复合句详细讲解

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【专题八】主从复合句(状从、名从和定从)【考点分析】

状语从句

1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别;

2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句;

3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;

4.till和until的用法;

5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法;

6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别;

7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;

8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法;

9. in case引导的状语从句;

10.where引导的状语从句;

11.once引导的状语从句。

12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。

名词从句

1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别;

2.名词从句的语序和时态;

3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;

4.宾语从句的否定转移;

5.whether和if的用法区别;

6.what在名词性从句中的使用;

7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用;

8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别;

9.连接词that的省略;

定语从句

1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别;

2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别;

3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别;

4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查;

5. such…as与such…that的区别;the same…as与the same…that的区别;

6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查;

7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略;

8.含有插入语的定语从句;

9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。

【知识点归纳】

I.句子的种类

复习主从复合句时,我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解,才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。

按用途分

状语从句是每年高考必考的容,在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰,以及倒装句,强调句的介入,使得状语从句更为复杂。

1.时间状语从句

由下列连词引导:when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,as soon as,now that,hardly…when,

scarcely…when,no sooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词(短语)或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如:directly,instantly,immediately,by the time,the moment,the second,the minute,the instant,every time,each time,next time,the last time等

重点容如下:

①when,while,as引导的时间状语从句

▲as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。

She came up as I was cooking.(同时)

The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)

▲when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。

It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)

When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间)

When we arrived there,the film had already begun.(先后发生)

▲while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换。

Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working.

He fell asleep while/when reading.

Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when,这里的while意思是“趁……”)

②before状语从句的重点句型

▲……之后……才:It was a long time before I got to sleep .

▲不多久……就:It wasn’t long before he told me about the affair.

▲不等……就:Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.

▲刚……就:He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.

▲先……再:You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.

③since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式(包括过去完成时),则从句的动作已经结

束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性的用完成时态,从句意思是肯定的。

▲He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后,他一直未来看我。(不

在生病了)

▲He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了,他一直未来看

我。

▲I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.

自从他这里搬走,我就没有收到他的信。(不住在这儿了)

▲I know him very well since he has lived here near us.自他住在我们附近以

来,我对他很了解。

▲It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)

▲It’s three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since he joined the army.

我入伍已三年了。

④如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的,则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其

使用的主句是否肯定的,则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首,只有until从句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首时主句要倒装。

2.原因状语从句

由下列连词引导:as(由于),because(因为), since(既然),now (that) (既然), considering that(顾及到), seeing that(由于)。

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