土木工程专业英语论文

Take the road of sustainable development civil engineering
Abstract: Civil Engineering is the oldest in human history "technical science" as a system of industrial activity, the essence of civil engineering production process, is a technical process
摘要：土木工程是人类历史上年代最久远的“技术科学”，作为一种系统的产业活动，土木工程的实质是生产的过程，是一种技术过程。

Civil engineering is the construction of various facilities in science and technology, collectively, both refer to the construction of the object, that is built on the ground, underground, water facilities, a variety of projects, but also refers to the application of materials, equipment and carried out survey and design , construction, maintenance, repair and other technology.
As an important basis for discipline, civil engineering has its important attributes: a comprehensive, social, practical, technical and economic and artistic unity. With the progress of human society and development, civil engineering has already evolved into large-scale comprehensive subject, and has many branches, such as: construction, railroad engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, specialty engineering structures, water supply and drainage projects, port engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and other disciplines. There are six professional civil engineering: architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, built environment and equipment engineering, water supply and drainage works and road and bridge projects. Introduction to Engineering through a semester course of study, I have been deeply impressed by the Civil Engineering covers a wide range, appreciate the achievements of their predecessors, but also understand that as a civil engineer of great responsibility. Of course, we can not have been immersed in the brilliant achievements, stalled. We should also advance with the times, to dig, to discover, to think, to imagine, to be innovative. In this, China's future as a civil engineer, I would like to combine the history of civil engineering, combined with China's national conditions and the world situation, to talk about civil engineering and sustainable development.
My knowledge about civil engineering has been broadened since I became a student of Tongji University.
Civil engineering is a form of human activity. Human beings pursued it to change the natural environment for their own benefit. Buildings, transportations, facilities, infrastructures are all included in civil engineering.
The development of civil engineering has a long history. Our seniors had left a lot of great constructions to us. For example, Zhao Zhou Bridge is the representative of our Chinese civil engineering masterpieces. It has a history of more than 1300 years and is still service at present. Civil engineering has been so rapid development of the period. A lot of new bridges have been constructed, and many greater plans are under discussion. China is a large county. And she is still well developing. So this era will be both exciting and rewarding for the Chinese Civil Engineers. And of course, civil engineering’s futu re is promising.
However, civil engineers will be facing more complex problems. We should pay attention to the growing population and a lot of deteriorating infrastructures. We should prepare for the possibility of natural disasters. To meet grow needs in the future; we should also try to update all the transportation systems.
To deal with these problems, we will have to develop innovative and enterprising skills. And we should choose a way that we can go continuously. Hazard Mitigation may be a great choice. Not only can it save money in the long run, but also avoid getting into an embarrassing situation in which we have to rebuild all the broken buildings. And we should also use more environmentally friendly materials when designing or constructing new buildings.
Well, to be a brilliant civil engineer is not easy. Today, engineering is a synthetic system. It not only depends on traditional mechanics, but also closely related to advanced science. So Physics, Chemistry, Material Science, Computer Science and perhaps more are all in our civil engineering program.
To be a good civil engineer, we should have the ability to apply the knowledge, to design a system, a component, or a procedure of construction. We should also be able to conduct experiments and explain the results. Furthermore, an engineer never works alone, so we shall cooperate with working team, and try our best to communicate effectively.
I’m very glad to be a student in this wonderful field. And I will try my best to be a successful civil engineer, to make contributions to our motherland.
1. Of civil engineering history, current situation and future development of knowledge 1.1.1 Ancient Civil Engineering
Ancient Civil Engineering has a very long time span, it is roughly from 5000 BC to the Neolithic Age to the mid-17th century, around about 7000 years. In housing construction, bridge engineering, hydraulic engineering, tower engineering have made brilliant achievements. Some of the masterpieces of ancient civilization handed down a lot, so far stand tall. For example, China's Great Wall, Egyptian pyramids and so on. Built in the 6th century arch bridge, is the world's first open shoulder arch bridge, in 1991, American Society of Civil Engineers was selected as the world in 12 civil engineering landmark. 1.1.2 Modern Civil Engineering
The time span of the modern civil engineering from the mid-17th century to the mid-20th century, after about 300 years. In the meantime, construction materials mainly from a shift to natural materials mainly man-made materials, the construction of theory building from the main to sum up the experience long-term experience to take into account the importance of scientific change. Construction techniques, some of the performance of large machinery along with a variety of highly effective methods of construction there, so people began to construct the complex structure or a poor environment in which civil engineering. During the completion of the Eiffel Tower, Empire State Building and Golden Gate suspension bridge, is still regarded as the great civil engineering.
1.1.3 Modern Civil Engineering
Modern civil engineering began in the mid-20th century. Development to date,
civil engineering in building materials, structural theory and construction
techniques have made very great progress.
Building materials, high-strength concrete, high strength low alloy steel,
polymers, glass more and more appear in the buildings. Structure theory, the
use of powerful computing and computer graphics, mechanical analysis and the
results more in line with the results of the calculation of the actual situation in
which the design is more reliable. For building technology, have been developed
to machine - electrical - computer integration, the construction process, whether
it is God, and crosses into the earth or the sea, are not the construction of the
barrier; and the widespread use of welding technology, but also makes the steel
structure development has entered a new stage.
Created by world-renowned modern civil engineering construction are: China's
Taipei International Financial Center, Shanghai Jin Mao T ower, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia's oil and building the twin towers, the French Normandy cable-stayed
bridge and so on.
1.2 pairs of understanding of the status of civil engineering
Today's civil engineering, are increasingly using the same function or its
production process closely.
Requirements of public and residential buildings in the architectural, structural,
water supply and drainage, heating, ventilation for gas, electricity and other
modern technical equipment increasingly integrated as a whole.
Industrial buildings require constant temperature and humidity, anti-vibration,
anti-corrosion, radiation, fire, explosion, magnetic, dust, high (low) temperature,
resistance to high (low) wet, to a large span, ultra-heavy-duty, flexible space
direction.
In addition, a growing number of high-rise buildings, underground engineering
high-speed development, urban elevated highways, overpasses appeared in
large numbers, and the progressive realization of high-speed transportation,
large-scale water conservancy projects.
It is worth mentioning that China's reform and opening up, the comprehensive
national strength has greatly improved, and already has more large-scale
development and use of water conditions, such as the Three Gorges Dam,
water diversion project are all world-class large-scale water project.
1.3 pairs of understanding the future development of Civil Engineering
With the constant deepening of China's reform and opening up and rapid
economic development, China will face a more massive building boom. We can
say that we are faced with a leap of civil engineering along with the great
development of the national economy a good period. And such a good
development environment has been and will continue to be the West's urgent
attention.
As a cross-century generation, this situation provides us with excellent rare
Shizhancaigan unprecedented, the impact to the international standards of good
opportunities. At the same time, we feel deeply that this is an "opportunity" and
"challenge" coexist, "cooperation" and "competition" intertwined, "innovation"
and "follow the old" era of competing, how to grasp the turn of the century when
the Civil disciplines, trends, and create with Chinese characteristics, world-class
new era of civil engineering disciplines, a generation of our century's challenges.
2. My feelings and understanding: China's Civil Engineering to go the road of sustainable
development
China's civil engineering has its own particularity.
"China is the world's most populous country, a great resource in addition to that by 13 $ 110 to become negligible, while a small problem multiplied by 1.3 billion becomes a big problem." Professor Liu Xila this language effectively tells our the difficulty lies.
China's coal, oil, gas, water, forests are living in the world total, and per capita, but all below the world average. Population, energy, education, pollution problems have become severe problems faced by the four. Path of sustainable development is imminent. And civil engineering, also will be when a long-term, out of a sustainable development.
World, the modernization process of the United States can be described as advanced, and now data indicate that: the future of the United States to invest $ 1.6 trillion construction projects to address the unsafe condition, for example, chloride-induced corrosion of buildings and so on. As a contemporary civil engineer, in the tradition of the brilliant achievements of our predecessors, but also have a lot of the lessons learned have been an accident, in future work to improve innovation and achieve sustainable development.
2.1 the development of high-tech, structural health monitoring applications, to
achieve sustainable development
Civil Engineering in actual use, there will be varying degrees of damage or
performance degradation, since this will affect the carrying capacity and
durability, and even lead to serious construction accidents, caused significant
casualties and economic losses, resulting in serious social impact . Therefore,
from the moment of completion of construction, we must make health monitoring,
repair and reinforcement of the preparation.
With modern sensor technology, computer and communications technology,
signal processing techniques and structural analysis and dynamic analysis of
the rapid development of the theory, it is proposed the concept of structural
health monitoring, to revolutionize the development of civil engineering changes.
Structural health monitoring system installed in the structure through a variety of
sensors, automatic, real-time measurement of the structure of the environment,
load, response, etc., on the structure of health status assessment, scientific and
effective conservation and management structure to provide basis for decision
making, to ensure the structural safety of the operation to extend the structural
life.
In recent years, large-scale civil engineering structures, especially large-span
bridge health monitoring domestic and international engineering and technology
as the focus of attention in the academic community through research and
engineering and technical personnel research efforts have yielded fruitful results.
Home and abroad in recent years, new bridges were installed in many large
structural health monitoring systems, such as China's Shanghai Xupu Bridge,
Jiangyin Yangtze River Highway Bridge, the Donghai Bridge, Hong Kong's Tsing
Ma Bridge, the bridge and Youngjong Korea Seohae bridge, U.S. Commodore
Barry Bridge and Canada Confedration bridges.
Like this, through the development of structural health monitoring and safety
warning, the first time found that the construction problems that may arise,
timely repair and reinforcement, both to avoid the possible construction
accidents, construction has been largely solved the rapid aging of damage, have
Remove the restoration of the embarrassing situation, and the resulting large
number of economic resources, a waste of time to achieve the sustainable
development of building use.
2.2 The rational use of natural resources, focusing on re-use of existing civil
engineering infrastructure, to achieve sustainable development
"Sustainable development is achieved without sacrificing the ability of future
generations to meet their needs and conditions, to meet current needs."
Rational use of natural resources, will have in the civil engineering construction,
use and maintenance process, the civil engineer to take the initiative to be
saving energy, and maximize the role of both civil engineering facilities.
For example, we can take advantage of building green, gray brick walls in the
summer, reduce the surface temperature, thereby reducing air conditioning use;
can use energy-saving type of brick or insulation composite wall as the wall
material, to the role of thermal insulation in winter ; also solar energy, ground
heat and other new energy sources, reducing the amount of non-renewable
resources to reduce.
In addition, the reuse of existing buildings is also an important means of
sustainable development. This regard, Shanghai has made a lot of successful
experience: do not plant a lot, a lot has been transformed into exhibition halls,
offices, artists studios. This transformation of re-use, consistent with the
requirements of modern use, but also save energy, avoid waste, is an effective 2.3 Development and utilization of renewable resources and green resources to
achieve sustainable development
Removal of waste each year the world of concrete, concrete waste generated by
construction etc will have a huge amount of construction waste. China's annual
construction of the building construction waste generated by 4,000 tons, have
produced 13.6 million tons of waste concrete, removal processing a large
amount of environmental pollution. In addition, China is the world's cement
production 20 years of superpower, which in itself is a high consumption of
resources, high energy consumption, pollution of the environment industry.
Compared with other materials, steel and recycled concrete is more in line with
green building standards, this should be to develop the green building materials.
In this regard, Japan's Aichi World Expo, give us a vivid lesson: materials, the
Expo will be a variety of construction materials on the surface is very high, but
many are recycling. Many plank wood construction waste by processing, placed
around the chair, TV cabinet is made of crush. Toyota Pavilion wall is made from
recycled waste paper processing, long-term venue Japan Pavilion, only the
pursuit of harmony between man and nature, but also saves the expenditure,
the use of most of the steel and wood, can be recycled. At the same time, the
advantages of bamboo wall to September 3 Aichi summer also showed
exhaustive. Bamboo greatly reduces the performance of their indoor
temperature, air-conditioning use is also significantly reduced. This gave me a
number of thought: in the building material selection, the appropriate place in the
application of renewable natural resources, save money, but also to achieve a
harmonious and sustainable ecological development and architecture, why not?
In addition, the World Expo in Aichi Japan Nagakute, Japan Pavilion cocoon-like
in order to reduce heat load, the use of green walls, bio-degradable plastic
materials and thinning wood (forest wood to be cut fine) to achieve the
environmental protection function. "Nature's Wisdom" as the theme of the Aichi
World Expo, pavilion building large-scale application of modern scientific and
technological achievements, highlighting the environmental and functional,
reflecting the natural beauty of the human diligently pursuing. This should also
be the future civil engineers to learn and develop.
China's building, Professor Li Guohao Yangpu Bridge is also designed classic.
Approach part of the spiral structure, saving several hundred million RMB, is a
civil and sustainable economic development model.
Of course, sustainable development, by no means blind pursuit of savings, but
the most reasonable to seek a middle state, we must ensure there is enough
creative architecture, but also the pursuit of the perfect technical and economic
indicators, with minimum investment for maximum benefits. We still still want to
create classic, but must not be built on the squandering of money, based on
consuming more resources and energy basis. T oday, building the world has
entered an era of eco-aesthetics, focusing on culture, ecology, engineering and
environmental relationship between the human-oriented, energy saving and
sustainable development, the focus is the direction of contemporary engineers.
3.Civil Engineering expertise should have the quality
A good civil engineer, must have the "four elements", that is, knowledge structure,
practical skills, ability to structure and the overall quality and innovation.
Knowledge structure, including: public basic knowledge, professional knowledge and expertise.
First, the good civil engineer must have a solid basic knowledge of the public, and, in the familiar basis of natural science, a good psychological and moral humanities, social science-based knowledge is also essential.
Second, the best engineers must also have excellent professional knowledge. Of
engineering mathematics, fluid mechanics, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering and so have a solid understanding and ability to apply strong.
Third, also in-depth expertise. Whether engaged in railway engineering, tunnels, underground works or construction projects, each engineer has to be advanced for the emphasis on industry expertise. The only way to make our civil engineering business, walking in the forefront of the world.
Inseparable from the practice of Civil Engineering. Therefore, engineers have to have superb practical skills. For example: drawing skills, computer application skills, measurement skills and structural engineering testing skills.
As a Civil Engineering undergraduate students, I will be four years of college learning process, and strive to master the computer language and programming skills, treasure every opportunity to practice on the machine, and in college physics experiments, material testing and structural experiments The general structure of the experiment to master the basic method, with the structure of the initial test of skills, and providing technical training, curriculum design, structural design for the contest winners.
In addition, the difference between engineers and scientists not only by the constraints of the laws of nature, will be bound by the laws of society. Engineering and technical personnel complete each project is a program of "social activities" may not rely on a person in the room alone. Therefore, to have sufficient capacity to deal with social, follow the laws of good society.
In school life, I will continue to improve their learning ability, from the engineering capabilities to enhance learning, students work to enhance the management capacity, and gradually improve their own knowledge structure, from which to develop a science and technology development capabilities and skills and the ability of public relations to do more.
However, these skills also help to constitute a truly sustainable development of China's civil engineer. Because the engineer is the most important cultural enrichment with high moral and intellectual quality. In order to state and national interests, dedicated to the cause of the motherland. For the country's honor, to have a strong sense of competition. With dialectical materialist way of thinking, there is step on solid, rigorous, hard working style. The only way to be a qualified civil engineer in China.
We should also note that China's civil engineering industry with world-class level there is a gap. For example, many domestic high-rise buildings (including the Shanghai World Financial Center), almost all of its engineering design borne from abroad, almost all steel products imported from abroad, the general contractor were mostly borne by the foreign countries, only the steel structure fabrication and installation work by domestic unit commitment. Be completely independent intellectual property rights, engineering and construction to achieve the localization, catch up with international standards, we need the young generation to complete!
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