美国教育革命 evolution of education

Elementary Schools….
• Public School - An early term to differentiate between schools, P.S. 84 • Primary School - really refers to schools with grades 1, 2 and 3
Dame Schools
• Reading and writing was often taught in dame schools, especially for females. Dame schools were often conducted in kitchens. Students learned only the rudiments while the homemaker worked.
The Evolution of American Education
European Settlers
Plymouth (1620)
Jamestown (1607)
Jamestown (1607)
• Settlers were “gentleman” and fortune seekers • Came to find riches – gold, spices, furs
• Colleges were established to train ministers and government leaders • Some proficiency in Latin and Greek was needed for admission • Curriculum emphasized classics and the liberal arts • No sciences or practical subjects were taught
• 1646 - Virginia passed similar law
Old Deluder Satan Act
• 1647 - Massachusetts • Towns with 50 families had to have a teacher to teach reading and writing
• Didn‟t know farming, land was owned by the company
Plymouth (1620)
• Pilgrims came seeking religious freedom • Some knowledge of farming –No plows during the first 12 years
Our European Heritage
• Seven Liberal Arts –Trivium • Grammar • Rhetoric • Dialectic
More Liberal Arts
• Quadrivium
• Arithmetic • Geometry • Astronomy • Music
Higher Education . . .
• • • • • Harvard - 1638 William and Mary - 1693 Yale - 1701 Princeton - 1746 (Presbyterian) Columbia - 1754 (Episcopal)
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Higher Education. . .
Education in Colonial America
• • • • Apprenticeships Dame Schools Latin Grammar Schools Higher Education
Apprenticeships
• 1642 - Massachusetts Bay Colony law • If children were not being educated properly, the town leaders would apprentice the child
– Latin, Greek
• Rote memorization • Strict discipline
What is it?
What is it?
• A whipping post. These were outside the school house and students were tied to it to receive whippings.
Dame Schools
• Women were expected to stick to their knitting and not meddle in “such things as are proper for men, whose minds are stronger.”
Higher Education
Old Deluder Satan Act
• Towns with 100 families had to establish a grammar school (college prep)
Latin Grammar Schools
• For the elite • Teachers were ministers or transients • Curriculum
• Brown - 1764 (Baptist) • Rutgers - 1766 (Dutch Reformed) • Dartmouth - 1769 (Congregationalists)
Elementary Schools
• District School - one elementary school in a school district, New England origin, term is now obsolete • Common School - a school, elementary or secondary, that was available to all students