Issue例子库

Issue例子库
1. 书名：Guns, Germs and steel: the Fate of Human Societies
作者：Jared Diamond, a professor of geography and physiology at UCLA
荣誉：Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction
观点：the book attempts to explain why Eurasian Civilizations have survived and conquered others. Diamond attribute the superiority of Eurasian civilization to the influence of geography and agriculture to the societies and cultures, which is against what former scholars argue that Eurasian hegemony is due to any form of Eurasian intellectual, moral or inherent superiority.
Diamond places agriculture as an extremely important factor of Eurasian hegemony. And he says in the book what is crucial for the development of agriculture is the availability of edible wild food species suitable for domestication. Farming appeared early in Eurasian area with abundance area of nutritious and easy domesticated plant species. In contrast, in America, farmers have to struggle to grow corn, which delayed the appearance of agriculture.
与题目结合：挑战权威、多学科学习interdisciplinary (geology, history, anthropology, botany, climatology…)
2. Martin Luther King
成就：American activist, humanitarian and leader in African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is famous for advancing civil rights using nonviolent civil disobediencebased on his Christian beliefs.
神童、英雄：as a precocious students, Martin Luther King skipped both the ninth and the twelfth grades of his high school. And when he was a junior students, Morehouse college announced that it would accept any high school students who passed the entrance exam. At the age of fifteen, Martin pass the exams and enter the Morehouse college.
挑战权威：Montgomery Bus Boycott
1955.12Rose Parks was arrested for not giving up her seats to white people. The Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King soon followed to fight against racial segregation, which leads to an end of racial segregation on all Montgomery bus. Challenge the law
崇拜英雄：King limited his wife’s role in civil rights movement, expecting her to be a house wife and mother. (Coretta Scott)
3. Mahatma Gandhi
成就：preeminent leaders of India Independent Movement in British ruled India. He also inspired movements for independence and civil rights all over the world. Regarded by India as “the Father of the nation”and his birth day is commemorated as a national holiday
反对权威：Mahatma Gandhi led India in challenging the British-imposed salt tax in 1930 and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942
反对现代科技：He lived in a self-sufficient residential community and wore traditional Indian clothes. And his economics also focused on the need for self-efficiency at the village level. He challenged the modernizers who called for rapid industrialization on the model of Soviet. He thought that modernization is harmful to people and contrary to the needs of the villages where most people lived. However, after his death, Nehru changed his policy and led India to develop heavy industry and accelerate the process of modernization. It is widely acknowledged that it was Nehru’s policy, not Gandhi’s that was preferred by India.
4. Nelson Mandela
成就：a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary. The first black chief executive of South Africa. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid. 政治人物任期：He refused to run for second term on the new Constitution of South Africa,1996, succeeded by Mbeki, which won him reputation for breadth of mind throughout South Africa.
家庭：married three times. His first marriage was ended because of his adultery and constant absences. One of his sons died of car accident, and another of AIDS. And his second divorce happened in 1996.
个性：friendly and welcoming, even to his opponents. Often talk to children and servants.Modest
环境造就人，时势造英雄：I am not a messiah, but an ordinary man who had become a leader because of extraordinarycircumstance.
·The chains on any one of my people were the chains on all of them, the chains on all of my people werethe chains on me.
5. Aung San Suukyi
成就：a Burmese opposition politician and chairperson of National League for Democracy in Burma
remained under house arrested for more than 15 years.
Noble Peace Price in 1991
家庭影响：her father Aung san founded the modern Burmese Army and negotiated Burma independence from British in 1947.
6. Blessed Teresa of Calcutta
7. Greek referendum
Greek government offers Greek people a vote on a rescue package from creditors. ·Scottish referendum
Scottish government also offered a referendum for its people to decide whether Scotland should become independent from the UK.
8. Forrest Gump
个性：a short-witted, naïve, kind, athletic man who witnessed and to some extent influenced many important events happening in the latter half of 20th century.
He does not understand everything, but he understands everything he needs to know, for example, love.
His experience reflects what America experienced in late 20th century. And his characteristics also reveal what Americans treasure, such as love, determined, honest, bravery…
9. Yuefei身后评价
a general in Song dynasty of China. He was against the emperor’s decision to negotiate peace with Jin, so he was beheaded as a warning to others who wanted to challenge the emperor.
科学家
8. Yuan Longping
身份：a Chinese agriculturist
成就：famous for developing the first hybrid rice varieties in 1970s. Since then, hybrid rice has been grown in lots of countries in Africa, America and Asia, providing sufficient food resource in high famine risk areas.
·the United Nation Food and Agriculture Organization 1991 statistics show that 20 percent of the world’s rice output came from 10 percent of the world’s rice fields that grow hybrid rice.
·won the States Preeminent Science and Technology Award of China in 2000, and World Food Prize in 2004.
科技的利与弊
9. nuclear weapon
before the first nuclear weapon was developed, Manhattan Project scientists were divided over the use of nuclear weapon.
·好处：demonstrate a nation’s military power.
·坏处：the two atomic bombs that hit Japan-the first exploded in Hiroshima on Aug. 6th, 1945, and the second exploded Nagasaki three days after the first- cause great disaster to the nation-more than a hundred thousand people died and injured, and lef t irreversible damage to the areas. The rule of the two atomic bombs played in the Japan’s surrender had been debated for decades.
10. Human cloning
There are various debates on cloning, especially on human cloning.
好处：for therapeutic and reproductive use.
Therapeutic cloning can help develop tissues and organs which can be used for the treatment of patients
Reproductive cloning can help parents who cannot reproduce by
themselves to have children.
坏处：religious opponents think cloning usurps god’s place. Secular opponents worry about how cloned people deal with families and society.
环保
1.Wolong National Nature Reserve
性质：a protect area located in Sichuan province, China.
贡献：There are over 4000 species recorded in the reserve, including more than 150 highly endangered giant pandas. It is also a home to many other endangered and precious animals and plants, for example, red pandas, golden monkeys and white lip deer.
Millions of visitors go to Wolong National Nature Reserve every year to enjoy the great treasures provided by nature.
2. Yellowstone National Park
性质：the first national park in the world located in the US
特点：famous for its wildlife and many geothermal features.
Many types of ecosystems
Home to hundreds of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, including many that are endangered.
3. there is statistic evidence showing that animals becoming extinct because of human activity are a hundred time more than those extinct due to natural reasons.
4. look deep into nature and then you will understand everything better 爱因斯坦
5. Explosion happened in Tianjin on Aug.12, 2015 was an emergent accidents, which caused hundreds people died and injured and a large number of building collapsed, leaving more than ten thousands people homeless. Government should take immediate action allocate money to settle down survivors and comfort families of died and injured. Otherwise, the society may become disordered and fall in to panic.
The explosion was caused by improper preservation of dangerous cargo. And the exploded dangerous preservation led great damage to the environment in the area, including soil, water, air… immediate solution are needed.
丑闻：
1. Bill Clinton
身份：the 42th President of the United States
成就：preside over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in America History
As he was leaving office, a CNN poll revealed that 68 percent people thought that he would be remembered for his involvement in personal scandal. 47percent people thought that he would be remembered as either outstanding or above average.
After leaving office, his Gallup Poll rating of 66 percent was the highest approval rating of any postwar presidents.
Policy: North American Free Trade Agreement; welfare reform
丑闻：Lewinsky Scandal
性质：a sexual scandal between Bill Clinton and White House employee Monica Lewinsky
2. Richard Nixon
Watergate Scandal
Lost much popular support.
Faced with loss of political support and near-certainty of impeachment, Nixon resigned the office of presidency on Aug. 9th, 1974
3. guanzhong
In ancient china, there was a political official called Guan Zhong. He was one of the great prime ministers in feudal China, even though he could not be regarded as maintaining the highest ethical and moral standards. He was initially the secretary of Prince Jiu. Prince Jiu tried to usurp the throne of his father, but he failed and was killed. According to the codes of ethics in ancient feudal China, a subordinate was supposed to commit suicide if his superior had been killed. However, Guan Zhong didn’t do that, instead he surrendered to the political opponent of Prince Jiu, which was regard as disloyalty then. After that, he made his vassal state t he richest at that time. The disloyalty did not overshadow his reputation as one of the greatest prime minister in feudal China, because he provided people with better life.
4. John Higgins, a Scottish snooker player
成就：one of the most successful players in the modern history of sports.
丑闻（媒体）Sting operation（钓鱼执法）
In 2010, the News of World tabloid carried out a sting operation in a hotel room in Ukraine, which showed that Higgins was arranging to lose specific frames in future matches for money. Although he was cleared of match-fixing allegations by an investigation, he was still banned from professional competitions for six months,and fined a large amount of money. Although he returned to the tour midway through 2010/2011season, this scandal left irreversible damage to his career as a snooker.
5. 如羅斯福，他也有EX- marital scandal ，但是這些行為比起他的成就——走出大蕭條，領導二戰取得勝利，他是公認的20世紀最偉大的總統，人們及使知道醜聞，但是仍然和以前一樣尊敬他。

法律：
1. abortion
Is abortion sinful? The discussion of abortion now spread over the world. While some religious groups think abortion is a way of killing not-born infant, some feminists regard it as an approach to protect women's right to control their own body. The legitimacy of abortion cannot be solved by legal methods, because it is not only a matter of laws but also a matter of morality.
2.apartheid
the apartheid policy was once regarded legitimate in the Africa; however we know it is immoral because it undermines interests of black people.
文化
1. Metropolitan Museum of Art
Location: in Central Park in Manhattan
Time: Founded in 1870
Bring art and education to American people.
2.Louvre Museum
Location: Paris, a central landmark of the city
3. Indian Reservation
a legal designation for an area of land managed by an native American tribe.
叛徒
Wang Jingwei
复杂：
Georges Vigarello History of Bath
Today, we undoubtedly think that water has the function of cleaning. However, after reading the book written by Georges Vigarello, called the History of Bath. I know that this seemly-certain idea was not certain in history. It is through a series changes of people’s conceptions, that people started to regard water as a tool to clean human bodies.
中科大少年班（School of the Gifted Young in University of Science and
Technology of China）
·in 1978, School of the Gifted Young was established in University of Science and Technology of China based on the advice of Li Zhengdao, a physicist who won the Nobel Prize of Physics in 1957. This school aims to provide talents to the society. And since the establishment of Schools of Gifted Young, it has already cultivated lots of talents for the society. Statistic evidence shows that 64% of its graduates got doctor’s degrees and 20% of them have become professors all over the world.
年轻人中的杰出者：
·Galois made unprecedented discoveries in abstract algebra in his twentieth ·De Broglie found wave mechanics when he was only a university student ·FeiXiaotong also wrote Economics of Jiangcun, the first professional book of anthropology in China, in his twentieth.
偶然和必然：
Saccharine was discovered by accidents. the chemist Constantine forgot to wash his hands after a days of work at office. After he arrived home, he ate rolls with his wife. He found the roll tasted particularly sweet, so he asked his wife if she had done anything interesting to the roll, but she denied. Then he realized it was because he had forgot to wash his hands that the sweet taste must come from his hands. The next day, he went to office and began to do experiment on the sweet things.
Education：
student-centered education:
is an approach to education focusing on the needs of students. This teaching method acknowledges students voice as central to the learning experience for every learner.
·Rousseau:
Children are born good and what evil faults they developed later in their life are caused by society’s negative influence. He wanted school that would protect student-ts from society and allow their naturally good instincts to be unfold. Therefore he felt that identifying what is important for students to know based
on the needs of society was in appropriate and would perpetuate corruption and injustice.
John Dewey advocates building the curriculum around the experience and curiosity of the child.
The aim of education is to develop students’ talents and abilities to their fullest.。