摄影测量学简介(中英对照)

Photogrammetry is the “art, science and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant imagery and other phenomena” (American Society of Photogrammetry 1980). 摄影测量学是“通过记录，测量，解释摄影图片和电磁辐射影像和其他现象的模式获得关于物质对象和环境可靠信息的艺术，科学和技术。”（美国摄像测量协会1980）

Photogrammetry was invented in 1851 by Colonel Aimé Laussedat, and has continued to develop over the last 150 years. Over time, the development of photogrammetry has passed through the phases of plane table photogrammetry, analog photogrammetry, analytical photogrammetry, and has now entered the phase of digital photogrammetry (Konecny 1994).

摄影测量学是由AiméLaussedat上校在1851年创立的，延续发展了近150年。在这期间，摄影测量学的发展经历了平板摄影测量、模拟摄影测量、解析摄影测量，现在进入到数字摄影测量阶段。（Konecny 1994年）

The traditional, and largest, application of photogrammetry is to extract topographic information (e.g., terrain models) from aerial images. Figure 2-1 illustrates rugged topography. Photogrammetric techniques have also been applied to process satellite images and close-range images in order to acquire topographic or nontopographic information of photographed objects. Topographic information includes spot height information, contour lines, and elevation data. Planimetric information includes the geographic location of buildings, roads, rivers, and so forth.

摄影测量学传统及最广泛的应用是通过航空影像提取地理信息（例如：地形模型），图2-1表明了崎岖的地貌。摄影测量技术也被应用于处理卫星影像和近景影像，来获取拍摄对象的地形和非地形信息。地形信息包括点的高程信息、等高线、海拔数据等。平面信息包括建筑物、道路、河流等的地理位置。

Prior to the invention of the airplane, photographs taken on the ground were used to extract the relationships between objects using geometric principles. This was during the phase of plane table photogrammetry.

在飞机发明之前，地面摄影被应用于提取对象之间的联系，而这需要是用几何原理。这都是出现在平面摄影测量时期的。

In analog photogrammetry, starting with stereo measurement in 1901, optical or mechanical instruments were used to reconstruct three-dimensional geometry from two overlapping photographs. Figure 2-2 depicts a typical analog stereo plotter. The main product during this phase was topographic maps.

在模拟摄影测量时期，利用创源于1901年的立体测量，让光学、机械式的仪器被使用于通过两幅重叠影像来重建三维几何图形。图形2-2描述了一台典型的模拟立体测图仪，这一阶段的主要产物就是地形图。

In analytical photogrammetry, the computer replaced some expensive optical and mechanical components. The resulting devices were analog/digital hybrids. Analytical aerotriangulation, analytical plotters, and orthophoto projectors were the main developments during this phase. Outputs of analytical photogrammetry can be topographic maps, but also can be digital products, such as digital maps and DEMs.