形合与意合与翻译

A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that women have outgrown the jumping-on-the-chair-at-the-sightof-a-mouse era, and colonel who says that they haven’t. 一位年轻女士和一位上校展开了一 场热烈的讨论。女士坚持认为，妇女已 有进步，看见老鼠就吓得跳上椅子的时 代已经过去了；上校则认为不然。
老关忙即跳下车去，摸摸腰间的 勃郎宁，又向四下里瞥了一眼，就过 去开了车门，站在门旁边。
After jumping out of the car quickly, Old Guan placed his hand on the Browning at his side and then glanced all round, after which he turned round to open the other door and stood beside it.
人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首 先看到的都是他或她的优点。
Human beings are interesting, when they first get in contact with a person, they always see his or her merit. Human beings are interesting. When they first get in contact with a person, they always see his or her merit.
2.汉译英时，应以语段为单位进行理解， 分析，转换，而不应受限于单句。 汉语的语段是适合汉译英翻译的最 基本单位。
这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。 开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。 吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。
This is like having dinner in a restaurant. When you begin to have the first dish or cold dish, the impression is good. When you begin to have the first two courses, you are also full of praise.
4. 汉译英时，应遵循简洁的原则，善于 使用英语的分词，不定式，形容词及 形容词短语以及介词短语来连接句子 成分。
他们大多是一些基层技术人员： 他们有才有智，奉公守法，深信自己 的所作所为是为国为民。
Most of them are grass-root technical personnel. Capable, intelligent, dedicated and lawabiding, they believe that all that they do is for their people and their country.
长句严密，周详，精确，细致，宜于 阐述复杂的观点，抒发细腻的感情，描 述具体的细节，常见于书面语，尤其是 政论文，科技论文，公文或小说里的叙 述与描写。 短句简洁，明快，活泼，有力，宜 于叙述事物，说明情况，抒发感情，对 比强调，常见于口语，尤其是日常会话， 辩论，演讲，台词，杂文，广播稿，儿 童文学或小说里的人物对话。
Human beings are so interesting that when they first get in contact with a person, they always see his or her merit.
Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance.
You will be not only favorably impressed with the first dish or cold dishes, but also profuse in praise of the first two courses.
3.英语具有SV提携机制的特点。在整合的 过程中，需准确Hale Waihona Puke Baidu定主句以及主语，才 能统领全局/句。
All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day when the little copper ball fell.
过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息： 在小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。 这一切终于得到了澄清。
人真是可笑的动物，一点极微末 的小事情，便会受着很深的影响。
Men are really laughable creatures, so easily upset by trifles.
后来她终于睡着了，开始时是时 醒时睡，似醒似睡，做的梦也十分 怪诞不羁；后来才深深地酣睡了， 直到黎明才睁开双眼。 Eventually she had slept, fitfully and transiently at first with nightmares, but in the end deeply until dawn.
妻子洗碗时失手打碎了一只碗， 丈夫说一句：“怎么搞的，一只碗都拿 不牢。”妻子不服气，顶一句：“一只 碗值几毛钱，也值得你心疼半天，怎么 不心疼我割破了手？”丈夫一听来了 气…
“Is the porcelain bowl so worthy that you show so much concern for that while you do not concern my cut finger? ”
Enlightenment in translation
英译汉：大树 珍珠 形合走向意合； 语法走向语义； 聚集走向流散； 主谓走向话题； 分译；减译
When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north. 东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北 方。
It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.
他站住，转过身来，定睛一看，是 个年迈的妇女。她身材很高，仍然一副 好模样，只是因受岁月折磨而有点憔悴。
“What worth is it to merit your regret? My finger cut by the broken piece is no concern of yours!”
中国人十分注重他们的名字，尤 其是在文学作品中，人物的名字通常 都被赋予特殊的含义。 Chinese pay great attentions to their names, especially in literary works, names of the characters are always endowed with special meanings.
Old Guan quickly jumped out of the car. He placed his hand on the Browning at his side and glanced all round. Then he went round to open the other door and stood beside it.
5. 过度形合，不考虑原文文体风格等特点。
英汉修辞学都主张长短句交替， 单复句相间。句子的长短与写作的题 材，文体等紧密相关。
过分使用长句或短句都会产生单 调感（monotony）。 Variety in sentence length is much more important than average length.
Yu Jingtang was astonished when she put forward such a question. He immediately realized the girl was a young bird just able to fly.
Her abrupt question took Yu Jingtang by surprise and made him realize the girl was a young bird just able to fly.
我这时突然感到一种异样的感觉， 觉得他满身灰尘的身影，刹时高大了， 而且愈走愈大，须仰视才见。
Suddenly I had a strange feeling that his dusty, retreating figure seemed larger at that instant. Indeed, the further he walked the larger he loomed, until I had to look up to him.
她忽然提出了这么个问题，使余敬 唐吃了一惊。立刻看出这姑娘还是个刚 离娘窝的“雏儿”。 She suddenly put forward such a question, which astonished Yu Jingtang. He immediately realized the girl was a young bird just able to fly.
屋子里总是散乱着碗碟，弥漫着煤 烟，使人不能安心做事。 The room was so cluttered up with dishes and bowls and filled with smoke that it was impossible to work steadily there.
东壁画散花天女，内以垂髫者，拈花 微笑，樱唇欲动，眼波将流。 On the east wall was a picture of heavenly nymphs scattering flowers. Among these beauties was a young girl wearing maiden tresses. With a flower in hand, she was smiling sweetly while her cherry lips seemed about to move and her watery eyes seemed overflowed with tenderness.
汉译英：珍珠 大树
从意合走向形合的过程； 从流散型走向聚集型的过程； 从语义型走向语法型的过程； 从话题句走向主谓句的过程 合译；增译
具体言之：
1. 由于汉语句子多意合，句子各成分 之间的关系常常处于隐含状态。英译时， 首先要分析出各部分之间隐含的逻辑关 系，在此基础之上进行整合，并选用恰 当的连接词语。
新媳妇哭了一天一夜，头也不梳， 脸也不洗，饭也不吃，躺在炕上，谁也 叫不起来，父子两个没了办法。
The newly-married woman cried for a whole day and night, refusing to comb hair, wash her face, or take any food. She lay on the kang, and no one could persuade her to get up， leaving the husband and father-in-law at a loss.