制药工程专业英语翻译

Distillation columns are vertical, cylindrical vessels containing devices that provide intimate contacting of the rising vapor with the descending liquid.

蒸馏塔是垂直的，可以提供给上升的蒸汽与下降的液体直接接触的圆柱形容器控制设备。This contacting provides the opportunity for the two streams to achieve some approach to thermodynamic equilibrium.

这种接触为两个流体实现热力学平衡提供了机会。

Depending on the type of internal devices used, the contacting may occur in discrete steps, called plates or trays, or in a continuous differential manner on the surface of a packing material.

取决于使用的内部设备的类型，能使接触出现分离的叫塔板或者分流塔盘，或者是在一个能连续差分方式的包装材料的表面上。

The fundamental requirement of the column is to provide efficient and economic contacting at a required mass-transfer rate.

蒸馏塔的根本要求，是为客户提供高效和经济的同时要与必要的质量传输速率相联系。Individual column requirements vary from high vacuum to high pressure, from low to high liquid rates, from clean to dirty systems, and so on.

个人塔的要求各不相同从高真空至高压力，从低到高的液率，从清洁到不清洁的系统，等等。As a result, a large variety of internal devices has been developed to fill these needs.

因此结果是，大量的各种内部装置已被开发，以填补这些需求。

The column devices discussed herein are used for absorption (qv) and stripping, the gas flowing up the column is primarily a noncondensable phase at column conditions, whereas in distillation the gas phase is a condensable vapor.

本文所讨论的精馏塔设备，是用于吸收和汽提，主要讨论的是一种非冷凝的气体在色谱柱中向上流动，而在蒸馏气相中是一个冷凝蒸汽的色谱柱条件。

Plate Columns

板柱

There are two general types in use: crossflow and counterflow.

在使用中，一般有两种类型：横流和逆流。

These names refer to the direction of the liquid flow relative to the rising vapor flow.

这些名称是指相对于上升的蒸汽流动的方向。

On the cross-flow plate the liquid flows across the plate and from plate to plate via downcomers.

在该横流板上的液体流过板和从板板之间通过降液管。

On the counterflow plate liquid flows downward through the same orifices used by the rising vapor.

在逆流板的液体则向下流动，用上升的蒸汽通过相同的小孔。

Crossflow Plates. As indicated in Fig.1, liquid enters a crossflow plate from the bottom of the downcomer of the plate above and flows across the active or bubbling area where it is aerated zone where most of the vapor-liquid mass transfer occurs.

横流板。如图1所示，大部分气带发生气-液传质的地方是液体进入横跨活性或鼓泡上方的板并流入降液管的底部的横流板的时候。

The aerated mixture flows over the exit weir into a downcomer

所述充气的混合物则进入降液管流过的出口堰。

A vapor-liquid disengagement takes place in the downcomer and most of the trapped vapor

escapes from liquid and flows back to the interplate vapor space.

汽-液的分离发生在降液管中的大部分被困的蒸汽从液体中逸出，流回板间的蒸气空间的时候。

The liquid, essentially free of entrapped vapor, leaves the plate by flowing under the downcomer to the inlet side of the next lower plate.

基本上不含夹带的蒸汽的液体，通过叶板向下流动从该泄水管的入口侧的流入下一个下层板。

The vapor, disengaging from the aerated mass on the plate, rises to the next plate above.

蒸气，从充气质谱盘上分离，上升到上述额下一个板。

The pressure drop incurred by the vapor as it passes through the orifices of the plate is fundamental to plate operation.

所产生的压力降是由于蒸汽穿过所述的板这个基本操作。

In most plate designs, the pressure drop prevents the crossflowing liquid from falling through the plate.

在大多数板的设计中，该压降防止横流的液体落下通过板。

The pressure drop also results from the energy consumed to disperse the vapor-liquid mixture, e.g., to atomize a portion of the liquid to provide increased interfacial area for mass transfer.

该压降也导致消耗分散蒸气-液体混合物的能量。例如，雾化的一部分液体，提供增加的界面面积使质量转移。

Diameters of commercial crossflow plate columns range from 0.3 to 15 m and plate spacings range from 0.15 to 1.2.

商业横流板柱的直径范围从0.3至15m及板间距范围从0.15至1.2。

The total pressure drop per plate is often in the range of 0.25 to 1.6 kPa (2-12 mmHg).

每块板的总压降通常是在范围为0.25〜1.6kpa（2-12mmhg）.

The principal vapor-liquid contacting devices are used in current crossflow plate design: the sieve plate, the valve plate, and the bubble cap plate.

最重要的液体接触装置被用在通用的横流式金属板的设计中：筛板、筏板、泡罩板。These devices provide the needed intimate of vapor and liquid, requisite to maximizing transfer of mass across the interracial boundary.

这些装置提供了蒸汽和液体之间必须的关系，所需的最大化的转换块状物在边界界面上。Sieve Plates.

筛板。

The conventional sieve or perforated plate is inexpensive and the simplest of the devices normally used.

传统的筛板或者有排孔的板是不贵的且最简单的常被用到的装置

The contacting orifices in the conventional sieve plate are holes that measure 1 to 12 mm diameter and exhibit ratios of open area to active area ranging from 1:20 to 1:7.

在传统筛板里的接触孔是一些直径在1到12毫米的洞且过流面积面积和有效面积的展览比率从1:20到1:7不等。

If the open area is too small, the pressure drop across the plate is excessive;if the open area is too large, the liquid weeps or dumps through the holes.

如果过流面积太小，板的压力下降是过快的；如果过流面积太大了，液体渗出液会从洞里流出。