第13讲 状语从句

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从句与主句的时态关系是通过从句与主句的谓语 动词动作(或状态)发生的时间关系来确定的：从句谓 语动词动作(或状态)先于主句谓语动词动作(或状态) 发生；从句谓语动词动作(或状态)与主句谓语动词动 作(或状态)同时发生； 从句谓语动词动作(或状态)后 于主句谓语动词动作(或状态)发生。因此，从句和主 句各自的时态应该彼此参照使用，注意彼此时态在 逻辑意义上的一致性。但要注意在时间状语
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had had 4. Because I __________(进行) a conversation with my parents, we reached better understanding of each other. 【解析】 had had 从句谓语动词动作have先于 have 主句谓语动词动作reach发生。
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2. What are you going to be ________________up when you grow (当你 长大时)? 【解析】 when you grow up 从句动作“长大”与 “ ” 主句状态动词“干什么”同时发生，均用将来时态。 但此处从句动词时态为一般式表将来。
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状语从句中从属连词在形式上具有如下特点： 在数量上，可能是一个单词，也可能是短语。 从属连词本身可以是连词，也可由其他词类转化 而来。因而，从属连词在原始词性上，可能是连词， 如since；可能是名词，如the minute, the moment, the second, every time ， each time, the first time ， the instant ； 可 能 是 副 词 ， 如 immediately ， directly ， instantly；可能是现在分词，如supposing (that),
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8. Food is to man what_oil_is_to_industry. 食物之于人正如石油之于工业。 what oil is to industry作比较状语。
9. The employee behaved as_if_he_were_the_boss. 这个员工表现得像老板似的。as if he were the boss作方式状语。
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引导状语从句从属连词形式上有什么特点？ 引导状语从句从属连词形式上有什么特点？
翻译下列句子，找出其从属连词 1. On condition that you return the book on time, you can keep it for 2 weeks. 假如你按时归还这本书，你可以借两个星期。句 中从属连词：on condition that。
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was informed 3. She burst into tears as soon as she__________ (被 告知) of her failure in the interview. 【解析】 was informed 在as soon as 引导的“一 as “ ……就……”句型中，从句动作与主句动作衔接紧 凑，可理解为(几乎)同时发生。
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4. The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so_that_he_could_sign_them. 老板要秘书赶快送交那些信件以便他能签发。 so that he could sign them作目的状语。 5. He got up so early that_he_caught_the_first_bus. 他起得很早因此他赶上了第一班车。that he caught the first bus作结果状语。
第13讲 13讲
状语从句
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什么是状语从句？ 什么是状语从句？
翻译下列句子，指出句子中的状语从句 1. Great changes have taken place in China in the last few decades. 最近几十年以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。句中 无状语从句。
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2. Whoever breaks the law shall be punished. 任何违背了法律的人必定受到惩罚。句中无 状语从句。 3. Being ill, she had to remain at home. 因为生病，她只好留在家里。句中无状语从 句。
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2. The second I heard the cry for help, I rushed out of room to see what was happening. 我一听到呼救声，我就冲出房间看个究竟。句 中从属连词：the second。 3. Considering nobody is absent, we are more likely to win the game. 鉴于无人缺席，我们赢得比赛的把握更大。句 中从属连词：considering that。
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引导各类状语从句的从属连词分别为： 时间状语从句： when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, the minute, the moment, the second, every time ， each time, the first time ， the instant, immediately, directly，instantly, no sooner … than…， hardly …when…， scarcely … when… 地 点 状 语 从 句 ： where ， wherever, anywhere, everywhere
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2. Do as you're told to. 按照吩咐的去做。从属连词as表方式。
3. Whoever does the job, we'll pay him or her by the job. 无论谁干这项工作，我们都发计件工资。从属连 词whoever表让步。
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4. The system won't work unless all of us strictly stick to it. 除非我们都严格遵守这项制度，它才会生效。 从属连词unless表条件。 5. The_first_time I came to the city, I became interested in its snacks. 第一次来这个城市，我就对它的小吃感兴趣。从属 连词the first time表时间。
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状语从句一般分为九大类别： 时间状语从句； 地点状语从句；原因状语从句；目的状语从句；结 果状语从句；条件状语从句；让步状语从句；比较 状语从句和方式状语从句。
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引导状语从句从属连词有哪些？ 引导状语从句从属连词有哪些？
翻译下列句子，指出句中的从属连词类别并总结 各类状语从句 1. The teacher is more strict with us than he used to be. 老师比以前更加严格要求我们。从属连词than表 比较。
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6. You will certainly succeed so_long_as_you_keep_on_trying. 只要你不断尝试，你当然会成功。so long as you keep on trying作条件状语。
7. Much_as_I_respect_him,_I can't agree to his proposal. 虽然我非常尊敬他，但我不同意他的建议。 much as I respect him作让步状语。
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状语从句有哪些类别？ 状语从句有哪些类别？
翻译下列句子，指出画线部分状语从句的类别 1.Every_time_I_see_action_movies_acted_by_Jackie_Ch an,_I would get excited. 每当我看成龙演的动作片时，我会很兴奋。 Every time I see action movies acted by Jackie Chan 作时间状语。
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8. Always be in high spirits so_that you can face all the difficulties positively. 总是情绪高昂以便你能积极面对各种困难。从属连 词so that表目的。 9. He takes regular mild exercise so_that he is quite healthy. 他经常做温和型运动，所以很健康。 从属连词so that表结果。
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2. You should have put away the book where_you_took_it. 你应该把书放回原处。 where you took it作地 点状语Leabharlann Baidu 3. The higher income tax is harmful in_that_it_may_discourage_people_from_trying_to_e arn_more. 所得税高是有害的，它让人不想去赚更多的钱。 in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more作原因状语。
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providing (that)；可能是过去分词，如given that；还 可能是介词短语，如in case (that)。
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状语从句的时态与主句有什么联系？ 状语从句的时态与主句有什么联系？
根据提示，完成下列句子， 根据提示，完成下列句子，注意状语从句与主句的 时态关系 1. When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off ____________(起飞了)． 【解析】 had taken off 从句动作“到达”之前。 主句“起飞”动作发生在
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原因状语从句：because, since, as, now that, seeing that, in that, considering that, given that 目的状语从句：so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that 结果状语从句：so that，so … that…， such … that…， to the degree that, to the extent that
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6. The school is situated where there used to be a factory. 学校坐落在原来是座工厂的地方。从属连词 where where表地点。
7. Since there is no time left, let's go on with the topic next time. 既然没时间了，我们下次再继续谈这个话题。从 属连词since表原因。
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4. It's a long time since we last saw each other. 我们好久不见了。句中从属连词：since。
5. Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 带把雨伞去吧，以防下雨。句中从属连词：in case。
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6. Provided everything goes well, the project will hopefully come to an end this June. 假如一切顺利，这个工程可望今年6月竣工。句 中从属连词：provided。 provided
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4. There is life where there is water. 有 水 的 地 方 就 有 生 命 。 句 中 where there is water为地点状语从句。
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状语从句有两个特征：必须在句中作状语；必 须是句子作状语。因此，在句中作状语，修饰句子 或动词等的从句叫状语从句。