单项填空典型陷阱题透析

单项填空典型陷阱题透析

高考命题者常常改用熟悉的句型结构，利用一些词或短语搭配来制造陷阱，误导考生掉入所设陷阱，从而让考生在非常神气的心情中快速地得出错误的答案。针对这种情况，同学们平时应学会深入分析句式结构及成分（尤其是长句难句），认真分析语境，找出其特殊性。要时刻记住：语意第一，语法第二的解题原则。高考试题万变不离其宗，只要同学们有扎实的语言基础知识，把握住命题者的思路，就能在高考中立于不败之地。

以下是笔者整理的一些典型易错题，同学们试着识别一下其中的“陷阱”，如若掉进去了，那就好好反思一下，并希望你能从中获得一些启发。

1. 思维定势型

思维定势是指思维在形式上常常采用的、比较固定的甚或是相对凝固的一种思维逻辑、思维推理、思维内容，它是人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种思维条件反射。思维定势是一把双刃剑，如果运用得当，它可以帮助考生将考题内容与以前所学知识迅速联系起来，并在短时间内调集解决问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理，并很快得出正确的结论；但若运用不当，它便会误导考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱，得出错误的结论。

例1. It was a pity that the great writer died________ his works unfinished.（2004福建）

A. for

B. with

C. from

D. of

解析：为答案为B B.

例2. In order not to be disturbed，I spent three hours _______ in my study.

A. locking

B. locked

C. to lock

D. to be locked

解析：答案为B.此题很容易误选A，以为是考查spend……（in）doing结构。根据句意“为了不被打扰，例3. Mr Smith is______ a good teacher_______ we all respect.

A. such，that

B. such，as

C. so，that

D. so，as

解析：答案spect后加上him一词，则应选A.

2.规则硬套型

所谓“规则硬套”，即指不从语言实际出发，不考虑特定的语言环境，而是机械地套用语法规则，生搬硬套语法的条条框框，同学们如果这样去学语言，那就难免出错了。

例4.He made up his mind to devote his life ___________pollution________ happily.

A. to prevent，to live

B. to prevent，from living

C. to preventing，to live

D. to preventing，from living

解析：e happily在句中用做目的状语。

例5.Mike’s father，as well as his mother，insisted that he _________at home.

A. stayed

B. could stay

C. had stayed

D. stay

解析：ld +动词原形，should可以省略，只保留动词原形。故选答案D.

例6. If you want to go to see the movie，so_________ I.

A. do

B. am

C. will

D. should

解析：件句，那么该结构中应用助动词shall/ will，如该题。

3.母语干扰型

学外语最忌母语干扰，但由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响，干扰学习者学习正确、地道的外语。命题者也往往利用这一点，制造陷阱。

例7. I’ll come to see you if_______.

A. you’re convenient

B. it is convenient for you

C. you feel convenient

D. it is convenient with you

解析：说if it is convenient for（to）you，其中的介词可用for或to，但一般不用with.

例8. _________，the vitamin C in them will be destroyed.

A. If vegetables are cooked too long

B. If cooked too long

C. If cooking too long

D. If being cooked too long

解析：语是vegetables，主句的主语是the vitamin C in them，因此不能省略。故选答案A.

4.插入隔离型

有时一个本来很简单的句子，由于表达的需要，在其中置入一个插入成分，或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个在同学们看来属“非正常”的位置，则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难（尤其是阅读能力不是很好的同学会更感困难）。

例9. Is there a shop around ________ we can buy some toilet articles？

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. what

解析：

例10. Which do you enjoy _______ your weekends，fishing or watching TV？

A. spending

B. to spend

C. being spent

D. spend

解析：，to spend your weekends在该句中作状语，表示目的。

例11. He ran as fast as he could __________the bus.

A. catch

B. to catch

C. catching

D. caught

解析：the early bus，其中的不定式to catch the early bus 为目的状语。

5.借用倒装型

英语句子的一般语序为“主语部分＋谓语部分”。如果把谓语放到主语前面，我们称之为倒装。命题者就利用这种“不正常”的句式跟你“绕弯子”。解决类似的题目，关键是要熟悉倒装规则，学会识别倒装句。

例12. _______he followed my advice，he would have succeeded.

A. When

B. If

C. Had

D. Has

解析：f，而将had，should，were提前置于句首。

这样的例子太多了，这里我们就不再罗列了。希望同学们通过对这些典型陷阱题的学习和研究，能真正抓住陷阱题的本质，排除陷阱题中的干扰，学会识别陷阱的方法，掌握跳出陷阱的技巧。以下是精选的典型题目，就请你“雾里看花”，“水中望月”，练练身手吧！

1. _______smoking here will be fined.

A. Who

B. Whomever

C. Anyone

D. Whoever

2. After_______ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.

A. which B .it C. what D. that

3. _______is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

4. He is always really rude，______is why people tend to avoid him.

A. that

B. it

C. this

D. which

5. He had a lot of friends，none of _______ could lend him any money.

A. whom

B. them

C. which

D. who

6. Mr. Smith is a painter，_______ I should also like to be.

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. it

7. According to the rules，students must not_______ their books during examinations.

A. read

B. watch

C. notice

D. look at

8. Every boy and girl_______ the book and they each________ to buy one.

A. like，want

B. likes，wants

C. likes，want

D. like，wants

9. _______is his favorite subject，but he doesn’t know _______ for “gongzuo”。

A. English，English

B. The English，the English

C. English，the English

D. The English，English

10. China is larger than_______ country in Asia.

A. any

B. any other

C. other

D. another

11. Remind him_______ the window when he leaves.

A. of closing

B. closing

C. to close

D. close

12. You are right，we are not interested _______ to stories，but now we’d be interested _______your story.