关于issue例子的问题
关于issue例子的问题
关于issue例⼦的问题谈issue中例⼦的问题在robinii关于例⼦问题的⼀些建议的启发下,我对于例⼦的各种问题深⼊的思考了⼀番,总结出来⼀些东西献给⼤家。
1.例⼦的必要性&重要性在谈如何选择和应⽤例⼦之前应该先明确的问题就是为什么要在issue中使⽤例⼦,为什么说例⼦对于issue⼗分重要。
只有考虑清楚了这个前提,⼤家才会对例⼦的问题给予⾜够的重视,也才会有兴趣继续看我后⾯的内容。
1.1ETS的要求经常可以看到有的同学发贴要求评分,其实,要想知道⾃⼰的⽂章属于多少分数的范围,只要看看ETS对于AW的评分标准就可以了。
⽽我相信,仔细研究了评分标准这个最有指导性的⽂献的同学并不多,这也就是很多再三强调的问题反复出现,重要问题得不到重视的原因。
如果⼤家仔细看过评分标准就会发现,issue从6分到2分的标准中⼏乎第⼀条都是对于例⼦的要求,如下:SCORE 6Develops a position on the issue with insightful reasons and /or persuasive examplesSCORE 5Develops a position on the issue with well-chosen reasons and/or examplesSCORE 4Develops a position on the issue with relevant reasons and/or examplesSCORE 3Is weak in the use of relevant reasons or examplesSCORE 2Provides few, if any, relevant reasons or examples可以看出对于例⼦的使⽤是issue评分的⼀个重要标准,⽽从出现的位置(第⼀条)来看,甚⾄我们可以说它是⾸要的评分标准。
不只是举出例⼦就可以,还要看你例⼦是否使⽤得好,是否是insightful,是否是well-chosen。
issue的用法
issue的用法
"Issue" 一般指的是一个问题、争议点、发布物等,具体用法有多种:
1. 作为名词,表示一个问题或争议点,通常用于商业、政治、社会等领域。
例如:
• There are several key issues that need to be addressed in the new proposal.
• The issue of climate change has become a pressing concern for governments around the world.
2. 作为动词,表示发布或发行某物,通常用于出版、印刷等领域。
例如:
• The magazine will issue its latest edition next week.
• The company issued a press release announcing its new product line.
3. 在软件开发、项目管理等领域,"issue" 通常指的是一个bug 报告、需求或改进建议。
在这种情况下,通常使用一些工具如GitHub、JIRA 等来管理和跟踪这些 issue。
例如:
• I found a critical issue in the latest version of the software.
• Our team needs to prioritize the backlog of issues before the next release.
总的来说,"issue" 的用法比较广泛,具体含义需要根据语境而定。
1/ 1。
各种issue例子大全,分类,分题
Therefore a proposed alternative is the use of genetic engineering or more specifically, gene therapy, to cure diseases at the DNA level. This method is known as biotechnology and can aid in the treatment of diseases like a hormone defiency.
环境污染
Many things these days cause pollution such as cars, air conditioners, refrigerators, factories, CFC cans, etc.(氟氯化碳)
The CFC cans used to be a serious problem to the ozone layer, but luckily it was taken off the market.
The first one will be the improvement of the world’s agricultural techniques.
The second one investigated will be in the field of medical development and study.
Issue补充例子
Prepared by 刀姐
找例子的方式(举例)
美国大商人菲尔德,第一个建立美洲和欧洲的海底电 话缆的人。 他在第一次建电话缆线的时候不到三周就断了,但是 他坚持了下来。 菲尔德实际上是一个公司的头,真正建立美洲和欧洲 的海底电话缆的人其实还有他们公司里的很多人。 菲尔德是个商人,回报社会具有社会责任感。 电话缆线属于技术范畴。
3. For example, XXX, a famous XXX, has done XXX. As a result, he has made such a contribution that XXX. For example, Cyrus West Field, an American businessman who led the Atlantic Telegraph Company that laid the first transatlantic telegraph cable, has adhered to finish the project against all odds even if the first cable broke down only three weeks afterward. As a result, the transatlantic telegraph cable sped up communication to within minutes which could only happen over ship before, integrating two continents into one world.
米开朗基罗(Michelangelo) 大卫像(David Sculpture) 西斯廷教堂(Sistine Chapel)天顶画 《创世纪》(Genesis) 达芬奇(Leonardo da Vinci) 画家,雕塑家,建筑师,音乐家,科学家,数学家,工程师, 发明家,解剖学家,地质学家,制图员,植物学家和作家 (painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer) 最后的晚餐(the last supper),蒙娜丽莎(Mona Lisa) 拉斐尔(Raphael) 壁画《雅典学院》(the school of Athens)油画《西斯廷圣母》( the Sistine Madonna )
issue的意思和用法
issue的意思和用法"issue" 是一个英文单词,具有多种意义和用法。
以下是关于"issue" 的一些常见含义和用法:1. 问题或议题:例如,环境问题、政治议题等。
例句:This is a significant health and environmental issue.(这是一个重要的健康和环境问题。
)2. 发行或发布:指发行报纸、杂志、邮票等。
例句:The government plans to issue new regulations on pollution control.(政府计划发布新的污染控制规定。
)3. 流出或排放:指液体、气体或其他物质从容器或管道中流出。
例句:The water pipe is leaking, causing a water issue.(水管泄漏,导致水流失。
)4. 争论或争议的焦点:指涉及争论的问题或议题。
例句:The ownership issue is still pending.(所有权问题仍待解决。
)5. 一代人或一类人:用于指代具有特定特征或共同利益的一群人。
例句:The younger generation often faces housing issues.(年轻一代经常面临住房问题。
)6. 发表或出版:指发表言论、观点或出版书籍等。
例句:He issued a statement condemning the act of violence.(他发表声明谴责这种暴力行为。
)7. 难题或困境:指面临困难、挑战或难以解决的问题。
例句:The company is facing financial issues.(该公司面临财务困境。
)综上所述,"issue" 是一个多义词,具体含义取决于上下文。
它可以表示问题、议题、发行、流出、一代人、发表或困境等。
在不同的语境下,其意义可能有所不同。
issue介词
关于"issue"作为介词使用的使用频率问题,一般来说,使用情况是比较少见的,其主要应用场合通常包括以下几个:
1. 在学术论文的撰写中,用于描述某一特定问题或议题。
例如:“本文将探讨教育公平与教育资源分配的issue”。
2. 在新闻报道中,用于描述某一特定事件或争议。
例如:“该事件引发了社会各界对老年护理的issue的广泛关注”。
3. 在政治辩论或演讲中,用于描述某一特定的政策或法规。
例如:“政府应该加大对贫困地区的投资力度,以解决issue”。
至于"issue"作为名词时的用法,则更为常见。
在口语和书面语中,"issue"都可以作为名词使用,用来表示问题、争议、分歧等含义。
同时,"issue"还可以用作动词,表示提出或发行某种东西。
在“与…相关的问题”这一语境下,“issue”可以被视为一个名词或介词。
作为名词时,它可以被理解为“问题、争议、分歧”等含义;作为介词时,“issue”通常用来表示“与…相关”或“涉及…”。
总的来说,“issue”作为介词的使用频率相对较低,但在特定语境下,如学术论文撰写、新闻报道、政治辩论等场合中,它仍然可以被使用。
至于具体的使用情况,则需要根据上下文和语境来决定。
以上就是关于“issue”作为介词使用的800字回答,希望对你有所帮助。
在使用时请注意语境和表达方式,以确保准确和恰当的表达。
issue考研用法
issue考研用法"issue"在考研英语中可以用作动词或名词。
作为动词,"issue"意为发布、发行、出版,常用于以下句型:1. The government issued new policies to promote economic growth.政府发布了新的政策来促进经济增长。
2. The company plans to issue a press release next week.公司计划下周发布一份新闻稿。
3. The magazine issues a new edition every month.这本杂志每个月发行一期。
作为名词,"issue"意为问题、争议、发行物等,常用于以下句型:1. There are several key issues that need to be addressed in this research.这个研究中有几个关键问题需要解决。
2. The issue of climate change has received global attention.气候变化问题已经引起了全球的关注。
3. I need to buy the latest issue of my favorite magazine.我需要买最新一期我最喜欢的杂志。
还有一个常见的短语是"take issue with",意为对某人或某事不认同或有异议。
例如:I take issue with your statement that all students cheat in exams. 我对你说所有学生都在考试作弊的说法表示异议。
Issue例子库
Issue例子库1. 书名:Guns, Germs and steel: the Fate of Human Societies作者:Jared Diamond, a professor of geography and physiology at UCLA荣誉:Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction观点:the book attempts to explain why Eurasian Civilizations have survived and conquered others. Diamond attribute the superiority of Eurasian civilization to the influence of geography and agriculture to the societies and cultures, which is against what former scholars argue that Eurasian hegemony is due to any form of Eurasian intellectual, moral or inherent superiority.Diamond places agriculture as an extremely important factor of Eurasian hegemony. And he says in the book what is crucial for the development of agriculture is the availability of edible wild food species suitable for domestication. Farming appeared early in Eurasian area with abundance area of nutritious and easy domesticated plant species. In contrast, in America, farmers have to struggle to grow corn, which delayed the appearance of agriculture.与题目结合:挑战权威、多学科学习interdisciplinary (geology, history, anthropology, botany, climatology…)2. Martin Luther King成就:American activist, humanitarian and leader in African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is famous for advancing civil rights using nonviolent civil disobediencebased on his Christian beliefs.神童、英雄:as a precocious students, Martin Luther King skipped both the ninth and the twelfth grades of his high school. And when he was a junior students, Morehouse college announced that it would accept any high school students who passed the entrance exam. At the age of fifteen, Martin pass the exams and enter the Morehouse college.挑战权威:Montgomery Bus Boycott1955.12Rose Parks was arrested for not giving up her seats to white people. The Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King soon followed to fight against racial segregation, which leads to an end of racial segregation on all Montgomery bus. Challenge the law崇拜英雄:King limited his wife’s role in civil rights movement, expecting her to be a house wife and mother. (Coretta Scott)3. Mahatma Gandhi成就:preeminent leaders of India Independent Movement in British ruled India. He also inspired movements for independence and civil rights all over the world. Regarded by India as “the Father of the nation”and his birth day is commemorated as a national holiday反对权威:Mahatma Gandhi led India in challenging the British-imposed salt tax in 1930 and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942反对现代科技:He lived in a self-sufficient residential community and wore traditional Indian clothes. And his economics also focused on the need for self-efficiency at the village level. He challenged the modernizers who called for rapid industrialization on the model of Soviet. He thought that modernization is harmful to people and contrary to the needs of the villages where most people lived. However, after his death, Nehru changed his policy and led India to develop heavy industry and accelerate the process of modernization. It is widely acknowledged that it was Nehru’s policy, not Gandhi’s that was preferred by India.4. Nelson Mandela成就:a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary. The first black chief executive of South Africa. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid. 政治人物任期:He refused to run for second term on the new Constitution of South Africa,1996, succeeded by Mbeki, which won him reputation for breadth of mind throughout South Africa.家庭:married three times. His first marriage was ended because of his adultery and constant absences. One of his sons died of car accident, and another of AIDS. And his second divorce happened in 1996.个性:friendly and welcoming, even to his opponents. Often talk to children and servants.Modest环境造就人,时势造英雄:I am not a messiah, but an ordinary man who had become a leader because of extraordinarycircumstance.·The chains on any one of my people were the chains on all of them, the chains on all of my people werethe chains on me.5. Aung San Suukyi成就:a Burmese opposition politician and chairperson of National League for Democracy in Burmaremained under house arrested for more than 15 years.Noble Peace Price in 1991家庭影响:her father Aung san founded the modern Burmese Army and negotiated Burma independence from British in 1947.6. Blessed Teresa of Calcutta7. Greek referendumGreek government offers Greek people a vote on a rescue package from creditors. ·Scottish referendumScottish government also offered a referendum for its people to decide whether Scotland should become independent from the UK.8. Forrest Gump个性:a short-witted, naïve, kind, athletic man who witnessed and to some extent influenced many important events happening in the latter half of 20th century.He does not understand everything, but he understands everything he needs to know, for example, love.His experience reflects what America experienced in late 20th century. And his characteristics also reveal what Americans treasure, such as love, determined, honest, bravery…9. Yuefei身后评价a general in Song dynasty of China. He was against the emperor’s decision to negotiate peace with Jin, so he was beheaded as a warning to others who wanted to challenge the emperor.科学家8. Yuan Longping身份:a Chinese agriculturist成就:famous for developing the first hybrid rice varieties in 1970s. Since then, hybrid rice has been grown in lots of countries in Africa, America and Asia, providing sufficient food resource in high famine risk areas.·the United Nation Food and Agriculture Organization 1991 statistics show that 20 percent of the world’s rice output came from 10 percent of the world’s rice fields that grow hybrid rice.·won the States Preeminent Science and Technology Award of China in 2000, and World Food Prize in 2004.科技的利与弊9. nuclear weaponbefore the first nuclear weapon was developed, Manhattan Project scientists were divided over the use of nuclear weapon.·好处:demonstrate a nation’s military power.·坏处:the two atomic bombs that hit Japan-the first exploded in Hiroshima on Aug. 6th, 1945, and the second exploded Nagasaki three days after the first- cause great disaster to the nation-more than a hundred thousand people died and injured, and lef t irreversible damage to the areas. The rule of the two atomic bombs played in the Japan’s surrender had been debated for decades.10. Human cloningThere are various debates on cloning, especially on human cloning.好处:for therapeutic and reproductive use.Therapeutic cloning can help develop tissues and organs which can be used for the treatment of patientsReproductive cloning can help parents who cannot reproduce bythemselves to have children.坏处:religious opponents think cloning usurps god’s place. Secular opponents worry about how cloned people deal with families and society.环保1.Wolong National Nature Reserve性质:a protect area located in Sichuan province, China.贡献:There are over 4000 species recorded in the reserve, including more than 150 highly endangered giant pandas. It is also a home to many other endangered and precious animals and plants, for example, red pandas, golden monkeys and white lip deer.Millions of visitors go to Wolong National Nature Reserve every year to enjoy the great treasures provided by nature.2. Yellowstone National Park性质:the first national park in the world located in the US特点:famous for its wildlife and many geothermal features.Many types of ecosystemsHome to hundreds of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, including many that are endangered.3. there is statistic evidence showing that animals becoming extinct because of human activity are a hundred time more than those extinct due to natural reasons.4. look deep into nature and then you will understand everything better 爱因斯坦5. Explosion happened in Tianjin on Aug.12, 2015 was an emergent accidents, which caused hundreds people died and injured and a large number of building collapsed, leaving more than ten thousands people homeless. Government should take immediate action allocate money to settle down survivors and comfort families of died and injured. Otherwise, the society may become disordered and fall in to panic.The explosion was caused by improper preservation of dangerous cargo. And the exploded dangerous preservation led great damage to the environment in the area, including soil, water, air… immediate solution are needed.丑闻:1. Bill Clinton身份:the 42th President of the United States成就:preside over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in America HistoryAs he was leaving office, a CNN poll revealed that 68 percent people thought that he would be remembered for his involvement in personal scandal. 47percent people thought that he would be remembered as either outstanding or above average.After leaving office, his Gallup Poll rating of 66 percent was the highest approval rating of any postwar presidents.Policy: North American Free Trade Agreement; welfare reform丑闻:Lewinsky Scandal性质:a sexual scandal between Bill Clinton and White House employee Monica Lewinsky2. Richard NixonWatergate ScandalLost much popular support.Faced with loss of political support and near-certainty of impeachment, Nixon resigned the office of presidency on Aug. 9th, 19743. guanzhongIn ancient china, there was a political official called Guan Zhong. He was one of the great prime ministers in feudal China, even though he could not be regarded as maintaining the highest ethical and moral standards. He was initially the secretary of Prince Jiu. Prince Jiu tried to usurp the throne of his father, but he failed and was killed. According to the codes of ethics in ancient feudal China, a subordinate was supposed to commit suicide if his superior had been killed. However, Guan Zhong didn’t do that, instead he surrendered to the political opponent of Prince Jiu, which was regard as disloyalty then. After that, he made his vassal state t he richest at that time. The disloyalty did not overshadow his reputation as one of the greatest prime minister in feudal China, because he provided people with better life.4. John Higgins, a Scottish snooker player成就:one of the most successful players in the modern history of sports.丑闻(媒体)Sting operation(钓鱼执法)In 2010, the News of World tabloid carried out a sting operation in a hotel room in Ukraine, which showed that Higgins was arranging to lose specific frames in future matches for money. Although he was cleared of match-fixing allegations by an investigation, he was still banned from professional competitions for six months,and fined a large amount of money. Although he returned to the tour midway through 2010/2011season, this scandal left irreversible damage to his career as a snooker.5. 如羅斯福,他也有EX- marital scandal ,但是這些行為比起他的成就——走出大蕭條,領導二戰取得勝利,他是公認的20世紀最偉大的總統,人們及使知道醜聞,但是仍然和以前一樣尊敬他。
issue固搭及用法
issue固搭及用法issue是一个常用的英语单词,它有多种含义和用法。
在本文中,我们将探讨issue的固定搭配及其用法。
首先,issue可以用作名词,表示问题、争议或议题。
例如,我们常常听到政府领导人讨论重要的社会问题,如教育、医疗和环境等。
这些问题被称为social issues。
此外,issue还可以指一本杂志或报纸的期号。
例如,我最喜欢的杂志每个月都会发布一期新的issue。
其次,issue也可以用作动词,表示发行、发布或提出。
例如,一家公司可以issue新的产品或服务,以满足市场需求。
政府也可以issue新的政策或法规,以解决社会问题。
此外,issue还可以表示发出或分发。
例如,学校可以issue学生证或成绩单给学生。
除了以上常见的用法,issue还有一些固定搭配,下面是其中几个例子:1. raise an issue:提出问题或引起关注。
例如,在会议上,人们经常会raise an issue来讨论和解决。
2. address an issue:解决问题或处理事务。
例如,政府领导人需要address the issue of poverty and inequality。
3. tackle an issue:解决问题或应对挑战。
例如,我们需要共同努力来tackle the issue of climate change。
4. controversial issue:有争议的问题。
例如,同性婚姻是一个controversial issue,引发了广泛的讨论和争议。
5. global issue:全球性问题。
例如,气候变化是一个global issue,需要全球合作来解决。
6. pressing issue:紧迫的问题。
例如,贫困和饥饿是我们面临的pressing issues,需要立即采取行动。
7. hot-button issue:敏感的问题。
例如,移民问题是一个hot-button issue,容易引发激烈的争议和情绪。
若干个比较新鲜的issue例子
Innovation:
Apple Inc., a fastest growing US consumer electronics company, can serve as the best example to demonstrate the importance of innovation. While most of its competitors concentrated on developing fastest processors or largest storages, Apple, based on its outstanding philosophy of comprehensive aesthetic design, established and secured a distinct reputation in the
若干个比较新鲜ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱissue例子
上个星期拿到awa分数了,5.5。不是最高,但是cd的确给了我最大的帮助,所以在这里略尽绵力。感觉非常贻笑大方,大家批判着使用。
这里的几个例子都是实战时候我没有用到的,为了避免重复率太高,请大家如果喜欢的话,改着用。最好用了哪个在这里说一下。让别的人用的时候,有个参考,尽量避免重复太多。
consumer electronics industry and has cultivated a customer base that is unusually devoted to the company and its brand.
Global Warming
见笑见笑!!!
Social responsibility:
Google, the fastest growing US technology company, can serve as the best example to demonstrate the importance of social responsibility. Based on its outstanding philosophy of social responsibility – “Do No Evil”, Google established and secured a distinct reputation in the
ISSUE 官方范文解析
官方范文Issue部分SAMPLE 1"Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing."题目分析:1,关键词: technological tools, uses, loneliness2,限定词: both, development, modern civilizations, ever increasing 3,逻辑类型: is 型关键词:告诉你这篇文章让你写些什么,抓住了,你的文章大的思路就正确了。
限定词:这是将文章写“准”的基本前提,有的题目比较长,题目本身就有限定词,比如这道题。
但有的题目很短,这样就增加了难度,因为需要你自己去给他限定,不然就会写的很宽泛,这和写论文一个思路,如果要写的准写的有深度,宽泛便是大忌,这样的题目范文里也有,后期我会详细说明。
逻辑类型:这个是最最重要,也是最最容易被大家搞不清楚的,而不幸的是,如果这里没有把握准确,文章则会全盘皆输,成功进入答非所问的境界,rater边看边说,wow,what are you talking about? 这样就有些尴尬了。
Ok ,关于这三点具体在本文的体现,我会在文后详细说明,不在这里说,是为了不影响大家的思路,大家看文章的时候先自己体会。
在文章中寻找这三点,也许你会有比我更深刻的发现。
请先不要翻到后面看,自己对文章有个整体的把握是理解的前提。
Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. Ever since Erg the caveman first conked an animal with a rock, people have been using technology. For thousands of years, the use of tools allowed people to move ever closer together. Because fields could be cultivated and the technology to store food existed, people would live in cities rather than in small nomadic tribes. Only very lately have Erg's descendants come to question the benefits of technology. The Industrial Revolution introduced and spread technologies that mechanized many tasks. As a result of the drive toward more efficient production and distribution (so the ever larger cities would be supported), people began to act as cogs in the technological machine. Clothing was no longer produced by groups of women sewing and gossiping together, but by down-trodden automation's operating machinery in grim factories.我标出的这些并不是什么好词好句,当然我不否认写的很精彩,但是我标出来的在于强调他们题目中关键词和限定词的完美回应。
legal issue举例
legal issue举例一、合同纠纷合同纠纷是指合同当事人在合同履行过程中,因违约、解除、修订、履行不符合约定等问题产生的纠纷。
例如,甲方与乙方签订合同约定甲方提供商品,乙方支付货款。
然而,甲方未按合同约定提供商品,导致乙方无法支付货款,双方因此发生合同纠纷。
二、劳动保障纠纷劳动保障纠纷是指劳动者与用人单位在劳动关系中产生的各种争议。
例如,某员工与雇主签订劳动合同约定工资待遇,但雇主未按约定支付工资,员工因此提起劳动保障纠纷。
三、知识产权纠纷知识产权纠纷是指在知识产权法律保护范围内,因权利人主张其知识产权而与他人产生的争议。
例如,某公司申请了专利权,但另一家公司在未经许可的情况下使用了该专利技术,导致双方发生知识产权纠纷。
四、侵权纠纷侵权纠纷是指侵害他人合法权益的行为引发的纠纷。
例如,某个人未经许可使用了他人的商标,导致商标所有人提起侵权纠纷。
五、公司法律纠纷公司法律纠纷是指公司在运营过程中涉及法律问题所引发的纠纷。
例如,某公司在招聘员工时存在性别歧视行为,被拒绝的员工因此提起公司法律纠纷。
六、民事责任纠纷民事责任纠纷是指民事主体之间因违反法律规定而引发的纠纷。
例如,某人在驾驶机动车时发生交通事故,造成他人人身伤害,受害人因此提起民事责任纠纷。
七、刑事责任纠纷刑事责任纠纷是指犯罪行为所引发的纠纷。
例如,某人盗窃他人财物被抓获,引发了刑事责任纠纷。
八、房地产纠纷房地产纠纷是指房地产交易、租赁、开发等方面引发的纠纷。
例如,某房屋买卖双方在签订合同后,卖方拒绝履行合同义务,导致买方提起房地产纠纷。
九、消费者权益保护纠纷消费者权益保护纠纷是指消费者与经营者在商品交易、服务提供等方面产生的纠纷。
例如,某消费者购买了一件商品,但商品存在质量问题,消费者因此提起消费者权益保护纠纷。
十、环境保护纠纷环境保护纠纷是指因环境污染、生态破坏等问题引发的纠纷。
例如,某工厂未按照环保要求进行污水处理,导致周边环境受到污染,相关居民因此提起环境保护纠纷。
issue整理+提纲+分类+例子
当务之急与百年大计227、36、244、11、24、170、101、222、191、173、224、98、44个体和整体(少数和多数、局部和整体)230、234、52、239、42、183、232、147、88、233、198、243、2、3、8、9、25、140、145、182、28、40、41、47、51、57、59、73、136、142、116、159、210、85、93、141、165、120、125、150、151、155、179、161、188、77、103、194、203、209、4、23、149、192、211、5、62、63、204、132、158、33技术进步对人类的影响231、18、130、135、217、240、146、176、99、10、104、38、117、46、49、68、87、131、163、185、195、199、213、94、95、109、115、129、139理性与感性236、71、90、92、162、27、114、106、107、137、164、172、196、13、89、186不同领域的交流228、118、30、134、43、61、74、111、112、138、156、157、177、180、21、200、201、223、54、37、97、184、154、160、19统一与分歧(竞争)225、226、229、241、242、15、17、26、32、39、45、48、58、72、75、22、76、102、121、122、152、123、124、126、133、143、148、174、175、178、181、189、193、205、207、208、214、215、218、219、220、235、237、91、96、65、81、12、35、80现实和理想238、53、166、60、31、66、70、14、79、86、110、128、144、171、190、202、212、216 新与旧6、7、34、50、55、64、67、78、82、83、100、105、108、84、127、153、56、167、168、169、187、197、206、113、119、38、221◆当务之急与百年大计●227、当务之急和百年大计(现在和将来)P1Humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets1、当代问题Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solving problems that immediately confront them such as the development of economy, the problems of losing jobs, crimes, poverty, disease and war because these social problems threaten the process of our lives and safety of our assets. 失业问题As a result, government carries out a policy to ensure every child in poor African countries can be vaccinated with the hygiene conditions are unqualified.2、长远计划造福后人(环境的问题太土了吧;探索外太空)While at the same time, we should invest some money into some long-term researches. As we all know, a lot of problems cannot be settled immediately instead of long-term research, just like the environment problem, which needs a long-term plan as a fundamental solution. Long-term research devotes to resolving or preventing social problems that might occur to our descendants 后代; preserve the environment from deterioration恶化is easier than resolving those already emerged environmental problems which threaten the ecosystem.3、我们受益,还要造福后人(例子)Therefore, as beneficiaries受益人of previous先前的generations, each generation should make its own contribution for the well-being of future generations. Those who only emphasis thetemporary life and ignore the future will make a serious effect on the future generations. Faced with the problem of energy, how can our children operate the planes, automobiles even televisions without the research of energy conservation?●36、P36只不过多了政府:1、To win the favor of the general public, governments throughout the world tend to focus on solving the immediate problems of today.改成政府组织解决问题2、However, a government’s failing to prepare for future challenges will cause disasters to its country in the long run.环境问题3、Furthermore, a government should always take into consideration the possible future effects of the actions it takes today.●244、P2顺序颠倒写1、No one would deny the fact that it is in the young generation that lies the future of our society. 孩子决定未来,投资教育(周恩来:为中华的崛起而读书stage its economic take-off实现经济起飞)2、However, this does not mean that we can ignore the interests of adults, who make up the major work force of our society avoiding no one can take well care of the young generation. 如果忽视了对成人的服务,可能间接会影响到孩子。
新gre作文题库:issue的提问规律讲解
新gre作文题库:issue的提问规律讲解gre写作考察考生的逻辑分析能力,写作部分是我们国人的一个薄弱环节,改革后的新gre考试题目要求更加具体,考察考生完成题目过程中是否融合批判性思维。
以下是小编为大家搜索综合整理有关新gre作文题库,issue的提问规律,希望能给大家在新gre作文题库写作方面带来帮助。
新gre作文题库:issue的提问规律讲解摘要:通过对改革后的立论文分析不难发现,在这149道题目中一共有六种提问方式。
让我们归纳总结一下他们的规律。
注:由于关于claim的问题方式有两次,笔者统一归纳总结成为一种方式,故图中展示的只有五种。
仔细关注下statement, recommendation, claim这三个单词,他们在某些方面具有程度递进的关系。
1. Statement: the expression in spoken or written words of something such as a fact, intention, or policy, or an instance of this.意为陈述某一事实,意图,政策。
重点在于陈述。
2. Recommendation: a suggestion as to what is a good or sensible thing to do or use in the circumstances意为合理的建议(比陈述事实更近了一步)3. Claim: maintain something is true: to say, without proof or evidence, that something is true 意为声明,即便在没有证据的情况下仍然坚持声称某事为真实的从以上的分析中不难看出这三种问法在操作形式上具有程度类比,其中第三种的程度语气更强。
让我们仔细分析一下例子1. Statement (以下是事实陈述的例子)i. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong andindependent individuals.ii. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.iii. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.iv. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.v. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.vi. In order for any work of art-for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song-to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.2. Recommendation(以下是建议的例子)i. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.ii. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.iii. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.iv. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.v. Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.vi. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.3. Claim(以下是因果声明类的例子)i. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something thathas an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.ii. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.iii. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.;;;Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.iv. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.;;;Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.v. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.;;;Reason: College students-like people in general-prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.vi. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.除了个别试题中在提问用词中有混淆以外,绝大部分的提问符合此规律。
issue 用法
issue 用法
"Issue" 这个词在不同的语境下可以有不同的意思和用法,下面列举几种常见的用法:
1. 在软件开发中,"issue"通常指代软件缺陷、错误或者需要增强的功能问题,开发者或经理用issue 的方式来记录和追踪这些问题的处理进度。
2. "Issue"也可以用于描述在组织或社会中出现的问题、挑战或矛盾,例如可持续发展问题、环境保护问题等。
3. 在法律场景或类似的场景中,"issue"用于表示争议、争论或问题的核心点,例如在法庭上,一个案件可能会有多个不同的issue(争议点)。
4. "Issue"也可以用来表示发行,例如一份报纸或杂志的新一期就可以被称之为一份新的issue。
需要注意的是,在不同的语境中,"issue"的具体意义和用法会有所不同,需要根据具体情境来理解。
issue例子
1.比尔盖次同学When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world's No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.2.爱迪生小爱同学:失败乃成功的妈,要坚持啊奋斗啊,成功非偶然,靠积累We can learn from the experience of the great inventor Thomas Alva Edison that sometimes a series of apparent failures is really a precursor to success. The voluminous personal papers of Edison reveal that his inventions typically did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works. Bb3. Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against acial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for humanrights and racial equality.4.贝多芬小贝同学:坚持啊什么的Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic composition.5. Mr. Lesson was accused of losing 1.3 billon dollars as a result of a risky derivative investment with the potential of a 27-billon gain. The collapse of Barings Bank in 1995 has been one of the most spectacular events in the banking world in recent years. Banks solvency and liquidity can be significantly threatened if speculative trading in financial derivatives is guided bya lack of adequate internal and external controls.There is evidence that such reasons are responsible for the failure of Barings in February 1995.6. Philip Morris, the largest tobacco company in the world, has been sued by government and many other groups for producing products that are harmful to health. The fines and legal fees that have resulted from the legal attack against the company have cost the company substantial amounts of money. i)h7.经商要厚道,笼络民心才是正道;长远利益与暂时Bayer, one of the largest pharmaceutic companies in the world, announced tthat the company would cease production of one of its major products, because of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss on profitability, but gains strong public support and understanding, which can contribute to the long-term success of the company.8.三凌经商不厚道,掩盖事实Mitsubishi Motors had concealed significant defects in the break system of Pajero, one of the company's major products, before apologized to public. Hundreds of car accidents were directly caused by the break error. Thus, the company suffered a great goods return, losing not only the market share butalso the confidence of consumers.9. 东芝本本事件,华人抵制:长远利益Toshiba is one of the largest Japanese companies. In 2000, the Company announced that among notebook computers it produced, one model had serious defect. Users in North America could choose either replacements with an upgraded model or full refund. However, no such offer for users in China. Chinese users were outrage at the company's discrimination and refused to use any of Toshiba's notebook computers. What the company lost is not only the temporary revenue but also the consumer's confidence, which contribute to the long-term success of the company.10.做了不好就算是第一个做的也没用的;后起之秀多的是Traditionally, the first firm to commercialise a new technology has benefited from unique opportunity to shape product definitions, forcing followers to adapt to a standard or invest in an unproven alternative. Today, however, the largest payoffs may go to companies that lead in developing integrated approaches for successful mass production and distribution. For example, SEGA, producer of Saturn, was the first company to develop home video game machine commercially, but Sony Entertainment INC., producer of Play Station, proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliance with other producers and distributors to manufacture andmarket its hardware and software. Because consumers had more choices on Play Station's games, they seldom bought SEGA Saturn. By the end of the 1990's, Play Station dominated the home video game market while SEGA Saturn was no longer in production.11.亚洲金融危机表明:世界间互相依存关系越紧密The financial crash of October 1987 and the Asia Economic Crisis in 1998 demonstrate that the world's capital markets are more closely integrated than ever before and that events in one part of the global village may be transmitted to the rest of the village-almost instantaneously.12.电视暴力对青少年影响Television programs and movies that depict violence among teenagers are extremely popular. Given how influential these media are, we have good reason to believe that these depictions cause young people to engage in violent behavior. Hence, depictions of violence among teenagers should be prohibited from movies and television programs, if only in those programs and movies promoted to young audiences.13. Knowledge is power. Francis Bacon 知识就是力量14.Imagination is more important than knowledge. Albert Einstein 想想象力比知识更重要15. Do not, for one repulse, give up the purpose that you resolved to effect. William Shakespeare 别因为任何原因放弃努力16.In almost every face and every person, they may discover fine feathers and defects, good and bad qualities. Benjamin Franklin 任何事和人都有优缺好坏17. No society can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. Thomas Jefferson 没有法律永远有效*亚里士多德(Aristotle 384.BC-322BC)参考事迹: 学术集大成者,通才和专家集一身的著名学者,柏拉图的学生,亚历山大大帝的教师,他的著述论及逻辑学,形而上学,伦理学,自然科学(物理学,动物学,植物学,生理学,医学),政治学和诗学,对西方思想产生了深远影响,在其哲学体系里,理论服从实地观察和逻辑,以三段论为基础,基本上是理性研究的理论方法,被称为"百科全书式的学者",大牛利用点:可以利用到很多方面,通才与专家,博学与专攻,科学思维对人文思维并不冲突,不一而足。
ISSUE用词中的注意事项
»He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick.更简单。因为due to the fact that = because)
»Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
»This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)
1、尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字(big word)或过时的字眼(old-fashioned word);
»例如:Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用foundation或basis代替infrastructure就更明白)
issue 例子
In the year Nineteen-five, Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine. They included one of the most important scientific documents in history. It was filled with mathematics. It explained that came to be called his “special theory of relativity” Ten years later he expanded it to a “General theory of relativity”这段第一是不是可以解决很多个科学家的例子,第二可以解决例如前人对社会贡献大还是后人对社会贡献大第三可以解决例如一个人的成就要后人来评价的几个问题Albert was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read.这句第一解决了不能从小去培养天才那道题目.Albert did not like school. The German schools of that time were not pleasant. Students could not ask questions. Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.这句第一解决了学校应该鼓励学生怀疑精神的那个ISSUE第二解决了学校应该交给学生学习的方法(逻辑推理)而不是直接灌输结果One story says Albert told his uncle Jacob how much hehated school, Especially mathematics. His uncle told his to solve mathematics problems by pretending too be a policeman.这句解决了家长教育孩子的重要性的问题第二解决了有兴趣才能干成事情的ISSUE问题Albert decided that he wanted to teach mathematics and physics. He attended the Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, Switzerland. He graduated with honors, but could not get a teaching job. So he began working for the Swiss government as an inspector of patents for new inventions, the job was not demanding. He had a lot of time to think about some of his scientific theories.这句话首先解决了选择职业要根据自己的兴趣而不是看工作和薪水那道比较难的ISSUE题目第二解决了不是努力就能办成一件事(不过这个举在这里不是非常贴切,这道题看我下面的分析)In Nineteen-Twenty-one, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It was given to him, not for his theory of relativity, but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.第一解决了伟大成果是要看奖励的,我们可以看到虽然没得诺贝尔奖,但这个理论的成就是无法否认的第二解决了前人成就要后人来评价Albert taught in Switzerland and Germany. He left Germany when Adolph Hitler can to power in nineteen –Thirty-Three. He moved to United States to continue his research.第一解决了Political leader 不能太专政第二解决了不能选择的事情少之又少Albert was a famous man, but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work.这个问题解决了不能通过外表和穿着来评价一个人那道题目.Albert spent the last twenty-five years of his time working on what he called a “unified field theory” he hoped to find a common mathematics statement that could tie together all the different parts of physics. He did not succeed.第一解决了专家也犯错第二解决了光靠努力不一定能干成第三解决了找事物的相同点更是难(备注:由于我对爱因斯坦比较感兴趣,去年我哥,其实也就是你们的在职斑竹FRENKIE去年发给我的一些VOA和华盛顿邮报里面的一篇文章,我读完后觉得这篇文章对GRE学子们写作文用处很大,所以就把他的各段分别做批注了,好好读这篇文章并看我的讲解,让你ISSUE至少提高一分)。
GRE写作-ISSUE高频提纲整理
1======================Issue 51======================【题目】”Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.‖【翻译】只有针对每个学生的需要和兴趣,教育才真正的有意义。
【题纲】Position: There is no doubt that education should pay more attention on the needs and interests ofstudents, but it is possible for education to satisfy every student.1、从教育的目的上讨论,兴趣对教育的重要性;对个人,爱因斯坦有句至理名言:―兴趣是最好的老师‖;对社会,教育的目的就是为社会培养各种人才,如果不注重学生兴趣,那么他们到社会不可能尽其所能。
有时候可能埋没人才。
比如一味的强调分数,那么对发明有兴趣的学生可能会失去动力,eg.哥白尼以前学医,爱因斯坦小时候学习并不好(这个例子是以前看到别人用的,我没有想到很好的例子)2、学校必须努力发现并培养学生的兴趣。
因为有些学生没有意识到自己的兴趣,因此学校要在这方面作引导。
例如学校可以通过开设对终选修课,增加各类奖学金等方法来鼓励学生培养自己的兴趣;3、但是,鼓励兴趣的培养不等于学校必须根据每个学生的兴趣来进行教育,这既无意义也不现实;一方面老师是有限的,而学生的兴趣是各种各样的。
另一方面,学生没有足够的判断力来决定自己该学什么,比如数学,有些学生不喜欢学,但是能够去掉吗?过分强调学生兴趣势必会造成教学的紊乱,而且学生的兴趣不同阶段可能发生改变;4、总结2=================Issue 144=================【题目】"It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value."【翻译】是艺术家而不是批评家,给了社会一些永久的价值。
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谈issue中例子的问题在robinii关于例子问题的一些建议的启发下,我对于例子的各种问题深入的思考了一番,总结出来一些东西献给大家。
1.例子的必要性&重要性在谈如何选择和应用例子之前应该先明确的问题就是为什么要在issue中使用例子,为什么说例子对于issue十分重要。
只有考虑清楚了这个前提,大家才会对例子的问题给予足够的重视,也才会有兴趣继续看我后面的内容。
1.1ETS的要求经常可以看到有的同学发贴要求评分,其实,要想知道自己的文章属于多少分数的范围,只要看看ETS对于AW的评分标准就可以了。
而我相信,仔细研究了评分标准这个最有指导性的文献的同学并不多,这也就是很多再三强调的问题反复出现,重要问题得不到重视的原因。
如果大家仔细看过评分标准就会发现,issue从6分到2分的标准中几乎第一条都是对于例子的要求,如下:SCORE 6Develops a position on the issue with insightful reasons and /or persuasive examplesSCORE 5Develops a position on the issue with well-chosen reasons and/or examplesSCORE 4Develops a position on the issue with relevant reasons and/or examplesSCORE 3Is weak in the use of relevant reasons or examplesSCORE 2Provides few, if any, relevant reasons or examples可以看出对于例子的使用是issue评分的一个重要标准,而从出现的位置(第一条)来看,甚至我们可以说它是首要的评分标准。
不只是举出例子就可以,还要看你例子是否使用得好,是否是insightful,是否是well-chosen。
最官方的红头文件尚且对这个问题如此重视,我们怎能不仔细的考虑考虑呢。
所以,例子重要的第一个依据就是――ETS官方评分标准。
***有些同学可能对于这些标准中的”and/or”心存疑惑,可能会有“人家说or不就是可以不用例子?”的疑问。
这个问题从逻辑上的解释我会在1.2中进行,这里先做一个文字上的分析。
按照and/or的意思去分析,会有三种结果,一是取and,就是两者都有两者都用,对于两者都做考查,这个是绝大多数的情况,大家也很好理解。
二是取or,选择reasons一方,这就是同学们疑问所在,是否可以不用例子只用reasons,好,这里我先不解释,而是让步一个,就算是可以的,但是我们接下来看。
三是取or,选择examples一方,然后问题出现了,如果你同意第二个可能,那么你当然要同意这第三个可能的存在,但是,如果不用reasons只用例子的话就是说,我们交代一个论点,然后下面几个例子,再交代一个论点,然后下面再几个例子。
这是很荒唐可笑的事情。
从没有见过不加解释和论述,也就是reasons的内容,只用论点+例子就能把问题交代清楚,而文章获得高分的情况。
因此,如果三你不认同的话,二也不成立的。
所以,我认为,ETS如此措词不过是为了严密谨慎而已,不是给你理由不使用例子。
2.2论证上的必要性从评分标准里面我们就可以看出develop a position需要reasons和examples两个要素。
reasons 可以说是对于论点的分析解释等内容,姑且称之为“理论支持”;而examples则是各种支持论点的例子,姑且称之为“事实支持”。
相信大家都明白“理论支持”部分的重要性,issue 看的就是你的说理,看你能否把道理论述清楚,如果缺少了这个“理论支持”的说理部分,只剩下光秃秃的论点,相信最多也只能达到2分的评判标准而已。
这个问题不是此文的重点,所以这里就不展开了。
我们的重点是例子,“事实支持”的部分,可以说这个部分和“理论支持”的部分是同等重要的。
我们可以这么看,我们的论述要说服的对象是人,比如,判卷人,人们的思维中不只是有理性思维还有感性思维,而常常感性思维在判断中起到了很大的作用。
所以,无论你的“理论支持”部分把道理分析的如何透彻,如果没有实例的支持,如果没有给人一个感性的概念,是很难取得他人完全的赞同的。
比如说:我们要为“××钙”宣传,从理论上我们可以说,一,此钙比同类产品更易于被肠胃吸收,具体可以论述此钙为如何如何的离子形式,比其他钙如何如何好二,此钙无其他钙的毒副作用,具体可以论述此钙通过了什么什么验证做了什么什么实验,三,此钙的效果比其他钙要好的多,具体可以说对于儿童促进生长,对于中青年提高抵抗力,对于老年补充钙流失。
如此这般blah blah了一堆,让人看得云里雾里的,半信半疑,效果不佳。
但是,如果你举出了具体的例子,比如,著名影星张三就选择服用此钙,而且,著名歌星李四也对此钙也十分满意,另外,著名球星王五使用此钙后身高暴长,因此打入NBA等等,然后让这些人现身说法一下。
通过这样的实例你要说服的对象对于你的观点的认同感会大大的加强。
正所谓“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”,如果没有具体的实例的支持,任你把理论说的天花乱坠也不容易让别人同意你的看法,反而会因为纯理论性论述的枯燥乏味而让人反感。
总而言之,例子是论证过程中必要而关键的一环,没有例子会让你精彩的理论成为空话,降低影响力,而有了例子的锦上添花,会让你的论述更加完善,更有说服力。
因此,我们对于例子的重要性不能不给予足够的重视。
3.3西方思维上例子的重要性从老外的很多议论性的文章和书籍中能够看出,他们对于detail和specific以及具体例子的重视。
例如在Ian Johnston 的Guide to the Marking of Written Assignments一文中就有这样的强调:Use hard evidence, that is, facts which are reliable, typical, up-to-date, and accurate. 而且,他们文章中对于例子的使用很多时候已经到了惊人的地步,常常是一个观点的提出后面要举出N个具体例子来支持。
记得小的时候第一次见到这样的论述方法是在一本叫《潜能成功学》的书上,为了支持作者的论点,人有极大的潜能,作者举出了无数个例子,如父亲为了救儿子抬起了几吨重的卡车,人掐死鳄鱼的例子;他的学员手劈木板,踏过炭火的例子;还经常举出他自己的例子等等,感觉很多时候一个论点只占据很小的篇幅,而做为支撑的例子却占据了大部分的篇幅。
同样,在很多西方的畅销书,一些报刊杂志的文章当中都可以看到类似的大规模例子的使用。
虽然不能说例子用的多,文章论述就一定有力,但是我们可以看到他们用例证的方法达到了很好的论证效果,而且通过这样的现象我们也可以看出他们对于例证的强调和偏爱。
所以,远的不说,为了AW的写作,我们也应该学习和养成这种逻辑性思维、批判性思维。
同时也要学会这种用例子来证明观点的写作方法。
P.S.关于这个问题,我想引申一下。
由于东西方文化和思维上面的差异,我们常常忽略理性思维的问题。
我们习惯了“假大空”式的论述:国际形势一片大好,国内形势一片大好,所以×××问题也是一片大好;在×××精神的鼓舞下,在×××理论的指导下,在×××的带领下,×××问题一定会得到解决,×××方面一定会得到发展;在×××的制度下,在×××的社会中,任何问题都能克服,任何工作都能够完成…………说来说去看上去是论述了一堆,但是其实根本没有实质性的内容,问题如何解决,为什么能解决,什么时候能解决一点都没有说出来。
很多时候我们不是用理性的思维去分析问题,只是依靠着情感上面的冲动来议论问题,常常说得自己热血澎湃,说得大家群情激昂,但是仔细考虑一下,对于问题的看法既无根据又无条理。
不要认为这是传统的问题,文化的问题,与自己无关,其实很多同学的习作中已经暴露了这个问题:说不出条理说不出头绪,自己明白却无法让他人明白,说了一堆虚无飘渺的空话,具体内容一点没看到。
可以看出我们的问题不只是出现在例子的使用上面,而是整体的论述上面的问题。
希望能够引起大家注意。
2.例子的好处其实例子的使用对于我们的issue文章是有莫大的好处的。
所以,即使我们不是为了上面论述的必要性,也要为了例子带来的好处而来注意例子及其使用的问题。
1.1论证方法的多样性AW不只是要求词汇和句式的多样性,对于论证方法也有同样的要求的。
词汇的单调会显得语言贫乏,句式的单调会显得语言生硬,而论证方法的单一会显得思维死板。
论证方法的单一,就像词句的单一一样,也会给你的文章带来负面的影响。
所以,除了原因的分析理论的说明这样的纯说理式的论证方法之外我们一定要注意运用例证法。
这样才能避免论证手段的单一,显示出文章论证方法的多样性。
2.2弥补理论不足很多时候,纯说理的论述方法会有不足,这时例子的应用可以弥补一些说理的缺陷。
说理枯燥乏味理论性的内容总是缺乏吸引力的,而说理的内容过多会让读者感觉乏味和厌烦。
这时适当的举出相关的实例可以吸引读者的注意力,让读者能够继续欣赏你的文章,分享你的想法。
这一点正符合issue185的观点,scandal比speakers or reformers的手段更能吸引人们的注意。
所以,至少是在吸引读者注意力方面,例子起到了很大的作用。
问题复杂不易说清有些问题本身就是纠缠不清,难以表述清楚的。
这样的时候继续苦苦的说理反而起到负面的效果,让自己的思路更乱,让读者更难理解。
如果举出更为直观的便于理解的例子,这样的问题就能迎刃而解了。
比如说,跟一个从没见过大象的人描述大象,说来说去可能他/她还是不能理解,不过如果你拿出一张大象的图片,他/她就会明白这到底是个什么样的生物了。
理论无话可说有时对于一个题目你提出了一个论点,但是却发现不知道如何表达,找不到合适的reasons。
这种情况我一般的做法就是把论点用更长一点的句子解释一遍,然后用例子来弥补说理的不足。
其实,这样的情况常出现在限时写作的时候,因为时间有限,想不出很好的理论内容来支持论点,那么不如找个好一点的例子,这样说理方面的缺失就能得到补足。
3.3字数问题其实,不想这样说,但是,这确实也是存在的问题。
例子在某种程度上面的确可以增加字数。
有时,字数实在是太少的时候,用例子来补足也是没有办法的办法。