小学六年级英语必须要掌握的语法知识点

小学六年级英语必须要掌握的语法知识点
一、名词复数形式规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以o.s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3．以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives leaf——leaves
5．不规则名词复数：
man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth
fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
练习、写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______
man______ woman_______
二、一般现在时
1.一般现在时的功能
○1表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

○2表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

如：I get up at six o’clock every day.我天天六点起床。

○3表示客观现实。

如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

2.一般现在时的构成
○1肯定句: a. be动词：（有一顺口溜体现了它的用法：我用am ，你用 are ，is 用于他，她，它, 单数is，复数are.。

）
主语+ be(am /is/are)+其他如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

b.行为动词（实义动词）：主语+行为动词+其他[除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形；当主语是第三人称时，则在行为动词词尾加-s或-es。

] 如：We study English.我们学习英语。

She goes to work by bike. 她骑自行车去上班。

○2否定句: a.主语+ be(am /is/are) +not + 其他如： I am not a boy.
b. 主语+don't/doesn't+行为动词原形+其他如：We don’t study English. She doesn't go to work by bike.
○3一般疑问句: a. Be(Am /Is /Are)+ 主语+ 其他?
简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + be(am /is/are). (否) No,主语 + be(am /is/are)+not.
如: Are you a boy?你是一个男孩吗?(肯)Yes,I am. (否) No, I’m not.
b. Do/Does+主语+ 其他?
简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语+ do/does. (否) No,主语 + don't/doesn't.
如: Do you study English? (肯)Yes,we do. (否) No, we don’t. - Does she
go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
○4特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：a. be动词：Who are you?
b.行为动词：What do you do? How does she go to work?
3.动词三单的变化规则（即“如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”）
○1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks get-gets
○2以o.s.x.sh.ch结尾,直接加-es，如：wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
○3以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般现在时用法专练:
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
wash_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. －What day _______(be) it today? －It’s Saturday
三、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2．现在进行时的构成：be+动词的ing〔现在分词〕形式。

肯定句：主语+be动词+动词ing+其他。

如：We are studying.
否定句：主语+be动词+not+动词ing+其他。

如：We aren’t studying.
一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+动词ing+其他。

如：Are you studying?
肯定回答：Yes+主语+be动词。

如：Yes,we are.
否定回答：No+主语+be动词+not。

如：No,we aren’t.
（注：is not可以缩写成isn‘t，are not可以缩写成aren’t，但是am not在现代英语中不可以缩写。

）
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：What are you doing?
现在分词的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking think---thinking
2．以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e，再加ing 如：make-making have---having
3．以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 如： stop---stopping sit---sitting run---running
4 以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing die---dying lie---lying
现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ study__________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
四、一般将来时
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。

句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。

二、基本结构：肯定句：a. 主语+shall/will+do+其他。

（will可用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称I和we) 如： I will go swimming tomorrow. b. 主语+ be going to + do+其他。

（注意：be 动词要与主语的人称和数一致）如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.
否定句：a. 主语+shall/will+not+do（will not 可缩写成won’t）
b. 主语+ be+ not+ going to +do 如：I won’t go swimming tomorrow.
I am not going to go swimming tomorrow.
一般疑问句：a. Shall/Will+主语+ do+其他？b. Be+主语+going to+do+其他？如：Will you go swimming tomorrow? Are you going to go
swimming tomorrow？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：What will you go tomorrow? What are you going to do tomorrow?
练习填空。

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.我们将要学习英语
We _____ _______ _________ learn English.
We ________ learn English.
五、一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month， last year等。

一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

2．一般过去式的基本结构：
Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。

（was not=wasn’t）
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。

（were not=weren’t）
○1肯定句:主语＋动词过去式＋其他。

如：I was in Shanghai last month.上个月我在上海。

We went to Shanghai last month.我们上个月去了上海。

○2否定句：a主语＋wasn’t/weren’t＋其他。

如: I wasn’t in Shanghai last month.
b. 主语＋didn’t＋动词原形＋其他。

(did + not = didn't)
如：We didn’t go to Shanghai last month.
○3一般疑问句: a.Was/Were+主语＋其他？
如：Were you in Shanghai last month?
b. Did＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？如：Did you go to Shanghai last month? ○4特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Where were you last month? Where did you go last month?
动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed;如：
look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited
2．以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d；如： live→lived use→used 3．以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加–ed；如： study →studied, try→tried fly→flied
4．以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加–ed，
如： stop→stopped plan→planned
5．不规则动词过去式：
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank,
swim-swam, sit-sat
练习一、写出下列动词的过去式
is/am_________ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ put ______
kick_________ pass_______ do ________
练习二、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
练习三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
六、人称代词和物主代词
人称代词指代人或物，在句中作主语或宾语，所以有主格和宾格。

宾格代词用于替代处于宾语位置上的名词，可以用作直接宾语和间接宾语。

如：I am a student. (I 主语) Please help me. (me 直接宾语) Give me a book. (me 间接宾语)
物主代词是表示所有关系的一种代词，亦称所有格代词。

物主代词有两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

形容词性物主代词为限定词，放在名词或名词短语前作定语。

如：This is my book.
名词性物主代词起名词的作用，后面不可以再接名词。

在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语。

如: Your pen is red. Mine is black.
你的钢笔是红色的,我的是黑色的。

He didn’t use his ink. He used mine.
他没有用他自己的墨水，他用了我的。

习题一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
二、用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
七、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
（一）构成规则
1．一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est
（1）单音节词如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest （2）双音节词如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st 如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest
3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5．其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily
注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。

如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
（2）形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。

It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。

如：good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest （二）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B”意思为“A比B更……”。

如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。

注意：①在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。

②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。

如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。

2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”如：It is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越凉爽。

3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。

如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?
4. “the +比较级..., the+比较级”，表示“越...越...”。

如： The sooner，the better. 越快越好。

习题一、出下列形容词、副词的原级，比较级，最高级
small→→→fatter→
hot→________ →________ thin→________→ _________
heavy→________ →________ bad→________→ _________
习题二、用适当形式填空：
1. Bob is ________ ( young ) than Fred but __________ (tall) than Fred
2. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) asYongxian.
3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks ____ ___ (fat) than before .
4. Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?
5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling? -- She' s only 1.40 metres ______ (tall). She is much _______(short)
than Sally. She is also the _______ (short)girlin theclass.。