英语的八大时态用法详解
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英语八大时态用法详解
一.一般现在时
1. 概念:表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2. 基本结构:
(1)主语+ be动词(is / am / are)+表语
(2)主语+ 行为动词的原形或单数第三人称形式+其他
(3)There be 句型:There is / are +n. +介词短语is / are 根据n. 的单复数决定。
否定形式:
(1)am / is /are + not;
(2)谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn’t,同时行为动词还原为原形。
(3)There is / are not +n. +介词短语
一般疑问句:
(1)把is / am / are动词放于句首;
(2)用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时还原行为动词;(3))There is / are +n. +介词短语: is / are动词放于句首。
3.标志性时间状语:
(1)on + 星期s = every 星期(2)once / twice/ three times a week (month / year …)
(3)频度副词always / usually / often / sometimes=at times= (every)once in a while / seldom / never(不绝对)
(4)in the mornings / afternoons / evenings = every morning / afternoon/ evening
4.用法:
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
(2)表示客观真理,客观存在或科学事实。
如:The earth moves around the sun.
(3)表示格言或警句。
如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
如:Columbus proved that the earth is round.
(4)表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性等。
如:I don’t want so much.
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
(5)一般现在时表示将来含义
①come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
—When does the bus star?
—It stars in ten minutes.
②在时间或条件状语句中。
如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
二.一般过去时
1. 概念:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。
2. 基本结构:
(1)主语+ was / were +表语
(2)主语+ 行为动词的过去式+其他
(3)There be 句型:There was / were +n. +介词短语
(4)主语+could+动词原形
(5)主语+used to do sth
否定形式:
(1)was / were + not;
(2)在行为动词前加didn’t,同时还原行为动词。
(3)There was / were not +n. +介词短语
(4)主语+could not +动词原形
(5)主语+used not to do sth或主语+didn’t use to do sth
一般疑问句:
(1)was或were放于句首;
(2)用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词;
(3)There was / were +n. +介词短语:was或were放于句首;
(4)could放于句首;
(5)Used主语+ to do sth或Did+主语+use to do sth
3.时间状语:
(1)last 短语(2)时间段+ago (3)yesterday及yesterday短语
(4)at the age of = when sb. was+年龄(5)in one’s teens / twenties (6)固定短语:just now=a moment ago, one day, from then on, at that time, the day before yesterday, before, long before, in the past , in the / early old days, in the ancient days, in the ancient + 国家,long long ago = once upon a time (故事的开头)
4. 用法:
(1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
如:Where did you go just now?
(2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
注意:used to do sth“过去常常做某事”,表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。
如:Mother used not to be so forgetful. 妈妈过去没这么健忘。
(3)用于时间状语从句
a. 由when 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时态,主句用过去进行时态。如:His mother was cooking when he came back.
b. 由since/before 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时态,主句用现在完成时态。
如:I have made many friends since I came to China.
It has been/is 15 years since I was a teacher.
It has been/is 15 years before he knew it. 不知不觉15 年过去了。
c. 由when / by the time/ before引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时态,主句用过去完成时态。
如:The plane had taken off when / by the time we arrived at the airport.
The Enlish class had begun before I got to school.
三.现在进行时