2018届上海市普陀区高三质量调研(一模)英语试题 及答案
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。
2 2018届普陀区高三英语一模(作文有范文)
普陀区 2017 学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Mother and child. B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and secretary.2. A. They like reading today’s paper.B. They are interested in today’s paper.C. They found nothing interesting in today’s paper.D. They have no idea what the paper is about.3. A. In the concert. B. In the theatre. C. In the exhibition. D. In the studio.4. A. Getting ready to board a plane.B. Queuing up for the check-in.C. Meeting friends at the arrivals.D. Waiting at the baggage claim area.5. A. The man doesn’t care which colour is chosen.B. The woman prefers the colour.C. The man is concerned about the colour.D. The man intends to choose a different colour.6. A. Doing a lot of homework. B. Staying focused in class.C. Sleeping for a short break.D. Devoting all her spare time to learning.7. A. He was chairman of the club.B. He wanted to learn a new language.C. He wanted to know more about the club.D. He was interested in international advertisement.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its structure is not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the writing skills.10. A. She likes watching instead of playing. B. She is a good team sports player.C. She doesn’t like any kind of sports.D. She likes taking part in team sports.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. It contains protein. B. It contains water.C. It helps the brain work properly.D. A full stomach leads to a good sleep.12. A. Sleep helps the brain control the senses.B. Sleep promotes rest.C. Sleep helps the brain revise and store information.D. Sleep reduces tiredness.13. A. Factors related to memory development. B. The importance of a good memory.C. The importance of improving memory.D. The misery caused by a poor memory.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following weather forecast.14. A. Mountainous Area. B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Southern Europe.15. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy.C. Rainy.D. Fine.16. A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C. Central parts of the Mediterranean.D. Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A university tutor. B. An insurance adviser.C. An overseas study officer.D. A visa officer.18. A. It is purchased in the country you will travel.B. It provides just a few kinds of medical services.C. It provides doctors who may speak your native language.D. It offers sufficient cash to pay the entire bill on the spot.19. A. It must be purchased in one’s home country before going abroad.B. It does not cover the minor medical expenses.C. It only recommends native doctors when you are aboard.D. It features personal paying first and getting money later.20. A. Consult other insurance companies.B. Buy the student health insurance.C. Get the international travel insurance.D. Choose neither insurance since it is not a must.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom, kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21) _____ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental RV, RV dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22) ______ (leave) serving the New York metropolitan area. Mr. Troiano is on track (23) ______ (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound (反弹) is mostly (24) ______ ______ the economy’s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of theRecreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn’t indicate a bright future. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants, (25) ______ are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano’s most recent big sale was to (26) ______ rich Asian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales —last year less than 1% of RVs produced domestically (27) ______ (ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China’s government, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American.RV manufacturers are also marketing the concept (28) ______ their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure vehicles. They (29) ______ allow travelling salesmen, businessmen to save on food and hotel costs. (30) ______ you park it, it can be your office, as well as your home.Section B 10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din （喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone —but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing ____31____ with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem — the slower ____32____ speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible (可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians．And a new study of auditory training with a ____33____ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science’s“Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their ____34____ after the same amount of time．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was ____35____ by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of ____36____ hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and ____37____ between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings．All of the participants showed improvement in these three ____38____, but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was ____39____ by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to ____40____ to the sound — bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels．III. Reading ComprehensionSection A 15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Depression: Second Biggest Cause of Disability in the WorldDepression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research. The disease must be treated as a global public health __41__, experts report in the journal PLOSMedicine. The study __42__ clinical depression with more than 200 other diseases and injuries as a cause of disability. Globally, only a small proportion of patients have __43__ to treatment, the World Health Organization says.Depression was __44__ at number two as a global cause of disability, but its impact varies in different countries and regions. __45__, rates of major depression were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. In the UK, depression was rated at number three __46__ years lived with a disability.Dr. Alize Ferrari from the University of Queensland’s School of Population Health led the study. “Depression is a big problem and we __47__ need to pay more attention to it than we are now,” she told BBC News. There’s still more work to be done in arousing awareness of the disease and also in __48__ successfu l ways of treating it.“The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and __49__ in high income countries.” Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there was a lot more work to be done, she added. “There’s lots of stigma (病症) we know __50__ with mental health,” she explained.“What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well. There are lots of cultural __51__ and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all the more important to __52__awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to __53__ it.”The data — for the year 2010 — follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.Commenting on the study, Dr. Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization said depression was a very disabling condition. “It’s a big public health __54__and a big problem to be reflected on but not enough is being done.” Around the world only a tiny __55__ of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.41. A. concern B. issue C. priority D. discussion42. A. compared B. combined C. confused D. contacted43. A. objection B. access C. adaptation D. contribution44. A. considered B. evaluated C. determined D. ranked45. A. For example B. In addition C. In other words D. All in all46. A. in regard of B. in name of C. in terms of D. in face of47. A. probably B. definitely C. significantly D. randomly48. A. coming up with B. making up C. putting up with D. consisting of49. A. severer B. heavier C. lighter D. lower50. A. related B. associated C. relevant D. close51. A. ingredients B. interactions C. implications D. identities52. A. remove B. recreate C. raise D. rise53. A. avoid B. treat C. cure D. detect54. A. challenge B. agreement C. prediction D. outcome55. A. amount B. proportion C. quantity D. populationSection B 22%Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Digital Etiquette (礼节)Digital Etiquette, or netiquette, is a set of rules for how to behave online. It’s a lot like life etiquette, which isbasically having good manners and treating others with respect. It’s just as important in our digital lives, including how we act in online games or how we communicate in emails, texts, instant messages and on social networking websites. All of these platforms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.Unfortunately, some people can lose control the second they jump online. When they disagree with someone, or have strong feeling about a topic, they end up saying stuff they’d never say in person! They may send ruder emails and IMs or try to start arguments on message boards. That’s called flaming, and it can lead to full-on flamewars, insulting arguments between two or more users.On the Internet, it’s pretty easy to stay anonymous, or unidentified. Having a secret identity to hide behind can make people pretty brave. And when all they see of you is screen name or a funny icon, they might forget that they’re dealing with a real human bein g!The principle is simple: Just like in real life, you should treat other people the way you want to be treated. You wouldn’t want somebody to be rude to you, so don’t be rude to anyone else.Of course, netiquette isn’t just about being nice; it’s also a bout communicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and to the point. It also means making your messages easy to read and understand, which can depend on your audience. For instance, some abbreviations and emoticons may be fine with friends. But they’re generally not appropriate in formal communication. And whatever you do, don’t write in all capital letters! W riting in all caps makes it seem like you’re yelling.Lastly, make sure you ask permission before posting anything about your friends on a blog or a social networking site. People’s personal information is private, and you can really ruin relationships if you post something that a friend —or a friend’s parents —don’t want on the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is not a priva te place; if you wouldn’t want a parent, teacher or future employer to see something you post, don’t post it!56. According to the passage, the users of social media are advised ______.A. to trigger arguments on message boardsB. to behave online with common courtesyC. to be respectful of others online rather than offlineD. to apply abbreviations and emoticons as many as possible57. Why might an anonymous Internet user feel bold enough to say horrible things in response to a blog post?A. Because he can make more friends if he says mean things.B. Because he knows his friends will recognize him and think better of him.C. Because he can insult others and not worry about revenge.D. Because he can impress older, smarter people with his remarks.58. Which of the following is the best way to text your uncle to say you’ll be back in an hour?A. B. B.59. Which of the following is a clear rule about posting photos online?A. If you take a photograph, it is yours to do as you please online.B. Information about your friends, including photographs, is private.C. It’s illegal to post pictures online without permission from people in the pictures.are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesita tion. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by s unlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy (配置) a superintelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的) or cyber, with unbelievable power.Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AI are likely to perceive (感知) themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.63. When an intelligent machine becomes smarter than humanity, ______.A. it will make itself better and may go beyond human controlB. it will help people to the fullest, especially in physical workC. it will threaten people by robbing them of jobsD. it will view itself as human race64. The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as “______”.A. connectionB. hatredC. competitionD. disagreement65. How is the passage mainly developed?A. By making comparisons.B. By showing valid evidence.C. By giving assumptions.D. By analyzing statistics.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. For the God’s sake, stop AI and be yourselves!B. Can we build AI without losing control over it?C. For or against AI, that is the question!D. How does superintelligence serve the people?Section C 8%Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Parenting Anxiety RelievedWomen are insecure because there is no commonly accepted idea of what it means to be a good mother. Fathers have it easier in this regard; they just have to show up and they are automatically considered “good”, whereas mothers are always trying to prove to themselves and the world that they aren’t “bad”. _______67_______In some ways, things are getting worse. Years ago, a woman was allowed five years to shape her child’s personality. In recent years, however, some psychologists tell mothers that the first three years of life are the most important, while others think that all critical events happen during the first year.Ironically, this panic about doing the right thing to produce the perfect child is probably the worst thing for the child and the parent. _______68_______ Here is why.First, it is not harmful to children if their mothers work. Mothers who neglect their own need and abilities for the sake of their children do not benefit their children, their marriage or themselves.Second, there is no crucial moment or stage in early childhood in which a child’s fate is determined forever. _______69_______ Children are more flexible than that.Research also finds that some children who have had the best parental care and guidance later give in to drugs, addiction, mental illness or violence. _______70_______ Bet ween the parents’ best efforts and the resulting child lie other factors: the child’s nature, genetically influenced characters, experiences outside the family and the child’s knowledge of events. Parents can help an inborn shy child learn to cope better i n situations that make the child anxious, but they aren’t going to turn her into Britney Spears.IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” t hat matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise.Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SATscores — one marker of elite colleges —didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to seve ral elite schools but didn’t attend them — either because of rejection or by their own choice — are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.众所周知, 与他人和睦相处是生活幸福的要素之一。
2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷-教师用卷
2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷-教师用卷2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷副标题一、单选题（本大题共20小题，共20.0分）1.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others？（）A. Don't put your feet on my s eat!B. We will r each Beijing in 2 hoursC. What's the m eaning of this word？D. Could I have some noodles inst ead of rice？【答案】D【解析】答案：D．s eat的音标是[siːt]；r each 的音标是[riːtʃ]；m eaning 的音标是['miːnɪŋ]；inst ead 的音标是[ɪn'sted]，因此可知inst ead 的音标与其他三项不一样，故选D．下面划线部分的发音哪一个与其他的不一样．首先要掌握单词的发音，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．2.Mike goes for walk after dinner in the garden every day．（）A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few【答案】B【解析】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是迈克每天晚饭后在花园里散一会步．后面是不可数名词，表示肯定的含义，故选B一点，一些．A几乎没有，C很少，修饰可数名词，D一些，修饰可数名词．迈克每天晚饭后在花园里散一会步．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．3.Bill is a new comer in this neighbourhood and has friends here，so he feels lonely．（）A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few【答案】C【解析】答案：C．a little．"一点"，用于不可数名词前，little"几乎没有"（否定意义），用于不可数名词前；a few"一点"，用于可数名词复数前，few"几乎没有"（否定意义），用于可数名词复数前．由下句so he feels lonely"因此他感到很孤独"可知，他没有朋友，friends 是可数名词的复数，故用few ，由题干"比尔在这个邻区里是一个新来的，在这儿没有朋友，因此他感到孤独．"可知，故应选择C．比尔在这个邻区里是一个新来的，在这儿没有朋友，因此他感到孤独．本题考查了词的辨析，在熟知所供词的基础上，根据句意，从而判断出正确答案．4.Let's have a rest the time being，then we will continue to discuss the plan．（）A. onB. inC. atD. for【答案】D1 / 17【解析】答案：D 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是让我们暂时休息一下，然后我们将继续讨论这个计划．这里考查短语for the time being暂时，故选D．让我们暂时休息一下，然后我们将继续讨论这个计划．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．5.Many kind people often visit the young patients in the children's hospital to cheep up．（）A. theyB. themC. theirD. theirs【答案】B【解析】答案：B．they意思是"他们"主格，作主语；them意思是"他们"宾格，作宾语；their意思是"他们的"形容词性物主代词；theirs意思是"他们的"名词性物主代词．根据"Many kind people often visit the young patients in the children's hospital to cheep up．"宾语是the young patients ，这对年轻的父母在儿童医院里，因此可知这句话的意思是"许多善良的人经常去儿童医院看望这对年轻的父母去让他们振作起来．"故选B．许多善良的人经常去儿童医院看望这对年轻的父母去让他们振作起来．首先要掌握这个句子的意思，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．6.The tree on sides of the road were decorated beautifully at Christmas（）A. allB. neitherC. anyD. both【答案】D【解析】答案：D 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是在圣诞节路的两边都被装饰得非常漂亮．后面是复数名词，且路有两边，故选D两者都．A三者或三者以上都，B两者都不，C一些．在圣诞节路的两边都被装饰得非常漂亮．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答． president Donald Trump started his visit China November8，2017．（）A. withB. inC. onD. of【答案】C【解析】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是美国总统唐纳德•特朗普2017年11月8日开始访问中国．具体的某一天用介词on，故选C．美国总统唐纳德•特朗普2017年11月8日开始访问中国．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．8.When the flood broke out，college students joined the volunteer group one after ．（）A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. the others【答案】A【解析】答案：A．another意思是"又一，再一"；other意思是"别的，其他的"；others是others的复数形式；the others是the other的复数形式．空格前面的词语是 one after，结合给出的四个选项，因此可知这句话的意思是"当洪水爆发的时候，大学生一个接一个的加入了志愿团队．"one after another意思是"一个接一个"故选A．当洪水爆发的时候，大学生一个接一个的加入了志愿团队．2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷-教师用卷首先要掌握这个句子的意思，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．9.It's much to carry the computers around as they are becoming smaller and smaller．（）A. easyB. easierC. easiestD. the easiest【答案】B【解析】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是当计算机变得越来越小时，携带计算机要容易得多．这里与后面的becoming smaller and smaller变得越来越小形成对比，用比较级，故选B．当计算机变得越来越小时，携带计算机要容易得多．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．10.It is hard to review the knowledge we learn in class we take notes．（）A. IfB. unlessC. whenD. after【答案】B【解析】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是很难在课堂上复习我们学到的知识除非我们做笔记．故选B除非，如果不．A如果，C何时，D之后．很难在课堂上复习我们学到的知识除非我们做笔记．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．11.We feel so proud that our country has developed than before．（）A. quickB. quicklyC. more quicklyD. most quickly【答案】C【解析】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是我们的国家比以前发展得更快了，我们感到如此骄傲．后面than是比较级的标志，修饰动词develop用副词quickly的比较级，故选C．我们的国家比以前发展得更快了，我们感到如此骄傲．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．12.Doris dancing in the school club for about ten months and can dance well now．（）A. is learningB. will learnC. learnsD. has learned【答案】D【解析】答案：D．现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在．它的构成是：主语+have/has +动词的过去分词．根据"for about ten months "大约十个月了，因此可知学跳舞这个事情，开始于过去，一直延续了十个月，还有可能延续下去，因此可知要用现在完成时来填空，所以这句话的意思是"多里斯已经在学校里学跳舞大约十个月了，现在能跳的很好了．"故选D．多里斯已经在学校里学跳舞大约十个月了，现在能跳的很好了．首先要掌握这个句子的意思，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．13.My memory is so bad these days．I keep what I've just said．（）A. forgetB. to forgetC. forgettingD. forgot【答案】C3 / 17【解析】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是这些天我的记忆力太差了，我一直忘了刚才说的话．考查短语keep doing，故选C．这些天我的记忆力太差了，我一直忘了刚才说的话．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．14.Beautiful songs and excellent performance let the audience excited．（）A. feelB. to feelC. feelingD. felt【答案】A【解析】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是优美的歌声和精彩的表演让观众感到兴奋．考查短语let sb．do，故选A感觉．优美的歌声和精彩的表演让观众感到兴奋．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．15.It is relaxing a shower after a day's hard work．（）A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken【答案】C【解析】答案：C．考查不定式．A动词原形．B动名词．C不定式．D过去分词．it is+形容词+to do sth做某事是…固定搭配．不定式是真正主语．选C．一天的辛苦工作后洗澡是一种放松．不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语．要结合语境选择合适用法，注意一些固定搭配．16.Kevin promises that if anyone has difficulties in the job，he the first one to help．（）A. will beB. would beC. wasD. a few【答案】A【解析】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是凯文承诺，如果有人在工作中遇到困难，他可以是第一个提供帮助的人．动作发生在将来，用一般将来时，故选A．凯文承诺，如果有人在工作中遇到困难，他可以是第一个提供帮助的人．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．17.-- will the visitors arrive at our school？In about 40minutes．（）A. How longB. How soonC. How muchD. How far【答案】B【解析】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是多久后参观者将到达我们的学校？大约40分钟后．这是一个一般将来时的特殊疑问句，故选B多久以后，回答常用介词in+一段时间，表示将来的含义．A多长，C多少，D多远．多久后参观者将到达我们的学校？大约40分钟后．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．18.The government says actions be taken to stop child abuse（虐待儿童）in the kindergarten（）A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should【答案】D2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷-教师用卷【解析】答案：D．may "可能，可以"，can"能，会，能够"，would"将要，愿意"，should"应该，应当"．由be taken to stop child abuse（虐待儿童）in the kindergarten．被开始阻止在幼儿园虐待儿童．前面是应该被．should be．由题干"政府说行动应该被开始阻止在幼儿园虐待儿童．"可知，故答案应选D．政府说行动应该被开始阻止在幼儿园虐待儿童．本题考查情态动词的用法，在熟知所供词的含义基础上与句子的语境相结合，判断出正确答案．19.----I think I can manage myself，but thank you all the same．（）A. Anything I can do to help？B. Did you enjoy your holiday in London，Jill？C. Let's take a short breakD. Imagine what may happen in the future【答案】A【解析】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是有什么我可以帮忙的吗？我想我能应付，但还是要谢谢你．故选A有什么我可以帮忙的吗？B姬尔，你在伦敦过得愉快吗？C让我们休息一会儿．D想象一下将来会发生什么．有什么我可以帮忙的吗？我想我能应付，但还是要谢谢你．解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．20.--In my opinion，we should help the old in our neighbourhood as often as possible．（）--A. Never mindB. I think so，tooC. That's all rightD. Yes，please【答案】B【解析】答案：B．考查交际用语．A没关系．B我也这么想．C没关系．D是的，请．结合语境"依我看，我们应该尽可能经常地帮助我们附近的老人．"．可知，应该是"我也这么想．"．选B．--依我看，我们应该尽可能经常地帮助我们附近的老人．--我也这么想．考查交际用语，在日常学习中要从实际情景交际中多练习，掌握一些习惯用语．结合语境，分析选项，选择正确的回答，完成练习．二、完形填空（本大题共6小题，共9.0分）Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）In today's English class，students had a speech competition．They talked about whether e-books should take the place of print books．The following are the speeches given by two students．Joshua Lee：While many people argue that e-books don't feel the same as"real"books we should consider that the printing industry does a lot of harm to our(21)．Producing books means cutting down millions of trees for paper，and the processes of printing requires a great deal of energy．E-books need no papers at all．They will probably(22) our use of energy and natural resources．(23)，e-books allow people to get information more easily．E-books can be stored and selected form huge digital libraries．These libraries can hold many more books than a traditional5 / 17bookstore or library can．People can quickly find and read their books on an e-reader at any time and in any place．Joy Pamnani：I strongly believe that print books must(24)．In my opinion，e-books have many disadvantages，E-books aren't as environmentally friendly as you think．A common argument used by e-book supporters is that e-books save paper．But isn't it also true that there's more carbon being let out by the electronic devices（设备）？Since you have to spend extra money on those devices before you can buy and read e-books，they aren't(25)at all．Besides，you can't easily write notes on an e-reader，and you can't read anything when they run out of battery．E-books are unhealthy too．The light given off by these devices can lead to(26) problem．A study showed it took e-book readers an average of ten minutes longer to fall asleep than those who read print books．21. A. tradition B. environment C. health D. culture22. A. reduce B. protect C. describe D. limit23. A. As a result B. By the way C. On one hand D. What's more24. A. change B. help C. stay D. return25. A. cheap B. useful C. interesting D. different26. A. reading B. memory C. sleep D. eating．【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】D 【小题4】C 【小题5】A 【小题6】C【解析】75．答案：B．考查名词．A传统．B环境．C健康．D文化．句意"印刷业对我们的__造成了很大的损害．"．根据下一句Producing books means cutting down millions of trees for paper生产书籍意味着砍倒数以百万计的树木用于造纸．可知，应该是"环境"，选B．76．答案：A．考查动词．A减少．B保护．C描述．D限制．句意"他们可能会__我们对能源和自然资源的利用．"．根据上一句E-books need no papers at all电子书根本不需要纸．可知，应该是"减少"．选A．77．答案：D．考查搭配．A结果．B顺便地．C一方面．D另外．句意"___，电子书让人们更容易获取信息．"．根据上一句They will probably reduce our use of energy and natural resources．他们可能会减少我们对能源和自然资源的利用．可知，应该是"另外"，选D．78．答案：C．考查动词．A改变．B帮助．C停留．D返回．句意"我坚信印刷书籍必须__．"．根据下一句In my opinion，e-books have many disadvantages，E-books aren't as environmentally friendly as you think在我看来，电子书有很多缺点，电子书不像你想象的那么环保．可知应该是"留下来"．选C．79．答案：A．考查形容词．A便宜的．B有用的．C有趣的．D不同的．句意"它们一点也不__．"．根据上一句Since you have to spend extra money on those devices before you can buy and read e-books因为在购买和阅读电子书之前，你必须在这些设备上多花些钱．可知，应该是"便宜的"．选A．80．答案：C．考查名词．A读．B记忆．C睡觉、睡眠．D吃．句意"这些设备发出的光会导致__问题．"．根据下一句A study showed it took e-book readers an average of ten minutes longer to fall asleep than those who read print books．一项研究表明读电子书阅读者比读纸质书籍的人多花费十分钟入睡．可知，应该是"睡眠"问题．选C．文章大意：这是一篇议论文，主要介绍在今天的英语课上，学生们进行了演讲比赛，他2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷-教师用卷们讨论电子书是否应该取代印刷书籍．作者列举了一些学生的意见，指出了电子书的优缺点．完形填空题型，抓住文章的大意，挑出信息词．同时凭借自己掌握的语法知识和一般的常识，兼顾人称、性别、单复数、语法和时态等等语法的因素，从语法的结构方面考虑答案．细心检查，避免疏漏．三、阅读理解（本大题共6小题，共12.0分）AChoose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）Basic PhotographyThis is an eight-four course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera．The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film，light，and lenses（镜头．Bring your own 35mm camera to class．Course Charge：150Jan 9，11，16，18，Tues & Thurs.6-8pmMarianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines．This twelve-hour course is for people who don't know much about computers，but who need to learn about them．You will learn what computers are，what they can and can't do，and how to use them．；Course Charge：75 Equipment Charge：10 Jan 6，13，20，27，Sat 9-12amJoseph Saimders is professor of computer science at New Area University．He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field．Stop SmokingHave you already tried to stop smoking and failed？Now it's the time to stop smoking using the latest methods．You can stop smoking without pain or any medicine and this twelve-hour course will help you do it．Course Charge：30Jan.8，15，22，29，Mon.4-7pmJohn Goode is an experienced doctor who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking．TypingThis course on weekdays is for those who want to learn to type as well as those who want to improve their typing．You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels．This allows you to learn at your own speed．Each program lasts 20hours．Bring your own paper．Course Charge：125Materials Charge：125Two hours each evening for two weeks.\This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before．7 / 17If you are interested，please call 5647 8833，or contact us at www．Redstar．comYou can also fill the form given and mail is to 781N．Blue Lake Street，Green Island．27.You need to pay ______ if you want to learn something about taking picturesA. 30B. 75C. 125D. 15028.Which can be filled in the"________"as the title for the second course？______A. Designing computersB. Communicating onlineC. Understanding computersD. Learning computer games29.If you take the third course，you can give up smoking ______ ．A. in a more pleasant wayB. with the help of Joseph SaimdeC. by taking the latest medicineD. in twelve hours30.You'll be given a test in the first typing class so that you can know ______ ．A. how many hours of classes you should take in two weeksB. which typing skill level you are atC. what kind of business you should learnD. how much you need to pay for each program31.This advertisement is probably made by a/an ______ ．A. travel agencyB. amusement parkC. exhibition-centreD. training centre32.The advertiser has offered ______ ways to contact them．A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five．【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】C 【小题3】A 【小题4】B 【小题5】D 【小题6】B【解析】69．D 细节考查题．根据第一个广告内容"Course Charge：150"可知，学习摄影技术要花费150，故答案为D．70．C 细节考查题．根据"This twelve-hour course is for people who don't know much about computers，but who need to learn about them"可知，这个12小时的课程是为那些对计算机不太了解，但需要了解计算机的人而开设的．所以了解计算机可以做第二个课程的标题．故答案为C．71．A 细节考查题．根据"You can stop smoking without pain or any medicine and this twelve-hour course will help y ou do it．"可知，你可以在没有疼痛或任何药物的情况下戒烟，这12小时的课程将帮助你戒烟．所以说你可以以一种更愉快的方式戒烟．故答案为A．72．B 细节考查题．根据"You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels"可知，你会在第一堂课中接受测试，检验你处于那种打字技术水平．故答案为B．73．D 细节考查题．A旅行社，B游乐园，C展览中心，D培训中心；通读全文可知，本文是一个培训中心的广告，故答案为D．74．B 细节考查题．根据"If you are interested，please call 5647 8833，or contact us at www．Redstar．com You can also fill the form given and mail is to 781N．Blue Lake Street，Green Island．"可知，这个广告提供了三种联系方式：打电话，发电子邮件和写信．故答案为B．文章大意：本文是课程广告，包括摄影技术基础、理解计算机、戒烟和打字课程．阅读理解的做题技巧：先浏览所给的问题以及选择项，然后带着问题在通读原文的基础2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷-教师用卷上快速地找到答案，然后再回过头来检查一遍，确保万无一失．还有，最好把答案所在的句子划出来，以便回来检查时更加的省时省力．四、句型转换（本大题共6小题，共12.0分）33.Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day．（改为一般疑问句）______students in our school______lunch at about half past eleven every day？【答案】Do；have【解析】答案：Do，have 分析原句，意思是我们学校的学生每天大约十一点半吃午饭．要求改为一般疑问句，即我们学校的学生每天大约十一点半吃午饭吗？这里时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，一般疑问句借助助动词do，后接动词原形，故答案是Do，have．我们学校的学生每天大约十一点半吃午饭．我们学校的学生每天大约十一点半吃午饭吗？解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，考虑单词的适当形式，准确作答．34.Simon has worked as an estate agent since 2002（对划线部分提问）______has Simon worked as an estate agent？【答案】How long【解析】答案：How long划线部分since 2002是时间段，对时间段提问用how long，放在句首并大写首字母，原句是现在完成时的句子，提前助动词has，其它部分照抄，故答案为How long．西蒙自2002以来一直是一名房地产经纪人．西蒙做房地产经纪人多久了？句型转换题，要求正确理解句意，分析句子成分，找出正确的疑问词．要注意运用正确的时态和语序，有时还要添加助动词．35.Chinese Poetry Competition（中国诗词大会）is an exciting program．（改为感叹句）______exciting program Chinese Poetry Competition is!【答案】What an【解析】答案：What an"What + （a/ an）+ 形容词+名词+主语+谓语"是固定感叹句句型，表示对名词的感叹；后面有名词program，要用what，program是可数名词单数，而且exciting是元音音素开头的单词，所以前面用an，故答案为What an．中国诗词大会是一个令人兴奋的节目．中国诗词大会是一个多么令人兴奋的节目啊！句型转换题，要求正确理解句意，分析句子成分，找出正确的疑问词．要注意运用正确的时态和语序，有时还要添加助动词．36.Who will look after your pet when you're away？（保持原意不变）Who will____________your pet when you're away？【答案】care；for【解析】答案：care forlook after照看、照顾，同意短语是care for，前面有助动词will，后面用动词原形，结合句意"你不在的时候谁将照顾你的宠物？"，可知答案为care for．你不在的时候谁将照顾你的宠物？Who will care for your pet when you're away？句型转换题，要求正确理解句意，分析句子成分，找出正确的疑问词．要注意运用正确的时态和语序，有时还要添加助动词．9 / 1737.Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day．（改为一般疑问句）______students in our school______lunch at about half past eleven every day？【答案】Do；have【解析】答案：Do；have含有实意动词的一般现在时的句子变一般疑问句，要在句首添加助动词do或does，后面谓语动词用动词原形，因为此句的主语是Students，是复数，要添加do，并大写首字母；结合句意"我们学校的学生每天大约11：30吃午饭吗？"可知，答案为Do；have．我们学校的学生每天大约11：30吃午饭．我们学校的学生每天大约11：30吃午饭吗？句型转换题，要求正确理解句意，分析句子成分，找出正确的疑问词．要注意运用正确的时态和语序，有时还要添加助动词．38.Does her aunt live in Canada？I am not sure．（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I am not sure______ her aunt______ in Canada．【答案】if/whether；lives【解析】答案：if/whether；lives一般疑问句变成宾语从句，要用if/whether引导，变成陈述语序；根据句意"我不确定她姑姑是否住在加拿大．"可知，主句和从句都用一般现在时，从句的主语是第三人称单数，动词live要变成第三人称单数形式lives，故答案为if/whether；lives．她姑姑住在加拿大吗？我不确定．我不确定她姑姑是否住在加拿大．句型转换题，要求正确理解句意，分析句子成分，找出正确的疑问词．要注意运用正确的时态和语序，有时还要添加助动词．五、补充句子（本大题共12小题，共24.0分）39.A．relationship B．various C．special D．custom E．disappointedTea culture is different in countries in the world．There are（46）______ ways that are commonly used to make tea，such as white tea，green tea and black tea．And how to prepare tea may be different，too．In some places，people often boil tea with salt and butter．People may drink tea at home or in public，for example，at tea houses．As part of culture，tea has a（47）______ with history，health，education，communication and so on．In some countries，tea plays an important part in social activities．For example，afternoon tea is a British（48）______ ．Families or friends can communicate with each other while having afternoon tea．Tea has remained a way of daily life in China and drinking tea has a lot of advantages．It makes people less tired and helps to clear heat in the human body．Chinese people are also good at using tea to cook some （49）______ dishes．Tea eggs and tea shrimps are among the most popular ones．【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】A【小题3】D【小题4】C【解析】46．B．根据前一句：Tea culture is different in countries in the world．可知在世界上的各个国家，茶文化不同．再结合题干：There are（46）ways that are commonly used to make tea．可知一般用于沏茶的方法有很多种．又因题干的关键词ways是名词，所以用形容词来修饰，结合选项various各种各样的，是形容词，符合题意，故选B．2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷-教师用卷47．A．根据题干：As part of culture，tea has a（47）with history，health，education，communication and so on．可知茶文化和历史，健康，教育，交流等都有联系，又因题干前面的不定冠词a，可知该空需要填一个可数名词的单数．再结合选项推知relationship 关系，联系，是可数名词，符合题意，故选A．48．D．根据下一句：Families or friends can communicate with each other while having afternoon tea．句意：当家人或朋友彼此联系的时候，他们就喝中午茶．可知茶成为了一种习俗．又结合题干：For example，afternoon tea is a British（48）．的关键词a British，可知该空需要填一个可数名词的单数．根据给出的选项可推知custom风俗，习俗，是可数名词，符合题意，故选D．49．C．根据下一句：Tea eggs and tea shrimps are among the most popular ones．可知茶蛋和茶虾是其中最流行的．又结合题干Chinese people are also good at using tea to cook some （49）dishes．可知中国人也擅长用茶做一些特殊的菜肴．又因题干中的关键词dishes菜肴，是名词，所以该空填形容词修饰它．根据选项，所以special特殊的，特别的，符合题意，故选C．本文主要讲了世界上的茶文化不同，平常沏茶的方法也各有不同．茶文化与历史，健康，教育和交往紧密相连．在一些国家，茶在社会活动中也起着很重要的作用．本题考查的是用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空．做这种题首先要熟悉题干，了解意思；然后熟悉所给词，再根据具体语境选出单词，根据具体要求把词的具体形式表达准确，做完后及时检查，查缺补漏．40.A．operated B．immediately C．blew D．extremely E．collectedMoney really fell from the sky!Many people in Garden City were（50）______ surprised at this last week．This happened in the afternoon when there was a sudden strong wind．A 22-year-old girl was taking the money in an envelope from her company to the bank．She was ready to cross a busy street when the strong wind（51）______ her skirt up．To hold skirt down，she put her hands on her skirt（52）______ ．Then the envelopedropped．There were fifty thousand US dollars in cash inside and the wind carried the money into the air．The money started falling all over the street．She （53）______ all the money she could find and with the help of the people passed by，she got back most of the money．The clerk's manager was very understanding，but he told her to wear trousers to work from then on．【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】E【解析】50．D．考查副词．根据前一句：Money really fell from the sky! 句意：钱真的能从空中掉下来! 再结合题干：Many people in Garden City were（50）surprised at this last week．可知上周，住在花苑城市的很多人对这种情况很吃惊．又根据题干关键词surprised吃惊的，是形容词，可用副词来修饰，以该空填一个副词．又因所给选项extremely是非常，很的意思，符合题意，故该空选D．51．C．考查动词．根据题干：She was ready to cross a busy street when the strong wind （51）her skirt up．可知固定短语blow …up突然吹起，又因when引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般过去式，所以从句也用一般过去式，而blow的过去式是blew，故选C．52．B．考查副词．根据题干：To hold skirt down，she put her hands on her skirt（52）．可知为了抓她的裙子下来，她立即把她的手放在裙子上．所以该空需要填一个副词做时间状语，选项immediately立即，马上，符合题意，故选B．53．E．考查动词．根据前一句：She （53）all the money she could find and with the help of the people passed by．可知钱全落在马路上，她在路人的帮助下，她收集她能找到的11 / 17。
2018届普陀区中考英语一模试卷及答案
普陀区2017学年度第一学期初三质量调研英语试卷Part 1 ListeningI. Listening comprehensionA. Listen and choose the right picture.1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear7. A. To the park. B. To the Bund. C. To the museum. D. To the library.8. A. At 10:30. B. At 11:30 C. At 12:30 D. At 13:309. A. Coins. B. Pens. C. Stamps. D. Stones.10. A. Teacher and student. B. Brother and sister.C. Mum and son.D. Customer and clerk.11. A. By bike. B. By bus. C. By underground. D. By car.12. A. At a supermarket. B. At a restaurant.C. At a library.D. At a cinema.13. A. Write reports. B. Play computer games.C. Learn languages.D. Draw pictures.14. A. Alice looks sad today. B. Alice’s favourite subject is PE.C. John is poor at PE.D. John will take an easy test.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false15. Kitty started her first job to look after three little boys in a family.16. After having too many late nights and early mornings with the children, she felt very tired.17. Kitty’s friend Megan suggested that she should go to work for a better family.18. Kitty managed to get some training at a college and passed the test finally.19. Kitty likes her job because she thinks it’s fun and easy to work with small children.20. According to Kitty, everyone could have his dream even if he is not a top student at school.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences21. You can hear the voice of a ______ ______ or a popular actress giving instructions on a taxi.22. People often ______ ______ like bags, phones and umbrellas on a taxi when they get off.23. If people don’t wear seat belts, they may easily ______ ______ in accidents.24. A lot of passengers complain that these voices are ______ ______.25. Some drivers play the messages for at least ______ ______ a day when they drive.Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and VocabularyII. Choose the best answer26. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A. Don’t put your feet on my s eat!B. We will reach Beijing in 2 hours.C. What’s the m eaning of this word?D. Could I have some noodles instead of rice?27. Mike goes for ______ walk after dinner in the garden every day.A. aB. anC. theD. /28. Bill is a new comer in this neighbourhood and has ______ friends here, so he feels lonely.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few29. Let’s have a rest ______ the time being, then we will continue to discuss the plan.A. onB. inC. atD. for30. Many kind people often visit the young patients in the children’s hospital to cheer ______ up.A. theyB. themC. theirD. theirs31. The tress on ______ sides of the road were decorated beautifully at Christmas.A. allB. neitherC. anyD. both32. US president Donald Trump started his visit to China ______ November 8, 2017.A. withB. inC. onD. of33. When the flood broke out, college students joined the volunteer group one after ______.A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. the others34. It’s much ______ to carry the computers around as they are becoming smaller and smaller.A. easyB. easierC. easiestD. the easiest35. It is hard to review the knowledge we learn in class ______ we take notes.A. ifB. unlessC. whenD. after36. We feel so proud that our country has developed ______ than before.A. quickB. quicklyC. more quicklyD. most quickly37. Doris ______ dancing in the school club for about ten months and can dance well now.A. is learningB. will learnC. learnsD. has learned38. My memory is so bad these da ys. I keep ______ what I’ve just said.A. forgetB. to forgetC. forgettingD. forgot39. Beautiful songs and excellent performance let the audience ______ excited.A. feelB. to feelC. feelingD. felt40. It is relaxing ______ a shower after a day’s hard work.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken41. Kevin promises that if anyone has difficulties in the job, he ______ the first one to help.A. will beB. would beC. wasD. has been42. -- ______ will the visitors arrive at our school?-- In about 40 minutes.A. How longB. How soonC. How muchD. How far43. The government says actions ______ be taken to stop child abuse（虐待儿童）in the kindergarten.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should44. -- ______-- I think I can manage myself, but thank you all the same.A. Anything I can do to help?B. Did you enjoy your holiday in London, Jill?C. Let’s take a short break.D. Imagine what may happen in the future.45. -- In my opinion, we should help the old in our neighbourhood as often as possible.-- ______A. Never mind.B. I think so, too.C. That’s all right.D. Yes, please.III. Complete the following passages with the words in the box. Each can only be used onceA. relationshipB. variousC. specialD. customE. disappointedTea culture is different in countries in the world. There are __46__ ways that are commonly used to make tea, such as white tea, green tea and black tea. And how to prepare tea may be different, too. In some places, people often boil tea with salt and butter. People may drink tea at home or in public, for example, at tea houses. As part of culture, tea has a __47__ with history, health, education, communication and so on.In some countries, tea plays an important part in social activities. For example,afternoon tea is a British __48__. Families or friends can communicate with eachother while having afternoon tea.Tea has remained a way of daily life in China and drinking tea has a lot ofadvantages. It makes people less tired and helps to clear heat in the human body.Chinese people are also good at using tea to cook some __49__ dishes. Tea eggsand tea shrimps are among the most popular ones.A. operatedB. immediatelyC. blewD. extremelyE. collectedMoney really fell from the sky! Many people in Garden City were __50__ surprised at this last week.This happened in the afternoon when there was a sudden strong wind. A22-year-old girl was taking the money in an envelope from her company tothe bank. She was ready to cross a busy street when the strong wind __51__her skirt up. To hold skirt down, she put her hands on her skirt __52__. Thenthe envelope dropped. There were fifty thousand US dollars in cash insideand the wind carried the money into the air. The money started falling all overthe street. She __53__ all the money she could find and with the help of the people passed by, she got back most of the money. The clerk’s manager was very understanding, but he told her to wear trousers to work from then on.IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms54. Tyron went to live in Australia with his family in his _____. (fifty)55. Those girls enjoyed _____ in the party last night. (they)56. There is a well-known beach three _____ away from my hometown. (mile)57. Oliver is so ______ that he has lost three cell phones on the bus. (care)58. Before we see the film, we can read some ______ reviews of it on the Internet. (recently)59. To our ______, the stranger turned out to be an old friend of my mother’s. (surprised)60. May will ______ in losing weight with the doctor’s helpful instructions. (success)61. The ______ of his daughter in the traffic accident made him very sad. (die)V. Complete the following sentences as required62. Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day. （改为一般疑问句）_______ students in our school ______ lunch at about half past eleven every day?63. Simon has worked as an estate agent since 2002. （对划线部分提问）______ ______ has Simon worked as an estate agent?64. Chinese Poetry Competition（中国诗词大会）is an exciting program. （改为感叹句）______ ______ exciting program Chinese Poetry Competition is!65. Who will look after your pet when you’re away? （保持句意不变）Who will ______ ______ your pet when you’re away?66. The company built a service centre for helping all the customers. （改为被动语态）A service centre ______ ______ by the company for helping all the customers.67. Does her aunt live in Canada? I am not sure. （改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I am not sure ______ her aunt ______ in Canada.68. set off, I, early, to, fresh air, breathe, in the forest （连词成句）__________________________________________________________.Part 3 Reading and WritingVI. Reading ComprehensionA. Choose the best answerBasic PhotographyThis is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light, and lenses (镜头). Bring your own35mm camera to class.Course Charge: $ 150Jan. 9, 11, 16, 18, Tues. & Thurs. 6-8 pmMarianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographsappear in many magazines.Understanding ComputersThis twelve-hour course is for people who don’t know much about computers, but who need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can’t do,and how to use them.Course Charge: $ 75Equipment Charge: $10Jan. 6, 13, 20, 27, Sat. 9-12 amJoseph Saimders is professor of computer science at New Area University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field.Stop SmokingHave you already tried to stop smoking and failed? Now it’s the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop smoking without pain or any medicine, and thistwelve-hour course will help you do it.Course Charge: $ 30Jan. 8, 15, 22, 29, Mon. 4-7 pmJohn Goode is an experienced doctor who has helped hundreds of peoplestop smoking.TypingThis course on weekdays is for those who want to learn to type as well as those who want to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring yourown paper.Course Charge: $ 125Materials Charge: 125.Two hours each evening for two weeks.This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before.If you are interested, please call 5647 8833, or contact us at . You can also fill the form given and mail it to 781 N. Blue Lake Street, Green Island.69. You need to pay ______ if you want to learn something about taking pictures.A. $ 30B. $ 75C. $ 125D. $ 15070. Which can be filled in the “______” as the titl e for the second course?A. Designing computersB. Communicating onlineC. Understanding computersD. Learning computer games71. If you take the third course, you can give up smoking ______.A. in a more pleasant wayB. with the help of Joseph SaimdersC. by taking the latest medicineD. in twelve hours72. You’ll be given a test in the first typing class so that you can know ______.A. how many hours of classes you should take in two weeksB. which typing skill level you are atC. what kind of business you should learnD. how much you need to pay for each program73. This advertisement is probably made by a/an ______.A. travel agencyB. amusement parkC. exhibition-centreD. training centre74. The advertiser has offered ______ ways to contact them.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. fiveB. Choose the best answer and complete the passageIn today’s English class, students had a speech competition. They talked about whether e-books should take the place of print books. The following are the speeches given by two students.Joshua Lee:While many people argue that e-books don’t feel the same as “real” books, we should consider that the printing industry does a lot of harm to our __75__. Producing books means cutting down millions of trees for paper, and the processes of printing requires a great deal of energy. E-books need no papers at all. They will probably __76__ our use of energy and natural resources.__77__, e-books allow people to get information more easily. E-books can be stored and selected from huge digital libraries. These libraries can hold many more books than a traditional bookstore or library can. People can quickly find and read their books on an e-reader at any time and in any place.Joy Pamnani:I strongly believe that print books must __78__. In my opinion, e-books have many disadvantages. E-books aren’t as environmentally friendly as you think. A common argument used by e-book supporters is that e-books save paper. But isn’t it also true that there’s mor e carbon being let out by the electronicdevices（设备）?Since you have to spend extra money on those devices before you can buy and read e-books, they aren’t __79__ at all. Besides, you can’t easily write notes on an e-reader, and you can’t read anything when they run out of battery.E-books are unhealthy too. The light given off by these devices can lead to __80__ problem. A study showed it took e-book readers an average of ten minutes longer to fall asleep than those who read print books.75. A. tradition B. environment C. health D. culture76. A. reduce B. protect C. describe D. limit77. A. As a result B. By the way C. On one hand D. What’s more78. A. change B. help C. stay D. return79. A. cheap B. useful C. interesting D. different80. A. reading B. memory C. sleep D. eatingC. Fill in the blanks with proper wordsThe inhaler（喷雾剂）was lying there on the table. Cassie froze.“Oh no!” she breathed. “Not again!”She looked at the little green c__81__ on the cooker—12:17. The train would leave at 12:34 and her grandpa had been gone around four minutes. Could she –f she ran like a racehorse – get to the station before he got on the train? There was no time to lose. She grabbed her jacket, her keys and her purse. Her fingers m__82__ fast to tie her shoes, but too fast to be accurate. She opened the front door and shut it heavily behind her.Her b__83__ began to work fast, “Which is the quickest way to find him? Should I g__84__ which route he has taken and may be lucky enough to catch up with him? Or should I just get to the station the fastest possible way and hope to be there when he arrives? But there are two entrances to the station. He might take e__85__. What should I do?”Cassie was worried about her grandfather. As she ran through the shopping centre, she pictured him sitting on the train, and then s__86__ his breath becoming difficult, and his face turning pale. He would search for the inhaler and it wouldn’t be in his pocket.A man was setting out a table in front of his café. There was no space between him and the table. She ran into him and knocked him down. “Sorry!” she tried to call out as she raced past him, but she had so little breath that she only made a very w__87__ sound. She knew he didn’t hear her, but she couldn’t stop.At last she was at the station. She looked at her watch. It was 12:30 and she still hadn’t seen her grandfather.D. Answer the questionsThat cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in the city I lived. There I was, walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theater. I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and the life in this awful place.As I walked down the empty street under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. “Run!” I told myself and began to do so, both to keep warm and keep away from any possible danger.About a block from my flat, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. The noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. I didn’t realize what the noise had been until I reached my flat and unlocked the door. It had been my wallet falling to the street.I wasn’t cold or tired anymore. I ran out of the door and back to where I had heard the noise. Although I searched the street for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found.Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard a rubbish truck stop next to me. A voice called from the inside, “Alisa Camacho?” I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? The door opened and a man jumped out. “Is this what you’re looking for?” he asked, holding up a small square shape.It was nearly 3 a.m. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night. But I had got my wallet back. I also had got back some enjoyment of city life.88. How many jobs did the writer do in the city she lived?________________________________________________________.89. How did the writer keep herself warm and safe in the street?________________________________________________________.90. Why did the writer feel nervous when she heard a sound behind her?________________________________________________________.91. When did the writer realize that the sound had been her wallet falling to the street?________________________________________________________.92. Who found the wallet for the writer?________________________________________________________.93. What did the writer think of city life at the end of the story? Why?________________________________________________________.VII. Writing94. Write at least 60 words on the topic “My opinion on getting pay for doing housework”【以“我对有偿做家务的看法”为题，写一篇不少于60词的短文，标点符号不占格】提示：一些家长为了鼓励孩子参与家务活，便给予孩子一定的报酬作为孩子承担家务的奖励，你怎么看这件事？可以结合自身的经历阐述观点和理由。
2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷含答案
2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷一、Part 1 Listening（第一部分：听力）（共30分）1．（6分）Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出最恰当的答案）2．（1分）A．To the park．B．To the Bund．C．To the museum．D．To the library．3．（1分）A．At 10：30．B．At 11：30．C．At 12：30．D．At 13：30．4．（1分）A．coins．B．pens．C．Stamps．D．stones．5．（1分）A．Teacher and students．B．Brother and sister．C．Mum and son．D．Customer and clerk．6．（1分）A．By bike．B．By bus．C．By underground．D．By car．7．（1分）A．At a supermarket．B．At a restaurant．C．Write a library．D．At a cinema．8．（1分）A．Write reports．B．Play computer games．C．Learn languages．D．Draw pictures．9．（1分）A．Alice looks sad today．B．Alice's favourite subject is PE．C．John is poor at PE．D．John will take an easy test．10．（6分）Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用T表示，不符合的用F表示）15．Kitty started her first job to look after three little boys in a family．16．After having too many late nights and early morning with the children，she felt very tired．17．Kitty's friend Megan suggested that she should go to work for a better family 18．Kitty managed to get some training at a college and passed the test finally．19．Kitty likes her job because she thinks it's fun and easy to work with small children．20．According to Kitty everyone could have his dream if he is not a top student at school．11．（10分）Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词）21．You can hear the voice of a or a popular actress giving instructions on a taxi．22．People often like bags，phones and umbrellas on a taxi when they get off．23．If people don't wear seat belts，they may easily in accidents．24．A lot of passengers complain that these voices are．25．Some drivers play the messages for at least a day when they drive．二、Part 2 Phonetics，Grammar and Vocabulary（第二部分语音，语法和词汇）（共50分）12．（1分）Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others？（）A．Don't put your feet on my seat!B．We will reach Beijing in 2 hoursC．What's the meaning of this word？D．Could I have some noodles instead of rice？13．（1分）Mike goes for walk after dinner in the garden every day．（）A．little B．a little C．few D．a few14．（1分）Bill is a new comer in this neighbourhood and has friends here，so he feels lonely．（）A．little B．a little C．few D．a few15．（1分）Let's have a rest the time being，then we will continue to discuss the plan．（）A．on B．in C．at D．for16．（1分）Many kind people often visit the young patients in the children's hospital to cheep up．（）A．they B．them C．their D．theirs17．（1分）The tree on sides of the road were decorated beautifully atChristmas（）A．all B．neither C．any D．both18．（1分）US president Donald Trump started his visit China November8，2017．（）A．with B．in C．on D．of19．（1分）When the flood broke out，college students joined the volunteer group one after ．（）A．another B．other C．others D．the others20．（1分）It's much to carry the computers around as they are becoming smaller and smaller．（）A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest21．（1分）It is hard to review the knowledge we learn in class we take notes．（）A．If B．unless C．when D．after22．（1分）We feel so proud that our country has developed than before．（）A．quick B．quickly C．more quickly D．most quickly23．（1分）Doris dancing in the school club for about ten months and can dance well now．（）A．is learning B．will learn C．learns D．has learned24．（1分）My memory is so bad these days．I keep what I've just said．（）A．forget B．to forget C．forgetting D．forgot25．（1分）Beautiful songs and excellent performance let the audience excited．（）A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt26．（1分）It is relaxing a shower after a day's hard work．（）A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken27．（1分）Kevin promises that if anyone has difficulties in the job，he the firstone to help．（）A．will be B．would be C．was D．a few28．（1分）﹣﹣will the visitors arrive at our school？In about 40minutes．（）A．How long B．How soon C．How much D．How far29．（1分）The government says actions be taken to stop child abuse（虐待儿童）in the kindergarten（）A．may B．can C．would D．should30．（1分）﹣﹣﹣﹣I think I can manage myself，but thank you all the same．（）A．Anything I can do to help？B．Did you enjoy your holiday in London，Jill？C．Let's take a short breakD．Imagine what may happen in the future31．﹣﹣In my opinion，we should help the old in our neighbourhood as often as possible．（）﹣﹣A．Never mind B．I think so，tooC．That's all right D．Yes，please三、Complete the following passages with the words in the box.Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）32．（4分）A．relationship B．various C．special D．custom E．disappointedTea culture is different in countries in the world．There are（46）ways that are commonly used to make tea，such as white tea，green tea and black tea．And how to prepare tea may be different，too．In some places，people often boil tea with salt and butter．People may drink tea at home or in public，for example，at tea houses．As part of culture，tea has a（47）with history，health，education，communication and so on．In some countries，tea plays an important part in social activities．For example，afternoon tea is a British（48）．Families or friends can communicate with each other while having afternoon tea．Tea has remained a way of daily life in China and drinking tea has a lot of advantages．It makes people less tired and helps to clear heat in the human body．Chinese people are also good at using tea to cook some （49）dishes．Tea eggs and tea shrimps are among the most popular ones．33．（4分）A．operated B．immediately C．blew D．extremely E．collected Money really fell from the sky!Many people in Garden City were（50）surprised at this last week．This happened in the afternoon when there was a sudden strong wind．A 22﹣year﹣old girl was taking the money in an envelope from her company to the bank．She was ready to cross a busy street when the strong wind （51）her skirt up．To hold skirt down，she put her hands on her skirt （52）．Then the envelope dropped．There were fifty thousand US dollars in cash inside and the wind carried the money into the air．The money started falling all over the street．She （53）all the money she could find and with the help of the people passed by，she got back most of the money．The clerk's manager was very understanding，but he told her to wear trousers to work from then on．四、Complete the sentences with given words in their proper forms（用单词的适当形式填空）（共8分）34．（1分）Tyron went to live in Australia with his family in his（fifty）．35．（1分）Those girls enjoyed in the party last night．（they）．36．（1分）There is a well﹣known beach three away from my hometown．（mile）．37．（1分）Oliver is so that he has lost three cell phones on the bus．（care）．38．（1分）Before we see the film，we can read some reviews of it on the Internet．（recently）．39．（1分）To our，the stranger turned out to be an old friend of my mother's．（surprised）．40．（1分）May will in the losing weight with the doctor's helpful instructions．（success）．41．（1分）The of his daughter in the traffic accident made him very sad．（die）．五、V. Complete the following sentences as required（按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词，68题2分，其余1分1空）（共14分）42．（2分）Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day．（改为一般疑问句）students in our school lunch at about half past eleven every day？43．（1分）Simon has worked as an estate agent since 2002（对划线部分提问）has Simon worked as an estate agent？44．（1分）Chinese Poetry Competition（中国诗词大会）is an exciting program．（改为感叹句）exciting program Chinese Poetry Competition is!45．（2分）Who will look after your pet when you're away？（保持原意不变）Who will your pet when you're away？46．（1分）Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day．（改为一般疑问句）students in our school lunch at about half past eleven every day？47．（2分）Does her aunt live in Canada？I am not sure．（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I am not sure her aunt in Canada．48．（2分）set off，I，early，to，fresh air，breathe，in the forest（连词成句）．六、Part 3 Reading and Writing（第三部分读写）（共70分）VI.ReadingComprehension（阅读理解）（共50分）49．（12分）Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）Basic PhotographyThis is an eight﹣four course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera．The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film，light，and lenses（镜头．Bring your own 35mm camera to class．Course Charge：150Jan 9，11，16，18，Tues & Thurs.6﹣8pmMarianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines．This twelve﹣hour course is for people who don't know much about computers，but who need to learn about them．You will learn what computers are，what they can and can't do，and how to use them．；Course Charge：75 Equipment Charge：10 Jan 6，13，20，27，Sat 9﹣12am Joseph Saimders is professor of computer science at New Area University．He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field．Stop SmokingHave you already tried to stop smoking and failed？Now it's the time to stop smoking using the latest methods．You can stop smoking without pain or any medicine and this twelve﹣hour course will help you do it．Course Charge：30Jan.8，15，22，29，Mon.4﹣7pmJohn Goode is an experienced doctor who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking．TypingThis course on weekdays is for those who want to learn to type as well as those who want to improve their typing．You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels．This allows you to learn at your own speed．Each program lasts 20hours．Bring your own paper．Course Charge：125Materials Charge：125Two hours each evening for two weeks.\This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before．If you are interested，please call 5647 8833，or contact us at www．Redstar．comYou can also fill the form given and mail is to 781N．Blue Lake Street，Green Island．69．You need to pay if you want to learn something about taking picturesA.30B.75C．125D．15070．Which can be filled in the"________"as the title for the second course？A．Designing computersB．Communicating onlineC．Understanding computersD．Learning computer games71．If you take the third course，you can give up smoking．A．in a more pleasant wayB．with the help of Joseph SaimdeC．by taking the latest medicineD．in twelve hours72．You'll be given a test in the first typing class so that you can know．A．how many hours of classes you should take in two weeksB．which typing skill level you are atC．what kind of business you should learnD．how much you need to pay for each program73．This advertisement is probably made by a/an．A．travel agencyB．amusement parkC．exhibition﹣centreD．training centre74．The advertiser has offered ways to contact them．A．twoB．threeC．fourD．five．50．（12分）Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）In today's English class，students had a speech competition．They talked about whether e﹣books should take the place of print books．The following are the speeches given by two students．Joshua Lee：While many people argue that e﹣books don't feel the same as"real"books we should consider that the printing industry does a lot of harm to our （75）．Producing books means cutting down millions of trees for paper，and the processes of printing requires a great deal of energy．E﹣books need no papers at all．They will probably（76）our use of energy and natural resources．（77），e﹣books allow people to get information more easily．E﹣books can be stored and selected form huge digital libraries．These libraries can hold many more books than a traditional bookstore or library can．People can quickly find and read their books on an e﹣reader at any time and in any place．Joy Pamnani：I strongly believe that print books must（78）．In my opinion，e﹣books have many disadvantages，E﹣books aren't as environmentally friendly as you think．A common argument used by e﹣book supporters is that e﹣books save paper．But isn't it also true that there's more carbon being let out by the electronic devices（设备）？Since you have to spend extra money on those devices before you can buy and read e ﹣books，they aren't（79）at all．Besides，you can't easily write notes on an e﹣reader，and you can't read anything when they run out of battery．E﹣books are unhealthy too．The light given off by these devices can lead to（80）problem．A study showed it took e﹣book readers an average of ten minutes longer to fall asleep than those who read print books．75．A．tradition B．environment C．health D．culture 76．A．reduce B．protect C．describe D．limit 77．A．As a result B．By the way C．On one hand D．What's more 78．A．change B．help C．stay D．return 79．A．cheap B．useful C．interesting D．different 80．A．reading B．memory C．sleep D．eating．51．（14分）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺．每空格限填一词，首字母已给The inhaler（喷雾剂）was lying there on the table．Cassie froze．"Oh no!"she breathed．"Not again!"She looked at the little green （81）c on the cooker﹣12：17．The train would leave at 12：34and he grandpa had been gone around four minutes．Could she﹣f she ran like a racehorse﹣get to the station before he got on the train？There was no time to lose．She grabbed her jacket，her keys and her purse．Her fingers （82）m fast to tie her shoes，but too fast to be accurate．She opened the front door and shut it heavily behind her．Her（83）b began to work fast"Which is the quickest way to find him？Should I （84）g which route he has taken and may be lucky enough to catch up with him？Or should I just get to the station the fastest possible way and hope to be there when he arrives？But there two entrances to the station．He might take （85）e．What should I do？"Cassie was worried about her grandfather．As she ran through the shopping centre，she pictured him sitting on the train，and then （86）s his breath becoming difficult，and his face turning pale．He would search for the inhaler and it wouldn't be in his pocket．A man was setting out a table in the front of his cafe．There was no space between him and the table．She ran into him and knocked him down．"Sorry！"she tried to call out as she raced past him，but she had so little breath that she only made a very （87）w sound．She knew he didn't hear her，but she couldn't stop．At lest she was at the station．She looked at her watch．It was 12：30and she still hadn't seen her grandfather．52．（12分）Answer the questions（回答下列问题）That cold January night，I was growing sick of my life in the city I lived．There I was，walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theater．I was having trouble dealing with my part﹣time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time．As I walked，I thought seriously about giving up both acting and the life in this awful place．As I walked down the empty street under tall buildings，I felt very small and cold．"Run！"I told myself and began to do so，both to keep warm and keep away from any possible danger．About a block form my flat，I heard a sound behind me．I turned quickly，half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun．The street was empty．The noise had made me nervous，so I started to run faster．I didn't realize what the noise had been until I reached my flat and unlocked the door．It had been my wallet falling to the street．I wasn't cold or tired anymore．I ran out of the door and back to where I had heard the noise．Although I searched the street for fifteen minutes，my wallet was nowhere to be found．Just as I was about to give up the search，I heard a rubbish truck stop next to me．A voice called from the inside，"Alisa Camacho？"I thought I was dreaming．How could this man know my name？The door opened and a man jumped out．"Is this what you're looking for？"he asked，holding up a small square shape．It was nearly 3a．m．by the time I got into bed．I wouldn't get much sleep that night．But I had got my wallet back．I also had got back some enjoyment of city life．88．How many jobs did the writer do in the city she lived？89．How did writer keep herself warm and safe in the street？90．Why did the writer feel nervous when she heard a sound behind her？91．When did the writer realize that the sound had been her wallet falling to the street？92．Who found the wallet for the writer？93．What did the writer think of city life at the end of the story？Why？．七、Writing53．（24分）Write at least 60words on the topic‘My opinion on getting pay for doing housework'【以‘我对有偿做家务的看法'为题，写一篇不少于60词的短文，标点符号不占格】提示：一些家长为了奖励孩子参与家务活，便给予孩子一定的报酬作为孩子承担家务的奖励，你怎么看这件事？可以结合自身的经历阐述观点和理由．2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、Part 1 Listening（第一部分：听力）（共30分）1．（6分）Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出最恰当的答案）【解答】BDHGEC2．（1分）A．To the park．B．To the Bund．C．To the museum．D．To the library．【解答】C3．（1分）A．At 10：30．B．At 11：30．C．At 12：30．D．At 13：30．【解答】B4．（1分）A．coins．B．pens．C．Stamps．D．stones．【解答】A5．（1分）A．Teacher and students．B．Brother and sister．C．Mum and son．D．Customer and clerk．【解答】B6．（1分）A．By bike．B．By bus．C．By underground．D．By car．【解答】D7．（1分）A．At a supermarket．B．At a restaurant．C．Write a library．D．At a cinema．【解答】A8．（1分）A．Write reports．B．Play computer games．C．Learn languages．D．Draw pictures．【解答】D9．（1分）A．Alice looks sad today．B．Alice's favourite subject is PE．C．John is poor at PE．D．John will take an easy test．【解答】C10．（6分）Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用T表示，不符合的用F表示）15．Kitty started her first job to look after three little boys in a family．16．After having too many late nights and early morning with the children，she felt very tired．17．Kitty's friend Megan suggested that she should go to work for a better family 18．Kitty managed to get some training at a college and passed the test finally．19．Kitty likes her job because she thinks it's fun and easy to work with small children．20．According to Kitty everyone could have his dream if he is not a top student at school．【解答】FTFTFT11．（10分）Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词）21．You can hear the voice of a famous singer or a popular actress giving instructions on a taxi．22．People often leave things like bags，phones and umbrellas on a taxi when they get off．23．If people don't wear seat belts，they may easily get hurt in accidents．24．A lot of passengers complain that these voices are too noisy．25．Some drivers play the messages for at least twenty/20 times a day when theydrive．【解答】21．famous singer22．leave things23．get hurt24．too noisy25．twenty/20 times二、Part 2 Phonetics，Grammar and Vocabulary（第二部分语音，语法和词汇）（共50分）12．（1分）Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others？（）A．Don't put your feet on my seat!B．We will reach Beijing in 2 hoursC．What's the meaning of this word？D．Could I have some noodles instead of rice？【解答】答案：D．seat的音标是[siːt]；reach 的音标是[riːtʃ]；meaning 的音标是['miːnɪŋ]；instead 的音标是[ɪn'sted]，因此可知instead 的音标与其他三项不一样，故选D．13．（1分）Mike goes for walk after dinner in the garden every day．（）A．little B．a little C．few D．a few【解答】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是迈克每天晚饭后在花园里散一会步．后面是不可数名词，表示肯定的含义，故选B一点，一些．A几乎没有，C很少，修饰可数名词，D一些，修饰可数名词．14．（1分）Bill is a new comer in this neighbourhood and has friends here，so he feels lonely．（）A．little B．a little C．few D．a few【解答】答案：C．a little．"一点"，用于不可数名词前，little"几乎没有"（否定意义），用于不可数名词前；a few"一点"，用于可数名词复数前，few"几乎没有"（否定意义），用于可数名词复数前．由下句so he feels lonely"因此他感到很孤独"可知，他没有朋友，friends 是可数名词的复数，故用few ，由题干"比尔在这个邻区里是一个新来的，在这儿没有朋友，因此他感到孤独．"可知，故应选择C．15．（1分）Let's have a rest the time being，then we will continue to discuss the plan．（）A．on B．in C．at D．for【解答】答案：D 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是让我们暂时休息一下，然后我们将继续讨论这个计划．这里考查短语for the time being暂时，故选D．16．（1分）Many kind people often visit the young patients in the children's hospital to cheep up．（）A．they B．them C．their D．theirs【解答】答案：B．they意思是"他们"主格，作主语；them意思是"他们"宾格，作宾语；their意思是"他们的"形容词性物主代词；theirs意思是"他们的"名词性物主代词．根据"Many kind people often visit the young patients in the children's hospital to cheep up．"宾语是the young patients ，这对年轻的父母在儿童医院里，因此可知这句话的意思是"许多善良的人经常去儿童医院看望这对年轻的父母去让他们振作起来．"故选B．17．（1分）The tree on sides of the road were decorated beautifully at Christmas（）A．all B．neither C．any D．both【解答】答案：D 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是在圣诞节路的两边都被装饰得非常漂亮．后面是复数名词，且路有两边，故选D两者都．A三者或三者以上都，B两者都不，C一些．18．（1分）US president Donald Trump started his visit China November8，2017．（）A．with B．in C．on D．of【解答】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是美国总统唐纳德•特朗普2017年11月8日开始访问中国．具体的某一天用介词on，故选C．19．（1分）When the flood broke out，college students joined the volunteer group one after ．（）A．another B．other C．others D．the others【解答】答案：A．another意思是"又一，再一"；other意思是"别的，其他的"；others是others的复数形式；the others是the other的复数形式．空格前面的词语是one after，结合给出的四个选项，因此可知这句话的意思是"当洪水爆发的时候，大学生一个接一个的加入了志愿团队．"one after another意思是"一个接一个"故选A．20．（1分）It's much to carry the computers around as they are becoming smaller and smaller．（）A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest【解答】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是当计算机变得越来越小时，携带计算机要容易得多．这里与后面的becoming smaller and smaller变得越来越小形成对比，用比较级，故选B．21．（1分）It is hard to review the knowledge we learn in class we take notes．（）A．If B．unless C．when D．after【解答】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是很难在课堂上复习我们学到的知识除非我们做笔记．故选B除非，如果不．A如果，C何时，D之后．22．（1分）We feel so proud that our country has developed thanbefore．（）A．quick B．quickly C．more quickly D．most quickly【解答】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是我们的国家比以前发展得更快了，我们感到如此骄傲．后面than是比较级的标志，修饰动词develop用副词quickly的比较级，故选C．23．（1分）Doris dancing in the school club for about ten months and can dance well now．（）A．is learning B．will learn C．learns D．has learned【解答】答案：D．现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在．它的构成是：主语+have/has +动词的过去分词．根据"for about ten months "大约十个月了，因此可知学跳舞这个事情，开始于过去，一直延续了十个月，还有可能延续下去，因此可知要用现在完成时来填空，所以这句话的意思是"多里斯已经在学校里学跳舞大约十个月了，现在能跳的很好了．"故选D．24．（1分）My memory is so bad these days．I keep what I've just said．（）A．forget B．to forget C．forgetting D．forgot【解答】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是这些天我的记忆力太差了，我一直忘了刚才说的话．考查短语keep doing，故选C．25．（1分）Beautiful songs and excellent performance let the audience excited．（）A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是优美的歌声和精彩的表演让观众感到兴奋．考查短语let sb．do，故选A感觉．26．（1分）It is relaxing a shower after a day's hard work．（）A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken【解答】答案：C．考查不定式．A动词原形．B动名词．C不定式．D过去分词．it is+形容词+to do sth做某事是…固定搭配．不定式是真正主语．选C．27．（1分）Kevin promises that if anyone has difficulties in the job，he the first one to help．（）A．will be B．would be C．was D．a few【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是凯文承诺，如果有人在工作中遇到困难，他可以是第一个提供帮助的人．动作发生在将来，用一般将来时，故选A．28．（1分）﹣﹣will the visitors arrive at our school？In about 40minutes．（）A．How long B．How soon C．How much D．How far【解答】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是多久后参观者将到达我们的学校？大约40分钟后．这是一个一般将来时的特殊疑问句，故选B多久以后，回答常用介词in+一段时间，表示将来的含义．A多长，C多少，D多远．29．（1分）The government says actions be taken to stop child abuse（虐待儿童）in the kindergarten（）A．may B．can C．would D．should【解答】答案：D．may "可能，可以"，can"能，会，能够"，would"将要，愿意"，should"应该，应当"．由be taken to stop child abuse（虐待儿童）in the kindergarten．被开始阻止在幼儿园虐待儿童．前面是应该被．should be．由题干"政府说行动应该被开始阻止在幼儿园虐待儿童．"可知，故答案应选D．30．（1分）﹣﹣﹣﹣I think I can manage myself，but thank you all the same．（）A．Anything I can do to help？B．Did you enjoy your holiday in London，Jill？C．Let's take a short breakD．Imagine what may happen in the future【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是有什么我可以帮忙的吗？我想我能应付，但还是要谢谢你．故选A有什么我可以帮忙的吗？B姬尔，你在伦敦过得愉快吗？C让我们休息一会儿．D想象一下将来会发生什么．31．﹣﹣In my opinion，we should help the old in our neighbourhood as often as possible．（）﹣﹣A．Never mind B．I think so，tooC．That's all right D．Yes，please【解答】答案：B．考查交际用语．A没关系．B我也这么想．C没关系．D是的，请．结合语境"依我看，我们应该尽可能经常地帮助我们附近的老人．"．可知，应该是"我也这么想．"．选B．三、Complete the following passages with the words in the box.Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）32．（4分）A．relationship B．various C．special D．custom E．disappointedTea culture is different in countries in the world．There are（46）B ways that are commonly used to make tea，such as white tea，green tea and black tea．And how to prepare tea may be different，too．In some places，people often boil tea with salt and butter．People may drink tea at home or in public，for example，at tea houses．As part of culture，tea has a（47）A with history，health，education，communication and so on．In some countries，tea plays an important part in social activities．For example，afternoon tea is a British（48）D．Families or friends can communicate with each other while having afternoon tea．Tea has remained a way of daily life in China and drinking tea has a lot ofadvantages．It makes people less tired and helps to clear heat in the human body．Chinese people are also good at using tea to cook some （49）C dishes．Tea eggs and tea shrimps are among the most popular ones．【解答】46．B．根据前一句：Tea culture is different in countries in the world．可知在世界上的各个国家，茶文化不同．再结合题干：There are（46）ways that are commonly used to make tea．可知一般用于沏茶的方法有很多种．又因题干的关键词ways是名词，所以用形容词来修饰，结合选项various各种各样的，是形容词，符合题意，故选B．47．A．根据题干：As part of culture，tea has a（47）with history，health，education，communication and so on．可知茶文化和历史，健康，教育，交流等都有联系，又因题干前面的不定冠词a，可知该空需要填一个可数名词的单数．再结合选项推知relationship关系，联系，是可数名词，符合题意，故选A．48．D．根据下一句：Families or friends can communicate with each other while having afternoon tea．句意：当家人或朋友彼此联系的时候，他们就喝中午茶．可知茶成为了一种习俗．又结合题干：For example，afternoon tea is a British（48）．的关键词a British，可知该空需要填一个可数名词的单数．根据给出的选项可推知custom风俗，习俗，是可数名词，符合题意，故选D．49．C．根据下一句：Tea eggs and tea shrimps are among the most popular ones．可知茶蛋和茶虾是其中最流行的．又结合题干Chinese people are also good at using tea to cook some （49）dishes．可知中国人也擅长用茶做一些特殊的菜肴．又因题干中的关键词dishes菜肴，是名词，所以该空填形容词修饰它．根据选项，所以special特殊的，特别的，符合题意，故选C．33．（4分）A．operated B．immediately C．blew D．extremely E．collected Money really fell from the sky!Many people in Garden City were（50）D surprised at this last week．This happened in the afternoon when there was a sudden strong wind．A 22﹣year﹣old girl was taking the money in an envelope from her company to the bank．She was ready to cross a busy street when the strong wind（51）C her skirt up．To hold skirt down，she put her hands on her skirt（52）B．Thenthe envelope dropped．There were fifty thousand US dollars in cash inside and the wind carried the money into the air．The money started falling all over the street．She （53）E all the money she could find and with the help of the people passed by，she got back most of the money．The clerk's manager was very understanding，but he told her to wear trousers to work from then on．【解答】50．D．考查副词．根据前一句：Money really fell from the sky! 句意：钱真的能从空中掉下来! 再结合题干：Many people in Garden City were（50）surprised at this last week．可知上周，住在花苑城市的很多人对这种情况很吃惊．又根据题干关键词surprised吃惊的，是形容词，可用副词来修饰，以该空填一个副词．又因所给选项extremely是非常，很的意思，符合题意，故该空选D．51．C．考查动词．根据题干：She was ready to cross a busy street when the strong wind（51）her skirt up．可知固定短语blow …up突然吹起，又因when引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般过去式，所以从句也用一般过去式，而blow的过去式是blew，故选C．52．B．考查副词．根据题干：To hold skirt down，she put her hands on her skirt （52）．可知为了抓她的裙子下来，她立即把她的手放在裙子上．所以该空需要填一个副词做时间状语，选项immediately立即，马上，符合题意，故选B．53．E．考查动词．根据前一句：She （53）all the money she could find and with the help of the people passed by．可知钱全落在马路上，她在路人的帮助下，她收集她能找到的所有钱．又根据全文语境可判断该句是一般过去时，所以该空填collect的过去式collected，故选E．四、Complete the sentences with given words in their proper forms（用单词的适当形式填空）（共8分）34．（1分）Tyron went to live in Australia with his family in his fifties（fifty）．【解答】答案：fifties．考查名词．句意"Tyron在他五十多岁时，就与他的家人住在澳大利亚．"．in one's+fifties，表示"在五十多岁"．填fifty的复数fifties．。
2018年上海市普陀区中考一模英语试题及答案
普陀区2018学年度第一学期初三质量调研英语试卷II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）26.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A. May I take your order?B. Monitorswere used in the exam.C. Luckily, I can afford the trip.D.Please wait for me in the corner.【答案】B【解析】此题要求学生掌握考纲要求的单词的拼写与读音。
order / ɔ: /. Monitors / ə /. afford / ɔ: /. corner/ ɔ: /. 所以正确答案是B。
27.Which of the following words matches the sound /pəʊl/?A. poleB. paleC. poorD. pull【答案】A【解析】此题要求学生掌握考纲要求的单词的拼写与读音。
pole /pəʊl/.所以正确答案是A。
28.Are you in ________ favor of using an iPad inclass?A. aB. anC. /D. the【答案】A【解析】in favor of 意为‚赞成[支持]（某人或某事物）‛，是固定搭配，学生只要记住即可。
29.Our family celebrated Thanksgiving Day _________ November 28th,A. forB. atC. inD. on【答案】D【解析】此题是对时间介词的考查。
表示某一天的时间用介词‚on‛。
30.Each shop has _________ own way to attract customers.A. hisB. herC. itsD. My【答案】C【解析】此题应用形容词性物主代词，shop是物，所以用its。
上海市2018届高三英语一模考试汇编解答题新人教版 精品
2018届（2018学年）上海市高三英语一模——简答（长宁）“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Although this might be excellent advice in matters concerning family and friends, borrowing and lending are frequently the foundation of a booming economy.A loan is a sum of money borrowed for a limited period. A loan may be obtained from an individual or from an institution such as a bank and is generally granted at a specific rate of interest. Interest is the fee that the borrower pays to use the money. An extremely high rate of interest --- and certainly any amount more than law permits --- is called usury. Lending money can be a risky business, for there is always the possibility that the borrower may not be able to pay the loan. For this reason, a lender generally requires the borrower to register something valuable of his or hers, known as collateral (抵押), as a part of the loan agreement. A house or an automobile, investments in the stock market, even the value of a business, are all examples of collateral that a lender may be willing to accept in the event that the borrower fails to pay the loan.There are two major sorts of loans: consumer loans and commercial loans. A consumer loan is one that is made to an individual, and it may be to buy a house or an automobile or to finance an education. A commercial loan may be used to start a new business, pay for new equipment and staff, or expand an office or factory. The business of making loans also contributes to a healthy economy by enhancing the employment market. Loans allow consumers to buy and improve homes, creating jobs for carpenters, architects and etc. Loans enable businesses to expand, and when these businesses open a branch office or a new store, they also increase their consumption of office supplies, furnishings, and computers.In a booming economy, money circulates quickly, and each deal represents earnings for someone. It may be reasonable to say that a certain level of debt is normal, even necessary, to a healthy economy as long as the individual borrower or business is careful and try not to take on more than a manageable amount of debt.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.”is excellent advice for keeping good familyand friends while it is __________.82.What is the purpose of collateral in a loan agreement?83.Different from commercial loans, consumer loans may be used to __________.84.How can the individual borrower or business profit from a booming economy?81. not for building / developing a booming / fast-growing economy82. To prevent the borrower from not paying the loan. / …83. fulfill / achieve the purpose of personal development / …84. By being careful and avoiding being in too much debt / …（闸北）A son in many developing countries means insurance, who will inherit his father's property and help support the family. However, to parents, a daughter is just another expense. Her place is in the home, not in the world of men. A girl can't help but feel inferior when everything around her tells her that she is worth less than a boy. Her future is, to some extent, shaped as soon as her family limits her opportunities and treat her as second-rater, which explain why women in developing countries perform much worse than men both in study and career.Deep discrimination (歧视)against women creates a firm force that keeps girls from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them victims to severe physical and emotional harm. These “servants of the household" come to accept that li fe will never be any different. What's most harmful, it results not only in millions of individual tragedies, but also in the lost potential for the entire country. Studies show there is a direct link between a country's attitude toward women and its social and economic progress. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole.To deal with the situation, many women turn to education. Educated women are essential to ending sex discrimination, starting by reducing the poverty The most basic skills in literacy and Maths open up opportunities for better-paying jobs for women. Uneducated women in rural areas of Zambia, for instance, are twice as likely to live in poverty as those who have had eight or more years of education.Women who have had some schooling are more likely to get married later, survive childbirth, have fewer and healthier children, and make sure their own children complete school. Understanding the importance of hygiene (卫生）and nutrition, they are more likely to stay in physical wellness.Nevertheless, the comprehensive change for a society speaks for the more far-reaching meaning of women education. As women get the opportunity to go to school and obtain higher-level jobs, they gain status in their communities, which translates into the power to influence their families and societies. Such power may, together with other forces of outside interference, make even bigger changes possible and gradually lighten up women's fates in these countries.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What two facts make a woman achieve less than men in developing countries?82. The most severe result of discrimination against women is ________________________.83. Why are educated women in developing countries more likely to remain healthy?84. High social position at home helps women to have the ability to ________________________.81. Her family limiting her opportunities and treating her as second-rater.82. the lost potential for the entire country83. Because they understand the importance of hygiene and nutrition.84. influence their families and societies（杨浦）Pizza Hut lovers, you can now smell just like your favorite food. Pizza Hut launches its own perfume that smells like a fresh pizza pie. This is not a joke —although it started as one! While it might seem like an unusual venture for the brand famous for pizza, the company’s perfume is already available as a limited edition product. fuck myselfAccording to the Globe and Mail, the project started out as a joke by Grip Limited, an advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut in Canada, who asked the chain’s Facebook fans to imagine the pleasant smell of a fresh-delivered pie as a perfume — and to name it. Fans responded to the idea so enthusiastically that Grip Limited decided to take the joke a step further and make the perfume a reality.A month and a half later, to celebrate that Pizza Hut Canada had gotten 100,000 fans, the chain’s community managers an nounced that the first 100 people to message them would actually get a bottle of Pizza Hut perfume. And sure enough, the bottles were shipped to those 100 lucky fans before Christmas.Grip Limited isn’t the only company to attract attention with odd aroma s (芳香). Four years ago, Burger King offered a $4 meat-scented body spray for men. Before that in 2018, Stilton created a perfume meant to mimic (模拟) the scent of blue cheese.Pizza Hut Canada has not announced any plans to make more of the perfume in the future. But the chain also said in the release that it’s possible the perfume could appear in stores in the future.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Some people consider the perfume a joke because they think Pizza Hut is a_______________.82. _______________________________ pushed Grip Limited to turn the joke into reality.83. Who are the lucky birds to get the perfume?84. Why did Pizza Hut follow Burger King’s steps to release a perfume?81. famous brand for pizza82. The fans’ enthusiastic response to the project / idea / activity83. The first 100 people to message the Pizza Hut Canada84. To attract public attention（徐汇）If you need another reason to give thanks at the dinner table on Thanksgiving Day, how’s this: people who maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be happier and healthier than those who don’t, according to an instructive article this week in the Wall Street Journal.The WSJ’s Melinda Beck reports that adults who feel grateful have “more energy, more optimism, more social connections and more happiness than those who do not, according to studies conducted over the past decade. Now a new study conducted by researchers at Hofstra University — the results of which are set to be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies — finds similar benefits of gratitude for adolescents as well.Dr. Jeffrey J. Froh, assistant professor of psychology and lead researcher of the new study, surveyed 1,185 students aged from 14 to 19 and found that grateful students reported higher grades, more life satisfaction, better social integration and less envy and depression than their peers who were less thankful and more materialistic. Additionally, feelings of gratitude had a more powerful impact on the students’ lives overall than materialism.What the majority of the research suggests is that gratitude should be chronic （长期的）in order to make a lasting difference in well-being. Dr. Robert Emmons, professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and a pioneer in gratitude research, told the WSJ that in order to reap（收获）all of its benefits, feeling gratitude must be rooted into your personality, and you must frequently acknowledge and be thankful for the role other people play in your happiness: “The key is not to leave it on the Thanksgiving table,” he said.For older children and adults, one simple way to cultivate gratitude is to literally count your blessings. Keep a journal and regularly record whatever you are grateful for that day. Be specific. Listing “my friends, my school, my dog” day after day means that “gratitude tiredness” has set in, Dr. Froh says. Writing “my dog licked my face when I was sad” keeps it fresher. The real benefit comes in chan ging how you experience the world. Look for things to be grateful for, and you’ll start seeing them.Studies show that using negative, insulting words —even as you talk to yourself —can darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the article i n the Wall Street Journal, people who don’t maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be ______________.82. What are the major findings of the new study at Hofstra University about?83. According to the passage, how can people probably avoid “grat itude tiredness”?84. In order not to darken our moods, we’d better stop ________________.81. less happy and healthy82. Benefits of gratitude for adolescents. / Adolescents benefit from feeling gratitude.83. By regularly recording specific things they are grateful for.84. using negative, insulting words（松江）My wife and I recently completed a trip to China with China Highlights. It was a very memorable vacation. From start to finish, China Highlights was very helpful and supportive. The start of our trip began with an Internet search for a tour agency that would meet our needs and expectations. After reviewing and submitting questions to websites of many companies, we selected China Highlights. Our decision was based on the speed and content of their responses, along with the significant amount of support information provided both on their websites and in their emailed attachments. In addition, the proposed journey and price for a private tour including plane fares between cities and first class seats on a high speed train were strong incentives (激励) to select China Highlights. Their assistance and flexibility in finalizing the itinerary, with favorable payment terms, further convinced us that we made a good choice. We relied on his recommendations for several pre-departure and planning issues Up to the time of departure, Michael was always available to quickly response to our ongoing questions and ensured that we left fully prepared.From the time that we first arrived in Beijing and at every destination of the trip, the guide and the driver were at the airport / train station with signs for us. Conversely, as we left each city, they took care in getting us to the proper check-in area on time, with enough instructions for us to easily continue boarding THE transportation despite obvious communication issues since we did not speak Chinese. In hindsight, our concerns about travelling between locations were unnecessary. Similarly, travelling throughout the cities, as we visited each attraction, was very comfortable. The guides kept us informed of historical and local information. One suggestion would be to pre-identify any sites to visit and have them included in the final journey rather than try to change during the visit.The sights that we visited were most impressive. Obviously, the Great Wall, Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, and the Terra Cotta Soldiers were everything we expected. The guides were very knowledgeable, and helped us understand many aspects of these areas.After we returned home, China Highlights followed up to make sure that we were satisfied with our trip, and to get any feedback that we wanted to provide. They evenaddressed some minor issues that we cited. Overall, China Highlights went over and above our expectations.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What made the couple choose China Highlights during their visit to China?82. The overseas visitors were satisfied with China Highlights services except ___________________.83. During their visit, not only the sights but also ________________ made a great impression on them.84. How did China Highlights improve its quality of service after the visitors finished their journey?25.That China Highlights was very helpful and supportive.25.changing final journey during the visit.25.the knowledgeable and helpful guides and the driver25.It followed up to get any feedback / It addressed some minor issues that visitors cited（青浦）Oscar-winning director Ang Lee’s new epic “Life of Pi” r eveals the relationship between a teenage Indian boy and a Bengal tiger. But in reality, the predators（食肉动物）are under increasing threat from humans. Animal rights group PETA is hoping to use the popularity of the film to focus people’s attention on the re al life of Bengal tigers.With the rising demand for tiger parts from East Asia, illegal hunting remains a tremendous danger for the remaining cat population. Back in 1947, there were 40,000 tigers in India, but the number is experiencing a sharp decline to 1,718 despite campaigns to protect the animal.Rising man-animal conflict is also one of the leading causes of decline in tiger numbers. In one of numerous reported attacks on the endangered big cats, villagers near the Bangladesh-India border, armed with sticks and boat oars, set upon the animal suspected to have attacked a local fisherman and beat it to death earlier this month. So far this year, 58 tiger deaths have been reported in the country.“The first instinct when a tiger is spotted is to just kill it,” grieved Gurmeet Sapal, a wildlife filmmaker. “The feeling of fear and revenge is so strong that it shuts out any other emotion. What we don’t realize is that the tiger never attacks humans until it is forced to.”India has been struggling to stop the tiger's decline in the face of the loss of habitat as well that encourages the animals to leave the forest for food. “The tiger’s rapidly exhausted prey base causes the predator to go all out to get its food. Consequently, livestock and human beings become easy prey, which leads inevitably to conflict,” says a wildlife conservationist.Filmmaker Sapal says it is only normal for people to think of the tiger as a dangerous animal, but its image as a human killer bears some injustice. “Tigers never kill fo r sport nor store meat. They kill their prey only in case of hunger. ”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words)81. PETA hopes “Life of Pi” can __________________________________.82. Why did the villagers beat the tiger to death?83. As a result of the loss of habitat, __________________________________ are morelikely to be the big cat’s victims.84. When will tigers attack and kill people according to the article?81. focus people’s attention on the real li fe of Bengaltigers.82. Because it was suspected to have attacked a local fisherman83. livestock and human beings84. When (they are) hungry or attacked.（普陀）A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.The 968-page "final risk assessment," not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risks.But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of（谨慎的）food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.The report also acknowledges that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based assessmen t.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those issues.In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk. Instead, the expensive animals’replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born — will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.81. What conclusion has FDA drawn after the public waited for a long time?82. Foods from clones won’t be available soon partly because _________________.83. With the appearance of cloned farm animals, people care more about_________________ problems.84. How will foods from ordinary animals be labeled?81. FDA concluded foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are safe .82. the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk.83. human health, moral, religious and ethical84. They will be allowed to be labeled as not from clones.（浦东）We delight in the stories passed down to us by oldergenerations. Tales from the past reveal our loved ones’ truepersonalities that we didn’t know before and can unite familymembers. But they are still just small pieces from a lifetimeof experience, leaving a wealth of personal memories and stories that can go untold.A growing company, LifeBook, is helping people to ensure that the rich, personal histories of our loved ones can be captured in detail in elegant, well-crafted books that can be handed down through the generations. These individual autobiographies, professionally written and illustrated with photographs, hold a lifetime of memories and can form an everlasting family legacy.Linden, who commissioned(委托写) a book on her father from LifeBook, said, ‘It has been a wonderful thing, both for myself and my father. He was quite worried about it at first, but once it got going he established a very good relationship with Will, his interviewer, and I know they had lots of fun and laughs. He started looking forward to the meetings very much, someone showing interest in him outside the family.’Now, LifeBook is becoming increasingly popular as a gift, requested by sons and daughters who wish to preserve the memories of their older loved ones for future generations. The process of creating a LifeBook brings family members closer together as they learn more about the family’s past. And for the authors, LifeBook gives them a project to focus on. It also gives them the benefits of face-to-face companionship in the weekly interviews.For Linden, it was a highly positive experience, ‘I feel very happy because I have given my father this huge gift. It has made him happier and he’s got a newfound interest in life. He’s got more things to talk ab out and,I think, a sense of great pride.’‘Also it’s something he can hand down to futuregenerations. We’re all thrilled with the book, delighted—and I’m sure he’ll want to do volume two very soon.’(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. Tales from the past generations can not only ___________________.82. What does the company, LifeBook, do in those special books?83. Linden’s father started to look forward to the meetings with the interviewerbecause _________.84. Besides a project to focus on, what else can creating a LifeBook bring its author?81. reveal our loved ones’ true personalities but also unite family members82. It helps capture the rich, personal histories of our loved ones.83. someone was showing interest in him outside the family84. The benefits of face-to-face companionship.（闵行）At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in additionto money—the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.Unruly (不守规矩的) students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, excellent candidates for the teaching profession declined.Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s at titudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What are many teachers in the public schools of America complaining about?82. What is the consequence of the public school teachers’ leaving the profession?83. The changing status of women in the United States is one of the causes forwomen to ________________________.84. According to the last paragraph, the status of the teachers in the UnitedSates will _____________________ within years.81. low pay / being under-paid / not being well-paid82. causing some best students not to choose teaching profession / some best studentsdon’t choose teaching profession83. choose careers other than teaching / choose other careers instead of teaching84. not be changed / remain unchanged（静安）All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian (昼夜节奏的) rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud (提不起精神的状态) when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see. But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because ________________________________________.82. Children before puberty tend to __________________________________than adolescents.83. The author wants to tell the reader that_____________________________________.84. What did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?81. it has a cycle of 24 hours82. fall asleep earlier at night83. staying up late affects teenagers' ability to think and learn.84. The human eye had one light-sensing system.（金山）Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank which was helped to build by a UK organization because of the lack of clean drinking water. The tank has made a big difference; it gives water to over 800 People. But lately, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there will not be enough clean water to go round.There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400 km railway link, and about 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies? How will the workers be fed?The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment, Laos still falls well behind its neighbours. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are Available to those with satellite dishes.The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN's least-developed category by 2180.(Note: Answer the quesTlOns or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water?82. ____________________________ is the most serious limitation on Laos' economic growth.。
上海市普陀区精选高三质量调研(二模)英语试题有答案
普陀区2018-2019学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：I.本试卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
第1-20小题，第31-70小题，均由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第21-30小题，第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,” the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife popula tions to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species o f birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularlystrong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. (29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professionaldevelopment.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets , there havefrequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s des perate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on its creator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , “ He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .” Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Roman ic Movement in art and literature . Romancism was a reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also co nsidered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did “ F rankenstein” have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Ph one Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, called the “ phone stack” game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .“Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,” Lesley M. M. Blume , a New York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .” The expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. “ Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. “ If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . “, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a row housein Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .”It’s not something I want my kid to see.” Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.”I don’t want to sleep next to something that is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,” said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .”“It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .”Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the “ phone stack” game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easilySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Any apple today ?”, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .” Here , darling , “ I said , “ is what I owe you ,” _____________” Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.”“ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in theAmerican Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
6.-2018普陀高三英语一模卷
2018.1 普陀区高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷(满分：140分考试时间：120分钟)第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Mother and child. B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and secretary.2. A. They like reading today's paper.B. They are interested in today's paper.C. They found nothing interesting in today's paper.D. They have no idea what the paper is about.3. A. In the concert. B. In the theatre. C. In the exhibition. D. In the studio.4. A. Getting ready to board a plane. B. Queuing up for the check-in.C. Meeting friends at the arrivals.D. Waiting at the baggage claim area.5. A. The man doesn't care which colour is chosen.B. The woman prefers the colour.C. The man is concemed about the colour.D. The man intends to choose a different colour.6. A. Doing a lot of homework. B. Staying focused in class.C. Sleeping for a short break.D. Devoting all her spare time to learning.7. A. He was chairman of the club.B. He wanted to learn a new language.C. He wanted to know more about the club.D. He was interested in international advertisement.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its structure is not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the writing skills.10. A. She likes watching instead of playing. B. She is a good team sports player.C. She doesn't like any kind of sports.D. She likes taking part in team sports.Section B (15分)Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heardQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. It contains protein. B. It contains water.C. It helps the brain work properly.D. A full stomach leads to a good sleep.12. A. Sleep helps the brain control the senses.B. Sleep promotes rest.C. Sleep helps the brain revise and store information.D. Sleep reduces tiredness.13. A. Factors related to memory development. B. The importance of a good memory.C. The importance of improving memory.D. The misery caused by a poor memory.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following weather forecast.14. A. Mountainous Area. B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Southern Europe.15. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy. D. Fine.16. A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C. Central parts of the Mediterranean.D. Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A university tutor. B. An insurance adviser.C. An overseas study officer.D. A visa officer.18. A. It is purchased in the country you will travel.B. It provides just a few kinds of medical services.C. It provides doctors who may speak your native language.D. It offers sufficien.t cash to pay the entire bill on the spot.19. A. It must be purchased in one's home country before going abroad.B. It does not cover the minor medical expenses.C. It only recommends native doctors when you are aboard.D. It features personal paying first and getting money later.20. A. Consult other insurance companies.B. Buy the student health insurance.C. Get the international travel insurance.D. Choose neither insurance since it is not a must.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, /ill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for acaravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000:000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom, kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21)__________ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.Continental RV, RV dealerships everywhere closed down4 leaving his shop among the very few (22)__________ (leave) serving the New York metropolitan area. Mr. Troiano is on-track (23)__________ (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound (反弹) is mostly (24)__________ __________ the economy's recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn't indicate a bright future. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants, (25)__________ are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano's most recent big sale was to (26)__________ rich Asian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales-last year less than 1% of RVs produced domestically (27)__________ (ship) to foreign markets - may improve, too. China's government, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American.RV manufacturers are also marketing the concept (28)__________ their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure vehicles They (29)__________ allow travelling salesmen, businessmen to save on food and hotel costs. (30) __________you park it, it can be your office, as .well as your home.Section B (10分)Directions: Fill in each blank with. a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedThe din(喧嚣) of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone--but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing 31 with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem--the slower 32 speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible(可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians. And a new study of auditory training with a 33 available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills. The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science's "Brain Fitness" were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 after the same amount of time. The authors .received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was 35 by the National Institutes of Health.. iThe research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63. The auditory training came in the form of 36 hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and 37 between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories.Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings. All of the participants showed improvement in these three 38 , but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was 39 by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain's ability to 40 to the sound--bringing it to more "youthful" levels.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the content.Depression: Second Biggest Cause of Disability in the World Depression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research. The disease must be treated as a global public health 41 , experts report in the journal PL.OS Medicine. The study 42 clinical depression with more than 200 other diseas6s and injuries as 'a cause of disability. Globally, only a small proportion of patients have 43 to treatment the World Health Organization says.Depression was 44 at number two as a global cause of disability; but its impact varies in different countries and regions 45 , rates of major depression were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. Iii the UK, depression was rated at number three 46 years lived with a disability.Dr. Alize Ferrari from the University of Queensland's School of Population Health led the study. "Depression is a big problem and we 47 need to pay more attention to it than we are now," she told BBC News. There's still more work to be done in arousing awareness of the disease and also in 48 successful ways of treating it."The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in 1ow and middle income countries and 49 in high income countries." Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there was a lot more work to be done, she added. "There's lots of stigma (病症) we know 50 with mental health," she explained."What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well. There are lots of cultural 51 and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all the more important to 52 awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to 53 it."The data -- for the year 2010 -- follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.Commenting on the study, Dr. Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization said depression was a very disabling condition. "It's a big public health 54 and a big problem to be reflected on but not enough is being done." Around the world only a tiny 55 of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.41. A. concern B. issue C. priority D. discussion42. A. compared B. combined C. confused D. contacted43. A. objection B. access C. adaptation D. contribution44. A. considered B. evaluated C. determined D. ranked45. A. For example B. In addition C. In other words D. All in all46. A. in regard of B. in name of C. in terms of D. in face of47. A. probably B. definitely C. significantly D. randomly .48. A. coming up with B. making up C. putting up with D. consisting of49. A. severer B. heavier C. lighter D. lower50. A. related B. associated C. relevant D. close5l. A. ingredients B. interactions C. implications D. identities52. A. remove B. recreate C. raise D. rise53. A. avoid B. treat C. cure D. detect54. A. challenge B. agreement C. prediction D. outcome55. A. amount B. proportion C. quantity D. populationSection B (22分)Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Digital Etiquette (礼节)Digital Etiquette, or netiquette, is a set of rules for how to behave online. It's a lot like life etiquette, which is basically having good manners and treating others with respect. It's just as important in our digital lives, including how we act in online games-or how we communicate in emails, texts, instant messages and on social networking websites. All of these platforms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.Unfortunately, some people can lose control the second they jump online. When they disagree with someone, or have strong feeling about a topic, they end up saying stuff they'd never say in person! They may send ruder emails and IMs or try to start arguments on message boards. That's called flaming, and it can lead to full-on flame wars, insulting arguments between two or more users.On the Internet, it's pretty easy to stay anonymous, or unidentified. Having a secret identity to hide behind can make people pretty brave. And when all they see of you is screen name or a funny icon, they might forget that they're dealing with a real human being!The principle is simple: Just like in real life, you should treat other people the way you want to be treated. You wouldn't want somebody to be rude to you, so don’t be rude to anyone else.Of course, netiquette isn't just about being nice; it's also about communicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and to the point. It also means making your messages easy to read and understand, which can depend on your audience: For-instance, some abbreviations and emoticons may be fine with friends. But they're generally not appropriate in formal communication. And whatever you do, don't write in all capital letters! Writing in all caps makes it seem like you're yelling.Lastly, make sure you ask permission before posting anything about your friends on a blog or a social networking site. People's personal information is private, and you can really ruin relationships if you post something that a friend - or a friend's parents - don't want on the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is not a private place; if you wouldn't want a parent, teacher or future employer to see something you post, don't post it!56. According to the passage, the users of social media are advised ______.A. to trigger arguments on message boardsB. to behave online with common courtesyC. to be respectful of others online rather than offlineD. to apply abbreviations and emoticons as many as possible57. Why might an anonymous Internet user feel bold enough to say horrible things in response to ablog post?A. Because he can make more friends if he says mean things.B. Because he knows his friends will recognize him and think better of him.C. Because he can insult others and not worry about revenge.D. Because he can impress older, smarter people with his remarks.58. Which of the following is the best way to text your uncle to say you'll be back in an hour?A. BC. D.59. Which of the following is a clear rule about posting photos online?A. If you take a photograph, it is yours to do as you please online.B. Information about your friends, including photographs, is private.C. It's illegal to post pictures online without permission from people in the pictures.D. You should always avoid posting images on the internet.(B)60. What can the employer distribute to motivate staff to recycle more?A. Educational posters.B. Annual reports.C. Regular newsletters.D. Competition rules.61. What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments?A. Disposable goods.B. Writing notes.C. Envelopes.D. Ceramic tableware.62. Which of the following is NOT included in the hints?A. Unwanted PCs can be sent to charities if the company has to buy new ones:B. Waste paper can be used as envelopes for internal mails before being thrown away.C. One of the staff should be assigned to be responsible for the recycling issue.D. Educational posters can be displayed in the workplace to publicize the recycling scheme.(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an "intelligence explosion". The process could get out of control.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don't hate them. We don't go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they're conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there's no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can't imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can't imagine.So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we're talking about the end of human labour. We're also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy (配置) a super intelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的) or cyber, with unbelievable power.Given that the companies and governments building super intelligent AI are likely to perceive(感知) themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it's a god we can live with.63. When an intelligent machine becomes smarter than humanity, ______A. it will make itself better and may go beyond human controlB. it will help people to the fullest, especially in physical workC. it will threaten people by robbing them of jobsD. it will view itself as human race64. The underlined word "divergence" in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as "______".A. connectionB. hatredC. competitionD. disagreement65. How is the passage mainly developed?A. By making comparisons.B. By showing valid evidence.C. By giving assumptions.D. By analyzing statistics.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. For the God's sake, stop AI and be yourselves!B. Can we build AI without losing control over it?C. For or against AI, that is the question!D. How does super intelligence serve the people?Section C (8分)Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Women are insecure because there is no commonly accepted idea of what it means to be a good mother. Fathers have it easier in this regard; they just have to show up and they are automatically considered "good", whereas mothers are always trying to prove to themselves and the world that they aren't "bad". 67In some ways, things are getting worse. Years ago, a woman was allowed five years to shape her child's personality. In recent years, however, some psychologists tell mothers that the first three years of life are the most important, while others think that all critical events happen during the first year.Ironically, this panic about doing the right thing to produce the perfect child is probably the worst thing for the child and the parent. 68 Here is why.First, it is not harmful to children if their mothers work. Mothers who neglect their own need and abilities for the sake of their children do not benefit their children, their marriage or themselves.Second, there is no crucial moment or stage in early childhood in which a child's fate is determined forever. 69 Children are more flexible than that.Research also finds that some children who have had the best parental care and guidance later give in to drugs, addiction, mental illness or violence. 70 Between the parents' best efforts and the resulting child lie other factors: the child's nature, genetically influenced characters, experiences outside the family and the child's knowledge of events. Parents can help an inborn shy child learn to cope better in situations that make the child anxious, but they aren't going to turn her into Britney Spears.IV. Summary Writing (10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible:"Where You Go" Doesn't Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not "where you go" that matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The "oohs" and "aahs" follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise.Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people intheir own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask "if or where they went to college?" as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores - one marker of elite colleges - didn't pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn't attend them - either because of rejection or by their own choice - are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that "evidently, students' motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates."V. Translation (15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 众所周知，与他人和睦相处是生活幸福的要素之一。
精品解析：上海市普陀区2018学年第二学期高三质量调研英语试卷(解析版)
普陀区2018学年第二学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. A new movie.B. A roommate.C. A new game.D. A new watch.【答案】C【解析】【详解】W: My roommate always plays my new game, but I told her to buy one for herself.M: Yeah, my roommate likes to watch me play. He says it’s like watching a movie.Q: What are the speakers talking about?2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Researcher.B. Experimenter.C. Shop assistant.D. Makeup artist.【答案】C【解析】【详解】M: I’d like to buy a bottle of hair conditioner. Can you recommend some kinds?W: Sure. What kind of hair do you have?Q: What’s the woman’s probable job?3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He agrees with the woman.B. The team performs well.C. He knows little about the team.D. The team is playing worse.【答案】D【解析】【详解】W: I think our school football team’s got a good opportunity of winning the championship this semester. M: What? Are you kidding? Don’t you see them play recently?Q: What does the man imply?4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. John hasn’t finished his paper.B. John has many new ideas in the paper.C. Mary isn’t satisfied with John’s paper.D. Mary should have polished the paper.【答案】B【解析】【详解】M: I’ve just finished my paper, Mary. Can you polish it for me before I hand it in？W: Sure, let me take a look. Oh, John, it’s great! Your ideas are so original.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He had a holiday with his family long ago.B. He hasn’t seen his family for a long time.C. He wants to have a long holiday with his family.D. He wasn’t satisfied with his holiday.【答案】A【解析】【详解】W: Will you spend the summer vacation with your family, Tom?M: Yes. It’s been a long time since I was on vacation with my parents.Q: What does the man imply?6.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Linda is dressed in yellow.B. John closes the door.C. Linda walks to the ATM.D. John may need some cash. 【答案】D【解析】【详解】M: Linda, where’s the closest ATM?W: It’s not that far, John. Can you see that yellow door of the building over there?Q: What can we learn from the conversation?7.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. She came late.B. She came earlier.C. He has cleaned the house.D. He needn’t clean the house.【答案】B【解析】【详解】W: What a mess your apartment is!M: I know, I didn’t have time to put things away before you got here.Q: What does the man imply?8.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. They haven’t enough money.B. Her husband didn’t want to move.C. She likes her old house.D. They never thought of moving.【答案】A【解析】【详解】M: Have you thought of moving, Sarah?W: We’ve thought about it, but my husband and I can’t afford it right now. The only thing we could afford wou ld be living in the old house.Q: What does the woman imply?9.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. No one goes out on weekends.B. People couldn’t bear the heat.C. The traffic condition has improved.D. The road here is being repaired.【答案】B【解析】【详解】W: Wow! What’s the h old up?M: It’s probably just people trying to get an early start out of the city for the weekend. Nobody sticks around in the summer.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?10.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. The woman doesn’t like rock musicB. The man likes all kinds of music.C. The woman likes all kinds of music.D. The man isn’t interested in rock music.【答案】D【解析】【详解】M: Frankly, many kinds of music fascinate me, but rock music leaves me cold. What about you?W: I’m crazy about it.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following recording.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】11.A. Friends are in the same college.B. The college website is very attractive.C. The food in the college cafeteria tastes good.D. Many factors need to be considered.12.A. No one cares about what happens in the college.B. Finding the right college takes time and thought.C. The information on the website is very useful.D. Making a speech in the college will do you good.13.A. The way students choose a college.B. The way students study in the college.C. The way students talk with professors.D. The way students work in the community.【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A【解析】Maybe college is chosen because your friend is going there, or because of its ranking on the list, and you do not consider who you are and who you will be. Remember, college is not a prize. It takes time and consideration to find the right college.Visiting the college website to find out what happened, who visited as a guest speaker, and how to maintain contactwith existing students and teachers, can be good ways for you to choose your favorite college. It’s also a good wa y to decide if you want to spend your time and money on a visit. Check the college’s website to find out who the admission officers are in your area and send them an email, asking for more information. Making contact with the college students in your area, or identifying students with similar interests will do you good.When you visit the college, try to sit down in class, eat in a cafeteria, and hang out in a student center or other busy areas. This will help you imagine that you are part of the community. Ask a few students if they will make the same college choice if they have to do it again. Go back to the first item on the list when you consider the information you have collected about the college. You’ll have a lot of options!Questions:Which of the following is true when you choose a college?Why does the speaker say “College is not a prize.”?What’s the main idea of the passage?【11题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2018届上海各区高三英语一模——翻译汇编
【2018-宝山区一模】V. Translation72.他仍难以用英语表达自己的想法。
(express)73.有些人天生就具有体育或音乐天赋。
(born)74.可以预见的是人工智能的发展必将跨入新纪元，彻底改变人类的生活方式。
(It)75.就减肥而言，一种饮食确实不适合所有人，对一些人有效的也许对另一些人并非灵丹妙药。
(what)72. He still has difficulty expressing himself/ ideas/ thoughts in English.73. Some people are born with certain talents for sports or music.74. It can be predicted that the development of artificial intelligence will enter/ step into a new era, and completely change human life style.75.When it comes to (in terms of/ regarding / in regard to / concerning/ as far as losing weight is concerned) is losing weight, one diet really doesn’t fit all, and what works for some may not be best/ effective for others.【2018崇明区一模】V. Translation72.你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73.我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。
(abandon)74.上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放，逢星期一休息。
(except)75.如今，越来越多的人喜欢在网上购物，这就促进了快递业的蓬勃发展。
凯文老师-2018年上海高三高考英语一模试卷汇编(中译英2)
V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73.我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独到的文化特征。
(abandon)74.上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放，逢星期一休息。
(except)75.如今，越来越多的人喜欢在网上购物，这就促进了快递业的蓬勃发展。
(which)Keys:72. Can you feel the impact of big data on modern life?73. We can’t abandon our own unique cultural features when we learn from the West.74.Theamusementparkcompletedlastmonthisopentothepubliceverydayexcepton Mondays.75. Nowadays, more and more people prefer to shop online, which contributes to the booming ofthe express delivery industry.2018年上海市普陀区高三英语一模试卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.众所周知,与他人和睦相处是生活美满的要素之一。
(As)73.你认为以康健为代价来获取名利值得吗?(worthwhile)74.学生们接触到金融问题的年龄越小，就越有可能成为能有用地管理资产且有责任心的成年人。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）
2018届上海市各区⾼三英语⼀模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Forty-t hree years ago, a man took a “small step” on the moon and brought mankind a “giant leap” forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is a man whose name will be remembered for generations to come.But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time, Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partners had only a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969.It was tough indeed. When the module(登⽉舱)was approaching the moon’s surface, the computer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it was an unsafe place to stop.As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touched the ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,” he said in an interview earlier this year.Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. But Armstrong responded with a chuckle(轻声笑), saying: “It w as never a concern to me because I knew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.”For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave interviews and didn’t like talking about his ach ievement. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger(记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”Armstrong passed away last month at the ag e of 82, but he will be remembered. “The next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of NeilArmstrong and give him a wink (眨眼⽰意),” his family said to Reuters.56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong __________.A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work wellB. believed the module would land safely on the moonC. had prepared himself to face possible failureD. planned to land the module on the moon by himself57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon?A. He was angry.B. He was troubled by it.C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong.D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.58.By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of our daily work”, Armstrong meant that __________.A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognizedB. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successesC. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less importantD. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment59. Which of the following best describes Armstrong?A. He was ambitious.B. He tried to avoid the spotlight.C. He balanced his life and work well.D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.Keys: 56-59: C D D BSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of mill ennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence – their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back – this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason Jr – played by US actor Ellar Coltrane – from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary – the power of life itself.56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT __________.A. how they deal with their studiesB. how they help look after brothers or sistersC. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they long to be independent of their parents57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. They’re intended to win an award for best director.B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58. Audience are interested in “coming-of-age” stories because __________.A. they can see the truth of lifeB. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossipD. they appreciate stories of daily life59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniusesB. Actors are ordinary charactersC. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big storyKeys: 56-59 DDBASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,”the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night orpregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder ” in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpfulKeys: 56-59 ADDBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Companies Take Punitive Steps Against Smoker ,Overweight Workers(By Tim Jones)Get ready to say goodbye to the days of high-fat meals,junk food and that after-work cigarette you always enjoy smoking at-least if you intend to have a job and health insurance.The rule of the workplace are changing and personal behavior and lifestyle habits -those unrelated to what you do at work are -now fair game for employers determined to cut health-care costs. If you smoke ,you may not get hired and you could get fired,If you cholesterol is too high,you can pay higher premiums for you insurance .The same goes for blood pressure and body mass.The requirement accepted by a growing number of companies are encroaching on privacy and raising questions about who will qualify for health insurance ,as well as employment.The Cleveland Clinic on Sept.I started nicotine testing in pre-employment physicals .If nicotine is found ,applicants will not be hired.We -yco Inc,a company based in Lansing,Michigan,drew national attention in 2005 when it fired four employees who used tobacco .We-yco performs random testing every 3 months ,usually of about 30 employees .Workers are required to blow into a Breathalyzer-link device that measures carbon monoxide levels .If the reading is high ,employees are required to take a urine test.If they fail the urinalysis twice ,they will be dismissed.Although thousands of employees have put in place inspiration for their workers to live healthier lifestyles,the vast majority of employers have not yet adopted the approach of punishing employees who do not satisfy medical or behavioralrequirements.But punitive measures are gaining a foothold in the workplace,according to lawyer and groups that follow insurance and employment trends, because health-care costs are double-digit rates annually.Gray Climes ,vice president of Meritain Health Michigan ,which now owns We-yco, noted that firings did not violate Michigan law and that 150 employees at the Okemos-based company have ,over time ,accepted the rules . It really comes down to a personal choice as far as you want to be employe d here.”Climes said .Climes said that since 2005,when we-yco made the wellness policy that includes that the smoking ban ,health insurance costs have increased by 2 percent ayear,well below the national average.56.What is the author’s advice on getting employed?A. Paying high er premiums of health insurance.B. Quitting smoking and keeping away from junk foodC. Taking a urine test before applying for a good job.D. Studying hard and knowing more about the company.57.The italicized words encroaching on in the passage mean .A. enrichingB. recoveringC. protectingD. invading58.We-yco Ine,drew national attention in 2005 because .A. four of its employees were fired just for smokingB. four of its employees violated Michigan lawC. Its health insurance costs have increased rapidlyD. A device was used to measure carbon monoxide levels59.What is the most probable title of this passage?A. Health insurance costs are increasingB. urine tests are required for every employeeC. most of the employer get tough on healthD. employees are provided with good health careKeys:66-59 BDACSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customerslining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At t hat moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably meansthat __________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writingKEYS: 56-59 DCCBSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Korean Americans at GBS High SchoolGlenbrook South (GBS) High School is in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is an award-winning school with a highly competent teaching staff. It has over 400 Asian Pacific. American students-over 17 percent of die students in the school. Of these, the majority are Korean American. This is very unusual in a state where Korean Americans are less than 1 percent of the population. The interactions of the Korean American students at UBS were the subject of an article in Asian Week magazine.Different Korean American students react differently to being in a high school were most students are white. Professor Pyong Gap Min, an expert on Korean life in America, believes that Korean Americans in this situation can sometimes feel inhibited or ashamed of their Koreanidentity. Asian Week interviewed a number of GBS students, and each had a different attitude. Alice 18 years oldI used to spend time only with Korean American friends Although I felt secure with those friends, I found myself motivated to form closer relationship with non-Koreans, too. I felt I was missing out on new experiences and challenges.Paul 16 years oldI have some Korean American friends, but I spend most of my time with white friends. I’m often the only Asian American in the group, but I don’t mind. What I like about the white culture is that I can be more radical. I can be as loud and funny as I want to be. I don’t see as much of that among the Asian students.John 17 years oldIn junior high school, most of my friends were white. After coming to GBS, my sense of my Korean American identity was restored, and I decided to have mainly Korean American friends. I feel that my Korean American friends and I mainly understand each other better. For example, we understand about severe parental pressures to succeed at school; I felt my white friends couldn’t really understand.Without belittle(轻视）the importance of what these students had to say, it’s imp ortant to remember that their opinions at this phase of their lives ate bound to change as they grow into adulthood. But these honest opinions can help us better understand issues of culture relations, and their honesty might help Americans from different cultural groups to get along better in the future.56. The passage mainly discusses .A. how Korean American students interact among themselves and with othersB. why Illinois is a very special stateC. how an Illinois high school welcomes Korean American studentsD. different opinions of the friends of Korean American students57. Which statement best summarizes Alice's attitude?A. She feels that her white friends don’t rea lly understand herB. She likes her Korean American friends but wants to have non-Korean friends too.C. She feels she is missing out on experiences with her Korean American fiends.。
上海市普陀区2017-2018学年高三第一学期期终调研测试英语试题
考生注意：普陀区 2017 学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I.ListeningComprehension Section A10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Mother and child. B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and secretary.2.A. They like reading today’s paper.B.They are interested in today’s paper.C.They found nothing interesting in today’s paper.D.They have no idea what the paper is about.3.A. In the concert. B. In the theatre. C. In the exhibition. D. In the studio.4.A. Getting ready to board a plane.B.Queuing up for the check-in.C.Meeting friends at the arrivals.D.Waiting at the baggage claim area.5.A. The man doesn’t care which colour is chosen.B.The woman prefers the colour.C.The man is concerned about the colour.D.The man intends to choose a different colour.6.A. Doing a lot of homework. B. Staying focused in class.C. Sleeping for a short break.D. Devoting all her spare time to learning.7.A. He was chairman of the club.B.He wanted to learn a new language.C.He wanted to know more about the club.D.He was interested in international advertisement.8.A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9.A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its structure is not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the writing skills.10.A. She likes watching instead of playing. B. She is a good team sportsplayer.C. She doesn’t like any kind of sports.D. She likes taking part in teamsports.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It contains protein. B. It contains water.C. It helps the brain work properly.D. A full stomach leads to a good sleep.12. A. Sleep helps the brain control the senses.B.Sleep promotes rest.C.Sleep helps the brain revise and store information.D.Sleep reduces tiredness.13. A. Factors related to memory development. B. The importance of a goodmemory.C. The importance of improving memory.D. The misery caused by a poor memory.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following weather forecast.14. A. Mountainous Area. B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Southern Europe.15. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy.C. Rainy.D. Fine.16. A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B.Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C.Central parts of the Mediterranean.D.Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A university tutor. B. An insurance adviser.C. An overseas study officer.D. A visa officer.18. A. It is purchased in the country you will travel.B.It provides just a few kinds of medical services.C.It provides doctors who may speak your native language.D.It offers sufficient cash to pay the entire bill on the spot.19. A. It must be purchased in one’s home country before going abroad.B.It does not cover the minor medical expenses.C.It only recommends native doctors when you are aboard.D.It features personal paying first and getting money later.20. A. Consult other insurance companies.B.Buy the student health insurance.C.Get the international travel insurance.D.Choose neither insurance since it is not a must.II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21) _ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental RV, RV dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22)(leave) serving the New York metropolitan area. Mr. Troiano is on track (23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹 ) is mostly(24) the economy’s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn’t indicate a bright future. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants, (25) are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano’s most recent big sale was to (26) rich Asian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales — last year lessthan 1% of RVs produced domestically (27) (ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China’s government, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American.RV manufacturers are also marketing the concept (28) their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure vehicles. They (29) allowtravelling salesmen, businessmen to save on food and hotel costs. (30) y ou park it, it can be your office, as well as your home.Section B 10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din （喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversationdifficult for anyone —but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing31 with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem — the slower 32 speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible (可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians ．And a new study of auditory training with a 33 _ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills ．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science’s “Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 after the same amount of time ．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was 35 by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of 36 hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and 37 between similarsounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories ．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings ．All of the participants showed improvement in these three 38 , but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was _39 by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to 40 to the sound — bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels ．III. Reading Comprehension Section A 15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA. accompaniedF. distinguishB. commercially G. funded H. measuresC. computerizedI. potentiallyD. contentsE. declineJ. processing K. respondA, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Depression: Second Biggest Cause of Disability in the World Depression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research. The disease must be treated as a global public health 41 , experts report in the journal PLOS Medicine. The study 42 clinical depression with more than 200 other diseases and injuries as a cause of disability. Globally, only a small proportion of patients have 43 to treatment, the World Health Organization says.Depression was 44 at number two as a global cause of disability, but its impact varies in different countries and regions. 45 , rates of major depression were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. In the UK, depression was rated at number three 46 years lived with a disability.Dr. Alize Ferrari fro m the University of Queensland’s School of Population Health led the study. “Depression is a big problem and we 47 need to pay more attention to it than we are now,” she told BBC News. There’s still more work to be done in arousing awareness of the disease and also in48 successful ways of treating it.“The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and 49 in high income countries.” Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there was alot more work to be done, she added. “There’s lots of stigma (病症) we know 50 with mental health,” she explained.“What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well. There are lots of cultural 51 and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all the more important to 52 awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to 53 it.”The data —for the year 2010 —follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.Commenting on the study, Dr. Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization s aid depression was a very disabling condition. “It’s a big public health 54 and a big problem to be reflected on but not enough is being done.” Around the world only a tiny 55 of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.41.A. concern B. issue C. priority D. discussion42.A. compared B. combined C. confused D. contacted43.A. objection B. access C. adaptation D. contribution44.A. considered B. evaluated C. determined D. ranked45.A. For example B. In addition C. In other words D. All in all46.A. in regard of B. in name of C. in terms of D. in face of47.A. probably B. definitely C. significantly D. randomly48.A. coming up with B. making up C. putting up with D. consisting of49.A. severer B. heavier C. lighter D. lower50.A. related B. associated C. relevant D. close51.A. ingredients B. interactions C. implications D. identities52.A. remove B. recreate C. raise D. rise53.A. avoid B. treat C. cure D. detect54.A. challenge B. agreement C. prediction D. outcome55.A. amount B. proportion C. quantity D. populationSection B 22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Digital Etiquette(礼节)Digital Etiquette, or netiquette, is a set of rules for how to behave online. It’s a lot like life etiquette, which is basically having good manners and treating others with respect. It’s just asimportant in our digital lives, including how we act in online games or how we communicate in emails, texts, instant messages and on social networking websites. All of these platforms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.Unfortunately, some people can lose control the second they jump online.When they disagree with someone, or have strong feeling about a topic, they end up saying stuff they’d never say in person! They may send ruder emails and IMs or try to start arguments on message boards. That’s called flaming, and it can lead to full-on flamewars, insulting arguments between two or more users.On the Internet, it’s pretty easy to stay anonymous, or unidentified. Having a secret identity to hide behind can make people pretty brave. And whenall they see of you is screen name or a funny icon, they might forget that they’re dealing with a real human being!The principle is simple: Just like in real life, you should treat other people the way you want to be treated. You wouldn’t want somebody to be rude to you, so don’t be rude to anyone else.Of course, netiquette isn’t just about being nice; it’s also about communicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and to the point. It also means making your messages easy to read and understand, which can depend on your audience. For instance, some abbreviations and emoticons may be fine with friends. But they’re generally not appropriate in formal co mmunication. And whatever you do, don’t write in all capital letters! Writing in all caps makes it seem like you’re yelling.Lastly, make sure you ask permission before posting anything about your friends on a blog or a social networking site. People’s per sonal information is private, and you can really ruin relationships if you post something that a friend —or a friend’s parents —don’t want on the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is not a private place; if you wouldn’t want a parent, teacher or future employer to see something you post, don’t post it!56.According to the passage, the users of social media are advised .A.to trigger arguments on message boardsB.to behave online with common courtesyC.to be respectful of others online rather than offlineD.to apply abbreviations and emoticons as many as possible57.Why might an anonymous Internet user feel bold enough to say horrible thingsin response to a blog post?A.Because he can make more friends if he says mean things.B.Because he knows his friends will recognize him and think better of him.C.Because he can insult others and not worry about revenge.D.Because he can impress older, smarter people with his remarks.58.Which of the following is the best way to text your uncle to say you’ll beback in an hour?A. B.C. D.Recycling at work - handy hints to employers59. Which of the following is a clear rule about posting photos online?A. If you take a photograph, it is yours to do as you please online.B. Information about your friends, including photographs, is private.C. It’s illegal to post pictures online without permission from people in the pictures.D. You should always avoid posting images on the internet.(B)Recycling at work - handy hints toemployersIt is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of their annual revenue. Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient, businesses not only increase profits but they also save natural resources.Setting up a company schemeGet everyone involved•Arouse awareness internally within the company, perhaps by putting up educational posters. •Appoint a person to be the point of contact for anyone with queries (问讯). There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation:•Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can reduce their waste the most within a specific time period. • Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements. Staff will then seethe impact their actions are having.PaperWhat to recycle and how • According to a recent survey, 65% of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace, but it is not necessary to discard it. It can serve a variety of purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be reused for internal mail.Plastic cups• Rather than supplying disposable plastic cups in your workplace, get ceramic mugs that can be reused. Not only do they make your tea taste better, but they can reduce your office waste by up to 10%!Electrical equipment• Rather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try upgrading it? This reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a new machine - a process which creates a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old computers to charities whenit comes to replacing them.60.What can the employer distribute to motivate staff to recycle more?cational posters.B. Annual reports.C. Regular newsletters.D. Competition rules.61.What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments?A.Disposable goods.B. Writing notes.C. Envelopes.D. Ceramic tableware.62.Which of the following is NOT included in the hints?A.Unwanted PCs can be sent to charities if the company has to buy new ones.B.Waste paper can be used as envelopes for internal mails before being thrownaway.C.One of the staff should be assigned to be responsible for the recyclingissue.cational posters can be displayed in the workplace to publicize therecycling scheme.(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking ab out the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy ( 配置) a superintelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的) or cyber, with unbelievable power.Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AI arelikely to perceive(感知) themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win thisrace is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.63.When an intelligent machine becomes smarter than humanity, .A.it will make itself better and may go beyond human controlB.it will help people to the fullest, especially in physical workC.it will threaten people by robbing them of jobsD.it will view itself as human race64.The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as “”.A.connectionB. hatredC. competitionD. disagreement65.How is the passage mainly developed?A.By making comparisons.B.By showing valid evidence.C.By giving assumptions.D.By analyzing statistics.66.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.For the God’s sake, stop AI and be yourselves!B.Can we build AI without losing control over it?C.For or against AI, that is the question!D.How does superintelligence serve the people?Section C 8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Parents simply cannot control all the possible paths their children may take.B.Research in developmental psychology ought to help parents relax.C.If a woman works outside the home, she’s depriving her children of her constant attention,but if she stays home, she tends to give her children too much love.D.According to Freud, after the first five “formative years” ended in the crisis of the OedipalComplex (俄狄浦斯情结), the c hild’s personality was set for life.E.Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate.F.Obviously it’s good to give children stimulation and attention from the start, but one wrongstep will not doom the child to psychological damage.Parenting Anxiety RelievedWoman are insecure because there is no commonly accepted idea of what it means to be a good mother. Fathers have it easier in this regard; they just have to show up and they are automatically considered “good”, whereas mothers are always trying to prove to themselves and the world that they aren’t“bad”.67In some ways, things are getting worse. Years ago, a woman was allowed five years to shape h er child’s personality. In recent years, however, some psychologists tell mothers that the first three years of life are the most important, while others think that all critical events happen during the first year.Ironically, this panic about doing the right thing to produce the perfectchild is probably the worst thing for the child and the parent. 68 Here is why.First, it is not harmful to children if their mothers work. Mothers who neglect their own need and abilities for the sake of their children do notbenefit their children, their marriage or themselves.Second, there is no crucial moment or stage in early childhood in which a child’s fate is determined forever. 69 Children are more flexible than that.Research also finds that some children who have had the best parental care and guidance later give in to drugs, addiction, mental illness or violence.70 Between the parents’best efforts and the resulting child lie other factors: the child’s nature, genetically influenced characters, experiences outside the family and the child’s knowledge of events. Parents can help an inborn shy child learn to cope better in situations that make the child anxious, but they aren’t going to turn her into Britney Spears.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) ofthe passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” that matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parentsshout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise.Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means ofbroadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores — one marker of elite colleges —didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them — either because of rejection or by their own choice — are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than averag e academic ability of their classmates.”V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.众所周知, 与他人和睦相处是生活幸福的要素之一。
2018-2019学年普陀区高三年级英语一模测试卷（含答案解析版）
普陀区2018-2019学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%The Best Book I’ve Ever ReadFrankly, I have read nearly all of the great works of literature, but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly ____1____Joel Stein‘s Man Made: A Stupid Quest for Masendinity.Haven‘t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in ____2____ 1970s with only female friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? Haven‘t we all had a panic attack ____3____learning we‘re going to have a son, since that means we‘re going to have to figure out how to throw footballs, watch other people throw footballs and decide ____4____ to be happy or sad about the results of football th rowing? Haven‘t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires with firefighters, ____5____ (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I have.The only parts I didn‘t fully enjoy were ___6___ in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier. The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets ____7____ (turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other.____8____this is only Stein‘s first book, I would already consider him as someone like David Sedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln. I ____9____ (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again. My one fear is ____10____ after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times.【答案】1. as 2. the3. when4. whether5. driving6. those7. turned8. Though/Although/While9. have recommended10. that【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。
上海普陀区高三英语一模试卷及答案讲解学习
普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语I.ListeningComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd. C. On February 3rd D. On February 8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6.A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually empty B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C. The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffe isn’t allowed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man’s offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12.Agive advice B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Accept so meone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B.We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful. D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats. B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) ___________ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities. Two women who (23) __________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise)awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked wi th the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meetingsome of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF. reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are __ 31 ____ whether some paintings attributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very muchlike that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ____ 32 ____ it could not be a work byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ i s dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _____ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and ________ 36 __ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light ____ 37 ____ o nto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _____ 38 __ that it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was ____ 40 __ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.ReadingComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ peoplethe ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community serviceon that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year,at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. R egardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreationSection B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hittheir students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he had to make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by______ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.B. Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B. Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costs Holiday Plus Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!HolidaylocationMountain Lodge A unique wilderness retreat on the edge of the World Heritage-listed National Park and only 5 km from the sea Pelican Resort A true coral island right on the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Swim straight for the beach Cedar Lodge A mixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings for those over 25Price* $330 $580 $740Number of nights2 4 4 Daily mealsincluded in package Mountain buffet breakfast Free soft drink always available Hot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course dinner Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional extra)Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optional extra) Renovation: resort willclose for May Free minibus trip around island Plane flights to WilsonIsland only $50Oldest living rainforest Free bikes and tennis courts; horse-riding extra Transportto/from airport Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus three times/week approx.2 hours1/2 hour by minibus10 mins by taxi *Price ： per person, per package, twin share Children 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.A.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.I n contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and tak e responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to ______ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。
2018届上海市普陀区高三质量调研（一模）英语试题及答案
2018届上海市普陀区高三质量调研（一模）英语试题及答案普陀区2018学年第一学期高三英语质量调研（考试时间 120分钟试卷满分 150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. Twins. B. Classmates. C. Friends.D. Colleagues.2. A. At a gas station. B. In a workshop.C. At an art gallery.D. In a department store.3. A. She’s written some books about classics.B. She’s learned a lot from the l iterature class.C. She’s met some of the world’s best writers.D. She’s just returnedfrom a trip round the world.4. A. Ten years. B. Twenty years.C. Forty years.D. A hundred years.5. A. The woman followed the man’s advice.B. The woman wasgoing to have a haircut.C. The man didn’t care if the woman had her hair cut.D. The man didn’t want the woman to have her hair cut.6. A. She just read only part of the book.B. She was interested in reading novels.C. She seldom read books from cover to cover.D. She wasanxious to know what the book was about.7. A. Young people lose their jobs easily.B. Young people are too eager to succeed.C. Young people seldom stay long on the same job.D. Young people are too quick in making decisions.8. A. Worried. B. Relieved. C. Doubtful.D. Thankful.9. A. Quit delivering flowers. B. Work at a restaurant.C. Bring her flowers every day.D. Leave his job to work for her.10. A. Tony could not continue the experiment.B. Tony finished the experiment last night.C. Tony thought the experiment was well done.D. Tony had expected the experiment to be easier.Section BPassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She missed her grandfather greatly.B. She seldom talked with her mother.C. Her mother didn’t love her as much as her grandfather did.D. Her mother was the subject of talks with her grandfather.12.A. Co-workers cannot be your close friends.B. People will be pleased if you call them at 2:00 AM.C. You can't discuss your problems with a distant family.D. The one you can call at 2:00 AM is someone close to you in spirit.。
普陀区高三上学期教学质量调研英语试卷Word版含答案
普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语质量调研II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) __________ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) _______________ amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) _________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) __________________ (raise) awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is thepeople who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) ___________________ disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “(26) _____ _________ _______ I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 somepeople say. However, the women (27) __________ use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) _____ it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is therefor walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29)__________(inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Could It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are ___ 31 ____ whether some paintings attributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed toRembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is verymuch like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ______ 32 ____ it could not be a work byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _______ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been _______ 35 _______ o f such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and __________ 36 ___ , but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light 37 ______ o nto itfrom below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _______ 38 ___ that it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was _____ 40 ___ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.Reading ComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness sincean inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.Section B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he had to make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired b y _________ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)rainforest surroundings for$330 $580*Price：per person, per package, twin shareChildren 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A.Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.B.Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A.Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B.Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C.All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D.Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costsA.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules andpunishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to _________ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enoughto eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teach ing as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%学习必备欢迎下载Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。
英语_2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷(含答案)
2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷二、Part 2 Phonetics，Grammar and Vocabulary（第二部分语音，语法和词汇）（共50分）1. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others？（）A Don't put your feet on my s ea t!B We will r ea ch Beijing in 2 hoursC What's them ea ning of this word？ D Could I have some noodles inst ea d of rice？2. Mike goes for________walk after dinner in the garden every day．（）A littleB a littleC fewD a few3. Bill is a new comer in this neighbourhood and has ________ friends here，so he feels lonely．（）A littleB a littleC fewD a few4. Let's have a rest ________ the time being，then we will continue to discuss the plan．（）A onB inC atD for5. Many kind people often visit the young patients in the children's hospital to cheep________ up．（）A theyB themC theirD theirs6. The tree on________sides of the road were decorated beautifully at Christmas（）A allB neitherC anyD both7. US president Donald Trump started his visit China ________ November8，2017．（）A withB inC onD of8. When the flood broke out，college students joined the volunteer group one after________．（）A anotherB otherC othersD the others9. It's much________to carry the computers around as they are becoming smaller and smaller．（）A easyB easierC easiestD the easiest10. It is hard to review the knowledge we learn in class ________ we take notes．（）A IfB unlessC whenD after11. We feel so proud that our country has developed ________ than before．（）A quickB quicklyC more quicklyD most quickly12. Doris________ dancing in the school club for about ten months and can dance well now．（）A is learningB will learnC learnsD has learned13. My memory is so bad these days．I keep ________ what I've just said．（）A forgetB to forgetC forgettingD forgot14. Beautiful songs and excellent performance let the audience ________ excited．（）A feelB to feelC feelingD felt15. It is relaxing ________ a shower after a day's hard work．（）A takeB takingC to takeD taken16. Kevin promises that if anyone has difficulties in the job，he________the first one to help．（）A will beB would beC wasD a few17. ﹣﹣________ will the visitors arrive at our school？In about 40minutes．（）A How longB How soonC How muchD How far18. The government says actions________ be taken to stop child abuse（虐待儿童）in the kindergarten（）A mayB canC wouldD should19. ﹣﹣________﹣﹣I think I can manage myself，but thank you all the same．（）A Anything I can do to help？B Did you enjoy your holiday in London，Jill？C Let's take a short breakD Imagine what may happen in the future20. ﹣﹣In my opinion，we should help the old in our neighbourhood as often as possible．（）﹣﹣________A Never mindB I think so，tooC That's all rightD Yes，please三、Complete the following passages with the words in the box.Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）21. A．relationship B．various C．special D．custom E．disappointedTea culture is different in countries in the world．There are（1）_______ ways that are commonly used to make tea，such as white tea，green tea and black tea．And how to prepare tea may be different，too．In some places，people often boil tea with salt and butter．People may drink tea at home or in public，for example，at tea houses．As part of culture，tea has a（2）_______with history，health，education，communication and so on．In some countries，tea plays an important part in social activities．For example，afternoon tea is a British（3）_______．Families or friends can communicate with each other while having afternoon tea．Tea has remained a way of daily life in China and drinking tea has a lot of advantages．It makes people less tired and helps to clear heat in the human body．Chinese people are also good at using tea to cook some （4）_______ dishes．Tea eggs and tea shrimps are among the most popular ones．22. A．operated B．immediately C．blew D．extremely E．collectedMoney really fell from the sky!Many people in Garden City were（1）_______surprised at this last week．This happened in the afternoon when there was a sudden strong wind．A 22﹣year﹣old girl was taking the money in an envelope from her company to the bank．She was ready to cross a busy street when the strong wind（2）_______her skirt up．To hold skirt down，she put her hands on her skirt（3）_______．Then the envelope dropped．There were fifty thousand US dollars in cash inside and the wind carried the money into the air．The money started falling all over the street．She （4）_______all the money she could find and with the help of the people passed by，she got back most of the money．Theclerk's manager was very understanding，but he told her to wear trousers to work fromthen on．四、Complete the sentences with given words in their proper forms（用单词的适当形式填空）（共8分）23. Tyron went to live in Australia with his family in his________ （fifty）．24. Those girls enjoyed________ in the party last night．（they）．25. There is a well﹣known beach three________ away from my hometown．（mile）．26. Oliver is so________that he has lost three cell phones on the bus．（care）．27. Before we see the film，we can read some reviews of it on theInternet________．（recently）．28. To our________，the stranger turned out to be an old friend of my mother's．（surprised）．29. May will________in the losing weight with the doctor's helpful instructions．（success）．30. The________of his daughter in the traffic accident made him very sad．（die）．五、V. Complete the following sentences as required（按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词，68题2分，其余1分1空）（共14分）31. Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day．（改为一般疑问句）________students in our school________lunch at about half past eleven every day？32. Simon has worked as an estate agent ________（对划线部分提问）________has Simon worked as an estate agent？33. Chinese Poetry Competition（中国诗词大会）is an exciting program．（改为感叹句）________exciting program Chinese Poetry Competition is!34. Who will look after your pet when you're away？（保持原意不变）Who will________your pet when you're away？35. Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day．（改为一般疑问句）________students in our school________lunch at about half past eleven every day？36. Does her aunt live in Canada？I am not sure．（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I am not sure________ her aunt________ in Canada．37. set off，I，early，to，fresh air，breathe，in the forest（连词成句）________．六、Part 3 Reading and Writing（第三部分读写）（共70分）VI.Reading Comprehension（阅读理解）（共50分）38. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）Basic PhotographyThis is an eight﹣four course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera．The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light, and lenses（镜头．Bring your own 35mm camera to class．Course Charge: 150Jan 9, 11, 16, 18, Tues & Thurs.6﹣8pmMarianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in manymagazines．________This twelve﹣hour course is for people who don't know much about computers, but who need to learn about them．You will learn what computers are, what they can and can't do, and how to use them．;Course Charge: 75 Equipment Charge: 10 Jan 6, 13, 20, 27, Sat 9﹣12amJoseph Saimders is professor of computer science at New Area University．He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field．Stop SmokingHave you already tried to stop smoking and failed? Now it's the time to stop smoking using the latest methods．You can stop smoking without pain or any medicine and this twelve﹣hour course will help you do it．Course Charge: 30Jan.8, 15, 22, 29, Mon.4﹣7pmJohn Goode is an experienced doctor who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking． TypingThis course on weekdays is for those who want to learn to type as well as those who want to improve their typing．You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels．This allows you to learn at your own speed．Each program lasts20hours．Bring your own paper．Course Charge: 125Materials Charge: 125Two hours each evening for two weeks.\This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before．If you are interested, please call 5647 8833, or contact us at www．Redstar．comYou can also fill the form given and mail is to 781N．Blue Lake Street, Green Island．（1）You need to pay________if you want to learn something about taking picturesA 30．B 75．C 125．D 150．（2）Which can be filled in the"________"as the title for the second course？________A Designing computers．B Communicating online．C Understanding computers．D Learning computer games．（3）If you take the third course，you can give up smoking________．A in a more pleasant way．B with the help of Joseph Saimde．C by taking the latest medicine．D in twelve hours．（4）You'll be given a test in the first typing class so that you can know________．A how many hours of classes you should take in two weeks．B which typing skill levelyou are at． C what kind of business you should learn． D how much you need to pay for each program．（5）This advertisement is probably made by a/an________．A travel agency．B amusement park．C exhibition﹣centre．D training centre．（6）The advertiser has offered________ways to contact them．A two．B three．C four．D five．39. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）In today's English class, students had a speech competition．They talked about whether e ﹣books should take the place of print books．The following are the speeches given by two students．Joshua Lee:While many people argue that e﹣books don't feel the same as"real"books we should consider that the printing industry does a lot of harm to our（1）_______．Producing books means cutting down millions of trees for paper, and the processes of printing requires a great deal of energy．E﹣books need no papers at all．They will probably（2）_______ our use of energy and natural resources．（3）_______, e﹣books allow people to get information more easily．E﹣books can be stored and selected form huge digital libraries．These libraries can hold many more books than a traditional bookstore or library can．People can quickly find and read their books on an e﹣reader at any time and in any place．Joy Pamnani:I strongly believe that print books must（4）_______．In my opinion, e﹣books have many disadvantages, E﹣books aren't as environmentally friendly as you think．A common argument used by e﹣book supporters is that e﹣books save paper．But isn't it also true that there's more carbon being let out by the electronic devices（设备）?Since you have to spend extra money on those devices before you can buy and read e﹣books, they aren't（5）_______at all．Besides, you can't easily write notes on an e﹣reader, and you can't read anything when they run out of battery．E﹣books are unhealthy too．The light given off by these devices can lead to（6）_______ problem．A study showed it took e﹣book readers an average of ten minutes longer to fall asleep than those who read print books．（1）A traditionB environmentC healthD culture（2）A reduceB protectC describeD limit（3）A As a resultB By the wayC On one handD What's more（4）A changeB helpC stayD return（5）A cheapB usefulC interestingD different（6）A readingB memoryC sleepD eating40.根据短文内容及首字母提示，在句子空白处填入一个恰当的词，使短文内容完整、通顺。
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普陀区2018学年第一学期高三英语质量调研（考试时间 120分钟试卷满分 150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. Twins. B. Classmates. C. Friends.D. Colleagues.2. A. At a gas station. B. In a workshop.C. At an art gallery.D. In a department store.3. A. She’s written some books about classics.B. She’s learned a lot from the l iterature class.C. She’s met some of the world’s best writers.D. She’s just returnedfrom a trip round the world.4. A. Ten years. B. Twenty years.C. Forty years.D. A hundred years.5. A. The woman followed the man’s advice.B. The woman wasgoing to have a haircut.C. The man didn’t care if the woman had her hair cut.D. The man didn’t want the woman to have her hair cut.6. A. She just read only part of the book.B. She was interested in reading novels.C. She seldom read books from cover to cover.D. She wasanxious to know what the book was about.7. A. Young people lose their jobs easily.B. Young people are too eager to succeed.C. Young people seldom stay long on the same job.D. Young people are too quick in making decisions.8. A. Worried. B. Relieved. C. Doubtful.D. Thankful.9. A. Quit delivering flowers. B. Work at a restaurant.C. Bring her flowers every day.D. Leave his job to work for her.10. A. Tony could not continue the experiment.B. Tony finished the experiment last night.C. Tony thought the experiment was well done.D. Tony had expected the experiment to be easier.Section BPassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She missed her grandfather greatly.B. She seldom talked with her mother.C. Her mother didn’t love her as much as her grandfather did.D. Her mother was the subject of talks with her grandfather.12.A. Co-workers cannot be your close friends.B. People will be pleased if you call them at 2:00 AM.C. You can't discuss your problems with a distant family.D. The one you can call at 2:00 AM is someone close to you in spirit.13.A. Parents should understand their kids.B. There are many ways to make friends.C. The earth is an inhabited garden if you have close friends.D. There is a difference between a lonely desert and an inhabited garden.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The prison gates are always open. B. Its prisoners can work outside.C. The prison has no armed guards.D. The prison is open to the public.15. A. It has no security measures.B. It is run on the principle of trusting prisoners.C. The prisoners are provided with jobs on release.D. Its prisoners are seldom made to work overtime.16. A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Critical.D.Neutral.Section CLonger ConversationsDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice.After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORDfor each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Left HandednessWhat do Leonardo da Vinci, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed, along with other famous people including Barack Obama. In fact, an estimated 13 percent of the world’s population (25)______ be left-handed.Most people are right-handed. This fact also seems to have held true (26)______ history. In 1977, scientists studied works of art made at various times starting with cave drawings from 15,000 B.C. and ending with paintings from the 1950s. Most of the people (27)______ (show) in these works of art are right-handed.Many researchers claim (28)______ (find)relationships between left-handedness and various physical and mental characteristics. However, (29)______ of these connections are very weak, and others have not been proven.What makes a person become right-handed rather than left-handed? As yet, no one really knows for sure. (30)______ ______ ______ reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. Thereare even a number of shops (31)______ (specialize) inselling products for left-handed people, such as left-handed scissors, can openers, guitars, and even a left-handed camera.In 1976, Left-Handers International, a group of left-handed people in Topeka, Kansas, in the United States, decided to start (32)______ annual event in order to clear up misunderstandings aboutleft-handedness.(B)Motivating Students(33)______ ______ a young child might be nervous about starting school, he or she is often excited on the first day of school. Perhaps that excitement lasts through the first few years of school. But over time, many children are much (34) ______ (excited) about going to school because school becomes a place of “all work and no p l a y.”A s t h e y e a r s g o b y,s t u d e n t s (35)______(pressure) to do more work and to do it better, make better test scores, and have a higher class rank. It is therefore not surprising that by middle school many students lose interest in school and learning.Teachers face a big challenge in such a situation. W h e n t h e y e n t e r a c l a s s r o o m(36)______ ______ most of the students do not want to be there and do not want to study, how can they teach? Some teachers may be tempted to focus their energy on the handful of students in the classroom who show an interest in (37)______(learn). Other teachers have to reward “good”students and punishing “bad”students in the hope (38)______ this may somehow motivate all students to try harder.Through his own teaching experience, Dr. Richard Lavoie became interested in the problem of motivating students. He (39)______(wonder) what motivates some students to want to learn. In studying this question, Dr. Lavoie discovered that other people have done a lot of research into this question already. However, those people do not work in schools. The people who seemed to know the most about (40)______ motivates kids were researchers who work for companies that were advertising products such as toys and music for children.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe,”Stephen Hawking says.Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most important scientists, believes that to __41__, humans must move into space.Today, the United States, India, China, and Japan are all planning to send astronauts back to Earth’s closest __42__: the moon. Each country wants to create space stations there between 2020 and 2030. These stations will __43__prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should __44__ space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? There are several advantages: for one, sending people to the moon and Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, whether living on other planets is possible. Then, we can eventually__45__ new human societies onother planets. In addition, the __46__ we make for space travel in the fields of science, technology, medicine, and health can also benefit us here on Earth.But not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a(n)__47__ idea. Many say it’s too expensive to send people, even on a short __48__. And most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take about six months. People travelling this kind of distance face a number of health problems. Also, for many early space __49__, life would be extremely difficult. On the moon’s surface, for example, the air and the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.Despite these __50__, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see lunar(月球上的) cities and maybe even new human cultures on other planets.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she__51__ information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is __52__ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to __53__ exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain. __54__, a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhapsthe best way to __55__ memory is to say that it is a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to __56__ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.Memory can be __57__ affected by a number of things. __58__ nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent __59__ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it __60__ to register information in the brain.When people talk about memory, they often__61__ short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute. __62__, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which __63__ information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough __64__. For example, if you meet some newpeople and right away forget their names, it is because you did not __65__ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.51. A. collects B. processes C. publishesD. absorbs52. A. necessary B. important C. difficultD. convenient53. A. figure out B. take out C. put outD. give out54. A. After all B.Instead C.By contrastD. Besides55. A. recall B. refresh C. describeD. decrease56. A. lose B. organize C. identifyD. strengthen57. A. positively B. negatively C. activelyD. directly58. A. Poor B. Adequate C. Special D. Various59. A. benefit B. offence C. effectD. damage60. A. easier B. more impressive C. harderD. more convenient61. A. refer to B. apply for C. come acrossD. break down62. A. Furthermore B. However C.ConsequentlyD. Otherwise63. A. leaks B. transmits C. checksD. stores64. A. in the middle B. at the end C. in the beginning D. ahead of time65. A. restore B. record C. replaceD. respondSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In 1991, high in the mountains of Europe, hikers made a discovery: a dead man partly frozen in the ice. However,the police investigation soon became a scientific one. Carbon dating indicated that the man died over 5,300 years ago. Today he is known as the Iceman and has been nicknamed “Ötzi” for the Ötztal Alps where he was found. Kept in perfect condition by the ice, he is the oldest complete human body on the earth.Scientists think he was an important person in his society. An examination of his teeth and skull tells us that he was not a young man.His arms were not the arms of a laborer. His dagger(匕首) was made of stone, but he carried a copper axe. This implies wealth, and he was probably from the upper classes.We know he could make fire, as a fire-starting kit was discovered with him. Even the food he had eaten enabled scientists to reason exactly where in Italy he lived.But why did the Iceman die in such a high and icy place? There have been many theories. Some said he was a lost shepherd. Others thought he was killed in a religious ceremony. Over the years since he was found, tiny scientific discoveries have led to great changes in our understanding of the story of the Iceman. The newest scientific information indicates that he was cruellymurdered. “Even five years ago, the story was that he fled up there and walked around in the snow and probably died of exposure,”said Klaus Oeggl, a scientist at the University of Innsbruc k in Austria. “Now i t’s all changed. It’s more like a…crime scene.”In June 2001, an X-ray examination of the body showed a small dark shape beneath the Iceman’s left shoulder. It was the stone head of an arrow. It had caused a deadly injury that probably killed him very quickly. In 2003, an Australian scientist discovered the blood of four different people on the clothes of the Iceman. Did a bloody fight take place before his murder? Injuries on his hand and head indicate that this may be true. One theory, put forward by archeologist(考古学家) WalterLeitner, says that the Iceman’s murder was the end of a fight for power among his people. However, this idea is certainly debatable.66. What does “Ötzi”refer to ________.A. the oldest perfectly preserved human bodyB. the most famous tourist attractionÖtztal AlpsC. an important discovery by the police of EuropeD. the person living in Ötztal Alps for a long time67. After the examination of the Iceman, scientists believe that ________.A. he died at an early ageB. he made a fire-starting kitC. he had a higher social statusD. he was born at a village in Italy68. According to Klaus Oeggl, the Iceman died from________.A. a serious diseaseB. a snow disasterC. a religious faithD. a terrible murder69. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. The life of ancient people in the AlpsMountains.B. The cruel religious life of the Europeans in the past.C. The discovery andpossiblecause of death of the Iceman.D. The application of carbon dating technology to the Iceman.(B)Cambridge Schools Conference 2018 - book your place todayInspiring teachers, inspiring learners: How we prepare learners for a lifetime of learning.Dear ColleagueThe Cambridge Schools Conference is taking place in Colombo, Sri Lanka from 3-5 Jan Booking for the conference closes on 24December 2018, book now to secure your place.Feedback from schools that attended our recent conference in Cambridge includes:“Outstanding keynote presentation by Guy Claxton”Roland Ebiye-Koripamo, Cita International School “A Cambridge Conference shoots up the expectation level of the representativesand when it not just reaches that level but surpasses it with excellence, you define it as the Cambridge Schools Conference, 2018!”SeemaAnis, Al Waha International School, Jeddah“I have met so many interesting people. Having the opportunity to meet educators from all over the world is a unique experience.”Luciana Fernandez, ESSARP, ArgentinaThe conference brings together a community of teachers representing schools from many different countries and contexts, to consider approaches to common challenges. Our programme is designed to support professional learning by offering a range of perspectives on the conference theme. Discuss and debate these in our panel sessions (小组会议) and explore their implications in group discussions and workshops.We look forward to welcoming you to Colombo.Events TeamCambridge International ExaminationsFollow @CIE_Education for news and information about the conference. Use the hashtag#csconf15 to join the conversation.Forward to a friend|Unsubscribe © 2018 Cambridge International Examinations 70. The theme of the Cambridge Schools Conference 2018 is about _________.A. lifelong learningB. teaching approachesC. common challengesD. inspiring teachers71. The letter is most probably for those who _________.A. are the members of CIEB. work in education institutesC. givefeedback to the conferenceD. can offer a range of perspectives72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The conference closes on 24DecemberB. The conferenceis held in University of Cambridge.D. The conference encourages various views on lifelong learning.C. The conference provides the most effective approaches on lifelong learning.(C)Big trees are incredibly important ecologically. For a start, they provide food for countless other species and shelter for many animals. With their tall branches in the sun, they capture vast amounts of energy. This allows them to produce massive crops of fruit and flowers that sustain much of the animal life in the forest.Only a small number of tree species have the genetic abilityto grow really big. The biggest are native to North America, but big trees grow all over the globe, from the tropics to the forests of the high latitudes(纬度). To achieve giant size, a tree needs three things: the right place to establish its seedling, good growing conditions and lots of time with low adult death rate. Lose any of these, and you will lose your biggest trees.In some parts of the world, populations of big trees are dwindling because their seedlings cannot survive. In southern India, for instance, an aggressive non-native bush, Lantana camara, is invading the floor of many forests. Lantana grows so thickly that young trees often fail to take root. With no young trees to replace them, it is only a matter of time before most of the big trees disappear.Without the right growing conditions, trees cannot get really bigand there is some evidence to suggest tree growth could slow in a warmer world, particularly in environments that are already warm. Having worked for decades at La Selva Biological Station in Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica, David and Deborah Clark andcolleagues have shown that tree growth there declines markedly in warmer years. “During the day, their growth shuts down when it gets too warm, and at night they consume more energy because their metabolic(新陈代谢的) ra te increases,” explains David Clark. With less energy produced in warmer years and more being consumed just to survive, there is even less energy available for growth.The Clarks’ theory, if correct, means tropical forests would shrink over time.The largest, oldest trees would progressively die off and tend not to be replaced. According to the Clarks, this might cause a destabilization of the climate; as older trees die, forests would release some of their stored carbon into the atmosphere, causing a cycle of further warming, forest shrinkage and carbon emissions.Besides, big trees face threats from elsewhere. 73. According to the passage, big trees make great contributions to theecosystem because ________.A. they can capture large amounts of energyB. they determine the change of global climateC. they provide the essentials for many creaturesD. they can avoid a new cycle of further warming74. All the following factors are a must for making big treesEXCEPT ______.A. no deadly damageB. genetic contributionC. ideal environmentfor growthD.high-latitude location75. The word “dwindling” (paragraph3) is closest in meaning to “______”.A. explodingB. growingC. changingD. declining76. What is the best title of the passage?A. Big trees in trouble.B. Advantages of big trees.C. Results of big trees’ disappearing.D. Importanceof big trees to humans.77. What will the author most probably discuss after the last paragraph?A. More threats to the existence of big tress.B. The effect of human activities on big trees.C. Benefits of big trees to the whole atmosphere.D. Comparison between common trees and big ones.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups. In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.“Two heads are better than one.” That’s the simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students. They get to pick each other’s brains and improve their own underst anding of different problems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense atmosphere in which it’s good to study. For example, some students tend to procrastinate (拖延) when they are studying by themselves; however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peerswho are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small—four to five participants is about right. And it’s necessary to make sure everyon e has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the week’s lecture notes. Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted. Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to identify their sources. For instance, when a group member says “I read somewhere that ... ,” the source-seeker should ask for specifics. This person reminds the group tha t it’s important to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to make sure that all group members areparticipating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Many universities encourage students to take advantage of ________ for better grades rather than learning alone.79. Peers are not only the best academic resources but also motivate each other to _________ when learning in groups.80. According to paragraph 3, besides the small size, what are the other two factors that could help a study group work best?81. All the members in the study group will be assigned different roles because people believe that it will result in _______.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、孩子们总是对圣诞节的礼物充满好奇。