汉译英翻译技巧

Theory：Translation Process

1. The comprehension

1) Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking.

2) to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding

3) to understand word meaning

4) to seek help from dictionary

5) to attend to the role of logic

6) to know the role of context

汉英短语比较：

1、汉词英译法：

翻译词，基本任务是词义的对应转换，形式问题是第二位的任务。

对应，又称“直译法。”但必须受一词多义和惯用法等机制的调节。

如：佳期wedding day，佳人beautiful woman，佳节joyful festival，

佳句well-turned phrase，佳音good news，佳肴dainty food

2阐释，主要是难以取得双语对应契合时，义恰如其分的铺衍方式加以解释，常见的是文化隔膜形成的对应障碍。

如：城楼tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker 留用人员personnel kept on after reshuffle 民乐traditional instrumental music

井底之蛙a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook

夜郎自大be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit

空城计undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff

3引申，

由一般的、泛指词义到具体的、特指词义的引申

如：时令season 太平间mortuary 清茶green tea/ tea served without refreshments

轻生commit suicide 体魄健壮的男孩an athletic boy

由具体的、特指词义到一般的、泛指词义的引申。

如：连珠in rapid succession 文盲illiteracy

十二万分地（感激）extremely 慢镜头slow motion

微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere.

我们客栈热诚欢迎来自五湖四海的朋友！Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!

4转换：词类转换，句中肯、否定式的转换，

例：

人生琐事the little nothings of life

等闲视之think nothing of

家常便饭make nothing of

请来吃顿家常便饭。Come along and take potluck

在北京，堵车是家常便饭。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.

5. 淡化（虚化）

“闹名利”译为：be out for fame and gain

“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear

“洗耳恭听” listen with attentive ears

6. 融合：紧缩语义的代偿手段

如：大小size，长短length，轻重weight 始终all along

好歹: what is good and what’s bad

事有曲直：right and wrong

例1别理他，这人不知好歹。Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong.

例2万一她有个好歹，请立刻打电话给我。

If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.

例3 Don't cook us anything more. We'll have whatever there is.

7. 替代

目不识丁not know one’s ABC

天字第一号A1 裙带风nepotism

中药三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋参）

金不换precious( be more valuable than gold)

8.音译：

商标：百事可乐PepsiCola；

万事达Master

9. 注释( exegesis)：

最常用的是音译加注（汉语范畴词category word）

disco迪斯科舞

hamburg汉堡包

Benz奔驰车

The Times《泰晤士报》

春秋战国Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States，

铁观音Iron Guanyin tea

Toursim

名山大川famous mountains and great rivers

名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites

湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills

青山绿水green hills and clear waters

奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations

鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey

世外桃源a haven of peace

Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.

该地区三面与公园带相连，四大开阔的广场有草坪有树木，打破了城市建筑的规律性。

城区三面绿地环绕，四大广场草坪开阔，碧草绿树掩映，打破了城区建筑的单一布局。