi 交换 , 交流 n. 交 换 a 迷人的,吸引人的
13 n 租金,租vi.出租 14 n 地区,区域，行政 区
15 v 接近 16 n 海港 17 a 美丽的，宜人的 18 a 建筑
16 a 疼痛的 17 a 正常的 18 n 生活方式 19 v 朝~~方向前进 20 v 注视；观看 21 a 太胖的；超重的 22 n 肺子 23 n 喉咙；咽喉；嗓 子
24 v 呼吸 25 n 肺炎 26 n 处方 27 n 症状 28 a 可怕的；吓人的 29 n 保险 30 n 问卷调查；调查 表
16
n 真实；现实；逼 真
17 n 风格 18 v 采纳；采用 19 v 以~~ 为目标；打 算；意欲
20 v 忍受 21 a 不寻常的；非凡 的
6 n 图画 7 v 绘画；(用颜 料）画
22 n 展览 23 n 表现；表达 24 25 26 27 n 风景；景色；风 景画；山水画 n 画像；肖像；人 像 v 领悟；了解；现 实；实行 a 现实主义的；写 实主义的
9 n 太空人；宇航员 10 n 宇宙 11 n 船员；水手 12 n 轨道；绕轨道飞 行
13 n 太空舱 14 n 飞行；班机 15 n 祝贺 prep 在船（飞机、 火车、公共汽车） 上 17 n 欢迎 16 18 a 历史性的 19 n 成就；功业；伟 绩
35 n 证据 36 a 文化的 37 a 金融的 38 n 评论 39 a 皇家的；皇室的 40 v 创立；建立 41 v创作
6 n.骆驼 7 n.盒式录音带,盒子 8 n. 沙漠 vt. 离弃 , 擅 离
汉译英资料
第九次作业一，翻译下面的句子如果你留下来，我也留下来If you stay here, so do I.小马也就十二三岁，脸还很瘦Xiaoma is about 12 or 13 years, and his face is still thin very much.她怎么好好的就自杀了？这也奇怪Why does she commit suicide? This is really surprising.他对事情的进展情况也还满意He is satisfied with the process of the affairs.你要订哪种杂志Which kind of magazines do you want to subscribe?这本书我们没有货，但是可以帮你订We don’t have the stock of this kind of book, but we can help you to order it.你能帮我把这份文件的讲义订起来吗？Can you help me to bind the lecture notes together?那件大衣的面子很漂亮。
The outside of that coat is very beautiful.如果怕丢了面子，就说不好英语You can not speak fluent English if you are worry about losingthe face.我是个爱面子的人，这种事我可做不出I am concerned about face-saving, so I can not do this thing.不是我不买你面子，实在是这事不好办It is not that I don’t care about your face, because this thing is really difficult.二，请选择最适合的表达来翻译各句中的“心”[Heart mind brain intention wish popularity feeling](必要时可更改单复数形式)1，心有余而力不足One’s ability falls short one’s wishes.2,您的建议我会永远铭记在心I will always bear your advice in mind _.3，如果你忘了她生日她会很伤心You’ll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday.4,居心叵测To nurse evil intentions _.5,得人心者得天下Those who gain popularity among the people will gain the power.6,劳心者治人，劳力者治于人Those who work with brains rule and those who work withtheir brawn are ruled.7,哀莫大于心死The greatest despair comes from a devastated heart.三，从贴切表达词语蕴涵意义的角度比较一下几组译文1，这是民国六年的冬天，大风刮的正猛，我因为生计关系，不得不一早在路上走A.It’s the winter of 1917.The wind was blowing hard, but I had to walk in the street to make a living.B.It happened during the winter of 1917.A bitter north wind was blowing but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early.2,世事洞明皆学问，人情练达即文章A.The world’s affairs, well understood, are all scholarship. Human relationships, maturely experienced, are already literature.B.True learning implies a clear insight into human activities. Genuine culture involves the skillful manipulation of human relationship.3.这尊塑像站了几百年，他觉得这是一种苦役。
《英汉翻译学习指南
4.连接词的省译
英语注重句子结构的紧凑严密，以形显义，而汉语则精炼，并列连词较少用，所以英译汉的时候很多情况省略连词。
连接词：关系代词： that, which, who；关系副词：when, where, how；并列连词：or, and, but; 从属连词：because, since, when
8.动词转换为名词
英译汉： This film impressed me deeply. 这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象。
汉译英：
e.g. 1) 本课程的目的是………. The course aims at…….
2）我的意思是……. I meant to…….
二、 英语形容词与汉语动词的相互转换
1. 表心理状态的形容词转译为汉语中表心理的动词。形容词作表语时：sure, certain, ignorant, thankful, able etc.
e.g. She went to work without breakfast. 她没吃早餐就去上班了。
汉译英时则相反
e.g. 这边文章我看不懂 。 This article is beyond my comprehension.
五、 名词与形容词的相互转换
1. 英译汉名词作表语或宾语时，可以译为形容词。
重点：
名词与动词间的转换r
难点：
名词与形容词的转换
基本内容
名词与动词间的转换，名词与形容词的转换
学习要求
1. 英汉两种语言在此类的使用频率存在差异
2. 掌握在语词翻译过程中各种词类间的转换技巧
学习参考资料
二、名词与动词之间的转换
7.名词转换为动词
英语中大量由动词派生而来的名词和具有动作意义的名词，在翻译时可以译为汉语的动词。
1汉译英资料
第10周作业三. 做教材练习八、九练习八（一）、将下列句子译成英语，特别注意主语的确定。
1、他（祥子）确乎有点像棵树，坚壮，沉默，而又有生气。
He (Xiangzi) was like a tree indeed, sturdy, silent and full of life.2、自然科学的皇后是数学。
数学的皇冠是数论（number theory）。
哥德巴赫猜想（Goldbach’s conjecture）则是皇冠上的明珠。
The empress of nature science is math. The crown of math is number theory. And Gold Bach’s conjecture is the most precious jewel on the crown.3、母亲一把大剪刀，仿佛裁掉了我童年的忧伤，给我剪出一个原来如此瑰丽的世界。
The big pair of scissors of my mother, with which she seemed to cut off the sorrows of my childhood and cut out for me such a wonderful world.4、哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。
中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。
Harvard is one of the earliest American universities to accept Chinese students. The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have maintained academic exchangeswith the university all the time.5、农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产率低下，这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的困境。
汉英翻译基础教程(课堂)_2023年学习资料
。2.成语：-博而不精extensive in knowledge but not expert in a y particular field-捕风捉影to clutch at shadows-看风使舵to wa ch how the wind blows and steer the rudder accordingl -脚踏实地with one's foot on the ground-狡兔三窟a cunning hare has three warrens-既往不咎let bygones be bygones-寄人篱下to l ve under somebody's roof-灰心丧气to lose heart-沧海一粟a drop in the ocean-冷眼旁观to watch on the side-line with a col stare
3、指称意义对应但忽略语言差异-原文-假朋友-正确译文-农民-Peasant-Farmer-宣传-Prop ganda-Popularize-物美价廉-Cheap and good-Economical and g od-你红光满面。-Your face is very red.-You look healthy and energetic.-他是个“气管炎”。-He suffers from tracheitis.-He i a hen-pecked man.
3.谚语：-趁热打铁strike while the iron is hot.-谪水穿石constant ropping wears the stone.-留得青山在，不怕没柴烧As long as green ills-remain,there will never be a shortage of firewoo .-路遥知马力，日久见人心As distance tests a horse's-strength,so ime reveals a person's heart.-他是不到黄河不死心。He would not top until he-reached the Yellow River-to give up unti all his-hope was gone.-世上无难事只怕有心人Where there is a wi l,there-is a way.
复习资料汉译英
一、中翻英1.中国加入了1,000多个国际组织，其贸易排名已从第22位上升至第11位，并被认为2020年将成为仅次于美国的第二大贸易国。
中国的市场改革推动了长达20多年的前所未有的经济增长，贫困人口从二亿五千万降至五千八百万。
城市人均收入仅在过去的十年中就已上升了550%。
由于中国经济开放，中国人民享有更多的流动自由、更大的择业范围、更好的学校和居住条件。
今天，大多数中国人享有比中国近代历史上任何一个时期都要高的生活水平。
China is a member of more than 1,000 international organization.It has moved from the 22nd largest trading nation to the 11th.It is projected to become 2nd largest trader,after the US,by 2020.Market reforms have spread more than two decades of unprecedented growth. The number of people live in poverty has dropped from 250 million to 58 million. Per capital income in cities has jumped 550% in just past decade as China has opened its economy, its people has enjoyed greater freedom of movement and choice of employment, better schools and housing. Today, most Chinese enjoy a higher standard of living than that any time of Chinese modern history.2.环境污染是当今人们所面临的一个严重的问题。
英语复习资料-汉译英(含英文对照)
汉译英1.不少病入膏肓者为了求得解脱往往要求医生使用致命药物;也有一些病人家属觉得彻底治愈病人已经无望,因此要求医生不要对病人再进行保命式的治疗.最近,"安乐死”这一问题在欧洲国家已酿成一场激烈的大争论.2.人们对“安乐死”可能被人滥用,或不必要使用的担心不无道理,但只要政府和有关方面措施得力,医院严格控制,这个问题最终或许可以得到解决.3.我们这么冒险尝试，无非是为了与自己或与命运堵一把，并从中实现自我之价值。
其后果不是被闹个灰头土脸，就是历经磨难，终成事业，或是一直得到上帝的眷顾，一帆风顺，而后无比自豪。
4.一旦一个人沉溺于赌，他不仅会挥霍掉多年辛勤工作换来的财产，而且也会失去自尊和良知。
所以奉劝这类人赶紧打住停手，脱离无穷的烦恼。
5.笑扮演的作用与角色比人们想象的复杂，发笑的原因众说纷纭。
6.我们为什么笑？令人信服的解释有待更多的证明。
但全世界人们都相信笑有很多好处。
笑能使人们保持身心健康，笑可以作为人与人之间交流的润滑剂，因为研究表明人们在社交场合中笑的可能性比独处时大，笑能消除人们之间的障碍，建立相互之间的联系。
7. 语言是价值观念体系和文化表达形式的载体，是团体和个人身份的决定性因素。
然而，据估计，世界上6000种语言中，超过50%的语言都处在消亡的边缘。
事实上，平均每两个星期就有一种语言消亡。
造成语言消亡的原因是多方面的，但英语在全球盛行难辞其咎，它的一统天下是令人担忧的。
8.有大量证据表明，美国在许多方面无疑都扮演着全球领头羊的角色。
它在输出其高科技产品和商业产品的同时，也在潜移默化地向世界兜售美国的价值观念。
9.从全球范围来看，环保运动已经开展了数十年，公众的环保意识也已相应地提高了。
但尽管如此，地球母亲的健康仍在以史无前例的速度恶化。
许多人不禁要问人类何时才能扭转局势。
10.在过去的几十年里，由于不遵循基本的生态原则，一些欠发达国家虽取得了快速的经济增长，却牺牲了环境。
四级翻译练习资料-汉译英
新四级汉译英段落翻译练习1近百年来，中国发生了巨大变化，中国社会经过漫长的封建时期，半封建、半殖民地时期进入了社会主义社会。
这具有历史意义的变化使中国家庭的结构也改变了。
人口众多的大家庭开始分成较小的家庭和直系家庭，总的趋势是出现了越来越多的核心家庭。
During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in China. The Chinese society, which had gone through the long feudal period, and later the semi-colonial, semi-feudal period, had turned into a socialist society. This historic change has led to changes in the Chinese family structure. Large families began to divide into smaller extended families and stem families, with the trend pointing toward the emergence of more and more nuclear families.2目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏，美丽的大自然已经不那么美丽了。
保护野生动物，也就是保护人娄自己。
我强烈呼吁：不要再捕杀黑猩猩，不要再捕杀野生动物了，让我们人类多一些地球上的朋友，多给我们下一代保留一些野生动物吧! 否则，地球将毁灭在人类手中，人类将毁灭在自己手中。
At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful. Protection of wild life is protection of man himself. So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal. Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future generations. Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.3越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。
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1.在17世纪和18世纪，中国的艺术、建筑和哲学在西方很受欣赏。
此外，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器在西方也备受欣赏，并在一定程度上改变了许多西方人的生活方式。
进入20世纪后期，西方人再次转向中国文化。
他们除了喜欢中国菜肴外，还学习汉语，尝试中国医药，练习中国武术，观看功夫电影。
In the 17th and 18th centuries，Chinese art，architecture and philosophy were very much admired in the West．In addition，Chinese silk，tea and porcelain were enjoyed a great deal， which transformed westerner's way of life to a certain extent．Since the late 20th century， people of the West have turned again to Chinese culture．Apart from the love of Chinese food， they are learning the Chinese language，trying Chinese medicine，practicing Chinese martial arts，and watching Chinese kongfu films as well．2.随着我国社会经济的迅猛发展、人民生活水平的提高和医疗卫生事业的改善，我国老年人口明显增多。
不少人对此忧心忡忡。
但有识之士指出，我们不仅要看到人口老龄化所带来的巨大的压力，也要看到人口龄化背后所蕴涵的商机以及老年人丰富的智力、经验等资源，要将压力变为机遇。
With the rapid development of the social economy in China, people's living standards and medical industry are improved. Many people are severely worried about the increasing number of older people. Men of insight say that it brings us not only the enormous pressure, but also great opportunities behind it as well as abundant resources of olders such as the intelligence and experience. We must turn pressure into opportunity.3.与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。
中国的文学正是发端于此。
不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。
我们只能从一些古籍书中推断它们的存在。
古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定朝代的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。
从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。
Long before the emergence of the written word,ballads,accompanied by mus ic and dance,and myths,passed around by word of mouth,were widely popular .Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions.However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life,and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times,they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.Today,we can only deduce their existence from ancient books,which recorded some time-honored ballads,though most of these are belived to be derivatives of later generations.Ballads in the Book of Songs are the earliest writings that can be dated.From this point of view,ancient mythology obviously has had a great influen ce on Chinese literature.4.随着社会的发展，人类对水的需求不断增加，但可供人类使用的水资源却急剧减少。
水资源危机所带来的生态系统恶化等问题严重威胁着人类的生存，如何更有效地利用水资源, 推进水资源的可持续开发和保护，已经成为世界各国共同面对的紧迫问题。
With the fast development of th e society, man’s demand for water has continuously increased. But the source from which water can be provided to man has been sharply reduced. The problems caused by water shortage such as worsening bio-system have become serious threats to man’s existence. How to make effective use of water resources and to promote the sustainable development and protection of water has become a common pressing problem faced by all the countries in the world.5.除了干旱时期，人们从不把水看成是宝贵的自然资源。
因为我们想当然地以为水和空气一样的不值钱。
然而由于人口增加以及可怕的浪费，在当今世界的许多地方，供水已成为一大挑战，而且是一个严重的社会问题。
如果我们的政府不采取积极有效的措施来解决这个问题，在不久的将来，我们就会面临缺水的灾难。
Except in times of drought ,water has never been regarded as a valuable natural resources since for we take it for granted that water, like air, is cheap and can be found everywhere. However, partly because of the increased population and partly because of awful waste, water supply has become a great challenge in many parts of the world,and shortage of water has been a serious social problem. If our government doesn’t take active and effective measures to solve this problem, we will face disaster in the near future.6.环境与发展，是当今国际社会普遍关注的问题。
人类经过漫长的奋斗历程，特别是从产业革命以来，在改造自然和发展经济方面建树了辉煌的业绩。
与此同时，由于工业化过程中的处置失当，尤其是不合理地开发利用自然资源，造成了全球性的环境污染和生态破坏，对人类的生存和发展构成了现实威胁。
保护生态环境，实现持续发展，已成为全世界紧迫而艰巨的任务。
Environment and development are two major concerns of the international community. Through its arduous efforts of many years, especially those made since the Industrial Revolution, mankind has made brilliant achievements in transforming nature and developing economy. Yet neglect of environment in the course of industrialization, particularly the irrational exploitation and utilization of resources has caused global environmental pollution and ecological degradation posing a real threat to the survival and development of mankind. It is therefore an urgent and formidable task for all countries around the world to protect theecological environment and maintain a sustainable development.7.我认为总结一下学习英语的经验是值得一试的。
这里，我想谈谈三个相关的问题。
首先，大量阅读应视作学习过程中的重点，因为我们是通过阅读获取大量语言输入的。
其次，尽可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。
一方面，死记硬背确实无甚裨益，但另一方面，在真正理解基础上的熟记肯定对我们有好处。
大脑中储存了大量很好的文章，我们在用英语表达自己理想的时候，就会觉得容易多了。