单项填空典型陷阱题透析
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单项填空典型陷阱题透析
高考命题者常常改用熟悉的句型结构,利用一些词或短语搭配来制造陷阱,误导考生掉入所设陷阱,从而让考生在非常神气的心情中快速地得出错误的答案。针对这种情况,同学们平时应学会深入分析句式结构及成分(尤其是长句难句),认真分析语境,找出其特殊性。要时刻记住:语意第一,语法第二的解题原则。高考试题万变不离其宗,只要同学们有扎实的语言基础知识,把握住命题者的思路,就能在高考中立于不败之地。
以下是笔者整理的一些典型易错题,同学们试着识别一下其中的“陷阱”,如若掉进去了,那就好好反思一下,并希望你能从中获得一些启发。
1. 思维定势型
思维定势是指思维在形式上常常采用的、比较固定的甚或是相对凝固的一种思维逻辑、思维推理、思维内容,它是人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种思维条件反射。思维定势是一把双刃剑,如果运用得当,它可以帮助考生将考题内容与以前所学知识迅速联系起来,并在短时间内调集解决问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理,并很快得出正确的结论;但若运用不当,它便会误导考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱,得出错误的结论。
例1. It was a pity that the great writer died________ his works unfinished.(2004福建)
A. for
B. with
C. from
D. of
解析:为答案为B B.
例2. In order not to be disturbed,I spent three hours _______ in my study.
A. locking
B. locked
C. to lock
D. to be locked
解析:答案为B.此题很容易误选A,以为是考查spend……(in)doing结构。根据句意“为了不被打扰,例3. Mr Smith is______ a good teacher_______ we all respect.
A. such,that
B. such,as
C. so,that
D. so,as
解析:答案spect后加上him一词,则应选A.
2.规则硬套型
所谓“规则硬套”,即指不从语言实际出发,不考虑特定的语言环境,而是机械地套用语法规则,生搬硬套语法的条条框框,同学们如果这样去学语言,那就难免出错了。
例4.He made up his mind to devote his life ___________pollution________ happily.
A. to prevent,to live
B. to prevent,from living
C. to preventing,to live
D. to preventing,from living
解析:e happily在句中用做目的状语。
例5.Mike’s father,as well as his mother,insisted that he _________at home.
A. stayed
B. could stay
C. had stayed
D. stay
解析:ld +动词原形,should可以省略,只保留动词原形。故选答案D.
例6. If you want to go to see the movie,so_________ I.
A. do
B. am
C. will
D. should
解析:件句,那么该结构中应用助动词shall/ will,如该题。
3.母语干扰型
学外语最忌母语干扰,但由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固,所以常常会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响,干扰学习者学习正确、地道的外语。命题者也往往利用这一点,制造陷阱。
例7. I’ll come to see you if_______.
A. you’re convenient
B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient
D. it is convenient with you
解析:说if it is convenient for(to)you,其中的介词可用for或to,但一般不用with.
例8. _________,the vitamin C in them will be destroyed.
A. If vegetables are cooked too long
B. If cooked too long
C. If cooking too long
D. If being cooked too long
解析:语是vegetables,主句的主语是the vitamin C in them,因此不能省略。故选答案A.
4.插入隔离型
有时一个本来很简单的句子,由于表达的需要,在其中置入一个插入成分,或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个在同学们看来属“非正常”的位置,则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难(尤其是阅读能力不是很好的同学会更感困难)。
例9. Is there a shop around ________ we can buy some toilet articles?
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
解析:
例10. Which do you enjoy _______ your weekends,fishing or watching TV?
A. spending
B. to spend
C. being spent
D. spend
解析:,to spend your weekends在该句中作状语,表示目的。
例11. He ran as fast as he could __________the bus.
A. catch
B. to catch
C. catching
D. caught
解析:the early bus,其中的不定式to catch the early bus 为目的状语。
5.借用倒装型
英语句子的一般语序为“主语部分+谓语部分”。如果把谓语放到主语前面,我们称之为倒装。命题者就利用这种“不正常”的句式跟你“绕弯子”。解决类似的题目,关键是要熟悉倒装规则,学会识别倒装句。
例12. _______he followed my advice,he would have succeeded.
A. When
B. If
C. Had
D. Has
解析:f,而将had,should,were提前置于句首。
这样的例子太多了,这里我们就不再罗列了。希望同学们通过对这些典型陷阱题的学习和研究,能真正抓住陷阱题的本质,排除陷阱题中的干扰,学会识别陷阱的方法,掌握跳出陷阱的技巧。以下是精选的典型题目,就请你“雾里看花”,“水中望月”,练练身手吧!
1. _______smoking here will be fined.
A. Who
B. Whomever
C. Anyone
D. Whoever
2. After_______ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
A. which B .it C. what D. that
3. _______is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
4. He is always really rude,______is why people tend to avoid him.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. which
5. He had a lot of friends,none of _______ could lend him any money.
A. whom
B. them
C. which
D. who
6. Mr. Smith is a painter,_______ I should also like to be.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. it
7. According to the rules,students must not_______ their books during examinations.
A. read
B. watch
C. notice
D. look at
8. Every boy and girl_______ the book and they each________ to buy one.
A. like,want
B. likes,wants
C. likes,want
D. like,wants
9. _______is his favorite subject,but he doesn’t know _______ for “gongzuo”。
A. English,English
B. The English,the English
C. English,the English
D. The English,English
10. China is larger than_______ country in Asia.
A. any
B. any other
C. other
D. another
11. Remind him_______ the window when he leaves.
A. of closing
B. closing
C. to close
D. close
12. You are right,we are not interested _______ to stories,but now we’d be interested _______your story.