2009年厦门大学考研真题写作与英汉互译

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2018年厦门大学708写作与英汉互译考研真题

2018年厦门大学708写作与英汉互译考研真题厦门大学的考研真题自15年开始已经不对外公布了，所以真题只有回忆版的，以下是芙蓉厦大考研网整理收集的2018年厦门大学708写作与英汉互译考研真题。

考生可以专业课资料栏目找到该科目的考研资料，如果考生有其他疑问，可以联系芙蓉厦大考研网的咨询老师。

Ⅰ.Translate the following two passages into English.（40points）A.Translate the following passage into English.（20points）呜呼！士穷乃见节义。

今夫平居里巷相慕悦，酒食游戏相征逐，诩诩强笑语以相取下，握手出肺肝相示，指天日涕泣，誓生死不相背负，真若可信；一旦临小利害，仅如毛发比，反眼若不相识。

落陷穽，不一引手救，反挤之，又下石焉者，皆是也。

此宜禽兽夷狄所不忍为，而其人自视以为得计。

闻子厚之风，亦可以少愧矣。

（选自韩愈的《柳子厚墓志铭》）B.Translate the following passage into English.（20points）类似政府工作报告的一段Ⅱ.Translate the following two passages into Chinese.（35points）A.Translate the following passage into Chinese.（20points）The genial sunshine pouring upon him and saturating his miserable body with its warmth.A fine day,he thought.Perhaps he could manage to locate himself.By a painful effort he rolled over on his side.Below him flowed a wide and sluggish river. Its unfamiliarity puzzled him.Slowly he followed it with his eyes,winding in wide sweeps among the bleak,bare hills,bleaker and barer and lower-lying than any hills he had yet encountered.Slowly,deliberately,without excitement or more than the most casual interest,he followed the course of the strange stream toward the sky-line and saw it emptying into a bright and shining sea.He was still unexcited. Most unusual,he thought,a vision or a mirage--more likely a vision,a trick of his disordered mind.He was confirmed in this by sight of a ship lying at anchor in the midst of the shining sea.He closed his eyes for a while,then opened them.Strange how the vision persisted!Yet not strange.He knew there were no seas or ships in the heart of the barren lands,just as he had known there was no cartridge in the empty rifle.（选自《热爱生命和其他故事》英文版Love of Life and Other Stories）B.Translate the following passage into Chinese.（15points）The earth is sometimes called“the blue planet”,because from outer space it appears mostly as blue ocean.But ocean water is salty,and not easily converted to freshwater.The amount of freshwater available for human use is only a small fraction of the amount of water found in oceans or locked away in polar ice caps.Ofthis available freshwater,95percent is located underground.Underground water is motion most of the time,flowing slowly from recharge areas until it discharges into a spring,stream,lake,wetlands or ocean.Groundwater often follows the course of rivers or lies underneath marshes and swamps,keeping rivers from drying up and protecting vegetation when rain is scarce.The upward and downward movement of water through the ground has also a filtering effect, accounting for the generally good quality of groundwater.This means that groundwater is not only better suited for drinking than surface water,it also produces better crop yields.Ⅲ.Writing.（75points）A.Writing task1.（40points）翻译下面一句话，并写一篇作文，谈谈how translators in China can contribute to patriotic education.“爱国主义教育是提高全民族整体素质的基础性工程.....”B.Writing task1.（35points）Read the following passage........discuss your understanding of and your thoughts about“You should be yourself”and“you should not be yourself.”初试指定教材：《英语写作手册》丁往道等主编，外语教学与研究出版社，1984年，或其他高校英语专业写作教材《英汉翻译教程》杨士焯著，北京大学出版社，2011年；《英译汉教程》连淑能编著，高等教育出版社，2006年；《笔译理论与技巧》何刚强编著，外语教学与研究出版社，2009年。

厦门大学(已有10试题)

厦门大学中文系文学理论与文学评论写作2008--2009语言文学基础2008—-2009文学2007文学基础2003——2006中西文艺理论基础2000—-2002,2004--2005文艺评论写作2000——2002中国现当代文学2000-—2006文艺理论2000—-2003，2006——2007中国文学史2001—-2002中国古代文学理论2001——2005中国文学批评史2006语言理论2004中外文学2000—-2002欧美文学与比较文学2004——2006戏剧基础知识2003—-2006文艺基础知识2003——2005美学与文艺理论2000-—2002美学与艺术概论2005语言学2008——2009历史系世界近代史2002世界现代史2002中国近现代史2003——2004世界近现代史2003——2004专门史2002经济专门史2001经济史1999—-2000中国古代史2000中国通史1999—-2002通史1999中国考古学1999-—2005考古学通论1999考古学概论2000——2002中国古代史1999——2005哲学系哲学基础理论2008—-2009中西哲学史2008——2009新闻传播系新闻与传播实务2007——2010（注：2007、2010年试卷为回忆版)新闻学与传播学基础2006——2009(注：2006——2007年试卷为回忆版）新闻业务1999——2006广告学原理1996—-1997，2001-—2002公共关系原理与实务2002中国传播史1999——2005传播学理论2001——2004传播实务2004,2006广告与公关2003（回忆版）2003年传播学复试题目人类学与民族学系人类学理论方法2003人类学概论1999—-2001，2003人类学通论2008——2009文化人类学1999--2001人类学史1999--2001民族学通论2008——2009经济系宏、微观经济学2005-—2009（2005有答案）西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003—-2004,2006，2009—2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002计划统计系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003-—2004，2006，2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002财政系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005经济学2003—-2004，2006,2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002财政学1996——1998财政学综合考试1996——1998金融系金融学基础(联考)2002-—2010（2002-—2010有答案) 货币银行学综合考试1998—-2000货币银行学1998——2000货币银行学(复试）2000国际经济与贸易系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005经济学2003--2004,2006，2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002国际贸易1998——2002经济研究所宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003——2004,2006,2009—2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002王亚南经济研究院经济学2003——2004,2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002,2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002会计系会计学2000--2005会计学综合考试2000-—2002管理学与管理经济学2003——2009（注:2005—-2007年为回忆版）企业管理专业综合考试(含人力资源管理、市场营销学）1998——2002 企业管理（含管理学、财务管理）1998—-2002企业管理系管理学与管理经济学2003—-2007（注：2005--2007年为回忆版)企业管理专业综合考试（含人力资源管理、市场营销学）1998——2002 企业管理（含管理学、财务管理)1998——2002管理科学系运筹学（管理科学系）2002——2009旅游系（无此试卷）法学院法理学与民法学2000--2006法理学1995——2002，2005-—2006法理学与民事诉讼法学2003——2006法理学与宪法学2002，2005——2010（2010为回忆版)民法学1990，1998——2002民法学与商法学2003——2006民法学与宪法学2005-—2006民法学与刑法学2007,2009—-2010（2010为回忆版）综合国际法学2003-—2005国际公法与国际私法1997—-2002国际经济法1997—-2002(国际法学专业)综合考试1997——1999（民商法学、经济法学专业）综合考试2002民事诉讼法2000—-2002商法学2003经济法学1998-—2003民事诉讼法与刑事诉讼法2003宪法学与行政法学2003刑法学与刑事诉讼法学2003，2005——2006行政法与行政诉讼法学2005-—2006政治学系政治学与公共管理学2007—-2009政治学与行政学2003——2006政治学原理2002行政学2002现代政治思想（中、西）2008-—2009公共管理系政策科学与经济学2007--2009政治学与公共管理学2007——2009政治学与行政学2003—-2006（word版本）政治学原理2002行政学2002综合考试（行政管理）2002——2006(注:无管理学部分）（word版本) 社会保障专业试题2004社会学系社会学原理2005，2008—-2009社会调查研究方法2005，2008-—2009人口研究所宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003——2004，2006，2009-2010政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002思想政治教育系政治学与公共管理学2007——2009政治学与行政学2003——2006政治学原理2002行政学2002政治学2008——2009中共党史与思想政治教育学2008——2009英文系二外法语2001，2003—-2005（注:2001年的试卷共14页,缺第4页）二外日语2003二外德语2006——2009英语基础知识2003—-2005（2005有答案）英语语言文学基础知识2002阅读及英美文学、语言学基础2003-—2009（2006-—2009有答案）（注：2006—-2009年的答案只有语言学基础部分的答案）阅读理解与英美文学基础知识1998——2000阅读理解及语言学、英美文学基础知识2001阅读与写作2002翻译与写作2003——2004写作与英汉互译2003—-2006,2009英语写作2000英汉、汉英翻译1998——2002欧洲语言文学系二外英语2003——2006，2009（2009有答案）公共外语教学部二外法语2001，2003-—2005（注：2001年的试卷共14页，缺第4页)二外日语2003二外德语2006—-2009英语基础知识2003--2005（2005有答案）英语语言文学基础知识2002阅读及英美文学、语言学基础2003——2009(2006——2009有答案）(注：2006—-2009年的答案只有语言学基础部分的答案）阅读理解与英美文学基础知识1998--2000阅读理解及语言学、英美文学基础知识2001阅读与写作2002翻译与写作2003——2004写作与英汉互译2003--2006,2009英语写作2000英汉、汉英翻译1998-—2002日本语言文学系二外英语2003—-2006，2009（2009有答案）基础日语2005-—2006综合日语2003——2006日本文学2004日本文学史2003日语语言文化2004音乐系音乐学基础2008—-2009中外音乐史2008——2009美术系设计史2007——2009设计史论2004——2006艺术概论2007——2009中外美术史2008—-2009物理系高等数学（无线电物理专业)1998，2001-—2005电子线路2001——2002,2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试] 普通物理学2002——2004,2006——2009（2006-—2007有答案)电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003——2004机电工程系自动控制原理2000-—2002，2004——2006，2008——2009模拟电路与数字逻辑2000-—2002微机原理2003-—2005微机原理及应用2000——2002电子线路2001--2002，2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试］普通物理学2002——2004，2006——2009（2006——2007有答案）电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003——2004数学科学学院综合基础Ⅱ（数学各专业）（含高等代数、抽象代数）2007,2010基础综合Ⅰ（含数学分析、实变函数、常微分方程）2005—-2006数学分析2003——2004高等代数2003化学系物理化学1990—-1991,2000—-2002，2004，2007——2009(2008有答案）高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008-—2010分析化学2008——2010无机化学2008—-2009化学工程与生物工程系高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008——2010传递过程与单元操作2008-—2009材料科学与工程系高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008-—2010材料科学基础2008-—2009基础化学2008——2010生命科学学院生物化学1999-—2001，2003--2010细胞生物学1994——2009微生物学2002——2010生物学2005普通生物学1994—-2000，2002——2003，2005生物学概论1999，2001，2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001——2010植物生态学1996——2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987——2002，2004——2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998-—2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005——2009动物生物学2003，2005,2007-—2010动物学1993——2005海洋系生物化学1999——2001,2003-—2010细胞生物学1994-—2009微生物学2002—-2010生物学2005普通生物学1994——2000,2002—-2003，2005，2008--2009 生物学概论1999，2001，2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001——2010植物生态学1996-—2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987—-2002，2004——2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998—-2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005——2009动物生物学2003,2005,2007——2010动物学1993—-2005海洋地质学2008——2009海洋管理概论2005——2009海洋科学导论2008——2009声学基础与数字电路2003——2009数学物理基础2008--2009无机化学2008——2009物理化学2008——2009环境科学中心环境评价规划与管理2001—-2009（其中2001、2002年分为规划管理与评价学两份试题）环境学导论2002—-2009环境工程学2007-2010有机化学（环境科学、环境管理专业）2002—-2006分析化学（环境科学、环境管理专业）2002——2006，2008——2009生物化学1999-—2001,2003-—2010细胞生物学1994——2009微生物学2002--2010生物学2005普通生物学1994——2000，2002——2003，2005生物学概论1999，2001,2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001—-2010植物生态学1996——2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987——2002，2004-—2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998——2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005—-2009动物生物学2003，2005，2007--2010动物学1993——2005普通物理学2008——2009计算机科学系数据结构与计算机组成原理2003——2007数据结构与高级程序设计1997—-2002（2001有答案,答案只有数据结构部分）数据结构与C语言2004操作系统与编译原理1997-—2001组成原理与汇编语言2002电子工程系高等数学(无线电物理专业）1998,2001—-2005模拟电路与数字逻辑2000——2002信号与系统2007——2008（2007有答案）电路、信号与线性系统2003—-2006,2009（2006有答案）（注：2006年试卷缺电路的题，只有信号与线性系统的题，共4页，缺第3、4页）自动控制原理2000-—2002,2004——2006,2008-—2009电子线路2001——2002，2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试］普通物理学2002—-2004，2006-—2009(2006——2007有答案）电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003—-2004光电子技术2008——2009自动化系模拟电路与数字逻辑2000——2002自动控制原理2000——2002,2004——2006，2008-—2009电子线路2001——2002，2008——2009[其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试] 普通物理学2002——2004，2006——2009(2006-—2007有答案)电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003--2004数据结构2008—-2009通信工程系信号与系统2007-—2008(2007有答案)电路、信号与线性系统2003——2006，2009(2006有答案)（注：2006年试卷缺电路的题，只有信号与线性系统的题,共4页，缺第3、4页）电子线路2001—-2002，2008--2009[其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试]医学院生物医学研究院药物化学2008-—2009有机化学（医）2008-—2009生物化学2007——2009物理化学(医学院）2010生理学2010建筑系建筑设计2001——2002中外建筑历史2001——2002，2008——2009概念性快速建筑设计2008——2009建筑技术概论2008—-2009土木系材料力学2008——2009结构力学2008-—2009南洋研究院国际政治2003-—2009国际关系史2003——2009宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010经济学2003——2004,2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002台湾研究院宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010经济学2003-—2004，2006,2009—2010西方经济学2002，2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002 政治学与行政学2004——2005（缺案例分析）中西文艺理论基础2000-—2002，2004—-2005 文艺评论写作2000-—2002中国现当代文学2000--2005文学基础2003——2004中外文学2000—-2002世界近代史2002世界现代史2002中国古代史2000通史1999中国近现代史2002——2004世界近现代史2003——2004现代政治思想（中、西）2008--2009教育研究院普通心理学1986-—1988,2000-—2005普通教育学2000——2005教育学1985,1987——1988高等教育学专业综合考试1985——1987心理学1985，1987发展心理学与教育心理学1987—-1988 中外教育史、比较教育学1999—-2001。

厦门大学外文学院考研

厦门大学外文学院考研一、厦门大学外文学院考研考试简介厦门大学外文学院有五个系，各系考试也不同，如下：英语语言文学系的英语语言文学专业考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②242俄语（二外）或243日语（二外）或244法语（二外）或245德语（二外）③708写作与英汉互译④814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础。

两个专业学位英语笔译和英语口译考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识。

欧洲语言文学系的俄语语言文学专业考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②241英语（二外）③610基础俄语④816综合俄语。

外语教学部的外国语言学及应用语言学专业考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②242俄语（二外）或243日语（二外）或244法语（二外）或245德语（二外）③708写作与英汉互译④814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础。

日语专业考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②241英语（二外）③611基础日语④817综合日语。

法语专业考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②241英语（二外）③709法国文化与文学④815法语综合考试。

二、厦门大学外文学院考研招生统计三、厦门大学外文学院考研指定参考书英语语言文学系俄语：《大学俄语》（ 1-3 册）董青、乔绪主编，北京大学出版社，或其他高校的公共俄语教材日语：《中日交流标准日本语》（初级上•下册、中级上•下册共四册），人民教育出版社，或其他高校的公共日语教材法语：《法语》（1、2、3、4册），马晓宏主编，外语教学与研究出版社，或《新大学法语》（1、2、3、4册），李志清总主编，高等教育出版社，2003年德语：《新编大学德语》 1-4 册，朱建华主编，外语教学与研究出版社，2004 年 9 月英语写作：《英语写作手册》丁往道等主编，外语教学与研究出版社， 1984 年，或其他高校英语专业写作教材英汉、汉英翻译：1、《英汉翻译教程》杨士焯著，北京大学出版社，2006年；2、《英译汉教程》连淑能编著，高等教育出版社， 2006年；3、《英汉对比研究》，连淑能著，高等教育出版社， 1993 年阅读理解：高校英语专业高年级通用教材英美文学基础知识：1、《英国文学选读》王守仁主编，高等教育出版社， 2000 年。

2009年考研英语真题及答案

2009年考研英语真题和答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 thefruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taugh t instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through p roblems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.B ut some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because neweducational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the carefu l sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often__________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They al so focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)答案Section I Use of English1—5 BADBC 6—10 ADCBD11—15 DBCDA 16—20 CBAACSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21—25 ABCAA 26—30 ACDAB31—35 DBBAC 36—40 BBDACPart B41—45 CEABGPart C46. 可以说，任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是它原来的动机的一部分。

厦门大学英语口译考试III级(2009年春季)

厦门大学英语口译考试III级（2009年春季）第一部分：汉译英要求：请在原音停顿、录音开始时口译听到的段落。

女士们、先生们，上午好！感谢大家来参加这次新闻发布会。

最近一段时间在一些国家和地区爆发了甲型H1N1流感疫情，这引起了市委市政府的高度重视，专门开会研究部署了疫情防控工作，并成立了由卫生局、公安局、检验检疫局等单位联合组成的疫情防控小组，在此我谨代表检疫局介绍一下我市检疫部门的防控工作，并回答各位关心的问题。

// 由于我市是沿海地区重要的出入境口岸，从4月25日起，我们在机场和码头等场所全面加强了出入境旅客的体温检测，下面我汇报一下目前的情况。

截至昨日，共发现21例发烧病人，但没有发现人感染甲型流感的病例报告。

这21例发烧病人中，有15人是入境旅客，6人是出境旅客，经过我市相关医院的诊断，有18例属于普通感冒，其他3例属于肠道疾病，所以排除了甲型流感的可能。

//但是，我们的出入境检疫工作并没有因此放松，除了体温检测外，我们还在以下几个方面加强了防控工作：一，对每一个入境旅客发放健康申明卡。

健康申明卡要求旅客填写姓名、联系方式、过去2周去过的国家和地区、以及与流感患者的接触史等，以便发生紧急情况能够及时找到相关旅客。

检疫人员将旅客填写的内容与旅客的护照等有效证件逐一核对，若内容与本人证件信息不相符，有权拒绝其入境请求。

//二，进一步加强交通工具的消毒和旅客携带物的查验。

对入境旅客的行李进行严格的检验检疫，防止任何违禁物品入境。

三，对来自疫病流行国家和地区的所有人员需要实施两次体温检测，若体温异常或有感冒症状的，要询问病史和接触史，对认为需要隔离的，按规定程序交当地卫生部门实施，做到疫病早发现、早报告、早诊断、早隔离、早治疗。

//四，通过广播、电视、报纸、网站等媒体向公众宣传甲型流感知识，介绍我市的防控现状，缓解不必要的紧张情绪。

另一方面，我们也想借此机会提醒公众养成良好的卫生习惯，注意个人卫生，这包括勤洗手、喝开水、吃熟食等等。

2009年厦门大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2009年厦门大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.In writing his account of these important events,he will not______his experiences in the order in which they happened.A.classifypareposeD.arrange【答案】D【解析】句意：在记述这些重要事件时，他将不会把他参与的活动按发生顺序排列。

arrange 排列，整理。

classify把…分类，把…分等级。

compare比较，对照，把…比作。

compose 整理；创作；调解。

2.Although the examination he passed was not important,his success______him in his ambition to become a doctor.A.persuadedB.urgedC.convincedD.encouraged【答案】D【解析】句意：尽管他通过的这门考试不重要，但这次成功使他更有信心去实现自己的医生梦。

encourage鼓励，刺激，使有信心。

persuade说服(某人)做某事，引诱。

09年英语考研试卷真题

09年英语考研试卷真题英语考研，即研究生入学考试中的英语科目，是中国学生为了进入研究生院而必须参加的一项考试。

2009年的英语考研试卷真题是很多准备考研的学生复习的重要资料。

以下是模拟的2009年英语考研试卷真题的一个例子：2009年英语考研试卷真题Part I: Use of English (英语知识运用)Section ADirections: Read the following text. Alter the form, where necessary, to make the sentences coherent and grammatically correct. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.[Text]In the past, the majority of people lived in rural areas. However, with the development of industry and urbanization, the number of people living in cities has been increasing rapidly. This trend has had a profound effect on the social structure and way of life. For instance, the traditional family unit, which was once the cornerstone of society, has been changing. The family is no longer the primary source of support for the elderly. The young people are more likely tomove away from their hometowns to pursue career opportunities. As a result, the social fabric is becoming more complex. The government is now faced with the challenge of providing adequate housing, education, and healthcare for the growing urban population.[Questions]1. In the past, the majority of people lived in rural areas. (No change needed)2. However, with the development of industry and urbanization, the number of people living in cities is increasing rapidly.3. This trend has a profound effect on the social structure and way of life.4. For instance, the traditional family unit, which was once the cornerstone of society, has been changed.5. The family is no longer the primary source of support for the elderly.6. The young people are more likely to move away from their hometowns to pursue career opportunities.7. As a result, the social fabric is becoming more complex.8. The government is now faced with the challenge ofproviding adequate housing, education, and healthcare for the growing urban population.Section BDirections: Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese sentence into English.1. 随着科技的进步，人们的生活方式也发生了巨大的变化。

2009考研英语真题参考答案

2009考研英语真题参考答案以下《2009考研英语真题参考答案》由考研英语答案频道为您精心提供，欢迎大家参考。

答案Section I Use of English1—5 BADBC 6—10 ADCBD11—15 DBCDA 16—20 CBAACSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21—25 ABCAA 26—30 ACDAB31—35 DBBAC 36—40 BBDACPart B41—45 CEABGPart C46. 可以说，任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是它原来的动机的一部分。

47. 一种制度的副产品，只是逐步被注意到的，而这种效果被视为实施这种制度的一个指导性因素更加缓慢得多。

48. 在和他们接触的时候，虽然容易忽略我们的行动对他们的倾向的影响，但是也不像与成年人打交道那么简单。

49. 既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活，我们禁不住考虑我们是否在形成获得这种能力的力量。

50. 因此，我们可以在上面所考虑的广阔的教育过程之内区别出一种比较正规的教育，即直接的教导或学校教育。

Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. 应用文参考范文Dear editor，I am writing this letter to advise you of the pressing situationwe are facing now. As we know, being accustomed to using plastic bag in our daily life, some of us still take the “white pollution” for granted. Plastic bag has become the indispensible part of our life, and the “white pollution” now is a ubiquitous phenomenon, which greatly worsens our environment.To save the situation from further aggravating, I would like to suggest that: firstly, our government should make a set of laws to punish the groups and individuals who are still polluting the environment; secondly, new technologies should be used to produce degradable and renewable materials; thirdly, the local media can make full use of its own influence to intensify the publicity in order to enhance people’s awareness of environment.I hope that my suggestions are helpful, thank you for your attention!Sincerely yours，Li MingPart B52. 短文写作参考范文In the drawing, what first appears in front of us is a huge spider web, on which innumerable people are attached, like the catch of the owner of the web. What is more ironic is they are imprisoned in respective cabins, choosing contacting on line rather than communicating face to face.There is no doubt that the Internet provides us with considerable convenience. However, it drives too many individuals to be addicted to the fictional experience, and hence forget the traditional and most efficient communication method. Indifference has become a not uncommon phenomenon in the modern world. The following reasons may be contribute to thephenomenon. To begin with, people in mounting numbers, who are vividly called netters, indulge in on-line activities, because science and technology develops too fast for people to adapt to it. The Internet, in particular, moving forward with an unimaginable speed, provides people with a convenient tool of getting in touch with others, which lacks weighing its correctness. Moreover, the fierce competition also plays a role of forcing people to fear the situation, which results in people’s habit of wallowing in the unreal world.Hence, it is the high time that we highlighted the imperative of face-to-face communication between people. The joint efforts of the specialists, the netters and the educators are needed to cultivate the whole society with the essentiality. Only in this way can we expect a healthy development of the relationship among individuals.考研英语栏目推荐链接：。

2009年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析

2009年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析真题：There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others, and the deliberate（故意的，蓄意的）educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express（明白的，明确的；专门的，特别的）reason of the association. （46）It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify（满足；使高兴）appetites and secure family perpetuity（稳定，永远）; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. （47）Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. （48）While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. （49）Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.（50）We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.解析：1、It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. 【译文】虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生经验方面所起的作用，但这种作用不并不是我们最初动机的组成部分。

2009考研英语试题翻译

2009考研英语试题翻译、作文参考答案2009年01月19日 14:44 来源：搜狐教育46．It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive尽管人们可以这样说，对任何一个社会制度价值的衡量就是其在增长和丰富经验方面所产生的影响，但是这种影响并不是其最初（原来）动机的一部分。

47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。

这个制度的副产品仅仅是为人们所逐步注意到，而在实施这种制度时，认为这种影响是一个制约因素则仍然更为缓慢。

48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.尽管我们在与年轻人交往时，很容易忽视我们的行为对他们性格的影响，但是与成年人接触或交往却并不那么容易。

49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share ina common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.既然我们对他们的主要职责（任务）就是使年轻人能够参与到一个共同的生活中去，因此我们不禁思考我们是否正具备这种力量，而这种力量将有助于我们获得这种能力。

2009年考研英语作文范文

2009年考研英语作文范文With the advent of the internet, the landscape of education has been revolutionized. The following essay explores the profound impact of the internet on the educational sector, focusing on its benefits and challenges.Firstly, the internet has made education more accessible to a broader audience. Students from remote areas, who previously had limited access to educational resources, can now engagein online courses offered by prestigious institutions worldwide. This democratization of education has thepotential to bridge the gap between the privileged and the underprivileged.Secondly, the internet has introduced a plethora of learning tools and resources that enhance the learning experience. Interactive modules, educational videos, and online forums facilitate a more engaging and comprehensive understanding of complex subjects. The availability of these resources at the click of a button has transformed the way students learn and interact with educational content.However, the internet also poses certain challenges to the educational system. One significant concern is the issue of information overload. The vast amount of informationavailable online can be overwhelming and may lead to distractions, making it difficult for students to focus on their studies. Additionally, the quality of informationvaries, and not all sources are reliable, which can mislead students.Moreover, the digital divide remains a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of internet-based education. Not all students have equal access to the necessary technology and internet connectivity, which can exacerbate existing educational inequalities.In conclusion, the internet has brought about transformative changes in the field of education. While it has opened up new avenues for learning and collaboration, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed. It is imperative for educational institutions and policymakers to work together to harness the power of the internet while mitigating its potential drawbacks. The future of education lies in striking the right balance between traditional teaching methods and the innovative opportunities offered by the digital age.。

2009年考研英语翻译真题解析

2009年考研英语翻译真题解析(一)第一句一、试题题源While it may be said, without exaggeration, that the measure of the worth of any social institution, economic, domestic, political, legal, religious, is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; yet this effect is not a part of its original motive, which is limited and more immediately practical.（48 words）二、考试试题It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. （33 words）三、译文参考可以说，要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是其原来动机的一部分。

四、翻译讲解1. 整个句子的主干结构是but连接的两个并列句。

2. 第一个并列句这个句子有一个最简单的形式主语结构it may be said，然后有一个基本结构是the measure of …is in its effect in…，可以翻译为“衡量…是看在…中的效果”。

第二个并列句的结构非常简单。

3. 第一个并列句中主语中心词是measure后面带了两个of修饰结构，这种结构是属于考研翻译中考过无数次的结构，请参考94年71题，97年72题，01年74题，02年64题，和07年46题等。

2009年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析（原MBA）

2009年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析（原MBA）2009 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明文，摘自2008 年6 月26 日The New York Times。

文章主要介绍了世界石油价格的变化的原因以及给世界带来的改变。

第一段主要介绍了近年来石油价格的上涨以及其背后的原因。

第二、三段主要介绍了石油价格的改变对国家相互之间的关系带来的影响。

第四、五段分别具体的介绍了世界石油价格的变化给德国与美国来带的影响。

二、试题分析1.【答案】C【解析】本题主要考查词义辨析和熟词生义，A 项come，B 项gone，D 项arrived 都表示“到，到达”的含义。

C项cross 意为“穿过”，这里是引申含义“突破”。

这句话指“价格已经突破100 美元每桶”，与上文的“16 美元一桶”做比较。

2.【答案】D【解析】本题考查动词与介词词组的搭配。

解题重点在于空后面的一个介词词组from …to…表示一个范围。

A 项covered 意为“覆盖”一般指地理范围；B 项discovered 发现；C 项arranged 安排；C 项D 项的动词都与介词词组搭配不合理。

D 项ranged 意为涉及的“范围延伸”。

与后面的from…to…搭配合理。

本句句意是：价格上涨的原因涉及从……到……，固定搭配range from A to B。

因此，选项D正确。

3.【答案】D【解析】本题的解答要根据上下文来推理，四个选项中A 项intensity 强度；B 项infinity；无穷大；C 项insecurity不安全；D 项instability 不安定，不稳定性。

后面说到了“伊拉克与尼日利亚的三角洲地区”，我们知道这两个地区的局势长期不稳定。

所以D 答案与此相符。

4.【答案】B【解析】本题考核的重点是与名词的搭配的相关动词，后面的宾语是一个名词结构，the economic and political做map 的定语，而of the world 做了map 的后置定语，所以中心词是map。

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机密★
厦门大学2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生
入学考试试题
科目代码：608
科目名称：写作与英汉互译
招生专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言
考生须知：答题必须使用黑（蓝）色墨水（圆珠）笔；不得在试题（草稿）纸上作答；凡未按规定作答均不予评阅、判分。

题型：I 汉译英II 英译汉III英语写作总分值：150 每小题分值：I.40 II.35 III.75 I. Translate the following two passages into English. (40 points)
A. Translate the following passage into English. (20 points)
孙子曰：凡先处战地而待敌者佚，后处战地而趋战者劳。

故善战者，致人而不致于人。

能使敌自至者，利之也；能使敌不得至者，害之也。

故敌佚能劳之，饱能饥之，安能动之。

出其所不趋，趋其所不意。

行千里而不劳者，行于无人之地也。

攻而必取者，攻其所不守也；守而必固者，守其所不攻也。

故善攻者，敌不知其所守；善守者，敌不知其所攻。

微乎微乎，至于无形，神乎神乎，至于无声，故能为敌之司命。

B. Translate the following passage into English. (20 points)
因此，一流大学的基础来自于校友的支持。

众所周知，校友当中潜藏着巨大的财富和宝贵的资源，校友离开母校之后，持续地关注母校，热爱母校，为母校的建设与发展贡献自己的力量是大学不断追求卓越的不竭动力。

校友队母校的支持有多种方式，校友遍及社会各行各业，是大学开展公共关系的重要支持力量；校友的社会经历、成长历程、工作业绩是对在校生进行人生指导的宝贵精神资源；校友以知识、智力等回报母校，是学校学科建设的重要支持力量；校友的直接捐赠，以及很多社会贤达、企业通过校友牵线给予学校的捐赠成为大学重要的资金来源之一。

II. Translate the following two passages into Chinese. (35 points)
A. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (20 points)
Scarlett heard the stairs groan and she got softly to her feet. When Mammy returned she would resume her lecture on Scarlett’s breach of hospitality, and Scarlett felt that she could not endure prating about such a trivial matter when her heart was breaking. As she stood, hesitant, wondering where she could hide until the ache in her breast subsided a little, a thought came to her, bringing a small ray of hope. Her father had ridden over to Twelve Oaks, the Wilkes plantation, that afternoon to offer to buy Dilcey, the broad wife of his valet, Pork. Dilcey was head woman and midwife at Twelve Oaks, and, since the marriage six months ago, Pork had devilled his master night and day to buy Dilcey, so the two could live on the same plantation. That afternoon, Gerald, his resistance worn thin, had set out to make an offer for Dilcey.
B. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points)
One of the difficulties which we have had to encounter in the practical administration of the Government consists in the adjustment of our revenue laws and the levy of the taxes necessary for the support of Government. In the general proposition that no more money shall be collected than the necessities of an economical administration shall require all parties seem to acquire. Nor does there seem to be any material difference of opinion as to the absence of right in the Government to tax one section of country, or one class of citizens, or one occupation, for the mere profit of another. “Justice and sound policy forbid the Federal Government to foster one branch of industry to the detriment of another, or to cherish the interests of one portion to the injury of another portion of our common country.” I have heretofore declared to my fellow-citizens that “in my judgment it is the duty of the Government to extend, as far as it may be practicable to do so, by its revenue laws and all other means within its power, fair and just protection to all of the great interests of the whole Union, embracing agriculture, manufacturers, the mechanics arts, commerce, and navigation”.
III. Writing. (75 points)
A. Writing task 1. (40 points)
Write an essay of 200-300 words to explain why students are turned off. Your writing will be scored according to:
(1)Linguistic proficiency;
(2)Structural propriety;
(3)Logical soundness;
(4)Insightfulness;
(5)Fluency (feel for the language, use of idioms, etc.)
B. Writing task 2. (35 points)
Please elaborate on the following saying with an essay of 300-400 words:
Brevity Is the Soul of Wit
You may argue either for or against the point stated in the saying. And your writing is to be evaluated according to its: insightfulness; expressiveness; and logical soundness.。