【最新考试题库及答案】考研基础英语试题
2023年考研英语二真题试卷+参考答案及解析【详细版】
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 ,upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. 19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet2.A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate3.A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially4.A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example5.A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional6.A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem7.A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides8.A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again9.A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed10.A.cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal11.A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease12.A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight13.A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense15.A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose16.A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden17.A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment18.A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable19.A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless20.A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter【1】B. profit 原文提到“小公司的CEO也挣到了大钱”。
2023考研英语真题及参考答案
2023考研英语真题及参考答案2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically1outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by local governments of2.The word ‘Caravanserai’ is a3of the Persian words ‘karvan’, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. The term caravan was used to4groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons,5merchants, travellers or pilgrims.From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the6of Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road7the possibility of being attacked by thieves or being8to extreme weather conditions. For this reason, Caravanserais were strategicallyplaced9they could be reached in a day’s travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal10point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road.11, those structures became important centres for cultural12and interaction with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs,13talking knowledge with them, greatly14the development of several civilisations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and15in the trade of goods along the Silk Road.16, it was frequently the first stop for merchants looking to sell their wares and17supplies for their own journeys. It is18that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,19only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in20.1. A. displayed B. occupiedC. locatedD. equipped2.A. privatelyB. regularly C. respectively D. permanently3. A. definition B. transition C. substitutionD. combination4. A. classify B. recordC. describeD. connect5. A. apart from B. instead ofC. such asD. along with6.A. constructionB. restoration C. impression D. evaluation7. A. doubtedB. facedC. accepted D. reduced8. A. assignedB. subjectedC. accustomed D. opposed9.A. so thatB. even if C. now that D. in case10. A. talking B. starting C. breakingD. meeting11. A. By the way B. On occasion C. In comparisonD. As a result12. A. heritage B. revivalC. exchangeD. status13. A. with regard to B. in spite ofC. as well asD. in line with14. A. completingB. influencingC. resuming D. pioneering15.A. aidedB. invested C. failed D. competed16. A. RatherB. IndeedC. Otherwise D. However17. A. go in for B. stand up for C. close in onD. stock up on18.A. believedB. predicted C. recalled D. implied19. A. until B. because C. unlessD. although20.A. ruinsB. debt C. fashion D. seriesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy, who sympathized with views of the energy sector, is resisting the proposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These would emphasize the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views. "They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion." says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education, "What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship."Such debate reflects fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch, the centres deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, "that does not mean it will be taught”, he says.Another issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages--such as earth and space sciences in high schools it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21. In paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned toA. forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.B. stress the consequences of climate change.C. indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting.D. draw the publics attention to energy shortages.22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?A. She exaggerates the existing panic.B. She denies the value of scientific work.C. She shows no concern for pre-teens.D. She expresses self-contradictory views.23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5A. climate education is insufficient at state public schools.B. policy makers have little drive for science education.C. Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.D. environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the USA. call for regular revision.B. require urgent application.C. have limited influence.D. cater to local needs.25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schoolsA. agree to major public demands.B. reflects teachers personal biases.C. may misrepresent the energy sector.D. can be swayed by external forces.Text 2Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there’s an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The State Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,” said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,” Taylor said.However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of a local association of realter. “A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,” Castle said, “and so it’s a cyclical effect.”Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, an expert on affordable housing policy. “I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. If it’s their vacation home anyway, and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?” Horn said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations. “I think the question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?” Horn said.At the end of , governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers. The bill requires every rentalhost to register with the state mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy. Boston took things even further, requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but “if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.”26. Which of the following is true of New England?A. Its housing supply is at a very low level.B. Its communities are in need of funding.C. Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.D. Its home prices are under strict control.27. The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended toA. curb short-term rental speculation.B. ensure the supply of cheap housing.C. punish illegal dealings in housing.D. allow a free short-term rental market.28. Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to supportA. further investment in local tourism.B. an increase in affordable housing.C. strict management of real estate agents.D. a favorable policy for short-term workers.29. What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?A. The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B. The efficient operation of the local housing market.C. The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D. The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.30. Horn holds that imposing registration requirements isA. an irrational decision.B. an unfeasible proposal.C. an unnecessary measure.D. an inadequate solution.Text 3If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit, the same may be true of The President’s Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House(PRH), a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year, when PRH confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level”. The trade magazineThe Booksellerreported that Waterstones branchmanagers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me: “Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock. We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since .”In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon Schuster—the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power,”says literary agent Andrew Lownie. “The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices.After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31. The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to presentA. an ongoing conflict.B. an intellectual concept.C. a prevailing sentiment.D. a literary phenomenon.32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?A. To make them easily noticeable.B. To comply with PRH’s requirement.C. To respond to PRH’s business move.D. To arrange them in a systematic way.33. What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?A. Their customers remain loyal.B. The credit limit will be removed.C. Their stock is underestimated.D. The book market is rather slack.34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A. Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.B. Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism.C. Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors’ books.D. Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie’s view?A. Small publishers ought to stick together.B. Big publishers will lose their dominance.C. The publishing industry is having a hard time.D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.Text 4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In , researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns,including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.The advent of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all — it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual- acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new “international”journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within thefirst year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.36. According to Paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined by________.A. how many citations their works contain.B. how many times their papers are cited.C. the prestige of the people they work with.D. the status they have in scientific circles.37.The support service consultancies tend to________.A. recommend journals to their clientsB. list citation patterns their clientsC. ask authors to include extra citationsD. advise contributors to cite each other38.The Function of the “milk cow” journals is to________.A. boost citation counts for certain authorsB. help scholars publish articles at low costC. instruct First-time contributors in citationD. increase the readership of new journals39.What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?A. It Fosters competition among citation providers.B. It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.C. It hinders the growth of “international” journals.D. It is established to prevent citation manipulation.40.What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?A. Take legal action.B. Demand an apology.C. Seek professional adviceD. Reveal their misconduct.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-H and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A, E and H have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Last year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies. Jackson snapped them on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conductedby the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.[B] Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts — and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular — came in the form of vivid photographs.[C] As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,” says Murphy.[D] Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the collision process that involved coating the plates with a chemical mixture, exposing them and developing the resulting images with a portable darkrooms. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposures times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment — several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of old faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members that the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions had written at length about stunning sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.[E] The well-documented Yellowstone journey officially began in Ogden, Utah on June 8, 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.[F]Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area’s riches, most Americans did not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.[G]The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872.[H] Perhaps most importantly, these images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)参考答案41-45：B F D C GPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) There has been some exploration around the use of AI in digital marketing. For example, AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to ‘speak’ to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data. (46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favorite celebrities, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.At the same time, AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites. AI can also provide a bridge between the need of the brand to communicate emotionally with the customer and identifying their rapidly changing needs. The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines, which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections, but also to a decrease in marketing personnel. (47)Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.By allowing AI to develop content some brand, marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative. (48)Algorithms used to simulate human interactions are creating many of those concerns, especially as no one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.For AI to be successful, data needs to be accessible, but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult.(49)If customers are not willing to share data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.Therefore, unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements.The use of AI may become somewhat restricted in the future. Not only can AI help to create the marketing content, but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers. Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, includingemails,social media posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate frequency. (50)The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing message in a way that is sensitive to the needs of target customers is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.46. 【参考译文】人工智能还可以用来识别出消费者生活方式的选择，包括他们的爱好、最喜欢的名人和时尚，从而通过社交媒体发布的营销信息来提供独特的内容。
2024考研英语试题及答案
2024考研英语试题及答案2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Part I Use of English (10 points)Directions: Read the text below and answer the questions by choosing the correct option marked A, B, C, or D.The world is changing rapidly, and so are the ways in whichwe work. The traditional 1 office environment is beingreplaced by a more flexible and 2 workplace. This shift has been driven by advancements in technology, which have made it possible for employees to work 3 from anywhere.1. A. static B. dynamic C. rigid D. flexible2. A. efficient B. comfortable C. productive D. diverse3. A. occasionally B. simultaneously C. effortlessly D. regularlyThe benefits of this new way of working are numerous. Employees can achieve a better 4 between work and life, which can lead to increased job satisfaction and 5 . Productivityis also likely to improve, as workers can create a work environment that is tailored to their 6 needs and preferences.4. A. balance B. contrast C. comparison D. ratio5. A. motivation B. confusion C. frustration D.disappointment6. A. individual B. collective C. social D. economicDespite these advantages, there are challenges that come with the new working model. One of the main issues is thepotential for 7 isolation, as employees may feel disconnected from their colleagues. To address this, companies are 8 exploring new ways to foster a sense of community and collaboration among remote workers.7. A. acute B. chronic C. temporary D. perpetual8. A. reluctantly B. cautiously C. actively D. passivelyIt is clear that the future of work is evolving. As we continue to adapt to these changes, it is important for both employers and employees to be 9 to the needs of the modern workforce and to embrace the 10 that come with it.9. A. responsive B. resistant C. oblivious D. indifferent10. A. opportunities B. obstacles C. drawbacks D. liabilitiesQuestions 1 to 10:1. C2. D3. C4. A5. A6. A7. A8. C9. A10. APart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the correct option marked A, B, C, or D.Text 1In recent years, the popularity of e-books has surged, leading to a significant decline in the sales of traditional printed books. However, despite the convenience andportability of e-books, many readers still prefer the tactile experience of holding a physical book. A new study has found that the sensory experience of reading a physical book can enhance the reader's ability to remember what they have read.The study, conducted by researchers at the University of California, compared the reading habits of two groups of people: one group read physical books, while the other reade-books. The results showed that those who read physical books had a better recollection of the content they had read compared to those who read e-books. The researchers believe that the physical act of turning pages and the feel of paper may contribute to a deeper engagement with the material.Questions 11 to 15 are based on Text 1.11. What is the main reason for the decline in sales of printed books?A. The rise of e-book popularity.B. The increase in the price of printed books.C. The lack of variety in printed books.D. The poor quality of printed books.12. What does the new study suggest about the reading of physical books?A. It is more enjoyable.B. It helps in better memory retention.C. It is more cost-effective.D. It is more environmentally friendly.13. What was the basis of the comparison made in the study?A. The number of books read.B. The reading speed of participants.C. The recollection of the content.D. The preference for e-books or physical books.14. What is the researchers' belief regarding the advantages of physical books?A. They are more durable.B. They offer a richer sensory experience.C. They are easier to carry around.D. They are more affordable.15. What can be inferred from the text about e-books?A. They are less engaging.B. They are more popular among younger readers.C. They are becoming increasingly expensive.D. They are more convenient but may affect memory.11. A12. B13. C14. B15. DText 2The concept of a "smart city" has been gaining traction globally. A smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic data collection sensors to supply information which is used to manage assets and resources efficiently. The goal is to improve the quality of life for citizens by making the city more。
2023年考研英语真题及解析
全国攻读硕士学位硕士入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not justin ways that emphasize competition. 4 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 8 ，publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16 else without feelingguilty and without letting the other participants 17 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.1. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice2. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance3. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure4. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because5. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance6. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed7. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise8. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense9. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging10. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple11. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation12. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security13. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely14. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short15. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if16. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something17. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone18. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand19. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking20. [A] capability [B] responsibility [C] proficiency [D] efficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game”of espionage—spying as a “profession.”These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-clic k spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes moneyby selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.21. The emergence of the Net has .[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to .[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the US[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probablymeans .[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .[A] straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25. Straitford is most proud of its .[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threateningadvances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statementsabout the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to .[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s .[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should .[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucksor other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.31. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikelybecause .[A] cost reduction is based on competition.[B] services call for cross-trade coordination.[C] outside competitors will continue to exist.[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.32. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the railindustry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that .[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.34. The word “arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those .[A] who work as coordinators.[B] who function as judges.[C] who supervise transactions.[D] who determine the price.35. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly causedby .[A] the continuing acquisition.[B] the growing traffic.[C] the cheering Wall Street.[D] the shrinking market.Text 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 yearsago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians —frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In , the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician,I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.36. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.37. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that .[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of.[A] strong disapproval [B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt [D] enthusiastic support39. In contras to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.[A] more flexibly [B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously [D] more reasonably40. The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.（41）Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（42）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political, science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is afield-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（43）The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.（44）Tylor d efined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.（45）Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept w hich makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay entitled in which you should1）describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2）point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章重要论述了教师们应当关注青少年在成长时期所经历旳情感、心智和生理上旳变化，并采用措施协助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
2024年全国研究生考试英语试卷
1、Which of the following is NOT a type of conditional sentence in English grammar?A. Zero conditionalB. First conditionalC. Second conditionalD. Absolute conditional (答案：D)2、In academic writing, which verb tense is typically used to describe actions or states that are generally true or always happening?A. Present simpleB. Past simpleC. Present continuousD. Future perfect (答案：A)3、Which phrase is used to express contrast between two ideas in a sentence?A. In spite ofB. Because ofC. Due toD. As a result of (答案：A)4、What is the purpose of a thesis statement in a research paper?A. To summarize the entire paperB. To provide background informationC. To state the main argument or point of the paperD. To list the sources used in the paper (答案：C)5、Which of the following is an example of a transitive verb?A. SleepB. ArriveC. WriteD. Laugh (答案：C)6、In a formal email, which of the following greetings is appropriate?A. Hey there!B. Hi,C. Dear [Recipient's Name],D. Yo! (答案：C)7、Which pronoun is used to refer to a non-specific person or thing, often used in general statements?A. OneB. TheyC. ItD. You (答案：A)8、Which of the following is a common mistake in sentence structure known as a "dangling modifier"?A. Walking to the park, the flowers were beautiful.B. After finishing her homework, she watched a movie.C. Seen from the top of the mountain, the view was breathtaking.D. Driving carefully, the car reached its destination. (答案：A)。
2023年考研英语真题及解析
1.[A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2.[A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3.[A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4.[A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5.[A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6.[A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7.[A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8.[A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9.[A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10.[A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11.[A] unconsciously[B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably12.[A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13.[A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14.[A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15.[A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16.[A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17.[A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18.[A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19.[A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20.[A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responsesbecame equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experienc e demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women .[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress[C] are more capable of avoiding stress[D] are exposed to more stress23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be .[A] domestic and temporary[B] irregular and violent[C] durable and frequent[D] trivial and random24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 5, Para. 5) shows that .[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expense s[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Response to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove t he author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept thepaper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money fromgovernment–funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (orhis employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybridsof these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses .[A] the background information of journal editing[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers[D] the traditional process of journal publication27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that .[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to .[A] cover the cost of its publication[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it[C] allow other online journals to use it freely[D] complete the peer-review before submission30. Which of the following best summarizes the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easily by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches ta ller now than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations—apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at t his genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist WilliamCameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5'9" for men, 5'4" for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today's data and feel fairly confident.”31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to .[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.[C] compare different generations of NBA players[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future .[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable35. The text intends to tell us that .[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern[B] human height is becoming even more predictable[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has alteredText 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significant, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong—and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, auth or of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravary of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to .[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37. We may infer from the second paragraph that .[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his .[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.Part BDirections:In the following text, some segments have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each ofthe numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)_______________.Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) _______________. Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43) _______________. Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on either side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) _______________. These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessa ry to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A&P as a Stateof Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45) _______________.Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times—and then again—working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences andcorrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B] After you have already and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrible, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that d escribed Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A&P” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring t o his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography，Darwin himself speaks of his intellectualpowers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his ownPart A51. Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CDin your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2023年全国硕士硕士招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析这是一篇议论文。
2023年考研英语(一)试题及答案
2023年考研英语(一)试题及答案2023年考研英语(一)试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer ma y be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the mon cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater socialsupport were less likely to e 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stressfrom the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others arethere to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased【答案】[D] increased14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] pared【答案】[B] associated15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] inthe way of [D] in the name of【答案】[A] in the face of17.[A] transfer [B] mit [C] attribute [D] return【答案】[C] attribute18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until【答案】[A] because19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases【答案】[C] remains20.[A] experiences [B] bines [C] justifies[D]influences【答案】[D]influencesSection II Reading prehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security inreturn undermines public support for the process. Andit should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, bined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is notyet clear how much more effective airline security has bee-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the gover____ent did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though theairlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheckis supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has beenPreCheck's fatal flaw. Uping reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of currentsecurity checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance ofcurrent security checks.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.23.The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.【答案】[A] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The gover____ent's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated SolutionText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have eruptedover construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our pla's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians andenviro____ents have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragileecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, withroots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon thatfirst brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we e from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore thestarry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical roleof astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.【答案】[A] its geographical features28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.30. The author's attitude toward choosing MaunaKea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.【答案】[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as aresult, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and theirability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets ofcriteria from health, education and civil societyengagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2023 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case withall countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , ine equality and theenviro____ent.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most mon method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as enviro____ental quality or education outes -all things that contribute to a person's sense ofwell-being.31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .【答案】[D] had a low opinion of GDP32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying lessattention to GDP .【答案】[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .【答案】[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the authorsuggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .【答案】[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .35.Which of the following is the best title forthe text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-being【答案】[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK LessonText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a pany seeking access to gover____ent.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor's decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must bemade of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.“ The basic pact underlying representative gover____ent,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“ assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to gover____ent. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a caign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in gover____ent transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, andinformation about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by gover____ent-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no promise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to ment on McDonnell's ethics.【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.39. Well-enforced laws in gover____ent transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access.40. The author's attitude toward the court'sruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive【答案】[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose.Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by mitting suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The ic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and wasfirst published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted plex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything ic or odd, submitted shortsketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wishlittle social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealedtheir background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caughtstealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working b oys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's impriso____ent and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, bines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D — 41. — 42. — 43. — 44. — B —45.【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international munication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.plex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a petitive advantage over their British counterparts in global panies andorganizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly -1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to -10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especiallyif there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote thelearning and very different operating enviro____ent. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象说明：在可预见的将来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2024年研究生考试-考研-考研英语一考试历年真题常考点试题3带答案
2024年研究生考试-考研-考研英语一考试历年真题常考点试题带答案（图片大小可任意调节）第1卷一.单选题(共20题)1._______ the movie I would have finished my paper last Sunday.A.In spite ofB. But forC.Because ofD. As for2.It is useful to science _______ the earth as an object in space.A.to considerB.which considersC.considersD.the consideration of3.The address book ________ the email addresses of your friends or groups of colleagues.A.makes it easy to recallB.makes it easy recallC.makes easy to recallD.makes recall it easy4.We were told that Sue would be ideal for the job, but she ________ badly when we talked to her.A. came acrossB.fell outC.looked toD.brought upmandB.convictionC.consentD. compromise6.It was three British sportsmen who ________ banned drugs.A.were catching takingB.caught to takeC.caught in takingD.were caught taking7.The farmer had to wear heavy boots in the winter because the fields were too wet and________.A. earthyB.solidC.dustyD. muddy8.If you want to find a decent location for your own home, ________ Mr. Smith for advice.A.turn toB.pass throughC. shut inD. write up9.Construction of the railways helped to develop the national _______ of Tanzania and Zambia.A.economicB.economiesC.economicsD.economical10.________ the concert had begun did we realize what a splendid show it was going to be.A.No soonerB.Only afterC.HardlyD. Scarcely11.After so many days without rain, the ground quickly ________ the little rain that fell last night.A.droppedB. floodedC.graspedD.absorbedA.a good dictionary should be boughtB. buying a good dictionary is necessaryC. you should buy a good dictionaryD. it is necessary that you will buy a good dictionary13.It ________ as a shock to realize that I was not alone in the room.A.cameB.appearedC.arrivedD. reached14.He thoroughly understood the society __________.A.He thoroughly understood the society __________.B.which had he grown upC.in which he had grown upD.he had grown up in it15.Each year in the United States, many black teenagers _______ of school, either because they cannot keep up or they have to work to support their family.A.go outB.drop outC.check outD. pull out16.The student found the novel _______. It provided him with so much information about the subject.A.enlighteningB.confusingC.frustratingD.delighting17.When I came through the customs at the airport, I had to pay ________ on a clock I had bought.A.taxesB.dutyC.finesD.fees18.In the future, more ______ should be placed on the education of the young.A.crisisD.emphasis19.Let's drink _______ Dicks' success in business.A. ofB.forC. toD. with20.She had clearly no ________ of doing any work, although she was very well paid.A.tendencyB.ambitionC. intentionD. willingness第2卷一.单选题(共20题)1.We must ______ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.A.assureB.secureC.ensureD.issue2.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning ________ the behavior of animals dependsmainly on instinct.A.soB.unlessC.ifD.while3.________ from the occasional late night party, our neighbors are very quiet.A.ApartB.ButC. ExceptD.AsA.pave the wayB.work wonderC. point outD.stand a chance5.We regret to ________ that it may not be possible to deal with every request.A. put offB.pass onC.help alongD.point out6.I bought this eighteenth century writing desk at a quite ________ price.A.reasonableB.cheapC.smallD.expensive7.The terrible noise is ______ me mad.A.turningB. settingC.drivingD.putting8.A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, _______ he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.A. ifB.whereverC.so thatD. whereas9.It's more ________ to buy a season ticket if you travel every day.A.cheapB.economicC.economicalD.saving10.As you like pop music, __________ I like literature.A.soB.thereforeC.as11.________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountains do not seem high at all.A.If you comparepare themC. When comparedD.A comparison12.________, John has been to several foreign countries.A.Even he is youngB.Young though he isC.In spite of he is youngD. Young is as he13.The problem ________ when the students refused to do their homework.A. aroseB.arousedC.roseD. raised14.I'm sorry I forgot to write; I had so much else ________ my mind.A.overB.forC. onD.about15.For the new country to survive, ________ for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.A.to name a fewB.let aloneC. not to speakD. let's say16.Since William had been seriously ill for several months, his parents were worried about________ to return to school full-time.A. he wantedB. he wantingC.him to wantD.his wanting17.General Motors, one of the world's largest auto manufacturers, is expanding its ________ in this country.C.locationD.residence18.She ________ her nervousness to the importance of the interview.A.contributedB.dedicatedC. distributedD. attributed19.I won't ________ those children making a noise in my house!A.allowB.letC.haveD.permit20.The opposition leaders ________ the government for not taking action sooner.A.warnedB.criticizedC.threatenedD.urged第1卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： B2.参考答案： C3.参考答案： A4.参考答案： A5.参考答案： C6.参考答案： D7.参考答案： D8.参考答案： A9.参考答案： C10.参考答案： B11.参考答案： D12.参考答案： D13.参考答案： A14.参考答案： C15.参考答案： B16.参考答案： A18.参考答案： D19.参考答案： C20.参考答案： C第2卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： A2.参考答案： D3.参考答案： A4.参考答案： A5.参考答案： D6.参考答案： A8.参考答案： B9.参考答案： A10.参考答案： C11.参考答案： C12.参考答案： B13.参考答案： A14.参考答案： C15.参考答案： B16.参考答案： D17.参考答案： B18.参考答案： D20.参考答案： B。
考研英语最新试题及答案
考研英语最新试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？A. 教育对于个人发展至关重要。
B. 技术进步是社会发展的主要驱动力。
C. 环境保护比经济发展更重要。
D. 政治稳定是经济增长的前提条件。
答案：A2. 文章中提到的“绿色经济”指的是什么？A. 以牺牲环境为代价的经济增长。
B. 以可持续发展为核心的经济模式。
C. 以减少资源消耗为目的的经济活动。
D. 以提高能源效率为核心的经济体系。
答案：B3. 作者认为解决环境问题的关键是什么？A. 政府的监管和干预。
B. 公众的环保意识。
C. 企业的社会责任。
D. 国际合作与交流。
答案：B4. 文章中提到的“循环经济”是如何定义的？A. 一种依赖于自然资源的经济模式。
B. 一种依赖于可再生资源的经济模式。
C. 一种依赖于资源循环利用的经济模式。
D. 一种依赖于资源消耗的经济模式。
答案：C5. 根据文章内容，以下哪项是作者对未来经济发展的预测？A. 经济发展将导致环境恶化。
B. 经济发展将促进环境保护。
C. 环境保护将阻碍经济发展。
D. 经济发展与环境保护将相互独立。
答案：B二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The world is facing a severe water shortage. It is estimated that by 2030, the demand for water will exceed the supply by a significant margin. This situation is particularly 6._______ in regions where water resources are limited.6. A. alarmingB. amusingC. annoyingD. appealing答案：A7. To address this issue, many countries have implemented water-saving measures, such as 7. _______ water prices and promoting water-saving technologies.7. A. increasingB. decreasingC. freezingD. stabilizing答案：A8. However, these measures alone are not enough. A more comprehensive approach is needed to 8. _______ the problem.8. A. tackleB. avoidC. ignoreD. postpone答案：A9. One possible solution is to invest in 9. _______ technologies that can recycle and purify wastewater.9. A. innovativeB. traditionalC. obsoleteD. experimental答案：A10. Additionally, public awareness campaigns should be launched to educate people about the importance of 10._______ water.10. A. conservingB. wastingC. consumingD. desalinating答案：A三、翻译（共20分，每题5分）1. 随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖于智能手机。
2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试卷与参考答案
2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Part A: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the options given below. There are twenty blanks in the passage. Each blank has four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.The rise of the Internet has 1 a significant impact on the way people 2 information. With just a few clicks, one can access a vast array of resources and 3 from around the world. However, this 4 in information access has also brought about challenges. Here is a story that illustrates the complexities of our digital age.In a small town, a young girl named Lily was 5 her studies. She was particularly 6 in learning about the world beyond her village. One day, while browsing the Internet, she stumbled upon an article about climate change. The article 7 her curiosity and she began to research further.Lily found a website that offered a variety of 8 on environmental issues. She spent hours reading about the effects of global warming and the importanceof sustainable practices. As she learned more, she felt 9 to make a difference in her community.10, Lily organized a local clean-up drive. She 11 her friends and neighbors to join her, and together they collected trash and cleaned up the local park. The event received 12 from the community, and it inspired others to take action.Despite the positive outcome, Lily realized that there was still much work to be done. She 13 to join a local environmental group to 14 her knowledge and skills. The group organized workshops and community outreach programs to educate people about environmental issues.As Lily continued her journey, she 15 that technology could be a double-edged sword. While it provided access to information, it also 16 distractions and could lead to 17 attention spans. She learned to balance her use of the Internet with other activities and discovered that 18 the right balance was crucial.One day, while 19 the news, Lily read about a global initiative to reduce plastic waste. She 20 the opportunity to participate and reached out to her environmental group. Together, they organized a campaign to promote the use of reusable bags and educate people about the impact of single-use plastics.1.A. A. resulted inB. B. contributed toC. C. led toD. D. caused2.A. gatherB. B. acquireC. C. searchD. D. seek3.A. experiencesB. B. perspectivesC. C. knowledgeD. D. insights4.A. increaseB. B. expansionC. C. surgeD. D. boost5.A. dedicated herself toB. B. immersed herself inC. C. focused onD. D. involved herself in6.A. enthusiastic aboutB. B. fascinated byC. C. interested inD. D. excited about7.A. sparkedB. B. ignitedC. C. arousedD. D. stimulated8.A. articlesB. B. resourcesC. C. materialsD. D. publications9.A. motivatedB. B. determinedC. C. inspiredD. D. encouraged10.A. SubsequentlyB. B. ConsequentlyC. C. EventuallyD. D. Immediately11.A. invitedB. B. encouragedC. C. persuadeD. D. asked12.A. supportB. B. recognitionC. C. enthusiasmD. D. appreciation13.A. decidedB. B. volunteeredC. C. attemptedD. D. agreed14.A. enhanceB. B. expandC. C. improveD. D. develop15.A. recognizedB. B. realizedC. C. acknowledgedD. D. admitted16.A. offeredB. B. providedC. C. causedD. D. resulted in17.A. shorterB. B. briefC. C. conciseD. D. limited18.A. findingB. B. maintainingC. C. achievingD. D. striking19.A. watchingB. B. listening toC. C. readingD. D. scanning20.A. seizedB. B. grabbedC. C. tookD. D. embracedAnswers:1.A. resulted in2.B. acquire3.C. knowledge4.C. surge5.A. dedicated herself to6.B. fascinated by7.A. sparked8.B. resources9.C. inspired10.C. Eventually11.A. invited12.B. recognition13.B. volunteered14.A. enhance15.B. realized16.C. caused17.A. shorter18.D. striking19.C. reading20.D. embraced二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:The Role of Technology in EducationEducation has always been a fundamental factor for societal development. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, it’s becoming increasingly clear that traditional methods of teaching are no longer sufficient to meet the needs of today’s digital natives. The integration of technology into education is not just about equipping students with computer skills; it’s also about transforming the way we teach and learn.One of the most significant benefits of technology in education is its ability to personalize learning experiences. Adaptive learning software cantailor educational content to the specific needs of each student, ensuring that every learner gets the support they require. Furthermore, online platforms provide access to a wealth of information and resources that would otherwise be unavailable to many students, particularly those in remote or underprivileged areas.However, critics argue that an over-reliance on technology might lead to a loss of essential human interaction and the development of social skills. There is also concern about the potential for increased screen time to have negative effects on children’s health and well-being. Despite these concerns, proponents of educational technology believe that if used correctly, it can enhance rather than detract from the educational experience.As technology continues to evolve, so must our approach to education. It is clear that there is a need for a balanced integration of traditional teaching methods with modern technological tools. Only by embracing this hybrid model can we ensure that future generations are adequately prepared for the challenges of the 21st century.Questions:1、What is the main argument presented in the passage regarding technology in education?A)Technology should replace traditional teaching methods.B)Technology should complement traditional teaching methods.C)Technology is detrimental to the educational process.D)Technology has no place in the classroom.Answer: B) Technology should complement traditional teaching methods.2、According to the passage, what is one of the advantages of using technology in education?A)It increases the amount of homework students receive.B)It personalizes learning experiences for individual students.C)It makes traditional teaching methods obsolete.D)It decreases the need for teachers in the classroom.Answer: B) It personalizes learning experiences for individual students.3、What concern does the passage mention regarding the use of technology in education?A)It may cause a decrease in the use of textbooks.B)It might result in a lack of social interaction among students.C)It could lead to an increase in physical activity among students.D)It ensures that all students have equal access to information.Answer: B) It might result in a lack of social interaction among students.4、How does the passage suggest that technology affects access to information?A)It limits access to information only to those who can afford it.B)It provides broader access to information for students in remote areas.C)It restricts the types of information available to students.D)It has no impact on how students access information.Answer: B) It provides broader access to information for students in remote areas.5、What does the passage imply about preparing future generations?A)They should rely solely on technology for learning.B)They should reject modern educational tools in favor of traditional ones.C)They should be taught using a combination of traditional and modern methods.D)They should focus exclusively on developing social skills without technology.Answer: C) They should be taught using a combination of traditional and modern methods.第二题Reading PassageIn the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the way people lived and worked. This period of rapid industrialization led to the development of factories, the mass production of goods, and a shift from an agrarian society to an urban one. The following article discusses the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society and the environment.The Impact of the Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, was a period of profound economic and social change in Europe and North America. It was marked by the transition from hand production methods to machines, and by the introduction of new chemical, iron, steel, and coal industries. This transition had a profound impact on the lives of people, and it brought about both positive and negative consequences.One of the most significant impacts of the Industrial Revolution was the urbanization of society. As factories were built in cities, people moved fromrural areas to urban centers in search of work. This led to the growth of cities and the creation of slums, where many workers lived in poor conditions. The overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in these areas contributed to the spread of diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis.Another consequence of the Industrial Revolution was the degradation of the environment. The burning of coal and the release of pollutants into the air and water led to air and water pollution, which had serious health implications for people and animals. The deforestation and soil erosion that resulted from the expansion of industrial activities also had a detrimental effect on the natural landscape.Despite these negative impacts, the Industrial Revolution also brought about many positive changes. The mass production of goods led to a significant increase in the standard of living for many people. The development of new technologies, such as the steam engine and the telegraph, improved communication and transportation, making the world a smaller place. Additionally, the Industrial Revolution led to the rise of the middle class, which had a profound impact on social and political structures.Questions:1、What was one of the most significant impacts of the Industrial Revolution on society?A. The decline of agricultureB. The urbanization of societyC. The decrease in populationD. The increase in unemployment2、Why did people move to urban centers during the Industrial Revolution?A. To pursue higher educationB. To enjoy the culture of the citiesC. To seek better job opportunitiesD. To avoid the diseases prevalent in rural areas3、What was a negative consequence of the Industrial Revolution on the environment?A. The increase in agricultural productivityB. The improvement of air qualityC. The reduction of deforestationD. The decline in water pollution4、How did the Industrial Revolution affect the standard of living for many people?A. It led to a decrease in living standardsB. It resulted in a significant increase in living standardsC. It had no significant impact on living standardsD. It caused a mixed impact on living standards5、What was one of the social and political impacts of the Industrial Revolution?A. The strengthening of the monarchyB. The rise of the middle classC. The fall of the aristocracyD. The abolition of slaveryAnswers:1、B2、C3、D4、B5、B第三题Once upon a time, in a small village nestled between rolling hills, there lived an old man named Mr. Brown. Mr. Brown was a kind-hearted and wise man, known throughout the village for his stories and his ability to solve problems with a unique perspective. The villagers would often gather at his house after the day’s work to listen to his tales, which were always filled with lessons and moral values.One evening, a young man named Tom approached Mr. Brown. Tom had heard about Mr. Brown’s wisdom and sought his advic e on a difficult situation. Tom was facing a choice between a lucrative job offer in a big city and staying close to his family and friends in the village.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The beauty of the villageB. The wisdom of Mr. BrownC. The challenges of modern lifeD. The importance of family2、Why did Tom go to see Mr. Brown?A. To ask for help with his studiesB. To discuss the village’s problemsC. To seek advice on a difficult decisionD. To compete with Mr. Brown in a storytelling contest3、What was the young man’s main dilemma?A. Whether to move to the city or stay in the villageB. How to become a successful businessmanC. What to do with his old houseD. How to improve the village’s economy4、What is the purpose of Mr. Brown’s stories in the passage?A. To entertain the villagersB. To teach moral values and lessonsC. To promote tourism in the villageD. To showcase his own wisdom5、According to the passage, what does Mr. Brown represent to the villagers?A. A source of entertainmentB. A mentor and counselorC. A competitor in storytellingD. A symbol of wealth and powerAnswers:1、B2、C3、A4、B5、B第四题Passage:In recent years, the rise of e-books has sparked a debate about the future of traditional books. While many argue that e-books will eventually replace printed books, others believe that the traditional book format will continue to thrive. This article explores the arguments on both sides and examines the potential impact of e-books on the publishing industry.1.The article mentions that the debate over e-books versus traditional books is a topic of great concern. What is the main reason for this debate?A. The declining sales of printed booksB. The increasing popularity of e-readersC. The potential impact on the publishing industryD. The environmental concerns of paper usage2.The passage states that some people believe e-books will eventually replace printed books. What is the primary reason for this belief?A. The convenience of e-booksB. The lower cost of e-booksC. The environmental benefits of e-booksD. The potential for interactive content in e-books3.According to the article, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential disadvantage of e-books?A. The lack of tactile experienceB. The potential for screen fatigueC. The ease of copying and distributing contentD. The limited availability of e-books in some regions4.The article discusses the role of traditional books in the education system. What does the author suggest about the importance of physical books in education?A. They are becoming less importantB. They are essential for learningC. They are being replaced by digital resourcesD. They are being ignored by modern students5.The author concludes the article by discussing the future of the publishing industry. What does the author imply about the industry’s ability to adapt to the rise of e-books?A. The industry will struggle to adaptB. The industry will thrive regardless of e-booksC. The industry will adapt and evolveD. The industry will disappear due to e-booksAnswers:1.C2.A3.C4.B5.C三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Passage:The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way we shop and conduct business. Online shopping has become increasingly popular due to its convenience, variety, and competitive prices. As a result, traditional brick-and-mortar stores are facing stiff competition and are forced to adapt to the digital world. This essay explores the impact of e-commerce on the retail industry and discusses the challenges and opportunities it presents.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of online shoppingB) The decline of traditional storesC) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industryD) The challenges faced by brick-and-mortar stores2.According to the passage, why is online shopping becoming more popular?A) It is more expensive than shopping in physical stores.B) It is only available during specific hours.C) It offers a wider variety of products.D) It requires customers to physically visit a store.3.What is the main challenge that traditional stores are facing?A) The lack of competitive prices.B) The limited selection of products.C) The stiff competition from e-commerce.D) The difficulty in adapting to digital technology.4.The passage suggests that traditional stores need to do what in order to survive?A) Offer the lowest prices.B) Close their physical locations.C) Embrace e-commerce and digital technology.D) Focus solely on online sales.5.How does the passage conclude the impact of e-commerce on the retail industry?A) E-commerce will eventually replace all traditional stores.B) Traditional stores will need to adapt to e-commerce or risk extinction.C) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industry is negligible.D) E-commerce will only benefit large corporations and not small businesses.Answers:1.C) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industry2.C) It offers a wider variety of products.3.C) The stiff competition from e-commerce.4.C) Embrace e-commerce and digital technology.5.B) Traditional stores will need to adapt to e-commerce or risk extinction.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.中文段落：研究生考试是许多中国学生梦寐以求的机会，它不仅为他们提供了一个深造和提升自身能力的机会，而且也是实现个人职业目标的重要途径。
英语基础考研题目及答案
英语基础考研题目及答案### English Proficiency Test for Postgraduate Entrance: Practice Questions and Answers#### Section A: Vocabulary and GrammarQuestion 1: Choose the correct word to fill in the blank. The scientist's new theory has been widely ______ by the academic community.a) embracedb) rejectedc) ignoredd) disputedAnswer: a) embracedQuestion 2: Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition.The company's profits have increased significantly ______ the past year.Answer: in#### Section B: Reading ComprehensionPassage 1:The article discusses the impact of technology on education. It highlights how the integration of digital tools hastransformed the learning process, making it more interactive and personalized. The author also addresses concerns about the potential loss of human touch in teaching.Question 1: According to the passage, what is the primary benefit of integrating technology into education?a) Increased cost-efficiencyb) Enhanced student engagementc) Greater accessibilityd) Improved teacher-student interactionAnswer: b) Enhanced student engagementQuestion 2: What concern does the author mention regarding the use of technology in classrooms?a) The potential for distractionb) The risk of cyberbullyingc) The possibility of a loss of human touchd) The challenge of maintaining privacyAnswer: c) The possibility of a loss of human touch#### Section C: WritingTask: Write an essay discussing the role of social media in modern society. Consider the advantages and disadvantages.Sample Answer:Social media has become an integral part of modern society, serving as a platform for communication, information sharing, and social networking. On one hand, it has democratized theflow of information, allowing individuals to access news and engage in global conversations instantly. It has also provided a space for self-expression and creativity, with users sharing their thoughts, art, and experiences.However, the pervasiveness of social media also brings challenges. It can lead to the spread of misinformation and has been linked to mental health issues such as anxiety and depression due to the pressure to maintain a certain image online. Additionally, the addictive nature of social media platforms can distract individuals from real-lifeinteractions and responsibilities.In conclusion, while social media offers numerous benefits, it is crucial to approach it with a critical eye and a balanced perspective to mitigate its potential negative impacts.#### Section D: Listening ComprehensionQuestion 1: Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer.What is the main topic of the conversation?a) Planning a vacationb) Discussing a business proposalc) Talking about a new movied) Arguing about a political issueAnswer: b) Discussing a business proposalQuestion 2: What is the man's opinion about the proposal?a) He is in favor of it.b) He is against it.c) He is undecided.d) He is not interested.Answer: a) He is in favor of it.Please note that the above content is a fictional representation of a postgraduate entrance English proficiency test and is provided for illustrative purposes only.。
考研英语2024真题试卷
考研英语2024真题试卷考研英语试卷一、听力部分（共30分）A节（共15分）1. 听短对话，选择最佳答案。
（共5题，每题1分）- 问题1：What is the man going to do this weekend?A. Go to the library.B. Visit his parents.C. Work on a project.2. 听长对话，选择最佳答案。
（共5题，每题2分）- 问题1：What is the main topic of the conversation?A. A job interview.B. A travel plan.C. A birthday party.B节（共15分）1. 听短文，选择最佳答案。
（共5题，每题3分）- 问题1：What is the speaker mainly talking about?A. The importance of environmental protection.B. The impact of technology on daily life.C. The benefits of regular exercise.二、阅读部分（共40分）A节（共20分）1. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
（共4篇，每篇5题，每题5分）- 文章1：The Impact of Social Media on Youth问题1：What is the author's opinion on social media?A. It is beneficial for young people's development.B. It has a negative impact on young people's mental health.C. It is a necessary part of modern life.D. It should be used with caution.B节（共20分）1. 阅读下列长文章，回答相关问题。
2024考研试题英语
1、In recent years, online learning has gained significant popularity due to its flexibility and accessibility. What does "flexibility" in this context refer to?A. The ability to bend or be bent easily.B. The quality of being adaptable or variable.C. The state of being uncertain or changeable.D. The characteristic of being strict or inflexible.（答案：B）2、The research team conducted a study on the effects of social media on mental health. They found that excessive use of social media _____ lead to feelings of loneliness and depression.A. canB. mustC. needD. should（答案：A）3、Sarah is considering _____ a new car because her current one is too old and unreliable.A. buyingB. to buyC. boughtD. buy（答案：A）4、The manager emphasized the importance of _____ teamwork and communication in order to achieve the company's goals.A. improvingB. to improveC. improvedD. improve（答案：A）5、The company's decision to invest in renewable energy sources indicates its _____ towards environmental sustainability.A. commitmentB. competitionC. compromiseD. comparison（答案：A）6、The new policy aims to reduce the _____ of plastic waste in the oceans by promoting recycling and banning single-use plastics.A. amountB. numberC. dealD. lot（答案：A）7、The scientist's groundbreaking discovery has the potential to _____ the way we understand the universe.A. revolutionizeB. recognizeC. rememberD. replace（答案：A）8、The company's success can be attributed to its _____ marketing strategies and innovative products.A. effectiveB. affectionC. effectD. affect（答案：A）9、The report highlights the need for immediate action to address the issue of climate change, which is becoming _____ with each passing year.A. more urgentB. most urgentC. the most urgentD. much urgent（答案：A）10、The government has implemented new regulations to ensure the _____ of personal data in the digital age.A. privacyB. privateC. privatelyD. privatization（答案：A）。
考研英语科目试题及答案
考研英语科目试题及答案一、阅读理解1. 阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
In recent years, the concept of a "work-life balance" has gained significant attention in the workplace. The idea is that employees should have a balance between their work and personal life, which can lead to increased productivity and overall happiness.问题：根据短文，"work-life balance" 指的是什么？答案： "work-life balance"指的是员工应该在工作和个人生活之间保持平衡。
2. 阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
The impact of technology on education cannot be underestimated. With the advent of the internet and digital devices, learning has become more accessible and interactive.问题：根据短文，技术对教育的影响是什么？答案：技术使教育变得更加可接近和互动。
二、完形填空3. 阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
In a world where technology is advancing at an unprecedented rate, it is more important than ever to stay informed. The internet has become a _______ source of information.A. reliableB. primaryC. secondaryD. tertiary答案： B4. 阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
考研英语基础试题及答案
考研英语基础试题及答案一、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）1. According to the passage, what is the primary reason for the decline in honeybee populations?A) The use of pesticides in agriculture.B) The loss of natural habitats.C) The spread of a new disease.D) The impact of climate change.答案：B2. What does the author suggest about the impact of the decline in honeybee populations?A) It will lead to a significant reduction in crop yields.B) It will have little effect on the food supply.C) It will cause a rise in food prices.D) It will result in a decrease in the variety of food available.答案：A3. What is the main argument of the passage?A) The importance of honeybees in agriculture.B) The causes of honeybee population decline.C) The consequences of the decline in honeybee populations.D) The need for immediate action to protect honeybees.答案：D4. What does the author imply about the current situation regarding honeybee populations?A) It is improving.B) It is stable.C) It is worsening.D) It is uncertain.答案：C5. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To persuade readers to support honeybee conservation efforts.B) To inform readers about the honeybee population decline.C) To argue for more research into the causes of honeybee decline.D) To suggest solutions to the honeybee population decline.答案：A二、完形填空（每题1分，共15分）In recent years, there has been a significant decline in the number of honeybees, which play a crucial role in the pollination of many crops. The loss of these insects could have a profound impact on the food supply. Experts have identified several factors contributing to this decline, including the use of pesticides, habitat loss, and disease. It is essential to take immediate action to protect these vital pollinators.6. In recent years, there has been a significant decline inthe number of honeybees, which play a crucial role in the______ of many crops.A) cultivationB) productionC) pollinationD) harvesting答案：C7. The loss of these insects could have a profound impact on the ______ supply.A) waterB) energyC) foodD) air答案：C8. Experts have identified several factors contributing to this decline, including the use of ______, habitat loss, and disease.A) fertilizersB) pesticidesC) chemicalsD) herbicides答案：B9. It is essential to take immediate action to protect these vital ______.A) pollinatorsB) predatorsC) decomposersD) consumers答案：A三、翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共10分）10. The study of honeybees has provided valuable insightsinto their complex social behavior and communication methods.答案：对蜜蜂的研究为我们提供了关于它们复杂社会行为和交流方式的宝贵见解。
考研英语测试基础试题及答案
考研英语测试基础试题及答案Part I: Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Then answer the questions on the answer sheet.Passage 1The concept of "work-life balance" has become increasingly popular in recent years. It refers to the equilibrium between time allocated to work and other aspects of life, such as leisure activities, spending time with family and friends,and personal hobbies. Many people believe that achieving a good work-life balance is essential for overall well-beingand happiness.However, achieving this balance is not always easy. Long working hours, job insecurity, and the increasing demands of employers can all contribute to an imbalance. Moreover, the rise of technology has blurred the lines between work and personal life, with many employees feeling the need to be constantly connected to work, even during their personal time.Question 1: What does the term "work-life balance" refer to?A) The amount of money earned from workB) The division of time between work and personal activitiesC) The physical health of employeesD) The social status of an individual's jobQuestion 2: Why is achieving a good work-life balance considered important?A) It increases productivity at workB) It is essential for overall well-being and happinessC) It reduces the need for leisure activitiesD) It lowers the demands of employersSection BDirections: The following questions are based on a close reading of the passage or the longer narrative or expository prose.Passage 2In the field of environmental science, the term "sustainability" is of paramount importance. It implies meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This involves a careful consideration of the use of natural resources and the impact of human activities on the environment.One of the key challenges in achieving sustainability is the rapid growth of the global population. As more people require food, water, and energy, the strain on the planet's resources increases. Additionally, the pursuit of economic development often leads to the exploitation of these resources, which canhave long-term detrimental effects on the environment.Question 3: What does the term "sustainability" mean in the context of environmental science?A) The rapid growth of the global populationB) The use of technology to solve environmental problemsC) Meeting current needs without harming the future's ability to meet their needsD) The exploitation of natural resources for economic gainQuestion 4: What is one of the main challenges to achieving sustainability?A) The decrease in global populationB) The protection of endangered speciesC) The rapid growth of the global populationD) The lack of technology in developing countriesPart II: Vocabulary and Structure (词汇与结构)Section ADirections: For each numbered blank in the following passage, choose the appropriate answer from the four options (A, B, C, or D) given below and mark your answer on the answer sheet.Passage 3Despite the recent advancements in technology, many people still prefer to read physical books rather than digital ones. There is something about the __51__ of holding a book and turning its pages that cannot be replicated by a screen.Moreover, physical books __52__ a sense of accomplishment as one progresses through them, which is often __53__ in digital reading experiences.51. A) texture B) concept C) feature D) notion51. Answer: A) texture52. A) convey B) provide C) offer D) supply52. Answer: B) provide53. A) absent B) missing C) lacking D) deficient53. Answer: A) absentSection BDirections: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given in parentheses. Write the word that best completes the sentence on the answer sheet.Passage 4Volunteering one's time to help others can be a __54__ experience, providing personal satisfaction and a sense of community. It is an act of kindness that not only __55__ the lives of those being helped but also enriches the __56__ of the volunteer.54. A) rewarding B) punishing C) tedious D) frustrating54. Answer: A) rewarding55. A) affects B) impacts C) influences D) changes55. Answer: B) impacts56. A) life B) existence C) living D) lifestyle56. Answer: A) lifePart III: Cloze Test (完形填空)Directions: For each blank in the passage, choose the best answer from the four options (A, B, C, or D) and mark your answer on the answer sheet.Passage 5The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. It has made information more accessible than ever before, allowing people to __61__ a wide。
基础英语二考研真题及答案
基础英语二考研真题及答案基础英语二考研真题及答案在备考考研英语的过程中，了解和熟悉真题是非常重要的。
基础英语二是考研英语的一部分，它涵盖了词汇、语法、阅读理解等内容。
本文将为大家介绍一些基础英语二的真题及答案，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
一、词汇词汇是英语学习的基础，也是考研英语中的重要一环。
下面是一道基础英语二的词汇题：1. The word "______" means to make something more attractive or interesting.A) decorateB) illustrateC) modifyD) beautify答案：D) beautify解析：根据题干中的关键词"attractive"和"interesting"，可以推断出这个词的意思是"使某物更有吸引力或更有趣"。
根据选项，只有D) beautify符合题意。
二、语法语法是考研英语中的重点内容，掌握好语法规则对于备考非常重要。
下面是一道基础英语二的语法题：2. Choose the correct sentence.A) I have been studying English for five years.B) I have studied English for five years.C) I am studying English for five years.D) I studying English for five years.答案：A) I have been studying English for five years.解析：根据题意，我们需要选择一个正确的句子来表达"我已经学习英语五年了"。
根据英语的时态规则，我们可以知道正确的答案是A) I have been studying English for five years。
2024年考研英语(一)真题及解析【版本一】
2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for eachnumbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)There's nothing morewelcoming than a door opening for you. the need tobe touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl.They 5 as anovelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly 7 in busy locations or during times ofemergency,the doors 8 Crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 2 the way for a large, sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 3 specific signals to tell them when toopen. 14 these methods differ,theman 15 remain the same.Each automatic door system 16 the light,sound weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in 18 a busy street might not 19 a motion-sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure sensitive mat would be more 20 to limit the surveyed area.1.[A]Through [B]Despite [C]Besides [D]Without2.[A]revealing [B]demanding [C]improving [D]tracing3.[A]experience [B]convenience [C]guidance [D]reference4.[A]previously [B]temporarily [C]successively [D]eventually5.[A]held on [B]started out [C]settled down [D]went by6.[A]relations [B]volumes [C]benefits [D]sources7.[A]useful [B]simple [C]flexible [D]stable8.[A]call for [B]yield to [C]insist on [D]act as9.[A]As well as [B]In terms of [C]Thanks to [D]Rather than10.[A]connected [B]shared [C]represented [D]occupied11.[A]allow [B]expect [C]require [D]direct12.[A]adopt [B]lead [C]clear [D]change13.[A]adapting to [B]deriving from [C]relying on [D]pointingat14.[A]Once [B]Since [C]Unless [D]Although15.[A]records [B]positions [C]principles [D]reasons16.[A]controls [B]analyses [C]produces [D]mixes17.[A]decorate [B]compare [C]protect [D]complement18.[A]In conclusion [B]By contrast [C]For example [D]Above all19.[A]identify [B]suit [C]secure [Djinclude20.[A]appropriate [B]obvious [C]impressive [D]delicateSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each textby choosing A,B,C or D. Mark youranswerson the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Nearly 2000 years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 ina four-metre-deeppit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn't want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon- grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts,early 17th- century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate. Thiswas an attempt to recover thevaluable nails,which could be reused after sifting the ashes. The idea that one might bum down an entire housejust to reclaimthe nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuable the simple-seemingtechnology was.The price ofnails fell by 90%between the late 1700s and mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel pointsout in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufactures who simply found more efficient ways to tum steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over theyears,but Sichel studied them becausethey havent changed much.Roman lamps and Roman chariotsare very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports carssince 1695,but to ask the samequestion of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects:their price.I am an economist,after all.After writing two books about the history of inventions,one thing Ive leant is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it'sthecheap technologies that change the worldThe Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost-and it would haveachieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap;now they are transforming the global energy system.21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of[A]saving them for futureuse[B]keeping them from rusting[C]letting them grow in value[D]hiding them from the locals22.The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to[A]highlight thethriftiness of early American colonists[B]illustratethe high status of blacksmiths in that period[C]contrastthe attitudes of different civilisations toward nailsD]show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?[A]Increased productivity.[B]Wider use of new energies[C]Fiercer market competition.[D]Reduced cost of raw materials.24.It can be leamed from Paragraph 5 that nails[A]have undergone many technological improvements[B]have remained basically the same since Roman times[C]are less studied than other everyday products[D]are oneof the world's most significant inventions25.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?[A]Cheap technologiesbring about revolutionary change.[B]Technological innovation is integral to economic success.[C]Technology defines people's understanding of theworld.[D]Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.Text 2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherersin Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to lookafter younger ones and 'baby-we aring”,in which infants are carried in slings,is considered the nomAccording to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices,Knownas alloparenting,could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.Dr Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.In Germany,one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery.The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children indifferent school years to miror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherercommunities.In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiaty,researchers said thatthe westerm nuclear family was a recent invention which family broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an"intensive mothering narrative",which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful.“Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,"they wrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care.One previous study lookedat the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eighttimes an hour.Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans'evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression,which co uld have a“knock-on”benefit to a child's wellbeing.An infant bom to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers -this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.While hunter-gatherer children leant from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that westen“instructive te aching”,where pupils areasked to sit still, maycontribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents “might also enhance their own social development.”26.According to the first two paragraph,alloparenting refers to the practice of[A]sharing child care among community members[B]assigning babies to specific adult caregivers[C]teaching parenting details to older children[D]carrying infants aroundby their parent27.The scheme in Gemany is mentioned to illustrate[A]an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication[B]an approach to integrating alloparenting into western culture[C]the conventional parenting style in western culture[D]the differences between westem African ways of living28.According to Paragraph 4,the *intensive mothering narrative[A]alleviate parenting pressure[B]considerate family relationships[C]results in the child-centered family[D]departs from the course of evolution29.According to paragraph 6,what can we lean about nursery in the UK?[A]They tend to fall short of official requirements.[B]They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.[C]They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.[D]They should tryto prevent parental depression.30.Which of the following would be the best title?[A]Instructive teaching:a dilemma for anxious parents[B]For ahappier family,leam from the hunter-gatherers[C]Mix-aged playgroup,a better choice for lonely children[D]Tracing the history of parenting:from Africa to EuropeText 3Rutkowski is a Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes.He has made illustrations for games such as Sony's Horizon Forbidden West, Ubisoft's Anno,Dungeons&Dragons,and Magic:The Gathering.And he'sbecome a sudden hit in the new world oftext-to-image AI generation.His distinctivestyleis now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion,which was launched late last month.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in “Wizard with sword anda glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,"and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away fromworks in Rutkowski's style.But theseopen-source programs are built by scraping images from the Internet,often without permission and proper attribution to artists.As a result,they are raising tricky questions about ethics andcopyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Some of the world's most famous artists,such as Michelangelo,Pablo Picasso,and Leonardo da Vinci, brought up around 2,000 prompts each or less.Rutkowski's name also features as a prompt thousands of times in the Discord of another text-to-image generator,Midjourmey.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reachnew audiences.Then he tried searchingfor his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.Theonline search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn't his.“It's been just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out there because [the intermet]will be flooded with AI art,“Rutkowski says.“That's concerning.”“There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,"says Ortiz.The group is in its early days of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestionis that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.31.What can be leamed about Rutkowski from the firsttwo paragraphs?[A]He is enthusiastic about AI generation painting[B]Heis popular with the users of an AIart generator.[C]He attracts admiration from otherillustrators.[D]He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32.The problem with open-source AIart generators is that they[A]lack flexibility in responding to prompts[B]produce artworks inunpredictable styles[C]make unauthorizeduse of online images[D]collect user information without consent33.After searching online,Rutkowski found[A]a unique way to reach audiences[B]a new method to identify AI images[C]AI-generated work bearinghis name[D]heated disputes regarding his copyright34.According to Ortiz,AI companies are advised to[A]campaign fornew policies or regulations[B]offer their services topublic institutions[C]strengthen their relationships with AI users[D]adopt a different strategy for AI model training35.What is the text mainlyabout?[A]Artists'responses to Al art generation.[B]AI's expanded role in artistic creation.[C]Privacy issues in the application of Al.[D]Opposing views on AI development.Text 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh and saline water and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water, and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the US Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the EPA far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways. Specifically,a54 majority decided that wetlandsprotected by the EPA under it Clean Water Act authority must havea “continuous surface connection”to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators and othercommercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries “significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the US,"as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay. The reality is that water and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64000-square-mile watershed that extends to Virginia, Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett V.EPA?Perhaps some,butall? That seems unlikely.It is tooeasy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing upfor the rights of landowners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's reminder that they EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year 's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their felds,yet the runof into nearby creeks can have enormous impacts downstreamAnd so we would also call on state lawmakers from Richmond toAlbany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protectionsand see for themselves the enormous stakes involved. We can't offer them a trip to the Chesapeake Bay model.It's been gone since the 1980s but perhapsa visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where American bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive.36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph 1 as[A]a value natural environment[B]a controversial conservation area[C]a place with commercial potential[D]a headache for nearby communities37.The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in the Idaho case[A]reinforceswater pollution control[B]weakens the EPA's regulatory power[C]will endconflicts amonglocalresidents[D]may faceopposition fromminingoperators38.How does the author feel about the future of the Chesapeake Bay?[A]Worried.[B]Puzzled.[C]Relieved.[D]Encouraged.39.What can be inferred about the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?[A]It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.[B]It has triggered aradical reform in commercial fisheries.[C]It hasset a fine example of respecting state authorities.[D]It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should[A]be cautious about the influence of landowners[B]attach due importance to wetlands protections[C]recognize the need to expandwildlife refuges[D]improve the wellbeing of endangered speciesPart BDirections:Read the following comments on a report about American museums returning artifacts to their countries of origin and a list of statements summarizing thecomments.Choosethe best statement from the list A-G foreach numbered name (41—45).There are two extra choices which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)(41) HannahSimply,there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel tothe Smithsonian Institution to see that part of theirhistory and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride.There is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they wereleft.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United Statesor elsewhere except ascurious objects.They cannot be comparedtoworks of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to placebypurchase.(42)BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced.Perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.The context of any exhibit ismore important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2,000 yearsold or 2 months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery.Again,thestory an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value of theobjects on display isa distant secondplace in importance.(43)SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum ofArt,I came across a magnificent15th-century Chinese sculpture.It inspired meto leam more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museums have the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to leam and understand the nature of theircreators.Having said that,I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should,in fact,be sanctionedas having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty.Stealing artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignityand spirit of their creators.(44) VictorAncient art that is displaced in foreign countriesshould be returned..(缺失)(45) JuliaTo those of you in the comments section,by all means,who are havingstrong feeling about artifactsbeing removed from cities in the US and Britain,I would ask you to consider..(缺失)[A]It is clear that countries of origin have never been compensated for stolen artifacts.[B]It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue againstreturning artifacts to their countries of origin.[C]Museum visitor can still leam as much from artifacts copies after the originals are retumed[D]Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authentic objects[E]The real value of artifacts can only be recognizedin their countries of origin rather than anywhere else.[F]Ways to get artifacts from othercountries mustbe decent and lawful.[G]Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin参考答案：41.E 42.C 43.F 44.G 45.BPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should bewritten clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)“Elephants never forget”—or so they say—and that piece of folkloreseems to have some foundation.The African savanna elephantalso known as the African bush elephant,is distributed across 37 African countries.(46) They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and are very good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of sight. Using tracking devices,researchers have shown that they have “remarkable spatial acuity”,when finding their way to waterholes,they headed off in exactly the right direction,on one occasion froma distance of roughly thirty miles.What is more,they almost always seem to choose the nearest water hole.(47)The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood,smell may well play a part.Elephants are very choosy eaters,but until recentlylittle wasknown about how they selected their food.(48)One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way,and they are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature. What is more,they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores —to the best food resources.The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely.They then set up a “food station”experiment,in which they gave elephants a series of choices based only on smell.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality ofthe trees within cach patch.Free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.参考译文：(46)它们有时跋涉六十多英里寻找食物或水，并且非常善于寻找其他大象的位置——即使它们不在视线范围内。
考研英语基础试题及答案
考研英语基础试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
短文一：In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has surged, making it a significant part of modern life. However, the convenience it brings also comes with issues such as thequality of products and after-sales service.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Online shopping is becoming increasingly popular.B. Online shopping has both advantages and disadvantages.C. The quality of products sold online is often a concern.D. After-sales service is a major challenge in online shopping.67. What can be inferred from the passage?A. People are less concerned about the quality of products.B. The convenience of online shopping is undeniable.C. The popularity of online shopping is decreasing.D. After-sales service is not a problem for online shoppers.答案：66. A67. B短文二：The advancement of technology has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate. Social media platforms have become an integral part of our daily lives, connecting people across the globe.68. What is the focus of the passage?A. The impact of technology on communication.B. The role of social media in daily life.C. The global reach of social media platforms.D. The negative effects of social media on society.69. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. Technology has had a negative impact on communication.B. Social media is essential for modern communication.C. People are becoming more isolated due to technology.D. The global reach of technology is limited.答案：68. B69. B二、完形填空（共10分，每题1分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。