英语中19种修辞手法和例句

I. Simile 明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比•这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性•

标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等.

例如：|

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had rise n to hear him crow.

2>.l wan dered Ion ely as a cloud.

3>.E in ste in only had a bla nket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

2. Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成.

例如：

1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

3. Metonymy 借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.

I. 以容器代替内容，例如：

1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2>.The room sat sile nt. 全屋人安静地坐着.

II. 以资料.工具代替事物的名称，例如：

Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

III. 以作者代替作品，例如：

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气，他们就用我的力气赚钱.

4.Synecdoche 提喻|

提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般.

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例如：

1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.（部分代整体）

他的厂里约有100名工人.

2>.He is the Newton of this century.（特殊代一般）

他是本世纪的牛顿.

3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. （整体代部分）

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.

5.Synaesthesia 通感，联觉移觉

这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，以感觉写感觉”比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的’微风过处送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声

似的”匚

例如：

1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily —like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）鸟儿落在树上，倾泻出百合花似的声音.

2>.Taste the music of Mozart. （用嗅觉形容听觉）品尝Mozart的音乐.

6. Pers oni ficati on 拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.

例如：

1>.The ni ght gen tly lays her hand at our fevered heads. （把夜拟人化）

2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods. （把鸟拟人化）

7. Hyperbole 夸张

夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..

例如：

1>.I beg a thousa nd pard ons.

2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

3>.Whe n she heard the bad n ews, a river of tears poured out.

8. Parallelism 排比，平行

这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似，意思相关，语气一致的短语.句子排列成串，形成一

个

整体. ____

例如：

1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one

can be perfectly

happy till all are happy.

2>.ln the days whe n all these things are to be an swered for, I sum mon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to an swer for them. In the days whe n all these things are to be an swered for, I sum mon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to an swer for them separately.

9. Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉，文雅的方法表达粗恶，避讳的话.

例如：

1>.He is out visit ing the n ecessary. 2>.His relation with his wife has not been

fortunate.

3>.De ng Xiaop ing passed away in 1997. （去世）

10. Allegory 讽喻，比方（原意 寓言”

建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。 这是- 希腊文的修辞法，意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述，具有双重性，表层含义与真正意味的是两回事

例如：

1>.Make the hay while the sun shin es.

表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草

真正意味：趁热打铁

2>.I t's time to tur n plough into sword.

表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑

11.Iro ny 反语

反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式

.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法，而在表扬时，则近乎 责难的说法 例如：

1>.It would be a fine thing in deed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）

2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

12. Pun 双关

双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义 ，借题发挥.作出多种解释，旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效 果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.

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例如：

1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

2>.A n ambassador is an hon est man who lies abroad for the good of his coun try.

3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.

13. Parody 仿拟

这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语，改动其中部分词语，从而使其产生新意的修辞.

例如：

1>.Rome was not built i n a day, nor in a year.

2>.A friend in n eed is a friend to be avoided.

14. Rhetorical question 修辞疑问（反问）

它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的

表示强烈否定，而 否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的

例如：

1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of no te? 2>.Shall we allow those un truths to go unan swered?

15. Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶

这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法

例如：

1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Rome more.

2>.You are stay in g; I am going.

3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.

16. Paradox 隽语

这是一种貌似矛盾，但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法，是一种矛盾修辞法..

例如：

1>.More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达

2>.The child is the father to the ma n.

（童年时代可决定人之未来）三岁看大，四岁看老。

仃.Climax 渐进法,层进法 他出去方便一下•

他与妻子关系不融洽•

种源于 ，而是以疑问为手段，取得修辞上的效果，其特点是：肯定问句 ，是