初级英语语法之代名词知识点总结

代名词

单数复数

所有格受格主格所有格受格

第一人称I my me we our us 第二人称you your you you your you

第三人称he his him

they their them she her her

it its

it

※第一人称→说话者

第二人称→听话者

第三人称→第一人称及第二人称话题中提到者

主格+动词

所有格+名词

一般动词+受格/介系词+受格

例：

1. He likes sports. (他喜欢运动。)

2. His friends are over there. (他的朋友们在那里。)

那女孩非常爱她。)

◎it可表示天候、时间、距离

例：l. It rains a lot in Taipei in spring. (it表天候)

(台北春天下很多雨。)

2. It was two o'clock when he came back home. (it表时间)

(他两点回到家。)

3. It is five kilometers from here to the airport. (it表距离)

(从这里到机场距离是5公里。)

◎it表示某一状况→此时多半是说话的人及听话的人都能了解的特定状况。

例：1. A: Who knocked at the door? (谁敲门？)

B: I thought it was Jack. (我想是Jack。)

2. It's all up to you. (一切由你决定。)

3. I like it here. (我喜欢这里。)

4. I don't feel like it. (我不想。)

◎It可以当假主词→代替一件事

例：1. It is difficult to learn Spanish. (西班牙文很难学。)

(假主词)

2. It's important that you should tell the truth. (你该说实话，这很重要。)

(假主词)

3. It's no use telling him about it.(告诉他这件事是没用的。

)

例：1. We had a heavy rain yesterday. (昨天下了一场大雨。)

2. You don't see many Chinese there. (在那里看不到许多中国人。)

3. They speak English in Canada. (在加拿大说英语。)

所有代名词

数 格

人称

单数

复数

所有格 所有代名词 所有格 所有代名词 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称 your yours your yours 第三人称

his his their

theirs

her hers its

its

◎ 所有代名词=所有格+名词

例：1. Your house is bigger than mine (=my house). (你家比我家大。)

2. My bicycles are here and his (=his bicycles) are there. (我的脚踏车在这里，而他的在那里。)

※所有代名词所代替的名词，要与前者提到的名词单、复数相同。 ◎ 伴随双重所有格：

→⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭

冠词、所有格不可同时放在名词前指示形容词、不定形容词 例：I met one of my old friends on the way home. (我在回家途中遇到我的一位老朋友。)

= an old friend of mine

◎ 名词的所有代名词=所有格

例：My dog is black, and Jason's is white. (我的狗是黑的，而Jason 的是白的。)

= Jason's dog

第一、二人称→所有格+ self(单数) / selves(复数) 第三人称→受格+ self(单数) / selves(复数)

单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves

第三人称

himself

themselves

herself itself

例：l. You always talk to yourself. (你老是自言自语。)

2. The little girl hurt herself. (这小女孩受伤了。)

3. He can do it by himself. (他能够独自做这件事。) (强调句:He himself can do it.)

4. I saw the singer himself. (我看见那位歌手本人。)

指示代名词

用来指示人或事物的代名诃，称之为指示代名词。

◎一般用法

用于人或事物。离说话者距离近者用this(these)；距离远者用that(those)。

例：1. This is my mask, and that is Mary's. (这是我的面具，而那是Mary的。)

2. Who is this? (你是谁？)→电话用语。

Who was that on the telephone? (电话上那人是谁？)

3. Things are easier these days. (这几天事情简单多了。)

◎代替用法

代替已经叙述过的字。代替单数名词用that；代替复数名词用those。但this(these)无此用法。

例：1. The weather in Taipei is cooler than the weather in Kaohsiung.

=The weather in Taipei is cooler than that in Kaohsiung. (台北的天气比高雄凉爽。)

2. Her interests are different from the interests of her childhood.

=Her interests are different from those of her childhood. (她现在的兴趣和她童年时的不同。)

作为动词的受词或补语，指前面出现过的字或是句子。

例：l. A: Will it be fine tomorrow. (明天天气好吗？)

B: I hope so. (我希望如此。)

(=I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.)

2. Do you still feel sick? If so, you must see the doctor.

(你仍然不舒服吗？如果是的话，你必须看医师。)

3. Nancy can play the violin, and so can I. (Nancy会拉小提琴，而我也会。)

※She is smart. So she is. (她很聪明。她的确如此。)

She is smart. So is he. (她很聪明。他也是。)

有“那样的事物(人)”之意，可当代名词、形容词，也可用于单复数。

例：1. They will plant flowers such as roses, sunflowers. (他们将种些花，例如玫瑰，向日葵。)

2. I don't know such a man. (我不认识这样的人。)

※such(+a)(+形容词)+名词

3. Have you tasted any such food before? (你以前曾经尝试过任何这样的食物吗？)

※such前可接all、other、another、any、few、every、no等。

一般都加the，表示“相同的……(事物)”之意。

例：l. A: Can I have a cup of coffee, please? (请给我杯咖啡好吗？)

B: Give me the same, please. (我也要咖啡。)

2. He uses the same typewriter as I do. (他使用和我相同的打字机。)

不定代名词

表示不特定的人或物，或者是表示非一定数量的代名词，称作不定代名词。有时也具有形容词的用法。

例：1. Some of the boys like English. (这些男孩当中有些喜欢英文)