文体学五种文体PPT课件
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Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
Example
"Where's Van Bummel,the shoolmaster? " "He went off to the war too,was the great militia
general,and is now in Congress." ——Rip Van Winkle
9
Casual style
——US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University
7
Consultative style
Definition:Consultative style is used for conducting most business matters,such as talking with strangers,buying things in a shop ,asking the way in the sreet.
Five Levels of Degrees of Formality
1
➢ Introduction ➢ Definition ➢ Features ➢ Example
2
Introduction
Martin Joos’ classification of degrees of formality in his book The Five Clocks(1962) is of five levels:frozen,formal, consultative,casual and intimate.
3
Frozen style
Definition:Frozen style is used by professional speakers for public purposes,such as legal documents regulations,formal ceremonies.
Features: A.Fixed form and stucture as if frozen. B.Often used on hightly significant occasions.eg:Inaugural,ceremony,court of law. C.Archaic words,formal and big expressions,long and complex sentences.
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
Features: A.Tightly structured and well-planned,no fragments,no repetition and second thought. B.Vocabulary technical,varied consciously. C.Clear and careful pronunciation. D.Different sentence structures.
——Declaration of Independence
5
Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
4
Example
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness……
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
Definition:Casual style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants.It is the language used among friends acquaintances,insiders,and people with shared knowledge.
Fatures: A. First name in greeting,no formal title. B.Often uses fragments,contractions,slang. C.Often used in more relaxed situation as in domitory. D.There is a greater variation from region to region,from one social group to another than formal and other styles.
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
Example
"Where's Van Bummel,the shoolmaster? " "He went off to the war too,was the great militia
general,and is now in Congress." ——Rip Van Winkle
9
Casual style
——US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University
7
Consultative style
Definition:Consultative style is used for conducting most business matters,such as talking with strangers,buying things in a shop ,asking the way in the sreet.
Five Levels of Degrees of Formality
1
➢ Introduction ➢ Definition ➢ Features ➢ Example
2
Introduction
Martin Joos’ classification of degrees of formality in his book The Five Clocks(1962) is of five levels:frozen,formal, consultative,casual and intimate.
3
Frozen style
Definition:Frozen style is used by professional speakers for public purposes,such as legal documents regulations,formal ceremonies.
Features: A.Fixed form and stucture as if frozen. B.Often used on hightly significant occasions.eg:Inaugural,ceremony,court of law. C.Archaic words,formal and big expressions,long and complex sentences.
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
Features: A.Tightly structured and well-planned,no fragments,no repetition and second thought. B.Vocabulary technical,varied consciously. C.Clear and careful pronunciation. D.Different sentence structures.
——Declaration of Independence
5
Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
4
Example
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness……
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
Definition:Casual style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants.It is the language used among friends acquaintances,insiders,and people with shared knowledge.
Fatures: A. First name in greeting,no formal title. B.Often uses fragments,contractions,slang. C.Often used in more relaxed situation as in domitory. D.There is a greater variation from region to region,from one social group to another than formal and other styles.