材料学外文资料翻译
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案
UNIT 1一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象,交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐(recreation)和食品生产,事实上(virtually),我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。
历史上,社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切(intimately)相关,事实上,早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的(石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代)。
二、早期的人类仅仅使用(access)了非常有限数量的材料,比如自然的石头、木头、粘土(clay)、兽皮等等。
随着时间的发展,通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。
这些性材料包括了陶瓷(pottery)以及各种各样的金属,而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。
此时,材料的应用(utilization)完全就是一个选择的过程,也就是说,在一系列有限的材料中,根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料,直到最近的时间内,科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。
在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得,使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。
因此,为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会,成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来,包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。
三、由于很多新的技术的发展,使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。
对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆,例如:如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材,或者没有其他可以替代(substitute)的东西,汽车就不可能被生产,在现代、复杂的(sophisticated)电子设备依赖于半导体(semiconducting)材料四、有时,将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科(subdiscipline)是非常有用的,严格的来说,材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系,与此相反,材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系,来设计和生产具有预定性能的材料,基于预期的性能。
科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料
Materials Science and Engineeringarc welding 电弧焊calcinations 煅烧casting 熔铸ceramic 陶瓷chemical properties 化学性能cold brittleness 低温脆性colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶congruent compound 合熔化合物constant-deformation tests 定变形试验Creep Strength 潜变强度crystal pattern 晶体结构data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤die casting 拉模铸造drawing & stamping 延轧Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学Edge Finish 边缘处理Engineering Materials 工程材料nano-material 纳米材料ceramic 陶瓷polymer 集合物composite material 复合材料biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构periodic table 周期表Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备Fatigue Test 疲劳测试Features of Metal 金属的特性Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属forging 锻造foundry 铸造High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试Intermetallic compound 金属间化物Ionic Solids 离子晶体Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护Metal Material Science 金属材料学Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理milling 铣削Molecular Solids 分子晶体mould 铸模(美:mold)Phase Rule 相律Principles & Technology for Heating Processing 热处理原理及工艺Principles of Metal Erosion 金属腐蚀原理Principles of Metal Molten Welding & Technique 金属熔焊原理及工艺Principles of Metallography 金属学原理quartz glass 石英玻璃recrystallization 再结晶refractory china 高温陶瓷rolling 挤压seam welding 滚焊silica, SiO2 硅石,二氧化硅solid solution 固熔体spot welding 点焊stamping, pressing 冲压standard single mode fiber; G.625 fiber 标准单模光纤Surface Finish 表面处理temper brittleness 回火脆性Thermal Equilibrium 合金平衡状态transformation Point 变态点transmission fiber 传输光纤coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数stress and strain 应力和应变elastic strain 弹性应变elastic modulus 弹性模量plastic strain 塑性应变yield strength 屈服强度ultimate tensile strength 最大抗拉强度附: 常见的化学元素英汉对照oxygen 氧hydrogen 氢carbon 碳nitrogen 氮fluorine 氟sodium 钠magnesium 镁aluminium 铝silicon 硅phosphorus 磷sulphur 硫chlorine 氯potassium 钾calcium 钙iron 铁zinc 锌silver 银gold 金mercury 汞lead 铅uranium 铀tin 锡iodine 碘barium 钡tungsten 钨platinum 铂nickel 镍copper 铜chromium 铬manganese 锰titaniu 钛Expanded 200 wordsactivator 活化剂active solder 活性焊剂air vent 排气道alloy steel 合金钢angle iron 角钢annealing 退火Antiferromagnetism 反铁磁体Atom Bonding 原子键结Austenite 奥氏体Austenite Carbon Steel 奥氏体碳钢billet 坯锭,钢坯bloom 带状薄板carbon and graphite material 碳和石墨材料carbon ceramic refractory 碳陶耐火物carbon electrode 碳电极carbon equivalent 碳当量carbon fiber 碳纤维carburization 渗碳case hardening 表面硬化cast steel 坩埚钢,铸钢casting 出铁cavity 型控母模cementation 粘固cementite 渗碳体,碳化铁Chrome Stainless Steel 铁铬系不锈钢片Coarse pearlite 粗珠光体coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of scatter 散射系数Coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数coefficient of variation 变异系数coefficient of viscosity 黏度系数coke 焦炭Compound Material Mechanics 复合材料力学compression molding 压缩成型conduction cloth 导电布conductive polystyrene 导电聚苯乙烯condutive polythyne 导电聚乙烯condutive polypropylene 导电聚丙烯Continuous casting process 连续铸造法core 模心公模corrugated iron 瓦垅薄钢板crash forming 碰撞成形critical temperature 临界温度crude steel 粗钢cryolite 冰晶石Crystal Recovery 回复柔软decarbonization, decarburization 脱碳Degree of freedom 自由度Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless 不锈钢片材常用代号Destructive Inspection 破坏的检验Diamagnetism 抗磁体dielectric ceramic materials 介质陶瓷材料diglycidyl 4,5-epoxy-tetrahydrophthalic ester 环氧树脂Distortion 畸变drawing 拉拔Drawing abillity 材料的加工性能elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point 弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点electric steel 电工钢,电炉钢Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet 电镀锌(电解)钢片electrolysis 电解elinvar 镍铬恒弹性钢Elongation 伸长度Elongation test 拉伸测试(顺纹测试) epoxy molding compound 环氧膜塑料Eutectoid Transformation 共释变态Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel 铁锰铝不锈钢Ferrimagnetism 亚铁磁体ferrite 铁氧体,铁醇盐Ferrite Stainless Steel 含铁体不锈钢Ferromagnetism 铁磁体ferronickel 镍铁fine pearlite 幼珠光体flash mold 溢流式模具forming 成型Free Cutting Stainless Steel 易车(快削)不锈钢fritting, sintering 烧结Fusible Alloy 易溶合金fusion, melting, smelting 熔炼(Non-Oriented) Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented 晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向hard steel 硬钢hardenability 硬化性能hardening淬水Hardness & Tensile strength test 硬化及拉力测试heat conductivity 导热度high-speed steel 高速钢Hyper-ectectic Alloy 过共晶体Hyper-eutectoid 过共释钢Hypo-Eutectoid 亚铁释体Hypoeutetic Alloy 亚共晶体intermetallic compound 金属间化物Interstitial solid solution 插入型固熔体iron ingot 铁锭Killed steel 全静钢Lattice constant 格子常数Leaded Free Cutting Steel 含铅易车钢liquid crystals for display 液晶显示材料Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel 低碳马氏体不锈钢magnetic fluid 磁性液体Magnetic particle inspection 磁粉探伤法Magnetic Permeability 透磁度Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm) 磁化率Martensite Stainless Steel 马氏体不锈钢Medium pearlite 中珠光体metal space lattice 金属结晶格子metal strip, metal band 初轧方坯microscopic inspection 显微观察法mild steel, soft steel 软钢,低碳钢Mill's Index 米勒指数moulded steel 铸钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel 镍铬系不锈钢nickel-copper alloy 镍铜合金nitriding 渗氮No Excessive Oxidation 提防过份氧化Non – destructive inspections 不破坏检验Non-Metal Materials 非金属材料Paramagnetism 顺磁体patternmaking 制模Pearlite &Eutectoid 珠光体及共释钢Penetrate inspection 渗透探伤法Peritectic Alloy 包晶合金Peritectic Reaction 包晶反应Peritectic Temperature 包晶温度phosphor for monochromatic display tube 荧光粉pig iron 生铁plastic fiber 塑料光纤Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel 释出硬化不锈钢preheating 预热Primary Creep 第壹潜变期Pro-entectoid ferrite 初释纯铁体profiled bar 铁带,钢带puddling 搅炼pulverization 粉化,雾化quenching 淬火Quenching Media 淬火剂Radiographic inspection 放射线探伤法reduction 还原Reduction of area 断面缩率refining 精炼Refractory Fiber Modules 耐火纤维组件refractory steel 热强钢,耐热钢Reinforced Concrete 钢筋混凝土Reinforced Concrete & Brick Structure 钢筋混凝土及砖石结构Reinforced Concrete Structure 钢砼结构remelting 再熔化,重熔Resistance Welding 电阻焊Rimmed steel 沸腾钢(未净钢) round iron 圆铁runner system 浇道系统scrap iron 废铁Secondary Creep 第二潜变期semiconductor super lattic materials 半导体超晶格材料Semi-killed steel 半静钢shape iron 型钢shape memory alloy; memory alloy 形状记忆合金siliver-copper braging alloy 银铜焊料Single Phase Metal 单相金属Size Tolerance 公差slagging, scorification 造渣Slip Plan 滑动面Soldering and Brazing Alloy 焊接合金solders of low melting point alloys 低温合金钎料Specific gravity & specific density 比重Specific Heat 比热Specific resistivity & specific resistance 比电阻split mold 分割式模具stainless steel 不锈钢steatite ceramics 滑石陶瓷Steel Phases 铁相stoneware 粗瓷Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature 应力退火温度Submerged-arc Welding 埋弧焊Substitutional type solid solution 置换型固熔体Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel 含硫易车钢Surface Insulation 绝缘表面synthetic quartz crystal 人造石英晶体tapping 出渣,出钢,出铁tempering 回火Tertiary Creep 第三潜变期TERTM(Thermal-Expansion Resin Transfer Molding) 热膨胀树脂传递模塑Thermoplastic plastics 热塑性塑料thermoset resin 热固性树脂Thickening agent 增粘剂tinplate, tin 马口铁to insufflate, to inject 注入trimming 清理焊缝ultrafine platinum powder 超细箔粉Ultrasonic inspection 超声波探伤法Unit cell 单位晶格Vinyl chloride resin 聚氯乙烯树脂water flux 水溶性焊剂water soluble soldering flux; water cleaning soldering flux 水溶性助焊剂welding line 熔合痕white fused alumina powder 白刚玉微粉wire 线材wiredrawing 拉丝Work Hardening 硬化wrought iron 熟铁X – ray crystal analyics method X线结晶分析法Yield strength 屈服强度(降伏强度)。
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版-翻译以及答案.doc
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版-翻译以及答案UNIT 1一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象,交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐(recreation)和食品生产,事实上(virtually),我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。
历史上,社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切(intimately)相关,事实上,早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的(石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代)。
二、早期的人类仅仅使用(access)了非常有限数量的材料,比如自然的石头、木头、粘土(clay)、兽皮等等。
随着时间的发展,通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。
这些性材料包括了陶瓷(pottery)以及各种各样的金属,而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。
此时,材料的应用(utilization)完全就是一个选择的过程,也就是说,在一系列有限的材料中,根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料,直到最近的时间内,科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。
在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得,使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。
因此,为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会,成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来,包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。
三、由于很多新的技术的发展,使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。
对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆,例如:如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材,或者没有其他可以替代(substitute)的东西,汽车就不可能被生产,在现代、复杂的(sophisticated)电子设备依赖于半导体(semiconducting)材料四、有时,将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科(subdiscipline)是非常有用的,严格的来说,材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系,与此相反,材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系,来设计和生产具有预定性能的材料,基于预期的性能。
材料科学与工程专业英语课文翻译(1,2,3,10).
United 1 材料科学与工程材料在我们的文化中比我们认识到的还要根深蒂固。
如交通、房子、衣物,通讯、娱乐和食物的生产,实际上,我们日常生活中的每一部分都或多或少地受到材料的影响。
历史上社会的发展、先进与那些能满足社会需要的材料的生产及操作能力密切相关。
实际上,早期的文明就以材料的发展程度来命名,如石器时代,铜器时代。
早期人们能得到的只有一些很有限的天然材料,如石头、木材、粘土等。
渐渐地,他们通过技术来生产优于自然材料的新材料,这些新材料包括陶器和金属。
进一步地,人们发现材料的性质可以通过加热或加入其他物质来改变。
在这点上,材料的应用完全是一个选择的过程。
也就是说,在一系列非常有限的材料中,根据材料的优点选择一种最适合某种应用的材料。
直到最近,科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。
这个大约是过去的60 年中获得的认识使得材料的性质研究成为时髦。
因此,成千上万的材料通过其特殊的性质得以发展来满足我们现代及复杂的社会需要。
很多使我们生活舒适的技术的发展与适宜材料的获得密切相关。
一种材料的先进程度通常是一种技术进步的先兆。
比如,没有便宜的钢制品或其他替代品就没有汽车。
在现代,复杂的电子器件取决于所谓的半导体零件.材料科学与工程有时把材料科学与工程细分成材料科学和材料工程学科是有用的。
严格地说,材料科学涉及材料到研究材料的结构和性质的关系。
相反,材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。
从功能方面来说,材料科学家的作用是发展或合成新的材料,而材料工程师是利用已有的材料创造新的产品或体系,和/或发展材料加工新技术。
多数材料专业的本科毕业生被同时训练成材料科学家和材料工程师。
“structure”一词是个模糊的术语值得解释。
简单地说,材料的结构通常与其内在成分的排列有关。
原子内的结构包括介于单个原子间的电子和原子核的相互作用。
在原子水平上,结构包括原子或分子与其他相关的原子或分子的组织。
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材料化学专业外文翻译--合成β-mo2c薄膜(译文)-其他专业
中文4220字毕业论文外文资料翻译题目合成β-Mo2C薄膜出处:ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2011, 3(2): 517-521.合成β-Mo2C薄膜Colin A. Wolden*†, Anna Pickerell†,Trupti Gawai†, Sterling Parks†, JesseHensley‡, and J. Douglas Way†† Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden,Colorado 80401, United States‡ National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden,Colorado 80401, United StatesACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2011, 3 (2), pp 517–521DOI:Publication Date (Web): January 20, 2011Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society摘要使用两步合成工艺制备化学计量比的β-Mo2C薄膜。
MoF6在氢气,氧气的氛围下采用等离子体增强气象化学法首先生成密集氧化钼薄膜。
审查的沉积速率和质量方面的工作参数的依赖。
氧化膜厚度是100-500纳米,在H2和CH4气氛中,采用程序升温反应后生成钼硬质合金。
用X-射线衍射线测得,在20%的甲烷和氢气的混条件下,当加热到700°C的氧化钼将完全转变成β-Mo2C相。
渗碳后生成基本硅衬底的薄膜。
用X射线光电子能谱检测薄膜无杂质,Mo此时是一个单一的氧化状态。
用显微镜观察发现,沉积的氧化膜是没有什么特征的,而碳化物的薄膜是一个复杂的纳米结构。
材料成型及控制工程外文翻译文献
材料成型及控制工程外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)在模拟人体体液中磷酸钙涂层激光消融L. Cle`ries*, J.M. FernaHndez-Pradas, J.L. Morenza德国巴塞罗那大学,西班牙1999年七月二十八日-2000年2月文摘:三种类型的磷酸钙涂层基质,在钛合金激光烧蚀技术规定提存,沉浸在一个模拟的身体# uid为了确定条件下他们的行为类似于人的血浆。
羟基磷灰石涂层也也非晶态磷酸钙涂层和a-tricalcium磷酸盐做溶解阶段b-tricalcium磷酸盐的涂料有细微的一个阶段稍微瓦解。
一个apatitic阶段降水量偏爱在羟基磷灰石涂层的涂料磷酸b-tricalcium上有细微的一个阶段。
在钛合金基体上也有降水参考,但在大感应时代。
然而,在非晶态磷酸钙涂层不沉淀形成。
科学出版社有限公司(2000保留所有权利。
关键词:磷酸钙,脉冲激光沉积,SBF1 介绍激光消融技术用于沉积磷酸钙涂层金属基体上,将用作植体骨重建。
用这个技术,磷酸钙涂层量身定做阶段和结构也成功地研制生产了[1,2]和溶解特性鉴定海洋条件]。
然而,真正的身体条件# uid饱和对羟基磷灰石的阶段,这是钙离子的浓度高于均衡的这个阶段。
因而,这就很有趣也测试条件磷酸钙涂料接近体内的情况,以了解其完整性,在这些条件及其催化反应性质}表面沉淀过程。
因此,非晶态磷酸钙涂层(ACP),羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层,涂层中的一个阶段b-tricalcium磷酸盐较小(ba-TCP)积下激光烧蚀是沉浸在饱和溶液为迪!时间、不同的结构性演变进行了测定。
饱和溶液的使用的是身体uid(SBF模拟#),解决了其离子浓度、酸碱度几乎等于那些人类血浆[5]。
该解决方案也是一个利用在仿生(沉淀)工艺生产磷灰石层在溶胶凝胶活性钛基体。
2 实验模拟身体化学溶解试剂级严格依照以下的顺序,除氢钠,NaHCO3:)3,K2HPO4 H2O,MgCl2)6 H2O,氯化钙和Na2SO4)2 H2O,在去离子水。
介绍材料科学与工程的作文英语
介绍材料科学与工程的作文英语English Answer:Materials science and engineering (MSE) is a field of study that is concerned with the development, characterization, and application of materials. Materials scientists and engineers work to understand how the properties of materials are affected by their composition, structure, and processing. They also develop new materials with improved properties for use in a variety of applications.MSE is a multidisciplinary field that draws on principles from chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. Materials scientists and engineers use a variety of techniques to study the structure and properties of materials, including microscopy, spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. They also use computer simulations to model the behavior of materials and to design new materials with specific properties.MSE has a wide range of applications in a variety of industries, including aerospace, automotive, electronics, and healthcare. Materials scientists and engineers are responsible for developing new materials for use in everything from aircraft and cars to computers and medical devices.中文回答:材料科学与工程(MSE)是一门研究材料的开发、表征和应用的学科。
材料科学基础专有名词英文翻译
Fundamentals of Materials Science 材料科学基础名词与术语第一章绪论metal: 金属ceramic:陶瓷polymer:聚合物Composites:复合材料Semiconductors: 半导体Biomaterials: 生物材料Processing:加工过程Structure: 组织结构Properties:性质Performance:使用性能Mechanical properties: 力学性能Electrical properties:电性能Thermal behavior:热性能Magnetic properties:磁性能Optical properties:光性能Deteriorative characteristics:老化特性第二章原子结构与原子键Atomic mass unit (amu):原子质量单位Atomic number:原子数Atomic weight:原子量Bohr atomic model: 波尔原子模型Bonding energy: 键能Coulombic force: 库仑力Covalent bond:共价键Dipole (electric):偶极子electronic configuration:电子构型electron state:电位Electronegative: 负电的Electropositive:正电的Ground state:基态Hydrogen bond: 氢键Ionic bond: 离子键Isotope: 同位素Metallic bond:金属键Mole:摩尔Molecule:分子Pauli exclusion principle:泡利不相容原理Periodic table:元素周期表Polar molecule:极性分子Primary bonding: 强键Quantum mechanics:量子力学Quantum number:量子数Secondary bonding:弱键valence electron:价电子van der waals bond:范德华键Wave—mechanical model: 波粒二象性模型第三章金属与陶瓷的结构Allotropy:同素异形现象Amorphous:无定形Anion: 阴离子Anisotropy: 各向异性atomic packing factor(APF): 原子堆积因数body—centered cubic (BCC): 体心立方结构Bragg’s law:布拉格定律Cation:阳离子coordination number:配位数crystal structure:晶体结构crystal system:晶系crystalline: 晶体的diffraction: 衍射face—centered cubic (FCC):面心立方结构第五章晶体缺陷Alloy:合金A metallic substance that is composed of two or more elements。
材料专业翻译必备词汇
材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文1 合金alloy2 材料material3 复合材料properties4 制备preparation5 强度strength6 力学mechanical7 力学性能mechanical8 复合composite9 薄膜films10 基体matrix11 增强reinforced12 非晶amorphous13 基复合材料composites14 纤维fiber15 纳米nanometer16 金属metal17 合成synthesis18 界面interface19 颗粒particles20 法制备prepared21 尺寸size22 形状shape23 烧结sintering24 磁性magnetic25 断裂fracture26 聚合物polymer27 衍射diffraction28 记忆memory29 陶瓷ceramic30 磨损wear31 表征characterization32 拉伸tensile33 形状记忆memory34 摩擦friction35 碳纤维carbon36 粉末powder37 溶胶sol-gel 38 凝胶sol-gel39 应变strain40 性能研究properties41 晶粒grain42 粒径size43 硬度hardness44 粒子particles45 涂层coating46 氧化oxidation47 疲劳fatigue48 组织microstructure49 石墨graphite50 机械mechanical51 相变phase52 冲击impact53 形貌morphology54 有机organic55 损伤damage56 有限finite57 粉体powder58 无机inorganic59 电化学electrochemical60 梯度gradient61 多孔porous62 树脂resin63 扫描电镜sem64 晶化crystallization65 记忆合金memory66 玻璃glass67 退火annealing68 非晶态amorphous69 溶胶-凝胶sol-gel70 蒙脱土montmorillonite71 样品samples72 粒度size73 耐磨wear74 韧性toughness75 介电dielectric76 颗粒增强reinforced77 溅射sputtering78 环氧树脂epoxy79 纳米tio80 掺杂doped81 拉伸强度strength82 阻尼damping83 微观结构microstructure84 合金化alloying85 制备方法preparation86 沉积deposition87 透射电镜tem88 模量modulus89 水热hydrothermal90 磨损性wear91 凝固solidification92 贮氢hydrogen93 磨损性能wear94 球磨milling95 分数fraction96 剪切shear97 氧化物oxide98 直径diameter99 蠕变creep100 弹性模量modulus101 储氢hydrogen102 压电piezoelectric103 电阻resistivity104 纤维增强composites105 纳米复合材料p reparation106 制备出prepared107 磁性能magnetic108 导电conductive109 晶粒尺寸size110 弯曲bending111 光催化tio112 非晶合金amorphous113 铝基复合材料c omposites114 金刚石diamond115 沉淀precipitation116 分散dispersion 117 电阻率resistivity 118 显微组织microstructure 119 复合材料sic120 硬质合金cemented 121 摩擦系数friction122 吸波absorbing 123 杂化hybrid124 模板template125 催化剂catalyst126 塑性plastic127 晶体crystal128 颗粒sic129 功能材料materials130 铝合金alloy131 表面积surface132 填充filled133 电导率conductivity 134 控溅射sputtering135 金属基复合材料composites136 磁控溅射sputtering137 结晶crystallization 138 磁控magnetron 139 均匀uniform140 弯曲强度strength141 纳米碳carbon142 偶联coupling143 电化学性能electrochemical 144 及性能properties145 al复合材料composite146 高分子polymer147 本构constitutive 148 晶格lattice149 编织braided150 断裂韧性toughness151 尼龙nylon152 摩擦磨损性friction153 耐磨性wear154 摩擦学tribological 155 共晶eutectic156 聚丙烯polypropylene157 半导体semiconductor158 偶联剂coupling159 泡沫foam160 前驱precursor161 高温合金superalloy162 显微结构microstructure163 氧化铝alumina164扫描电子显微镜sem165 时效aging166 熔体melt167 凝胶法sol-gel168 橡胶rubber169 微结构microstructure170 铸造casting171 铝基aluminum172 抗拉强度strength173 导热thermal174透射电子显微镜tem175 插层intercalation176 冲击强度impact177 超导superconducting178 记忆效应memory179 固化curing180 晶须whisker181溶胶-凝胶法制sol-gel182 催化catalytic183 导电性conductivity184 环氧epoxy185 晶界grain186 前驱体precursor187 机械性能mechanical188 抗弯strength189 粘度viscosity190 热力学thermodynamic191 溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel制备192 块体bulk193 抗弯强度strength194 粘土clay195 微观组织microstructure196 孔径pore197 玻璃纤维glass198 压缩compression199 摩擦磨损wear200 马氏体martensitic201 制得prepared202 复合材料性能c omposites203 气氛atmosphere204 制备工艺preparation205 平均粒径size206 衬底substrate207 相组成phase208 表面处理surface209 杂化材料hybrid210 材料中materials211 断口fracture212 增强复合材料c omposites213 马氏体相变transformation214 球形spherical215 混杂hybrid216 聚氨酯polyurethane217 纳米材料nanometer218 位错dislocation219 纳米粒子particles220 表面形貌surface221 试样samples222 电学properties223 有序ordered224 电压voltage225 析出phase226 拉伸性tensile227 大块bulk228 立方cubic229 聚苯胺polyaniline230 抗氧化性oxidation 231 增韧toughening 232 物相phase233 表面改性modification 234 拉伸性能tensile235 相结构phase236 优异excellent 237 介电常数dielectric 238 铁电ferroelectric239 复合材料力学性能composites240 碳化硅sic241 共混blends 242 炭纤维carbon 243 复合材料层composite 244 挤压extrusion 245 表面活性剂surfactant 246 阵列arrays247 高分子材料polymer 248 应变率strain249 短纤维fiber250 摩擦学性能tribological 251 浸渗infiltration 252 阻尼性能damping 253 室温下room254 复合材料层合板composite255 剪切强度strength256 流变rheological 257 磨损率wear258 化学气相沉积d eposition 259 热膨胀thermal260 屏蔽shielding 261 发光luminescence 262 功能梯度functionally 263 层合板laminates 264 器件devices265 铁氧体ferrite266 刚度stiffness 267 介电性能dielectric 268 xrd分析xrd269 锐钛矿anatase270 炭黑carbon271 热应力thermal272 材料性能properties273 溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel274 单向unidirectional275 衍射仪xrd276 吸氢hydrogen277 水泥cement278 退火温度annealing279 粉末冶金powder280 溶胶凝胶sol-gel281 熔融melt282 钛酸titanate283 磁合金magnetic284 脆性brittle285 金属间化合物i ntermetallic286 非晶态合金amorphous287 超细ultrafine288 羟基磷灰石hydroxyapatite289 各向异性anisotropy290 镀层coating291 颗粒尺寸size292 拉曼raman293 新材料materials294 颗粒tic295 孔隙率porosity296 制备技术preparation297 屈服强度strength298 金红石rutile299采用溶胶-凝胶sol-gel300 电容量capacity301 热电thermoelectric302 抗菌antibacterial303 聚酰亚胺polyimide304 二氧化硅silica305 放电容量capacity306 层板laminates307 微球microspheres308 熔点melting309 屈曲buckling310 包覆coated311 致密化densification312 磁化强度magnetization313 疲劳寿命fatigue314 本构关系constitutive315 组织结构microstructure316 综合性能properties317 热塑性thermoplastic318 形核nucleation319 复合粒子composite320 材料制备preparation321 晶化过程crystallization322 层间interlaminar323 陶瓷基ceramic324 多晶polycrystalline325 纳米结构nanostructures326 纳米复合composite327 热导率conductivity328 空心hollow329 致密度density330 x射线衍射仪 xrd331 层状layered332 矫顽力coercivity333 纳米粉体powder334 界面结合interface335 超导体superconductor336 衍射分析diffraction337 纳米粉powders338 磨损机理wear339 泡沫铝aluminum340 进行表征characterized341 梯度功能gradient342 耐磨性能wear343 平均粒particle344 聚苯乙烯polystyrene345陶瓷基复合材料composites346 陶瓷材料ceramics 347 石墨化graphitization 348 摩擦材料friction349 熔化melting350 多层multilayer 351 及其性能properties 352 酚醛树脂resin353 电沉积electrodepositio n354 分散剂dispersant 355 相图phase356 复合材料界面i nterface 357 壳聚糖chitosan 358 抗氧化性能oxidation 359 钙钛矿perovskite 360 分层delamination 361 热循环thermal362 氢量hydrogen363 蒙脱石montmorillonit e364 接枝grafting365 导率conductivity 366 放氢hydrogen367 微粒particles368 伸长率elongation 369 延伸率elongation 370 烧结工艺sintering371 层合laminated 372 纳米级nanometer 373 莫来石mullite374 磁导率permeability 375 填料filler376 热电材料thermoelectric 377 射线衍射ray378 铸造法casting379 粒度分布size380 原子力afm381 共沉淀coprecipitation 382 水解hydrolysis 383 抗热thermal 384 高能球ball385 干摩擦friction386 聚合物基polymer387 疲劳裂纹fatigue388 分散性dispersion389 硅烷silane390 弛豫relaxation391 物理性能properties392 晶相phase393 饱和磁化强度m agnetization394 凝固过程solidification395 共聚物copolymer396 光致发光photoluminescence397 薄膜材料films398 导热系数conductivity399 居里curie400 第二相phase401 复合材料制备c omposites402 多孔材料porous403 水热法hydrothermal404 原子力显微镜a fm405 压电复合材料p iezoelectric406 尼龙6 nylon407 高能球磨milling408 显微硬度microhardness409 基片substrate410 纳米技术nanotechnology411 直径为diameter412 织构texture413 氮化nitride414 热性能properties415 磁致伸缩magnetostriction416 成核nucleation417 老化aging418 细化grain419 压电材料piezoelectric420 纳米晶amorphous421 si合金si422 复合镀层composite423 缠绕winding424 抗氧化oxidation425 表观apparent426 环氧复合材料e poxy427 甲基methyl428 聚乙烯polyethylene429 复合膜composite430 表面修饰surface431 大块非晶amorphous432 结构材料materials433 表面能surface434 材料表面surface435 疲劳性能fatigue436 粘弹性viscoelastic437 基体合金alloy438 单相phase439 梯度材料material440 六方hexagonal441 四方tetragonal442 蜂窝honeycomb443 阳极氧化anodic444 塑料plastics445 超塑性superplastic446 sem观察sem447 烧蚀ablation448 复合薄膜films449 树脂基resin450 高聚物polymer451 气相vapor452 电子能谱xps453 硅烷偶联coupling454 团聚particles455 基底substrate456 断口形貌fracture457 抗压强度strength458 储能storage459 松弛relaxation460 拉曼光谱raman461 孔率porosity 462 沸石zeolite463 熔炼melting464 磁体magnet465 sem分析sem466 润湿性wettability 467 电磁屏蔽shielding 468 升温heating469 致密dense470 沉淀法precipitation 471 差热分析dta472 成功制备prepared 473 复合体系composites 474 浸渍impregnation 475 力学行为behavior 476 复合粉体powders 477 沥青pitch478 磁电阻magnetoresista nce479 导电性能conductivity 480 光电子能谱xps481 材料力学mechanical 482 夹层sandwich 483 玻璃化glass484 衬底上substrates 485 原位复合材料c omposites 486 智能材料materials 487 碳化物carbide488 复相composite 489 氧化锆zirconia 490 基体材料matrix491 渗透infiltration 492 退火处理annealing 493 磨粒wear494 氧化行为oxidation 495 细小fine496 基合金alloy497 粒径分布size498 润滑lubrication 499 定向凝固solidification 500 晶格常数lattice501 晶粒度size502 颗粒表面surface503 吸收峰absorption504 磨损特性wear505 水热合成hydrothermal506 薄膜表面films507 性质研究properties508 试件specimen509 结晶度crystallinity510 聚四氟乙烯ptfe511 硅烷偶联剂silane512 碳化carbide513 试验机tester514 结合强度bonding515 薄膜结构films516 晶型crystal517 介电损耗dielectric518 复合涂层coating519 压电陶瓷piezoelectric520 磨损量wear521 组织与性能microstructure522 合成法synthesis523 烧结过程sintering524 金属材料materials525 引发剂initiator526 有机蒙脱土montmorillonite527 水热法制hydrothermal528 再结晶recrystallization529 沉积速率deposition530 非晶相amorphous531 尖端tip532 淬火quenching533 亚稳metastable534 穆斯mossbauer535 穆斯堡尔mossbauer536 偏析segregation537 种材料materials538 先驱precursor539 物性properties540 石墨化度graphitization541 中空hollow542 弥散particles543 淀粉starch544 水热法制备hydrothermal545 涂料coating546 复合粉末powder547 晶粒长大grain548 sem等sem549 复合材料组织m icrostructure550 界面结构interface551 煅烧calcined552 共混物blends553 结晶行为crystallization554 混杂复合材料h ybrid555 laves相laves556 摩擦因数friction557 钛基titanium558 磁性材料magnetic559 制备纳米nanometer560 界面上interface561 晶粒大小size562 阻尼材料damping563 热分析thermal564 复合材料层板l aminates565 二氧化钛titanium566 沉积法deposition567 光催化剂tio568 余辉afterglow569 断裂行为fracture570 颗粒大小size571 合金组织alloy572 非晶形成amorphous573 杨氏模量modulus574 前驱物precursor575 过冷alloy576 尖晶石spinel577 化学镀electroless578 溶胶凝胶法制备sol-gel579 本构方程constitutive 580 磁学magnetic581 气氛下atmosphere 582 钛合金titanium583 微粉powder584 压电性piezoelectric 585 sic晶须sic586 应力应变strain587 石英quartz588 热电性thermoelectric 589 相转变phase590 合成方法synthesis591 热学thermal592 气孔率porosity593 永磁magnetic594 流变性能rheological 595 压痕indentation 596 热压烧结sintering597 正硅酸乙酯teos598 点阵lattice599 梯度功能材料f gm600 带材tapes601 磨粒磨损wear602 碳含量carbon603 仿生biomimetic 604 快速凝固solidification 605 预制preform606 差示dsc607 发泡foaming608 疲劳损伤fatigue609 尺度size610 镍基高温合金s uperalloy611 透过率transmittance 612 溅射法制sputtering613 结构表征characterization 614 差示扫描dsc615 通过sem sem 616 水泥基cement617 木材wood618 tem分析tem619 量热calorimetry620 复合物composites621 铁电薄膜ferroelectric622 共混体系blends623 先驱体precursor624 晶态crystalline625 冲击性能impact626 离心centrifugal627 断裂伸长率elongation628 有机-无机organic-inorganic629 块状bulk630 相沉淀precipitation631 织物fabric632 因数coefficient633 合成与表征synthesis634 缺口notch635 靶材target636 弹性体elastomer637 金属氧化物oxide638 均匀化homogenization639 吸收光谱absorption640 磨损行为wear641 高岭土kaolin642 功能梯度材料f gm643 滞后hysteresis644 气凝胶aerogel645 记忆性memory646 磁流体magnetic647 铁磁ferromagnetic648 合金成分alloy649 微米micron650 蠕变性能creep651 聚氯乙烯pvc652 湮没annihilation653 断裂力学fracture654 滑移slip655 差示扫描量热d sc656 等温结晶crystallization657树脂基复合材料composite658 阳极anodic659 退火后annealing660 发光性properties661 木粉wood662 交联crosslinking663 过渡金属transition664 无定形amorphous665 拉伸试验tensile666 溅射法sputtering667 硅橡胶rubber668 明胶gelatin669 生物相容性biocompatibility670 界面处interface671 陶瓷复合材料c omposite672 共沉淀法制coprecipitation673 本构模型constitutive674 合金材料alloy675 磁矩magnetic676 隐身stealth677 比强度strength678 改性研究modification679 采用粉末powder680 晶粒细化grain681 抗磨wear682 元合金alloy683 剪切变形shear684 高温超导superconducting685 金红石型rutile686 晶化行为crystallization687 催化性能catalytic688 热挤压extrusion689 微观microstructure690 tem观察tem691 缺口冲击impact692 生物材料biomaterials 693 涂覆coating 694 纳米氧化nanometer695 x射线光电子能谱xps696 硅灰石wollastonite 697 摩擦条件friction698 衍射峰diffraction 699 块体材料bulk700 溶质solute701 冲击韧性impact702 锐钛矿型anatase703 凝固组织microstructure 704 磨损试验机tester705 丙烯酸甲酯pmma706 raman光谱raman707 减振damping708 聚酯polyester709 体材料materials710 航空aerospace 711 光吸收absorption 712 韧化toughening 713 疲劳裂纹扩展f atigue714 超塑superplastic 715 凝胶法制备gel716 半导体材料semiconductor 717 剪应力shear718 发光材料luminescence 719 凝胶法制gel720 甲基丙烯酸甲酯pmma721 硬质hard722 摩擦性能friction723 电致变色electrochromic 724 超细粉powder725 增强相reinforced 726 薄带ribbons727 结构弛豫relaxation 728 光学材料materials 729 sic陶瓷sic730 纤维含量fiber731 高阻尼damping732 镍基nickel733 热导thermal734 奥氏体austenite735 单轴uniaxial736 超导电性superconductivity737 高温氧化oxidation738 树脂基体matrix739 含能energetic740 粘着adhesion741 穆斯堡尔谱mossbauer 742 脱层delamination 743 反射率reflectivity 744 单晶高温合金s uperalloy 745 粘结bonded746 快淬quenching 747 熔融插层intercalation 748 外加applied749 钙钛矿结构perovskite 750 减摩friction751 复合氧化物oxide752 苯乙烯styrene753 合金表面alloy754 爆轰detonation 755 长余辉afterglow756 断裂过程fracture757 纺织textile材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials,电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,热导率thermal conductivity,应力和应变stress and strain,弹性应变elastic strain,塑性应变plastic strain,屈服强度yield strength,最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength,最大强度ultimate strength,延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reduction of area,颈缩necking,断裂强度breaking strength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatigue strength,蜂窝honeycomb,热脆性heat shortness,晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell,点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point,点阵参数lattice parameter,密排六方hexagonal close-packed, 六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,体心立方body-centered cubic,面心立方face-centered cubic,弥勒指数Miller indices, 晶面crystal plane,晶系crystal system,晶向crystal direction,相变机理Phase transformationmechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growthtransition,斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition,马氏体相变martensite phasetransformation,成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation mechanism,成核势垒nucleation barrier,晶核,结晶中心nucleus of crystal,金属组织的)基体quay,基体,基块,基质,结合剂matrix,子晶,雏晶matted crystal,耔晶,晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生长seeded growth,均质核化homogeneous nucleation,异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,均匀化热处理homogenization heattreatment,熟料grog,自恰场self-consistent field固溶体Solid solution:有序固溶体ordered solid solution,无序固溶体disordered solidsolution,有序合金ordered alloy,无序合金disordered alloy.无序点阵disordered lattice,分散,扩散,弥散dispersal,分散剂dispersant,分散剂,添加剂dispersant additive,分散剂,弥散剂dispersant agent缺陷defect, imperfection,点缺陷point defect,线缺陷line defect, dislocation,面缺陷interface defect, surfacedefect,体缺陷volume defect,位错排列dislocation arrangement,位错阵列dislocation array,位错气团dislocation atmosphere,位错轴dislocation axis,位错胞dislocation cell,位错爬移dislocation climb,位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocationmovement by slip,位错聚结dislocation coalescence,位错核心能量dislocation coreenergy,位错裂纹dislocation crack,位错阻尼dislocation damping,位错密度dislocation density,体积膨胀volume dilation,体积收缩volume shrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的,软化的softened,软化退火,软化(处理)softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenching hardening,正火normalizing, normalization,退火织构annealing texture,人工时效artificial aging,细长比aspect ratio,形变热处理ausforming,等温退火austempering,奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite,马氏体martensite,马氏体淬火marquench,马氏体退火martemper,马氏体时效钢maraging steel,渗碳体cementite,固溶强化solid solutionstrengthening,钢屑混凝土steel chips concrete,水玻璃,硅酸钠sodium silicate,水玻璃粘结剂sodium silicate binder,硅酸钠类防水剂sodium silicatewaterproofing agent,扩散diffusion,扩散系数diffusivity,相变phase transition,烧结sintering,固相反应solid-phase reaction,相图与相结构phase diagrams and phase structures ,相phase,组分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phase equilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule,吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy,吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing,吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy,吉布斯函数Gibbs function,相平衡phase balance,相界phase boundary,相界线phase boundary line,相界交联phase boundary crosslinking,相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking,相界反应phase boundary reaction, 相变phase change,相组成phase composition,共格相phase-coherent,金相相组织phase constentuent,相衬phase contrast,相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope,相衬显微术phase contrast microscopy,相分布phase distribution,相平衡常数phase equilibrium constant,相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram, 相变滞后phase transition lag, Al-Si-O-N系统相关系phase relationships in the Al-Si-O-N system,相分离phase segregation, phase separation,玻璃分相phase separation in glasses, 相序phase order, phase sequence,相稳定性phase stability,相态phase state,相稳定区phase stabile range,相变温度phase transition temperature,相变压力phase transition pressure, 同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation,相平衡条件phase equilibrium conditions,显微结构microstructures,不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution,转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution,低共熔体eutectoid,crystallization, 不混溶性immiscibility,固态反应solid state reaction,。
材料科学专业毕业设计外文文献及翻译
材料科学专业毕业设计外文文献及翻译文献摘要为了适应不断发展的材料科学领域,毕业设计需要参考一些权威的外文文献。
在这里,我们提供了一些与材料科学专业相关的外文文献,并附带简要翻译。
---文献1: "石墨烯在材料科学中的应用"作者: John Smith, Mary Johnson: John Smith, Mary Johnson摘要::本文综述了石墨烯在材料科学中的应用。
石墨烯是一种单层碳原子结构,具有独特的物理和化学性质。
我们讨论了石墨烯的制备方法、其在电子学、能源存储和生物医学领域中的应用。
石墨烯在材料科学中具有巨大的潜力,可以为未来的材料研究和应用开辟新的道路。
---文献2: "纳米材料的合成与性能研究"作者: David Brown, Emma Lee: David Brown, Emma Lee摘要::本文讨论了纳米材料的合成方法及其性能研究。
纳米材料是具有纳米尺度结构的材料,具有与宏观材料不同的性质。
我们介绍了几种常见的纳米材料合成方法,例如溶液法和气相法,并讨论了纳米材料的晶体结构、表面性质和力学性能。
研究纳米材料的性能对材料科学的发展和应用具有重要意义。
---文献3: "高温合金的热稳定性研究"作者: Jennifer Zhang, Michael Wang: Jennifer Zhang, Michael Wang摘要::本文研究了高温合金的热稳定性。
高温合金是一种用于高温环境的特殊材料,具有优异的耐热性能。
我们通过实验研究了高温合金的热膨胀性、热导率和高温力学性能。
通过了解高温合金的热稳定性,我们可以提高材料的耐高温性能,从而推动高温环境下的应用和工程技术发展。
---以上是几篇关于材料科学的外文文献摘要及简要翻译,希望对毕业设计的参考有所助益。
材料学专业英语分析
加工方法Manufacturing Method 拉力强度Tensile Strength 机械性能Mechanical Properites 低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal 镀镍Nickel Plated 镀黄铜Brass Plated 马氏铁体淬火Marquenching 退火Annealing 淬火Quenching高温回火High Temperature Tempering 应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature 晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material表面处理Surface Finish硬度Hardness 电镀方法Plating type 锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment拉伸应变Stretcher Strains焊接Welding 防止生锈Rust Protection 硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test 连续铸造法Continuous casting process珠光体Pearlite 单相金属Single Phase Metal Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic疲劳测试Impact Test热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion比重Specific gravity化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties 再结晶Recrystallization硬化Work Hardening包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy 共晶Eutectic临界温度Critical temperature 自由度Degree of freedom相律Phase Rule金属间化物Intermetallic compound 固熔体Solid solution 置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution 米勒指数Mill's Index晶体结构Crystal structure金属与合金Metal and Alloy金属特性Special metallic featuresStrength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability强度Strengthen 无机非金属inorganic nonmetallic materials 燃料电池fuel cell新能源new energy resources材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文1 合金alloy2 材料material3 复合材料properties4 制备preparation5 强度strength6 力学mechanical7 力学性能mechanical8 复合composite9 薄膜films10 基体matrix11 增强reinforced12 非晶amorphous 13 基复合材料composites14 纤维fiber15 纳米nanometer16 金属metal17 合成synthesis18 界面interface19 颗粒particles20 法制备prepared21 尺寸size22 形状shape23 烧结sintering24 磁性magnetic25 断裂fracture26 聚合物polymer27 衍射diffraction28 记忆memory29 陶瓷ceramic30 磨损wear31 表征characterization32 拉伸tensile33 形状记忆memory34 摩擦friction35 碳纤维carbon36 粉末powder37 溶胶sol-gel38 凝胶sol-gel39 应变strain40 性能研究properties41 晶粒grain42 粒径size43 硬度hardness44 粒子particles45 涂层coating46 氧化oxidation47 疲劳fatigue48 组织microstructure49 石墨graphite50 机械mechanical51 相变phase52 冲击impact53 形貌morphology 54 有机organic55 损伤damage56 有限finite57 粉体powder58 无机inorganic59 电化学electrochemica l60 梯度gradient61 多孔porous62 树脂resin63 扫描电镜sem64 晶化crystallization 65 记忆合金memory66 玻璃glass67 退火annealing68 非晶态amorphous69 溶胶-凝胶sol-gel70 蒙脱土montmorillonit e71 样品samples 72 粒度size73 耐磨wear74 韧性toughness75 介电dielectric76 颗粒增强reinforced77 溅射sputtering78 环氧树脂epoxy79 纳米tio tio80 掺杂doped81 拉伸强度strength82 阻尼damping83 微观结构microstructure84 合金化alloying85 制备方法preparation86 沉积deposition87 透射电镜tem88 模量modulus89 水热hydrothermal90 磨损性wear91 凝固solidification92 贮氢hydrogen93 磨损性能wear94 球磨milling95 分数fraction96 剪切shear97 氧化物oxide98 直径diameter99 蠕变creep100弹性模量modulus留纞銅雀樓12:53:02101储氢hydrogen102压电piezoelectric103电阻resistivity104纤维增强composites105纳米复合材料preparation106制备出prepared107磁性能magnetic108导电conductive109晶粒尺寸size110弯曲bending111光催化tio112非晶合金amorphous113铝基复合材料composites114金刚石diamond115沉淀precipitation116分散dispersion117电阻率resistivity118显微组织microstructure119sic复合材料sic120硬质合金cemented121摩擦系数friction122吸波absorbing123杂化hybrid124模板template125催化剂catalyst126塑性plastic127晶体crystal128sic颗粒sic129功能材料materials130铝合金alloy131表面积surface132填充filled133电导率conductivity134控溅射sputtering135金属基复合材料composites136磁控溅射sputtering137结晶crystallization138磁控magnetron139均匀uniform140弯曲强度strength141纳米碳carbon142偶联coupling143电化学性能electrochemica l144及性能properties145al复合材料composite146高分子polymer147本构constitutive 148晶格lattice 149编织braided150断裂韧性toughness151尼龙nylon 152摩擦磨损性friction153耐磨性wear154摩擦学tribological 155共晶eutectic156聚丙烯polypropylene 157半导体semiconductor 158偶联剂coupling159泡沫foam 160前驱precursor161高温合金superalloy162显微结构microstructure 163氧化铝alumina164扫描电子显微镜sem165时效aging166熔体melt167凝胶法sol-gel168橡胶rubber169微结构microstructure170铸造casting171铝基aluminum172抗拉强度strength173导热thermal174透射电子显微镜tem175插层intercalation176冲击强度impact177超导superconducting178记忆效应memory179固化curing180晶须whisker181溶胶-凝胶法制sol-gel182催化catalytic183导电性conductivity184环氧epoxy185晶界grain186前驱体precursor187机械性能mechanical188抗弯strength189粘度viscosity190热力学thermodynamic191溶胶-凝胶法制备sol-gel192块体bulk193抗弯强度strength194粘土clay195微观组织microstructure196孔径pore197玻璃纤维glass198压缩compression199摩擦磨损wear200马氏体martensitic留纞銅雀樓12:53:57201制得prepared202复合材料性能composites203气氛atmosphere204制备工艺preparation205平均粒径size206衬底substrate207相组成phase208表面处理surface209杂化材料hybrid210材料中materials211断口fracture212增强复合材料composites213马氏体相变transformation214球形spherical215混杂hybrid216聚氨酯polyurethane217纳米材料nanometer218位错dislocation219纳米粒子particles220表面形貌surface221试样samples222电学properties223有序ordered224电压voltage225析出phase226拉伸性tensile227大块bulk228立方cubic229聚苯胺polyaniline230抗氧化性oxidation231增韧toughening232物相phase 233表面改性modification 234拉伸性能tensile235相结构phase236优异excellent237介电常数dielectric238铁电ferroelectric 239复合材料力学性能composites 240碳化硅sic 241共混blends242炭纤维carbon243复合材料层composite244挤压extrusion245表面活性剂surfactant246阵列arrays 247高分子材料polymer248应变率strain249短纤维fiber250摩擦学性能tribological 251浸渗infiltration252阻尼性能damping253室温下room254复合材料层合板composite255剪切强度strength256流变rheological257磨损率wear258化学气相沉积deposition259热膨胀thermal260屏蔽shielding261发光luminescence262功能梯度functionally263层合板laminates264器件devices265铁氧体ferrite266刚度stiffness267介电性能dielectric268xrd分析xrd269锐钛矿anatase270炭黑carbon271热应力thermal272材料性能properties273溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel274单向unidirectional275衍射仪xrd276吸氢hydrogen277水泥cement278退火温度annealing279粉末冶金powder280溶胶凝胶sol-gel281熔融melt282钛酸titanate283磁合金magnetic284脆性brittle285金属间化合物intermetallic286非晶态合金amorphous287超细ultrafine288羟基磷灰石hydroxyapatite289各向异性anisotropy290镀层coating291颗粒尺寸size292拉曼raman293新材料materials294tic颗粒tic295孔隙率porosity296制备技术preparation297屈服强度strength298金红石rutile299采用溶胶-凝胶sol-gel300电容量capacity301热电thermoelectric302抗菌antibacterial303聚酰亚胺polyimide304二氧化硅silica305放电容量capacity306层板laminates307微球microspheres308熔点melting309屈曲buckling310包覆coated311致密化densification312磁化强度magnetization313疲劳寿命fatigue314本构关系constitutive315组织结构microstructure316综合性能properties317热塑性thermoplastic318形核nucleation319复合粒子composite320材料制备preparation321晶化过程crystallization322层间interlaminar 323陶瓷基ceramic324多晶polycrystalline 325纳米结构nanostructures 326纳米复合composite327热导率conductivity 328空心hollow329致密度density330x射线衍射仪xrd331层状layered332矫顽力coercivity333纳米粉体powder334界面结合interface335超导体superconducto r336衍射分析diffraction337纳米粉powders338磨损机理wear339泡沫铝aluminum340进行表征characterized 341梯度功能gradient342耐磨性能wear343平均粒particle 344聚苯乙烯polystyrene345陶瓷基复合材料composites346陶瓷材料ceramics347石墨化graphitization348摩擦材料friction349熔化melting350多层multilayer留纞銅雀樓12:55:33351及其性能properties352酚醛树脂resin353电沉积electrodeposition354分散剂dispersant355相图phase356复合材料界面interface357壳聚糖chitosan358抗氧化性能oxidation359钙钛矿perovskite360分层delamination361热循环thermal362氢量hydrogen363蒙脱石montmorillonite364接枝grafting365导率conductivity366放氢hydrogen367微粒particles368伸长率elongation369延伸率elongation370烧结工艺sintering371层合laminated372纳米级nanometer373莫来石mullite374磁导率permeability375填料filler376热电材料thermoelectric377射线衍射ray378铸造法casting379粒度分布size380原子力afm381共沉淀coprecipitation382水解hydrolysis383抗热thermal384高能球ball385干摩擦friction386聚合物基polymer387疲劳裂纹fatigue388分散性dispersion389硅烷silane390弛豫relaxation391物理性能properties392晶相phase393饱和磁化强度magnetization394凝固过程solidification395共聚物copolymer396光致发光photoluminescence397薄膜材料films398导热系数conductivity399居里curie400第二相phase401复合材料制备composites402多孔材料porous403水热法hydrothermal404原子力显微镜afm405压电复合材料piezoelectric406尼龙6nylon407高能球磨milling408显微硬度microhardness409基片substrate410纳米技术nanotechnolog y411直径为diameter412织构texture413氮化nitride414热性能properties415磁致伸缩magnetostricti on416成核nucleation417老化aging 418细化grain 419压电材料piezoelectric 420纳米晶amorphous 421si合金si 422复合镀层composite423缠绕winding424抗氧化oxidation425表观apparent426环氧复合材料epoxy427甲基methyl428聚乙烯polyethylene 429复合膜composite430表面修饰surface431大块非晶amorphous432结构材料materials433表面能surface434材料表面surface435疲劳性能fatigue436粘弹性viscoelastic437基体合金alloy438单相phase439梯度材料material440六方hexagonal441四方tetragonal442蜂窝honeycomb443阳极氧化anodic444塑料plastics445超塑性superplastic446sem观察sem447烧蚀ablation448复合薄膜films449树脂基resin450高聚物polymer451气相vapor452电子能谱xps453硅烷偶联coupling454团聚particles455基底substrate456断口形貌fracture457抗压强度strength458储能storage459松弛relaxation460拉曼光谱raman461孔率porosity462沸石zeolite463熔炼melting464磁体magnet465sem分析sem466润湿性wettability467电磁屏蔽shielding468升温heating469致密dense470沉淀法precipitation471差热分析dta472成功制备prepared473复合体系composites474浸渍impregnation475力学行为behavior476复合粉体powders477沥青pitch478磁电阻magnetoresistance479导电性能conductivity480光电子能谱xps481材料力学mechanical482夹层sandwich483玻璃化glass484衬底上substrates485原位复合材料composites486智能材料materials487碳化物carbide488复相composite489氧化锆zirconia490基体材料matrix491渗透infiltration492退火处理annealing493磨粒wear494氧化行为oxidation495细小fine496基合金alloy497粒径分布size498润滑lubrication499定向凝固solidification500晶格常数lattice留纞銅雀樓12:56:20501晶粒度size 502颗粒表面surface503吸收峰absorption504磨损特性wear505水热合成hydrothermal 506薄膜表面films507性质研究properties508试件specimen509结晶度crystallinity 510聚四氟乙烯ptfe511硅烷偶联剂silane512碳化carbide513试验机tester514结合强度bonding515薄膜结构films516晶型crystal517介电损耗dielectric518复合涂层coating519压电陶瓷piezoelectric 520磨损量wear 521组织与性能microstructure522合成法synthesis523烧结过程sintering524金属材料materials525引发剂initiator526有机蒙脱土montmorillonite527水热法制hydrothermal528再结晶recrystallization529沉积速率deposition530非晶相amorphous531尖端tip532淬火quenching533亚稳metastable534穆斯mossbauer535穆斯堡尔mossbauer536偏析segregation537种材料materials538先驱precursor539物性properties540石墨化度graphitization541中空hollow542弥散particles543淀粉starch544水热法制备hydrothermal545涂料coating546复合粉末powder547晶粒长大grain548sem等sem549复合材料组织microstructure550界面结构interface551煅烧calcined552共混物blends553结晶行为crystallization554混杂复合材料hybrid555laves相laves556摩擦因数friction557钛基titanium558磁性材料magnetic559制备纳米nanometer560界面上interface561晶粒大小size562阻尼材料damping563热分析thermal564复合材料层板laminates565二氧化钛titanium566沉积法deposition567光催化剂tio568余辉afterglow569断裂行为fracture570颗粒大小size571合金组织alloy572非晶形成amorphous573杨氏模量modulus574前驱物precursor575过冷alloy576尖晶石spinel577化学镀electroless578溶胶凝胶法制备sol-gel579本构方程constitutive580磁学magnetic581气氛下atmosphere582钛合金titanium583微粉powder584压电性piezoelectric585晶须sic586应力应变strain587石英quartz588热电性thermoelectric 589相转变phase590合成方法synthesis591热学thermal592气孔率porosity593永磁magnetic594流变性能rheological 595压痕indentation 596热压烧结sintering597正硅酸乙酯teos598点阵lattice 599梯度功能材料fgm600带材tapes 601磨粒磨损wear602碳含量carbon603仿生biomimetic 604快速凝固solidification 605预制preform606差示dsc 607发泡foaming608疲劳损伤fatigue609尺度size 610镍基高温合金superalloy 611透过率transmittance 612溅射法制sputtering613结构表征characterization614差示扫描dsc615通过semsem616水泥基cement617木材wood618分析tem619量热calorimetry620复合物composites621铁电薄膜ferroelectric622共混体系blends623先驱体precursor624晶态crystalline625冲击性能impact626离心centrifugal627断裂伸长率elongation628有机-无机organic-inorganic629块状bulk630相沉淀precipitation631织物fabric632因数coefficient633合成与表征synthesis634缺口notch635靶材target636弹性体elastomer637金属氧化物oxide638均匀化homogenization639吸收光谱absorption640磨损行为wear641高岭土kaolin642功能梯度材料fgm643滞后hysteresis644气凝胶aerogel645记忆性memory646磁流体magnetic647铁磁ferromagnetic648合金成分alloy649微米micron650蠕变性能creep留纞銅雀樓12:56:46651聚氯乙烯pvc652湮没annihilation653断裂力学fracture654滑移slip655差示扫描量热dsc656等温结晶crystallization657树脂基复合材料composite658阳极anodic659退火后annealing660发光性properties661木粉wood662交联crosslinking663过渡金属transition664无定形amorphous665拉伸试验tensile666溅射法sputtering667硅橡胶rubber668明胶gelatin669生物相容性biocompatibility670界面处interface671陶瓷复合材料composite672共沉淀法制coprecipitation673本构模型constitutive674合金材料alloy675磁矩magnetic676隐身stealth677比强度strength678改性研究modification 679采用粉末powder680晶粒细化grain681抗磨wear 682元合金alloy683剪切变形shear684高温超导superconducti ng685金红石型rutile686晶化行为crystallization 687催化性能catalytic688热挤压extrusion689微观microstructure 690tem观察tem691缺口冲击impact692生物材料biomaterials 693涂覆coating694纳米氧化nanometer 695x射线光电子能谱xps 696硅灰石wollastonite 697摩擦条件friction698衍射峰diffraction699块体材料bulk700溶质solute701冲击韧性impact702锐钛矿型anatase703凝固组织microstructure704磨损试验机tester705丙烯酸甲酯pmma706光谱raman707减振damping708聚酯polyester709体材料materials710航空aerospace711光吸收absorption712韧化toughening713疲劳裂纹扩展fatigue714超塑superplastic715凝胶法制备gel716半导体材料semiconductor717剪应力shear718发光材料luminescence719凝胶法制gel720甲基丙烯酸甲酯pmma721硬质hard722摩擦性能friction723电致变色electrochromic724超细粉powder725增强相reinforced726薄带ribbons727结构弛豫relaxation728光学材料materials729sic陶瓷sic730纤维含量fiber731高阻尼damping732镍基nickel733热导thermal734奥氏体austenite735单轴uniaxial736超导电性superconductivity737高温氧化oxidation738树脂基体matrix739含能energetic740粘着adhesion741穆斯堡尔谱mossbauer742脱层delamination743反射率reflectivity744单晶高温合金superalloy745粘结bonded746快淬quenching747熔融插层intercalation748外加applied749钙钛矿结构perovskite750减摩friction751复合氧化物oxide古今名言敏而好学,不耻下问——孔子业精于勤,荒于嬉;行成于思,毁于随——韩愈兴于《诗》,立于礼,成于乐——孔子己所不欲,勿施于人——孔子读书破万卷,下笔如有神——杜甫读书有三到,谓心到,眼到,口到——朱熹立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本——欧阳修读万卷书,行万里路——刘彝黑发不知勤学早,白首方悔读书迟——颜真卿书卷多情似故人,晨昏忧乐每相亲——于谦书犹药也,善读之可以医愚——刘向莫等闲,白了少年头,空悲切——岳飞发奋识遍天下字,立志读尽人间书——苏轼鸟欲高飞先振翅,人求上进先读书——李苦禅立志宜思真品格,读书须尽苦功夫——阮元非淡泊无以明志,非宁静无以致远——诸葛亮熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟——孙洙《唐诗三百首序》书到用时方恨少,事非经过不知难——陆游问渠那得清如许,为有源头活水来——朱熹旧书不厌百回读,熟读精思子自知——苏轼书痴者文必工,艺痴者技必良——蒲松龄声明访问者可将本资料提供的内容用于个人学习、研究或欣赏,以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途,但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律的规定,不得侵犯本文档及相关权利人的合法权利。
东华大学 材料学 专业英语翻译 高分子方向
Graft copolymerization is an efficient method to modify polymers .Various vinyl monomers have been investigated to graft onto starch ,and the starch graft copolymers have been used as flocculating agents , superabsorbents,ion exchanges and matrix or filler of thermo plastics. In this paper,mo dified starch paste by grafting with butylacrylate(BA) is firstly investigated as rubber-reinforcing filler. Three types of natural rubber(NR)/starch composites are prepared . Properties and morphology of these composites and corresponding starch powders are examined .The observed reinforcement effect of modified starch powder on NR/starch composites is interpreted.NO20this exploratory investigation examined the structural mechanism accounting for the enhanced compressive properties of heat-treated Kevlar-29 fibers . A novel theory was set forth that hydrogen-bond disruption and concurrent misorientation of crystallites may account for the observed augmentation of compressive properties. To examine the said theory ,as-received Kevlar-29 fibers were characterized by themogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry in an effort to determine if crosslinking and/or hydrogen disruption was responsible for the improved behavior in compression.NO21to prevent the loss of fiber strength , ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were treated with an ultraviolet radiation technique combined with a corana-discharge treatment .the physical and chemical changes in the fiber surface were examined with scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance .the gel contents of the fibers were measured by a standard device .the mechanical properties of the treated fibers and the interfacial adhesion properties of UHMWPE-fiber-reinforced vinyl ester resin composites were investigated with tensile testing .NO22bicomponent fiber were wet-spun from soybean protein and poly(vinyl alcohol). the protein core of spun bicomponent fiber was brittle .our effort was then to study the soybean protein solution ,with the aim of trying to understand the cause for fiber brittleness and to determine the optimum solution conditions for fiber spinning . the effectsof alkali ,urea ,and sodium sulfite on the viscosity of the soybean protein solution were examined. the hydrolytic stability of the soybean protein solution was examined at various pH values at two temperatures .NO13a novel natural polymer blend ,namely ,a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN)composed of crosslinked chitosan with glutaraldehyde and silk fibroin was prepared .the FTIR spectra of the semi-IPN manifested that the chitosan and silk fibroin had a strong hydrogen-bond interaction and formed an interpolymer complex . the semi-IPN showed good pH sensitivity and ion sensitivity, and could also act as an "artificial muscle" because its swelling-shrinking behavior exhibited a fine reversibility.a number of papers have been published on the structure of PAN using X-ray diffraction ,infrared spectroscopy ,nuclear resonance ,and molecular simulations .based on the scattering pattern ,PAN is considered either orthorhombic with 3D,or hexagonal with 2D order . it has been proposed that hexagonal packing ,of PAN chains in dry samples becomes orthorhombic due to co-crystallization of PAN with polar solvent molecules .in this study ,we use in still XRD measurements, and draw upon these earlier publication ,to understand the deformation process on microscopic scale in PAN and its nanocompositeNO15new organic-inorganic hybrids based on PS/TiO2 hybrid membranes were prepared by sol-gel and phase inversion process. the membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, structure ,hydrophlicity, UF ,performance and thermal stability .the results showed that macrovoids were nearly suppressed with formation of sponge like membrane structure .the TiO2 particles were uniformly dispersed in membrane . the nanodispersed morganic network formed after sol-gel process and the strong interaction between inorganic network and polymeric chains led to the improvement of porosity and thermal stability.NO16polymers carrying a hydrolyzable ester function and bactericidal quaternary ammonium salts were successfully synthesized in two steps . the first one was the modification of hydroxyl functions of poly(vinyl alcohol) by chloroacetic anhydride . the structure of synthesized polymers was confirmed by infrared ,1H-,and 13C- nuclear magnetic resonance .the kinetic results were consistent with a 1-order reaction ,and the activation energy in the case of total modification was found to be 16.8(J/Mol) . the second step was the quaternization of the pendant chlorine atom with a long alkyl chain or aromatic tertiary amines.NO17blending homopolymers with block copolymers has been proved to be another interesting approach to modify the morphology of the block copolymer self-assembly. by blending homopolymer of identical chemical structure with one block in the copolymer , the dimension of the domains in the final phase separation has been adjusted , by changing either the volume fraction or the molecular weight of the homopolymer .at low volume fraction of the block copolymers , the structure formation is analogous to micelle formation of surfactant molecules in solutions, and the interfacial tension between the copolymer and the homopolymer is a critical factor.NO18differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical zhermal analysis techniques have been used to characterize different Kevlar/epoxy composites. tetra-functional aliphatic amine and anhydride/diglycidyl epoxy have been used as matrix and different quantities of continuous Kevlar fibers as reinforcement .Kevlar fibers had different effects on curing kinetics and final thermal properties depending on epoxy matrix type . a significant decrease in the glass transition temperature(Tg)was observed as Kevlar content increased when anhydride matrix was used .NO10the electrostatic spinning technique was used to produce ultrafine polyamide-6 fibers. the effects of solution conditions on the morphological appearance and the average diameter of as-spun fibers were investigated by optical scanning and scanning electron ,microscopy techniques . it was shown that the solution properties (i.e. viscosity , surface tension and conductivity) were important factors characterizing the morphology of the fibers obtained .among these three properties ,solution viscosity was found to have the greatest effect . solutions with high enough viscosities were necessary to produce fibers without beads.NO11ternary blend fibers (TBFs) ,based on melt blends of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) , poly(ethylene terephthalate ), and a thermotropic liquid-crystal polymer (TLCP), were prepared by a process of melt blending and spinning to achieve high performance fibers . the reinforcement effect of the polymer matrix by the TLCP component the fibrillar structure with TLCP fibrils of high aspect ratios and the development of more ordered and perfect crystalline structures by an annealing process resulted in the improvement of the tensile strength and modulus for the TBFs .NO12an amphiphilic AB block copolymer composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as a hydrophilic segment and poly (10-undecenoic acid) as a hydrophobic segment was synthesized . the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymer was 30.8 ..,as determined by the turbidity method . the block copolymer forms micells in an aqueous medium. transmission electron microscopy images showed that these nanoparticles were regularly spherical in shap . the micelle size determined by size analysis was around 160 nm .NO7this work examines the PBT/PET sheath/core conjugated fiber with reference to melt spinning, fiber properties and thermal bonding . regarding the rheological behaviors in the conjugated spinning , PET and PBT show the smallest difference between their melt -viscosity at temperatures of 290 and 260 respectively , which has been thought to represent optimal spinning conditions . the effect of processing parameters on the crystallinity of core material-PET was observed and listed . in order of importance , these factors are the draw ratio, the heat-set temperature , and the drawing temperature.NO8thermoresponsive shape memory fibers were prepared by melt spinning form a polyester polyol-based polyurethane shape memory polymer and were subjected to different postspinning operations to modify their structure . the effect of drawing and heatsetting operations on the shape memory behavior , mechanical properties , and structure of the fibers was studied . in contrast to the as-spun fibers , which were found to show permanent shape , the drawn and heat-set fibers showed significantly higher stresses and complete recovery.NO9the dry-jet-wet spinning process was employed to spin poly(lactic acid) fiber by the phase inversion technique using chloroform and methanol as solvent and nonsolvent ,respectively , for PLA . the as-spun fiber was subjected to two-stage hot drawing to study the effect of various process parameters , such as take-up speed ,drawing temperature , and heat-setting temperature on the fiber structural propertics . the take-up speed speed had a pronounced influence on the maximum draw ratio of the fiber . the optimum drawing temperature was observed to be 90 to get a fiber with the tenacity of 0.6 GPa for the draw ratio of 8 .NO1the purpose of this work is to examine zhe changes in thermal properties and zhe crystallization behavior of polyamide 6(PA6) when filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). the composites were produced by melt mixing starting from an industrial available masterbatch containing as produced MWCNT . the focus of this article is a detailed discussion of results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) ,X-ray ,diffraction (XRD) dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and water sorption . the influence of CNT on zhe thermal transitions (glass transition temperature ,melting ,and crystallization) of PA6 is investigated .NO2the effects of nucleating agents (NAs) on fracture toughness of injection-molded isotactic poly(propylene)/ethylene-diene terpolymer (PP/EPDM) were studied in this work . compared with PP/EPDM blends without any NA,EP/EPDM/NA blends show very small and homo geneous PP sphernlites . as we expected ,PP/EPDM blends nucleated with B-phase NA(TMB-5) present not only a significant enhancement in toughness but also a promotion of brittle-ductile transition . however ,the addition of A-phase NA(DMDBS) has no apparent affect on the toughness of the blends . the impact-fractured surface morphologies of such samples were analyzed via scanning electronic microscope(SEM).NO3solutions of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) or EVOH ,ranging in composition from 56 to 71 wt% vinyl alcohol ,can be readily electrospun at room temperature from solutions in 70% 2-propanol/water . the solutions are prepared at 80 and allowed to cool to room temperature .interestingly, the solutions are not stable at room temperature and eventually the polymer precipitates after several hours . however prior to precipitation , electrospinning is extensive and rapid ,allowing coverage of fibers on various substrates . fiber diameters of ca. 0.2-8.0 um were obtained depending upon the solution concentration .NO4the use of macromonomers is a convenient method for preparing branched polymers . however graft copolymers obtained by conventional radical copolymerization of macromonomers often exhibit poorly controlled molecular weights and high polydispersities as well as large compositional heterogeneities from chain-to-chain . in contrast , the development of "living"/controlled radical polymerization has facilitated the precise synthesis of well-defined polymers with lowpolydispersities in addition to enabling synthetic chemists to prepare polymers with novel and complex architectures .NO5the thermal and electrical conductivities in nanocomposites of single ,walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and polyethylene (PE) are investigated in terms of SWNT loading the degree of PE crystallinity , and the PE alignment . isotropic SWNT/PE nanocomposites show a significant increase in thermal conductivity with increasing SWNT loading , having 1.8 and 3.5 W/m K at a SWNT volume fraction of ———0.2 in low-density PE(LDPE) and high-density PE (HDPE), respectively . this increase suggests a reduction of the interfacial thermal resistance . oriented SWNT/HDPE nanocomposites exhibit higher thermal conductivities , which are attributed primarily to the aligned PE matrix .NO6we previously discovered that isotropic monomer solution show birefringence due to its anisotropic structure after gelation in the presence of a small amount of rod-like polyelectrolyte. here ,we focus on what mechanism is responsible for the formation of anisotropic structure during gelation .various optical measurements are perfected to elucidate the structure change during gelation . it is found that the existence of a large-size structure in monomer solution with the rod-like polyelectrolyte is essentially important to induce birefringence during gelation .。
材料科学与工程专业(第四版)英语翻译(1
材料科学与工程专业(第四版)英语翻译(1UNIT 1一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能进进的超过了我们的想象,交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐(recreation)和食品生产,事实上(virtually),我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。
历史上,社会的发展和迚步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料杢实现他们的需求密切(intimately)相关,事实上,早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力杢命名的(石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代)。
二、早期的人类仅仅使用(aess)了非常有限数量的材料,比如自然的石头、木头、粘土(clay)、兽皮等等。
随着时间的发展,通过使用技术杢生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。
这些性材料包拪了陶瓷(pottery)以及各种各样的金属,而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。
此时,材料的应用(utilization)完全就是一个选择的过程,也就是说,在一系列有限的材料中,根据材料的优点杢选择最合适的材料,直到最近的时间内,科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。
在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得,使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起杢。
因此,为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会,成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出杢,包拪了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。
三、由于很多新的技术的发展,使我们获得了合适的材料幵且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。
对一种材料性质的理解的迚步往往是技术的发展的先兆,例如:如果没有合适幵且没有不昂贵的钢材,或者没有其他可以替代(substitute)的东西,汽车就不可能被生产,在现代、复杂的(sophisticated)电子设备依赖于半导体(semiconducting)材料四、有时,将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科(subdiscipline)是非常有用的,严栺的杢说,材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系,与此相反,材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系,杢设计和生产具有预定性能的材料,基于预期的性能。
材料科学专业英语翻译
1. Polyethylene is pliable and is used for applications such as “squeeze bottles.” In polystyrene, the comparatively large benzene side group restricts the motion of the long-chain molecules and makes the structure more rigid. If the benzene group in polystyrene is replaced with a Cl atom (intermediate in size between H and the benzene ring), polyvinylchloride is produced. The Cl atom will restrict the chain mobility more than an H atom but less than a benzene ring. A leathery material is produced with somewhat intermediate properties between polyethylene and polystyrene.聚乙烯非常柔软,可以应用在“挤瓶”中,在聚苯乙烯中,较大的苯环侧基限制了长链分子的运动,使得结构变得刚性变大。
如果苯乙烯中的苯环被氯原子代替(氯原子的尺寸在氢原子和苯环之间),就得到了聚氯乙烯。
氯原子也会限制分子链的运动,但其限制能力比氢原子强但比苯环弱。
从而生成性质介于聚乙烯和聚苯乙烯之间的皮革状材料。
2. The basic techniques used for processing materials may be divided into the following categories: (1) casting, (2) forming, (3) powder processing, and (4) machining. Not all processes are equally applicable to all material types.加工材料的基本技术可以分为以下几类:(1)铸造,(2)成形,(3)粉体工艺和(4)机加工。
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材料学外文资料翻译DC resistivity of alumina and zirconia sintered with TiC Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute,Kolkata 700 032,India College of Ceramic Technology,Kolkata 700 010,IndiaMS received 20 October 2003; revised 11 February 2005 Abstract:Pure alumina and zirconia powders were sintered separately with increasing amount of TiC up to ~ 65 vol.%,as a conducting second phase with an aim to prepare conducting structural ceramics which can be precisely machined by EDM technique. TiC did not help in sintering the parent phase but it decreased the d.c. resistivity of the composite to 1 ohm.cm at ~ 30 vol.% loading. The conductivity is explained by the effective media and percolation theories.Keywords. Alumina; zirconia; titanium carbide; composite; electrical conductivity; electrical resistivity1.introductionAttempts have been made in different directions to improve the mechanical properties of the structural ceramics. Promising among them is a second phase reinforcement in the parent matrix. The ceramics of superior mechanical properties in turn give rise to time consuming finishing processes which are quite expensive. As a solution to this problem,a newer technique of finishing the components at a faster rate and at a relatively reduced cost viz. electro discharge machining (EDM) technique,has been applied in some cases. The technique essentially needs the components to be electrically conducting (resistance < 100ohm-cm). The electrically conducting and compatible second phase materials such as nitrides (TiN),borides(TiB2),carbides (TiC) and silicides (MoSi2,Ti–Si),the electrical resistivity of which are in the range of 13–50 ×10–6 ohm-cm,may impart conductivity to the matrix. The reinforcing second phase may also improve mechanical properties of the material. The electrical conductivity of the matrix is directly dependent on the size and amount of the conducting second phase grains,in general (Pierson 1996).Research in this direction was carried out mainly with engineering ceramics like Si3N4,SiC etc (Matkin et al 1972; Bellosi et al 1989; Mclachlan et al 1990; Sawaguchi et al 1991; Nakayama and Kuroshima 1992). Si3N4 when sintered with SiC nanoparticle (Sawaguchi et al 1991) reduced the resistivity of the composite—the effect was remarkable above 10% SiC. Resistance with 25% SiCwas found to be ~ 1 × 107 W cm and the composite behaved like a semiconductor. The critical volume of SiC at the boundaries of sintered Si3N4 grains was 17% and the electrical behaviour of the composite followed the percolation theory. Up to 10%SiC increased the fracture toughness of the composite. Si3N4 sintered with TiN (Nakayama and Kuroshima 1992) without any other additivereduced impedance of the composite from ~ 1 ×107 W cm to ~ 1 × 103 W cm when measured in the presence of moisture. A lot of work was done on SiC based material as the use of SiC in electrical/electronic devices is wide, e.g. making heating elements,semiconductors,sensors,varistors,etc. Al2O3 and ZrO2 are two other common structural engineering ceramic materials. Scanty reports are available on increasing electrical conductivity of the materials (Guicciardi 1992; Buerger 1994; Krell et al 1995; Mao et al 1998; Wang et al 1998) or in the related field. Mao and co-workers (1998) worked on cobalt coated Al2O3–TiC composite and measured only the abrasion resistance of the composite. They showed that the role of cobalt coating was important and it was responsible for wear damage. Buerger (1994) used up to 50 wt.% TiC with Al2O3. DC resistivity decreased from 1 × 1012 to ~ 1 ×10–3 W cm with 45% TiC. The conductivity was explained by the model of connectivity of TiC particles. TiC,up to 30 wt.%,increased flexural strength of the composite. Krell and co-workers (1995) used 30% TiC with ZrO2 with or withoutTiH2. TiH2 changed the stoichiometry of TiC in the sintered matrix. The grains were free from amorphous phase; the strength and toughness of the composite was similar to 3Y-TZP. Bellosi and co-workers (1989) studied in detail the Al2O3 based composites. They used 20 and 30 vol.% of TiC/TiN or TiB2 and measured the CTE,E-modulus,Vicker’s hardness at 500 g load,fracture toughness,flexural strength up to 800°C,oxidation resistance and D.C. electrical resistivity. The effect of TiN on the above mentioned properties is more compared to the others. tivity decreases to ~ 10–3 ohm.cm with 30 vol.% TiN and the threshold percolation volume is below 20 vol.%. They inferred that the composite may be machined by EDM technique. Wang and co-workers (1999) reportedon D.C. resistivity of Si3N4–TiC composite and theirmechanical properties. They explained the conductivity through percolation theory and calculated the threshold loading of TiC for conductivity to be 18.5 vol.%.An attempt has been made in this work to study the D.C. electrical behaviour of pure Al2O3 and ZrO2 with addition of TiC and also to optimize the amount of TiC addition. Relevance of decrease of d.c. resistivity of ZrO2 and Al2O3 with TiC was explained with the help of effective media and percolation theories.2. ExperimentalPure Al2O3 (HTM30,99×5%,avg. particle size,5 mm,Indian Aluminium Co.,Kolkata),pure ZrO2 (99.9%,avg. particle size,10 mm,Indian Rare Earths Ltd.,Thiruvananthapuram) and TiC (99.0%,avg. particle size,16 mm,H.C. Starck,Goslar,Germany) were taken for preparation of the composites. Each composition (table 1) was mixed in pure isopropyl alcohol for 3 h. The pellets of18 mm diameter were dry pressed uniaxially at 300 MPa and sintered at 1600°C in pure argon in a graphite resistance heated furnace for 10,30,90 and 180 min. Bulk density of the sintered pellets were measured by water displacement method. X-raydiffractograph of the samples were taken to detect the major phases and to know if there was any reaction. The samples with low porosity were polished progressively with 60 mm,10 mm,6 mm,3 mm and 1 mm diamond paste for microstructural study. The ground pellets were coated with silver paint,cured and their D.C. resistivity was measured with a precision ohm-meter (Hewlett Packard Resistance Tester) at room temperature.3. Results and discussion3.1 SinteringSintered density of both Al2O3 and ZrO2 composites with varying percentages of TiC was measured and is plotted in figure 1. The density is compared with the theoretical density of the composites calculated using mixture rule. Sintered density of the composites achieved in the case of Al2O3 (0% TiC) based composition is 78% ( max. 80%)while that in the case of ZrO2 (0% TiC) is 73% because of poorer sinterability of ZrO2 compared to Al2O3 at 1600°C (even in 180 min). Sintering of alumina with TiC addition is,however,poor and the average density reduces to 67% compared to the theoretical value at 55 vol.% TiC. The average sintered density in the case of ZrO2–TiC composites measured over the whole range of TiC addition is ~ 73% while that with Al2O3 drops down slowly with increase of TiC content and achieves an average value of 67% at 55 vol.% TiC content in the composites. TiC in both cases acts as an inert phase and it does not react with the parent phase. TiC acts detrimentally with alumina in forming the composites. The SEM photomicrographs of the composites with 25.68 vol.% TiC–alumina and 33.75 vol.% TiC–zirconia are shown in figures 2a and b. The second phase was seen to be evenly dispersed in the matrix. XRD result shows no reaction between the matrix and the second phase.3.2 DC electrical resistivityFigure 3 shows the reduction of d.c. resistivity of the composites with amount of TiC. The fall of resistivity of the composites is similar in nature which reaches a plateau after a critical percolation volume of TiC. The compositessintered for 180 min had the critical volume of inflexion of resistivity (j c) at 34.0 and 26.3 vol% for ZrO2 and Al2O3,respectively. The fall in d.c. resistivity is sharp for the composites sintered for shorter time and the critical percolation volume is also low compared to the others. Sintering within such a short time is very poor and the fine TiC particles are also well distributed in the matrix,while the composites sinteredfor longer time shows more coagulation of TiC in the matrix. Hence the critical percolation volume is more although the matrix is denser than the former. From the microstructures of Al2O3–TiC it is obvious that TiC is more dispersed in the matrix and the effect is reflected in the j c values. The D.C. resistivity reduced to 1 W cm which is favourable for machining the matrix by EDM technique.The D.C. resistivity of the composites may be explained with the help of percolation theory which explains the conductivity of a composite medium near a metal–insulator transition region. This theory applies,in a strict sense,only when conductivity of the low conducting phase is zero or resistivity of the high conducting phase is zero (Wang et al 1999) ideally. In a real case,the generaleffective media (GEM) equation has been postulated (Mclachlan 1988) where conductance of both media (s h and s l) is finite occurrence thus overcoming the limitation of the percolation theory. The equation fits accurately the conductivityFigure 1. Variation of sintered density of (a) Al2O3–TiC and (b) ZrO2–TiC with amount of TiC sintered at 1600°C at different soaking times.for a large number of binary composite media.In a continuous medium,comprising of an insulating medium as the parentmatrix and an electrically conducting second phase,percolation theory predicts that near a conductor–nonconductor transition of the matrix,the resistivity will be given by the percolation equationr m = k {(1 – j)/jc}t,(1)where r m is the total resistivity of the composite,j the volume fraction of high conductivity phase,j c the criti cal (percolation) volume fraction for the high conduct ivity phase and t the resistivity exponent whose values range between 1×65 and 2×00 (Balberg 1987). Equation (1) can be written as log r m = log k + t log {(1 –j)/j c},(2) where k is the proportionality constant.-Figure 2. SEM micrograph of (a) 74.3 Al2O3–25.7 vol.% TiC composite and (b) 66.25 ZrO2–33.75 vol.% TiC compositTable 2. Values of threshold percolation volume (j c) and t of the composites.Figure 3. Variation of d.c. resistivity of Al2O3 and ZrO2 composites with TiC. The compositions of the matrix for microstructural studies were so selected that they are close to the threshold of the critical percolation volume of the systems to have an idea of the matrix. The threshold volume for such percolation in the systems are,however,dependent on the grain size and amount of the parent and the conducting second phases,shape,size and amount of the pores present in thematrix. The value of j c seems to be on the higher side in both cases mainly because of the larger particle size of the conducting phase and the presence of pores in the matrix (table 2).4. Conclusions(I) TiC was of no help in sintering of alumina and zirconia at 1600°C. Sintered density of alumina,however,increased while that of zirconia decreased with addition of TiC.(II) The minimum percolation volume of TiC in 180 min sintered alumina was 26.3 vol.% and that of zirconia,34.0 vol.%. This volume decreased when the composites were sintered for shorter time because of non-coagulation of TiC and finer Al2O3.(III) The D.C. resistivity of both composites were sufficiently low and there is a possibility of machining them by EDM technique as addition of 30 vol.% TiC also improves mechanical properties of the sintered composites,in general.AcknowledgementsThe work was carried out at the Non-Oxide Ceramic Section,Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute,Kolkata. The authors are grateful to all the staff members of the section. The authors are also grateful to the Director,CGCRI,Kolkata,for providing facilities.ReferencesBalberg I 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 1305Bellosi A et al 1989 Electroconductive Si3N4 based composites,Euroceramics (ed.)G de with (London: Elsevier Applied Sci.),Vol 3,pp 3×389–93Buerger W 1994 Keram Z. 46 547,550Guicciardi B.de portu 1992 J. Euro. Ceram. Soc. 10 307 Krell A,Blank P,Pippel E and Woltersdorf J 1995 J. Am. Ceram.Soc. 78 2641Mao D S,Liu X H,Li J,Guo S Y,Zhang X B and Mao Z Y 1998 J. Mater. Sci.33 5677Matkin D I,Cavell I W and Dyson J R 1972 Proc. Br. Ceram.Soc. 23 58 Mclachlan D S 1988 J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. C21 1521Mclachlan D S,Blaszkiewicz M and Newnham R E 1990 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 2187Nakayama S and Kuroshima H 1992 J. Ceram. Soc. Japan100 758Pierson H O 1996 Handbook of refractory carbides and nitrides (USA: Noyes Publ.) Sawaguchi A,Toda K and Niihara K 1991 J. Am. Ceram. Soc.74 1142Wang H L,Li J B,Li Y and Liu J F 1999 Study of electrical conductivity ofTiC/Si3N4 ceramic composite,Proc. 1st China conf. on high performance ceramics,Beijing,(ed.) D S Yan and Z D Guan (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) p. 432氧化铝与氧化锆和TiC烧结的直流电阻率中央玻璃陶瓷研究所,加尔各答700 032,印度陶瓷技术学院,加尔各答700 010,印度2003年10月20日收到,2005年2月11日修订摘要:纯氧化铝和氧化锆粉末分别与TiC烧结的增加额高达65%,作为一个有准备进行第二阶段达到结构陶瓷的目标,可由电火花精密加工技术完成。