金融工程课后答案教学提纲
周爱民《金融工程》各章习题答案与提示
为：
，各自的标准差均为：
，
相互间的相关系数均为：
，
。
那么： 答案与提示
（1）含有25种股票的等权重资产组合 的期望收益和标准差是多少？
（2）构造一个标准差不大于43%的有 效资产组合所需最佳股票数量是多少?
（3）如果国库券的收益率为10%的话
/2100/12
第二章计算题
3、假设有两个证券A和B构成市场投 资组合，它们的期望收益率分别是10%和 15%，标准差分别是20%和28%，投资比 率分别是40%和60%，若两证券收益率的 相关系数为0.30，无风险利率为5%。那么
： 答案与提示
（1）由此而确定的资本市场线（ CML）的方程为何？
（2）并请由此画出CML？
/2101/12
第二章计算题
4、已知两种股票A和B，其在组合中的投 资份额分别为60%和40%，各自的期望收益率 分别为：15%和10%，各自的β系数分别为： 0.8和0.3，各自收益率的方差分别为：0.5和0.3 ，市场指数的方差为：0.4，试计算这两种股票 组成的投资组合的收？与 双M定理的条件有哪些是共同的？
4、组合分析的意义何在？托宾是如何 将其提升到整个投资领域中三个投资层次上 的分析技术的？
/1105/12
第二章思考题
5、什么是套利证券组合？为了得到无 风险的套利证券组合，我们如何消除因子 风险和非因子风险？
6、系数是可加的吗？证券市场线是可 加的吗？这两种可加是一样的吗？
/1108/12
第二章计算题
1、假定汇率为1（日元）=0.011（ 美元），黄金的美元价格为：100美元/ 每盎司，或者：10000日元/每盎司，如 果你有10000美元，你打算怎样套利? 答案与提示
金融工程专业金融工程教学大纲
教学大纲课程名称：金融工程课程号：10100172006年6月金融工程教学大纲（金融工程、00）（编写日期：2006年6月）一、开设学院：经济与金融学院二、教学对象：金融工程专业三、教学目的：金融工程是新型金融产品（包括金融工具和金融服务）和新型金融技术的设计、开发与实施，是利用金融技术和其他科学技术对金融问题的创造性解决。
金融工程学主要研究金融创新产品组合及其程序的设计、开发和运用，并对解决金融问题的创造性方法进行程式化的科学。
四、教学要求：通过金融工程学的学习应该掌握以下内容：（一）新型金融产品的开发主要应该掌握新型金融产品与金融工具开发的基本理论，包括金融工程研究的无套利均衡分析方论、金融资产特别是衍生资产的定价理论和金融工程新型产品和工具的风险管理理论。
掌握这些理论就可以设计各种各样的金融产品和工具。
（二）主要新型金融产品和金融工具主要掌握金融工程的四大类金融产品和工具，包括期货类金融产品和工具、期权类金融产品和工具、互换类金融产品和工具、远期类金融产品和工具。
了解这些金融产品和工具的基本性质和特征，了解它们的价格变化特征和风险状况。
（三）新型金融产品和工具的应用和创造性地解决各种金融问题研究金融工程的最终目的是能够利用金融工程学的理论和方法创造性地解决经济金融中的实际问题，比如利用新型金融产品规避各种金融风险，利用金融衍生工具套期保值等等。
五、教学课时及其分配：总学时：72学时。
六、考核：考核形式——期末考试；试卷结构——试题分为五大类型；题量——2个小时；分值分配——概念（20分）、填空（15分）、计算（20分）、简答（25分）、论述（20分）。
七、教材：《金融工程》郑振龙著，高等教育出版社，2003年。
八、主要参考书目：1.[英]洛伦兹•格利茨/著（唐旭/等译），《金融工程学》，经济科学出版社。
2.[美]约翰•马歇尔/等著（宋逢明/等译），《金融工程》，清华大学出版社。
3.宋逢明/著，《金融工程原理：无套利均衡分析》,清华大学出版社。
《金融工程》新第二版习题答案郑振龙
《⾦融⼯程》新第⼆版习题答案郑振龙《⾦融⼯程》课后题答案第⼆章1、按照式⼦：（1＋8%）美元＝1．8×（1＋4%）马克，得到1美元＝1．7333马克。
2、设远期利率为i，根据（1＋9．5%）×（1＋i）＝1＋9．875%，i＝9．785%．3、存在套利机会，其步骤为：（1）以6%的利率借⼊1655万美元，期限6个⽉；（2）按市场汇率将1655万美元换成1000万英镑；（3）将1000万英镑以8%的利率贷出，期限6个⽉；（4）按1．6600美元/英镑的远期汇率卖出1037．5万英镑；（5）6个⽉后收到英镑贷款本息1040．8万英镑（1000e0．08×0．5），剩余3．3万英镑；（6）⽤1037．5万元英镑换回1722．3万美元（1037．5×1．66）；（7）⽤1715．7美元（1665 e0．06×0．5）归还贷款本息，剩余6．6万美元；（8）套利盈余＝6．6万美元＋3．3万英镑。
4、考虑这样的证券组合：购买⼀个看涨期权并卖出Δ股股票。
如果股票价格上涨到42元，组合价值是42Δ－3；如果股票价格下降到38元，组合价值是38Δ。
若两者相等，则42Δ－3＝38Δ，Δ＝075。
可以算出⼀个⽉后⽆论股票价格是多少，组合的价值都是28．5，今天的价值⼀定是28．5的现值，即2 8．31＝28．5 e－0．08×0．08333。
即－f＋40Δ＝28．31，f是看涨期权价格。
f＝1．69。
5、按照风险中性的原则，我们⾸先计算风险中性条件下股票价格向上变动的概率p，它满⾜等式：42p＋38（1－p）＝40e0．08×0．08333，p＝0．5669，期权的价值是：（3×0．5669＋0×0．4331）e－0．0 8×0．08333＝1．69，同题4按照⽆套利定价原则计算的结果相同。
6、考虑这样的组合：卖出⼀个看跌期权并购买Δ股股票。
金融工程（2版）周复之课后习题答案
⾦融⼯程（2版）周复之课后习题答案《⾦融⼯程》（第2版）计算题答案第⼆章计算题1、假设现在6个⽉即期利率为10%（半年复利⼀次，下同），1年期的即期利率是12%。
如果有⼈把今后6个⽉到1年期的远期利率定为11%，试计算说明这样的市场⾏情能否产⽣套利活动？答：按6个⽉即期利率10%和远期利率11%计算，有(1+10% /2) ( 1+11% /2) = 1.108按1年期即期利率12% (半年复利⼀次)计算，有= 1.124(1+12% /2)2显然，两者结果并不相等，所以市场上的远期利率如果是11%时，则⼀定存在套利机会。
2、假设⼀种不⽀付红利股票⽬前的市价为10元，我们知道在3个⽉后，该股票价格要么是11元，要么是9元。
假设现在的⽆风险年利率等于10%，现在我们要找出⼀份3个⽉期协议价格为10.5元的该股票欧式看涨期权的价值。
答：为了找出该期权的价值，可构建⼀个由⼀单位看涨期权空头和Δ单位的标的股票多头组成的组合。
为了使该组合在期权到期时⽆风险，Δ须满⾜下式：11Δ- max (0,11-10.5) =9Δ- max (0,9-10.5)即 11Δ- 0.5 = 9Δ- 0Δ = 0.25由于11Δ－0.5 = 9Δ=2.25，该⽆风险组合的现值应为：= 2.192.25e-10%×3/12因当前股票市价是10元，有10Δ-f = 10×0.25 -f = 2.19得f = 2.5-2.19 = 0.31元3.⼀只股票现在的价格是40元，该股票⼀个⽉后的价格将上涨到42元或者是下降到38元。
假如市场⽆风险利率是8%，运⽤⽆套利原理说明，执⾏价格为39元的⼀个⽉欧式看涨期权的价值是多少？答：为了找出该期权的价值，可构建⼀个由⼀单位看涨期权空头和Δ单位的标的股票多头组成的组合。
为了使该组合在期权到期时⽆风险，Δ须满⾜下式：42Δ- max (0,42-39) =38Δ- max (0,38-39)即 42Δ- 3 = 38Δ- 0Δ = 0.75由于42Δ- 3 = 38Δ=28.5，该⽆风险组合的现值应为：28.5e-0.08×1/12= 28.30因当前股票市价是40元，有40Δ-f = 40×0.75 -f = 28.30得f = 30-28.30 = 1.70元4.条件同上题，试⽤风险中性定价法计算看涨期权的价值，并⽐较两种计算的结果。
李飞版金融工程课后习题答案
李飞版金融工程课后习题答案李飞版金融工程课后习题答案（红色部分均为课后题）第一章金融工程导论 1.金融工程的概念及特点概念：广义的金融工程包括创新型金融工具与金融手段的设计、开发与实施．以及对金融问题给予创造性的解决。
金融工程特点 1. 实用化的特点：实践性、灵活性和可操作性 2 . 综合化的特点：跨学科、交叉性和互补性3.最优化的特点：目的性、赢利性和抗风险性 4.数量化的特点：严密性、准确性和可计算性5.创造性的特点：发散性、创新性和主观能动性特点2金融工程的工具：理论性工具：包括使金融成为正式学科的那些思想和概念，如估值理论、证券组合理论、套期保值理论、会计关系以及各种关于金融资产定价的理论。
实体性工具：包括那些可被拼凑起来实现某一特定目的的金融工具和手段。
其中这些工具有固定收益证券、权益证券、期货、期权、互换协议等及其变形；而金融手段有电子证券交易、证券的公开发行以及电子资金转移等新事物。
3金融工程师具备的知识：第一，经济学和金融学理论。
第二，数学和统计学知识。
第三，计算机技能。
4什么是金融创新，它与金融工程的关系如何：5金融工程与金融学的关系：金融工程是在金融学的基础上发展，同时又吸收了数学、运筹学、物理学等学科的精髓部分，是一门以现代金融理论为支撑、以实务操作为导向、结合工程技术管理和信息加工处理的交叉性学科第二章金融工程技术的应用1金融衍生工具的功能：转移风险，金融衍生工具市场是一种系统风险转移市场；盈利，包括投资者进行交易的收入和经纪人提供服务的收入；定价，通过平衡供求关系，较准确的为金融工具形成统一的市场价格。
2.套期保值目标单项套期保值：只消除了风险的不利部分，而保留了风险的有利部分。
例如，期权以及与期权有关的金融衍生工具。
双向套期保值，又称完全套期保值，消除所有价格风险，包括风险的有利部分及不利部分。
如远期，期货，互换等。
完全套期保值并不总比不完全套期保值效果好，它在规避不利风险的同时，放弃了有利的风险，放弃了盈利的可能性。
金融工程学理论与实务课本习题答案
金融工程习题答案第一章金融工程导论1、什么是金融工程？答：一般认为金融学发展经历了描述性金融、分析性金融和金融工程三个阶段: （1）英国学者洛伦兹·格立茨(Lawrence Galitz,1995)的观点：“金融工程是指运用金融工具重新构造现有的金融状况，使之具有所期望的特性(即收益/风险组合特性)”。
（2）最早提出金融工程学科概念的学者之一John Finnerty（1988）的观点：金融工程将工程思维引入金融领域，综合地采用各种工程技术方法（主要有数学模型、数值计算、网络图解、仿真模型等）设计、开发和实施新型的金融产品，创造性地解决各种金融问题。
（3）国际金融工程师学会常务理事Marshall等（1992）的观点,认为Finnerty的定义中提到的金融产品是广义的：它包括所有在金融市场交易的金融工具，比如股票、债券、期货、期权、互换等金融产品；也包括金融服务，如结算、清算、发行、承销等；而设计、开发和实施新型的金融产品的目的也是为了创造性地解决金融问题，因此金融问题的解也可看作是创新一个金融产品。
2、金融工程产生和发展的基础是什么？答：从发展的过程来看，金融工程是在金融理论与实践的基础上，作为金融学科的一个方向，逐步发展并演变成为一门独立学科的。
金融理论的产生和发展为金融工程的产生的发展提供了理论基础。
这些理论既包括有效市场假说等较为宏观的金融理论，也包括资产组合理论、套利定价理论、资本资产定价理论等微观金融理论。
3、金融工程的基本框架是什么？答：金融工程作为一门学科，它具有较为系统和完整的框架，主要包括金融工程的理论基础、金融工具和金融工程技术。
（1）金融工程的理论基础。
它是支撑金融工程的知识体系，主要涉及金融理论、经济学理论、数学和统计学知识、会计及法律知识等方面的理论和知识。
核心的基础理论是估值理论、资产组合理论、有效市场理论、套期保值理论、期权定价理论、汇率及利率理论等。
（2）金融工具。
金融工程 第二版 课后习题 完整答案
第1章7、讨论以下观点是否正确：看涨期权空头可以被视为其他条件都相同的看跌期权空头与标的资产现货空头（其出售价格等于期权执行价格）的组合。
(1)9、如果连续复利年利率为5%，10000元现值在4.82年后的终值是多少？ (1)10、每季度记一次复利年利率为14%，请计算与之等价的每年记一年复利的年利率和连续复利年利率。
(1)11、每月记一次复利的年利率为15%，请计算与之等价的连续复利年利率。
(1)12、某笔存款的连续复利年利率为12%，但实际上利息是每季度支付一次。
请问1万元存款每季度能得到多少利息？ (1)7.该说法是正确的。
从图1.3中可以看出，如果将等式左边的标的资产多头移至等式右边，整个等式左边就是看涨期权空头，右边则是看跌期权空头和标的资产空头的组合。
9.()5%4.821000012725.21e ××=元10.每年计一次复利的年利率=（1+0.14/4）4-1=14.75%连续复利年利率=4ln(1+0.14/4)=13.76%。
11.连续复利年利率=12ln(1+0.15/12)=14.91%。
12.12%连续复利利率等价的每季度支付一次利息的年利率=4（e 0.03-1）=12.18%。
因此每个季度可得的利息=10000×12.8%/4=304.55元。
第2章1、2007年4月16日，中国某公司签订了一份跨国订单，预计半年后将支付1000000美元，为规避汇率风险，该公司于当天向中国工商银行买入了半年期的10000000美元远期，起息日为2007年10月8日，工商银行的实际美元现汇买入价与卖出价分别为749.63和752.63。
请问该公司在远期合同上的盈亏如何？ (1)2、设投资者在2007年9月25日以1530点（每点250美元）的价格买入一笔2007年12月到期的S^P500指数期货，按CME 的规定，S^P500指数期货的初始保证金为19688美元，维持保证金为15750美元。
金融工程第四版习题答案
未来一定盈利，但投资者通过期货（或远期）合约获得了确定的未来买卖价格，
消除了因价格波动带来的风险。本例中，汇率的变动是影响公司跨国贸易成本的
重要因素，是跨国贸易所面临的主要风险之一，汇率的频繁变动显然不利于公司
的长期稳定运营（即使汇率上升与下降的概率相等）；而通过买卖外汇远期（期
投资者都是风险中性的，在此条件下，所有与标的资产风险相同的证券的预期收
益率都等于无风险利率，贴现率也都应用无风险利率以求现值。事实上，风险中
性定价法是在无套利和可复制的条件下才可实施的。
c. 状态价格定价法是指通过市场可观测的证券求得各个状态的状态价格，从而
便可为任意资产定价。
三种方法都属于相对定价法，即利用标的资产价格和衍生证券价格之间的内
在联系，直接根据标的资产价格求出衍生证券价格。只需要知道相对位置，不需
要太多信息，运用起来比较方便。三种定价方法殊途同归，它们拥有完全相同的
使用前提：无套利加完全市场假设。而且得出的结论都是一致的。
9. 金融衍生品定价的基本假设：1、市场不存在摩擦，无保证金和卖空限制。该
假设能简化定价的分析过程，同时对于大规模的金融机构来讲，这一假设也相对
最小变动价位
0.2 点
合约月份
当月、下月及随后两个季月
交易时间
上午： 9:30-11:30, 下午：13:00-15:00
每日价格最大波
动限制
上一个交易日结算价的±7%
最低交易保证金
合约价值的 8%
最后交易日
合约到期月份的第三个周五，遇国家法定假日顺延
交割日期
同最后交易日
交割方式
【精品】金融工程第七版课后习题答案(中文
第1章导言练习题1.1请解释远期多头与远期空头的区别。
答：远期多头指交易者协定将来以某一确定价格购入某种资产；远期空头指交易者协定将来以某一确定价格售出某种资产。
1.2请详细解释套期保值、投机与套利的区别。
答：套期保值指交易者采取一定的措施补偿资产的风险暴露；投机不对风险暴露进行补偿，是一种“赌博行为”；套利是采取两种或更多方式锁定利润。
1.3请解释签订购买远期价格为$50的远期合同与持有执行价格为$50的看涨期权的区别。
答：第一种情况下交易者有义务以50$购买某项资产（交易者没有选择），第二种情况下有权利以50$购买某项资产（交易者可以不执行该权利）。
1.4一位投资者出售了一个棉花期货合约，期货价格为每磅50美分，每个合约交易量为50，000磅。
请问期货合约结束时，当合约到期时棉花价格分别为（a）每磅48.20美分；（b）每磅51.30美分时，这位投资者的收益或损失为多少？答：(a)合约到期时棉花价格为每磅$0.4820时，交易者收入：（$0.5000-$0.4820）×50，000＝$900;(b)合约到期时棉花价格为每磅$0.5130时，交易者损失:($0.5130-$0.5000)×50，000=$6501.5假设你出售了一个看跌期权，以$120执行价格出售100股IBM的股票，有效期为3个月。
IBM股票的当前价格为$121。
你是怎么考虑的？你的收益或损失如何？答：当股票价格低于$120时，该期权将不被执行。
当股票价格高于$120美元时，该期权买主执行该期权，我将损失100(st-x)。
1.6你认为某种股票的价格将要上升。
现在该股票价格为$29,3个月期的执行价格为$30的看跌期权的价格为$2.90.你有$5,800资金可以投资。
现有两种策略：直接购买股票或投资于期权，请问各自潜在的收益或损失为多少？答：股票价格低于$29时，购买股票和期权都将损失，前者损失为$5,800$29×(29-p),后者损失为$5，800;当股票价格为（29，30），购买股票收益为$5,800$29×(p-29),购买期权损失为$5,800;当股票价格高于$30时，购买股票收益为$5,800 $29×(p-29)，购买期权收益为$$5,800$29×(p-30)-5,800。
(完整版)金融工程复习提纲—郑振龙第四版.doc
1.金融工程：开发设计新型工具和实施金融手段一、根本目的：解决金融问题二、主要内容：设计、定价与风险管理三、主要工具：基础产品与金融衍生产品四、技术手段：现代金融学、数理和工程方法与信息技术五、作用：促进金融业创新与发展2.推动金融工程发展的重要因素：日益动荡的全球经济环境、鼓励金融创新的制度环境、金融理论和技术的发展创新、信息技术的进步、市场追求效率的结果。
3.套期保值者、套利者和投机者。
他们有不同的参与目的，他们的行为都对市场发挥着重要作用。
套保者的操作是为了转移和管理已有头寸的风险暴露，他是衍生证券市场产生和发展的原动力。
套利者则是通过发现现货和衍生证券价格之间的不合理关系，通过同时操作，获取低风险或无风险的套利收益。
他的参与有利于市场效率的提高。
4. 一年复利一次：FV=A*（ 1+r）^t一年复利 m 次FV = A×e rT若两者相等则：1+r1=（ 1+r/m ） ^m=e^rr 连续复利年利率=mln （ 1+rm/m ），当 m=1 时， r=ln （ 1+r1 ）5.远期合约：规定在未来的某一时间以确定的价格交易一种确定产品的合约买方、多方、多头：未来将买入标的物的一方卖方、空方、空头：未来将卖出标的物的一方作用：确定标的资产未来某时刻的价格，消除价格风险注意： 1.远期合约不能带来确定盈利； 2.是多头双方的零和游戏6.常见的金融远期合约：远期利率协议、远期外汇协议、远期股票合约1.远期利率协议 FRA：某一时刻开始，借贷一笔数额确定、特定货币表示的名义本金的协议。
1*4 远期利率（ r1*4 ）表示 1 个月后开始的期限为三个月的远期利率2.远期外汇协议 FXA：某一时间按约定汇率买卖一定金额的某种外汇的合约。
本金不可交割远期 NDF：指不交割名义本金，只交割规定汇率与实际汇率的差额。
3.远期股票合约：某一特定时期按特定价格交付一定数量单个股票或一揽子股票的协议7.远期市场的交易机制：分散的场外交易，非标准化合约优势：灵活缺点： 1.市场效率低； 2.流动性较差； 3.违约风险相对较高8.金融期货合约：指在交易所交易的、协议双方约定在将来某一个日期按事先确定的条件（交割价格、交割地点、交割方式）买入或卖出一定标准数量的特定金融工具的标准化协议。
金融工程--课后习题详解
⾦融⼯程--课后习题详解七．习题1. 布莱克－舒尔斯定价模型的主要缺陷有哪些？2. 交易成本的存在对期权价格有什么影响？3. 怎样理解下⾯这个观点：组合中⼀份衍⽣证券合约的价值往往取决于该组合中其他合约的价值？4. 什么是波动率微笑、波动率期限结构和波动率矩阵？它们的作⽤何在？5. 当波动率是随机的且和股票价格正相关时，⼈们在市场上可能会观察到怎样的隐含波动率？6. 假设⼀个股票价格遵循复合期权模型，隐含波动率会是怎样的形状？7. 如果我们对随机波动率的概念进⼀步深⼊下去，使得波动率的波动率也是随机的，结果会如何？8. 设前⼀天收盘时S&P500为1040，指数的每天波动率为1％，GARCH(1,1)模型中的参数为0.06α=，0.92β=，0.000002ω=。
如果当天收盘时S&P500为1060，则新的波动率估计为多少？（设µ＝0）9. 不确定参数模型的定价思想是什么？10. 如何理解跳跃扩散模型和崩盘模型？11. 期权交易者常常喜欢把深度虚值期权看作基于波动率的期权，为什么？答案：1. （1）交易成本的假设：BS 模型假定⽆交易成本，可以连续进⾏动态的套期保值，但事实上交易成本总是客观存在的。
（2）波动率为常数的假设：实际上波动率本⾝就是⼀个随机变量。
（3）不确定的参数：BS 模型假设波动率、利率、股利等参数都是已知的常数（或是已知的确定函数）。
但事实上它们都不是⼀个常数，最为典型的波动率甚⾄也不是⼀个时间和标的资产价格的确定函数，并且完全⽆法在市场观察到，也⽆法预测。
（4）资产价格的连续变动：在实际中，不连续是常见的，资产价格常常出现跳跃。
2. 交易成本的存在，会影响我们进⾏套期保值的次数和期权价格：交易成本⼀⽅⾯会使得调整次数受到限制，使基于连续组合调整的BS 模型定价成为⼀种近似；另⼀⽅⾯，交易成本也直接影响到期权价格本⾝，使得合理的期权价格成为⼀个区间⽽不是单个数值。
金融工程 相关习题及答案教学文案
金融工程相关习题及答案Chapter 1 Market Organization and Structure PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 11. Akihiko Takabe has designed a sophisticated forecasting model, which predicts the movements in the overall stock market, in the hope of earning a return in excess of a fair return for the risk involved. He uses the predictions of the model to decide whether to buy, hold, or sell the shares of an index fund that aims to replicate the movements of the stock market. Takabe would best be characterized as a (n):A. hedger.B. investor.C. information-motivated trader.2. James Beach is young and has substantial wealth. A significant proportion of his stock portfolio consists of emerging market stocks that offer relatively high expected returns at the cost of relatively high risk. Beach believes that investment in emerging market stocks is appropriate for him given his ability and willingness to take risk. Which of the following labels most appropriately describes Beach?A. Hedger.B. Investor.C. Information-motivated trader.3. Lisa Smith owns a manufacturing company in the United States. Her company has sold goods to a customer in Brazil and will be paid in Brazilian real (BRL) in three months. Smith is concerned about the possibility of the BRL depreciating more than expected against the U.S. dollar (USD). Therefore, she is planning to sell three-month futures contracts on the BRL. The seller of such contracts generally gains when the BRL depreciates against the USD. If Smith were to sell these future contracts, she would most appropriately be described as a (n):A. hedger.B. investor.C. information-motivated trader.4. Which of the following is not a function of the financial system?A. To regulate arbitrageurs’ profits (excess returns).B. To help the economy achieve allocational efficiency.C. To facilitate borrowing by businesses to fund current operations.5. An investor primarily invests in stocks of publicly traded companies. The investor wants to increase the diversification of his portfolio. A friend has recommendedinvesting in real estate properties. The purchase of real estate would best be characterized as a transaction in the:A. derivative investment market.B. traditional investment market.C. alternative investment market.6. A hedge fund holds its excess cash in 90-day commercial paper and negotiable certificates of deposit. The cash management policy of the hedge fund is best described as using:A. capital market instruments.B. money market instruments.C. intermediate-term debt instruments.7. An oil and gas exploration and production company announces that it is offering 30 million shares to the public at $45.50 each. This transaction is most likely a sale in the:A. futures market.B. primary market.C. secondary market.8. Consider a mutual fund that invests primarily in fixed-income securities that have been determined to be appropriate given the fund’s investment goal. Which of the following is least likely to be a part of this fund?A. Warrants.B. Commercial paper.C. Repurchase agreements.9. A friend has asked you to explain the differences between open-end and closed-end funds. Which of the following will you most likely include in your explanation?A. Closed-end funds are unavailable to new investors.B. When investors sell the shares of an open-end fund, they can receive a discount or a premium to the fund’s net asset value.C. When selling shares, investors in an open-end fund sell the shares back to the fund whereas investors in a closed-end fund sell the shares to others in the secondary market.10. The usefulness of a forward contract is limited by some problems. Which of the following is most likely one of those problems?A. Once you have entered into a forward contract, it is difficult to exit from the contract.B. Entering into a forward contract requires the long party to deposit an initial amount with the short party.C. If the price of the underlying asset moves adversely from the perspective of the long party, periodic payments must be made to the short party.11. Tony Harris is planning to start trading in commodities. He has heard about the use of futures contracts on commodities and is learning more about them. Which of the following is Harris least likely to find associated with a futures contract?A. Existence of counterparty risk.B. Standardized contractual terms.C. Payment of an initial margin to enter into a contract.12. A German company that exports machinery is expecting to receive $10 million in three months. The firm converts all its foreign currency receipts into euros. The chief financial officer of the company wishes to lock in a minimum fixed rate for converting the $10 million to euro but also wants to keep the flexibility to use the future spot rate if it is favorable. What hedging transaction is most likely to achieve this objective?A. Selling dollars forward.B. Buying put options on the dollar.C. Selling futures contracts on dollars.13. A book publisher requires substantial quantities of paper. The publisher and a paper producer have entered into an agreement for the publisher to buy and the producer to supply a given quantity of paper four months later at a price agreed upon today. This agreement is a:A. futures contract.B. forward contract.C. commodity swap.14. The Stand ard & Poor’s Depositary Receipts (SPDRs) is an investment that tracks the S&P 500 stock market index. Purchases and sales of SPDRs during an average trading day are best described as:A. primary market transactions in a pooled investment.B. secondary market transactions in a pooled investment.C. secondary market transactions in an actively managed investment.15. The Standard & Poor’s Depositary Receipts (SPDRs) is an exchange-traded fund in the United States that is designed to track the S&P 500 stock market index. The current price of a share of SPDRs is $113. A trader has just bought call options on shares of SPDRs for a premium of $3 per share. The call options expire in five months and have an exercise price of $120 per share. On the expiration date, the trader will exercise the call options (ignore any transaction costs) if and only if the shares of SPDRs are trading:A. below $120 per share.B. above $120 per share.C. above $123 per share.16. Which of the following statements about exchange-traded funds is most correct?A. Exchange-traded funds are not backed by any assets.B. The investment companies that create exchange-traded funds are financial intermediaries.C. The transaction costs of trading shares of exchange-traded funds are substantially greater than the combined costs of trading the underlying assets of the fund.17. Jason Schmidt works for a hedge fund and he specializes in finding profit opportunities that are the result of inefficiencies in the market for convertible bonds—bonds that can be converted into a predetermined amount of a company’s common stock. Schmidt tries to find convertibles that are priced inefficiently relative to the underlying stock. The trading strategy involves the simultaneous purchase of the convertible bond and the short sale of the underlying common stock. The above process could best be described as:A. hedging.B. arbitrage.C. securitization.18. Pierre-Louis Robert just purchased a call option on shares of the Michelin Group.A few days ago he wrote a put option on Michelin shares. The call and put options have the same exercise price, expiration date, and number of shares underlying. Considering both positions, Robert’s exposure to the risk of the stock of the Michelin Group is:A. long.B. short.C. neutral.19. An online brokerage firm has set the minimum margin requirement at 55 percent. What is the maximum leverage ratio associated with a position financed by this minimum margin requirement?A. 1.55.B. 1.82.C. 2.22.20. A trader has purchased 200 shares of a non-dividend-paying firm on margin at a price of $50 per share. The leverage ratio is 2.5. Six months later, the trader sells these shares at $60 per share. Ignoring the interest paid on the borrowed amount and the transaction costs, what was the return to the trader during the six-month period?A. 20 percent.B. 33.33 percent.C. 50 percent.21. Jason Williams purchased 500 shares of a company at $32 per share. The stock was bought on 75 percent margin. One month later, Williams had to pay interest on the amount borrowed at a rate of 2 percent per month. At that time, Williams receiveda dividend of $0.50 per share. Immediately after that he sold the shares at $28 per share. He paid commissions of $10 on the purchase and $10 on the sale of the stock. What was the rate of return on this investment for the one-month period?A. −12.5 percent.B. –15.4 percent.C. –50.1 percent.22. Caroline Rogers believes the price of Gamma Corp. stock will go down in the near future. She has decided to sell short 200 shares of Gamma Corp. at the current market price of €47. The initial margin requirement is 40 percent. Which of the following is an appropriate statement regarding the margin requirement that Rogers is subject to on this short sale?A. She will need to contribute €3,760 as margin.B. She will need to contribute €5,640 as margin.C. She will only need to leave the proceeds from the short sale as deposit and does not need to contribute any additional funds.23. The current price of a stock is $25 per share. You have $10,000 to invest. You borrow an additional $10,000 from your broker and invest $20,000 in the stock. If the maintenance margin is 30 percent, at what price will a margin call first occur?A. $9.62.B. $17.86.C. $19.71.24. You have placed a sell market-on-open order—a market order that would automatically be submitted at the market’s open tomorrow and would fill at the market price. Your instruction, to sell the shares at the market open, is a(n):A. execution instruction.B. validity instruction.C. clearing instruction.25. A market has the following limit orders standing on its book for a particular stock. The bid and ask sizes are number of shares in hundreds.What is the market?A. 9.73 bid, offered at 10.14.B. 9.81 bid, offered at 10.10.C. 9.95 bid, offered at 10.02.26. Consider the following limit order book for a stock. The bid and ask sizes are number of shares in hundredsA new buy limit order is placed for 300 shares at ¥123.40. This limit order issaid to:A. take the market.B. make the market.C. make a new market.27. Currently, the market in a stock is "$54.62 bid, offered at $54.71." A new sell limit order is placed at $54.62. This limit order is said to:A. take the market.B. make the market.C. make a new market.28. Jim White has sold short 100 shares of Super Stores at a price of$42 per share. He has also simultaneously placed a "good-till-cancelled, stop 50, limit 55 buy" order. Assume that if the stop condition specified by White is satisfied and the order becomes valid, it will get executed. Excluding transaction costs, what is the maximum possible loss that White can have?A. $800.B. $1,300.C. Unlimited.29. You own shares of a company that are currently trading at $30 a share. Your technical analysis of the shares indicates a support level of $27.50. That is, if the price of the shares is going down, it is more likely to stay above this level rather than fall below it. If the price does fall below this level, however, you believe that the price may continue to decline. You have no immediate intent to sell the shares but are concerned about the possibility of a huge loss if the share price declines below thesupport level. Which of the following types of orders could you place to most appropriately address your concern?A. Short sell order.B. Good-till-cancelled stop sell order.C. Good-till-cancelled stop buy order.30. In an underwritten offering, the risk that the entire issue may not be sold to the public at the stipulated offering price is borne by the:A. issuer.B. investment bank.C. buyers of the part of the issue that is sold.31 . A British company listed on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange, announced the sale of 6,686,665 shares to a small group of qualified investors at £0.025 per share. Which of the following best describesthis sale?A. Shelf registration.B. Private placement.C. Initial public offering.32. A German publicly traded company, to raise new capital, gave its existing shareholders the opportunity to subscribe for new shares. The existing shareholders could purchase two new shares at a subscription price of €4.58 per share for every 15 shares held. This is an example of a(n):A. rights offering.B. private placement.C. initial public offering.33. Consider an order-driven system that allows hidden orders. The following four sell orders on a particular stock are currently in the system's limit order book. Based on the commonly used order precedence hierarchy, which of these orders will have precedence over others?A. Order I (time of arrival of 9:52:01 ).B. Order II (time of arrival of 9:52:08).C. Order III (time of arrival of 9:53:04)34. Zhenhu Li has submitted an immediate-or-cancel buy order for 500 shares of a company at a limit price of CNY 74.25. There are two sell limit orders standing in that stock's order book at that time. One is for 300 shares at a limit price of CNY 74.30 and the other is for 400 shares at a limit price of CNY 74.35. How many shares in Li's order would get cancelled?A. None (the order would remain open but unfilled).B. 200 (300 shares would get filled).C. 500 (there would be no fill).35. A market has the following limit orders standing on its book for a particular stock:Ian submits a day order to sell 1,000 shares, limit £19.83. Assuming that no more buy orders are submitted on that day after Ian submits his order, what would be Ian's average trade price?A. £19.70.B. £19.92.C. £20.05.36. A financial analyst is examining whether a country's financial market is well functioning. She finds that the transaction costs in this market are low and trading volumes are high. She concludes that the market is quite liquid. In such a market:A. traders will find it hard to make use of their information.B. traders will find it easy to trade and their trading will make the market less informationally efficient.C. traders will find it easy to trade and their trading will make the marketmore informationally efficient.37. The government of a country whose financial markets are in an early stage of development has hired you as a consultant on financial market regulation. Your first task is to prepare a list of the objectives of market regulation. Which of the following is least likely to be included in this list of objectives?A. Minimize agency problems in the financial markets.B. Ensure that financial markets are fair and orderly.C. Ensure that investors in the stock market achieve a rate of return that is at least equal to the risk-free rate of return.Chapter 2 Portfolio Management: An Overview PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 21. Investors should use a portfolio approach to:A. reduce risk.B. monitor risk.C. eliminate risk.2. Which of the following is the best reason for an investor to be concerned with the composition of a portfolio?A. Risk reduction.B. Downside risk protection.C. Avoidance of investment disasters.3. With respect to the formation of portfolios, which of the following statements is most accurate?A. Portfolios affect risk less than returns.B. Portfolios affect risk more than returns.C. Portfolios affect risk and returns equally.4. Which of the following institutions will on average have the greatest need for liquidity?A. Banks.B. Investment companies.C. Non-life insurance companies.5. Which of the following institutional investors will most likely have the longest time horizon?A. Defined benefit plan.B. University endowment.C. Life insurance company.6. A defined benefit plan with a large number of retirees is likely to have a high need forA. income.B. liquidity.C. insurance.7. Which of the following institutional investors is most likely to manage investments in mutual funds?A. Insurance companies.B. Investment companies.C. University endowments.8. With respect to the portfolio management process, the asset allocation is determined in the:A. planning step.B. feedback step.C. execution step9. The planning step of the portfolio management process is least likely to include an assessment of the client'sA. securities.B. constraints.C. risk tolerance.10. With respect to the portfolio management process, the rebalancing of a portfolio's composition is most likely to occur in the:A. planning step.B. feedback step.C. execution step.11. An analyst gathers the following information for the asset allocations of three portfolios:Which of the portfolios is most likely appropriate for a client who has a high degree of risk tolerance?A. Portfolio 1.B. Portfolio 2.C. Portfolio 3.12. Which of the following investment products is most likely to trade at their net asset value per share?A. Exchange traded funds.B. Open-end mutual funds.C. Closed-end mutual funds.13. Which of the following financial products is least likely to have a capital gain distribution?A. Exchange traded funds.B. Open-end mutual funds.C. Closed-end mutual funds.14. Which of the following forms of pooled investments is subject to the least amount of regulation?A. Hedge funds.B. Exchange traded funds.C. Closed-end mutual funds.15. Which of the following pooled investments is most likely characterized by a few large investments?A. Hedge funds.B. Buyout funds.C. Venture capital funds.Chapter 3 Portfolio Risk and Return: Part I PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 31. An investor purchased 100 shares of a stock for $34.50 per share at the beginning of the quarter. If the investor sold all of the shares for $30.50 per share after receiving a $51.55 dividend payment at the end of the quarter, the holding period return is closest to:A. - 13.0%.B. - 11.6%.C. - 10.1%.2. An analyst obtains the following annual rates of return for a mutual fund:The fund's holding period return over the three-year period is closest to:A. 0.18%.B. 0.55%.C. 0.67%.3. An analyst observes the following annual rates of return for a hedge fund:The hedge fund's annual geometric mean return is closest to:A. 0.52%.B. 1.02%.C. 2.67%.4. Which of the following return calculating methods is best for evaluating the annualized returns of a buy-and-hold strategy of an investor who has made annual deposits to an account for each of the last five years?A. Geometric mean return.B. Arithmetic mean return.C. Money-weighted return.5. An investor evaluating the returns of three recently formed exchange-traded funds gathers the following information:The ETF with the highest annualized rate of return is:A. ETF 1.B. ETF 2.C. ETF 3.6. With respect to capital market theory, which of the following asset characteristics is least likely to impact the variance of an investor's equally weighted portfolio?A. Return on the asset.B. Standard deviation of the asset.C. Covariances of the asset with the other assets in the portfolio.7. A portfolio manager creates the following portfolio:If the correlation of returns between the two securities is 0.40, the expected standard deviation of the portfolio is closest to:A. 10.7%.B. 11.3%.C. 12.1%.8. A portfolio manager creates the following portfolio:If the covariance of returns between the two securities is - 0.0240, the expected standard deviation of the portfolio is closest to:A. 2.4%.B. 7.5%.C. 9.2%.The following information relates to Questions 9-10A portfolio manager creates the following portfolio:9. If the standard deviation of the portfolio is 14.40%, the correlation between the two securities is equal to:A. - 1.0.B. 0.0.C. 1.0.10. If the standard deviation of the portfolio is 14.40%, the covariance between the two securities is equal to:A. 0.0006.B. 0.0240.C. 1.0000.The following information relates to Questions 11-14An analyst observes the following historic geometric returns:11 . The real rate of return for equities is closest to:A. 5.4%.B. 5.8%.C. 5.9%.12. The real rate of return for corporate bonds is closest to:A. 4.3%.B. 4.4%.C. 4.5%.13. The risk premium for equities is closest to:A. 5.4%.B. 5.5%.C. 5.6%.14. The risk premium for corporate bonds is closest to:A. 3.5%.B. 3.9%.C. 4.0%.15. With respect to trading costs, liquidity is least likely to impact the:A. stock price.B. bid-ask spreads.C. brokerage commissions.16. Evidence of risk aversion is best illustrated by a risk-return relationship that is:A. negative.B. neutral.C. positive.17. With respect to risk-averse investors, a risk-free asset will generate a numerical utility that is:A. the same for all individuals.B. positive for risk-averse investors.C. equal to zero for risk seeking investors18. With respect to utility theory, the most risk-averse investor will have an indifference curve with the:A. most convexity.B. smallest intercept value.C. greatest slope coefficient.19. With respect to an investor's utility function expressed as:21=E(r)-2u A , whichof the following values for the measure for risk aversion has the least amount of risk aversion?A. - 4.B. 0.C. 4.The following information relates to Questions 20-23A financial planner has created the following data to illustrate the application of utility theory to portfolio selection:20. A risk-neutral investor is most likely to choose:A. Investment 1.B. Investment 2.C. Investment 3.ExpectedStandard Deviation (% )28153021. If an investor's utility function is expressed as U = E(r) ~A& and the measure for risk aversion has a value of- 2, the risk-seeking investor is most likely to choose:A. Investment 2.B. Investment 3.C. Investment 4.22. If an investor's utility function is expressed as U = E(r) - ~A& and the measure for risk aversion has a value of2, the risk-averse investor is most likely to choose:A. Investment 1.B. Investment 2.C. Investment 3.23. If an investor's utility function is expressed as U =E(r) - ~A& and the measure for risk aversion has a value of4, the risk-averse investor is most likely to choose:A. Investment 1.B. Investment 2.C. Investment 3.24. With respect to the mean-variance portfolio theory, the capital allocation line, CAL, is the combination of the risk-free asset and a portfolio of all:A. risky assets.B. equity securities.C. feasible investments.25. Two individual investors with different levels of risk aversion will have optimal portfolios that are:A. below the capital allocation line.B. on the capital allocation line.C. above the capital allocation line.The following information relates to Questions 26-28A portfolio manager creates the following portfolio:26. If the portfolio of the two securities has an expected return of15%, the proportion invested in Security 1 is:A. 25%.B. 50%.C. 75%.27. If the correlation of returns between the two securities is - 0.15, the expected standard deviation of an equal-weighted portfolio is closest to:A. 13.04%.B. 13.60%.C. 13.87%.28. If the two securities are uncorrelated, the expected standard deviation of an equal-weighted portfolio is closest to:A. 14.00%.B. 14.14%.C. 20.00%.29. As the number of assets in an equally-weighted portfolio increases, the contribution of each individual asset's variance to the volatility of the portfolio:A. increases.B. decreases.C. remains the same.30. With respect to an equally-weighted portfolio made up of a large number of assets, which of the following contributes the most to the volatility of the portfolio?A. Average variance of the individual assets.B. Standard deviation of the individual assets.C. Average covariance between all pairs of assets.31. The correlation between assets in a two-asset portfolio increases during a market decline. If there is no change in the proportion of each asset held in the portfolio or the expected standard deviation of the individual assets, the volatility of the portfolio is most likely to:A. increase.B. decrease.C. remain the same.The following information relates to Questions 32-34An analyst has made the following return projections for each of three possible outcomes with an equal likelihood of occurrence:32. Which pair of assets is perfectly negatively correlated?A. Asset 1 and Asset 2.B. Asset 1 and Asset 3.C. Asset 2 and Asset 3.33. If the analyst constructs two-asset portfolios that are equally-weighted, which pair of assets has the lowest expected standard deviation?A. Asset 1 and Asset 2.B. Asset 1 and Asset 3.C. Asset 2 and Asset 3.34. If the analyst constructs two-asset portfolios that are equally weighted, which pair of assets provides the least amount of risk reduction?A. Asset 1 and Asset 2.B. Asset 1 and Asset 3.C. Asset 2 and Asset 3.35. Which of the following statements is least accurate? The efficient frontier is the set of all attainable risky assets with the:A. highest expected return for a given level of risk.B. lowest amount of risk for a given level of return.C. highest expected return relative to the risk-free rate.36. The portfolio on the minimum-variance frontier with the lowest standard deviation is:A. unattainable.B. the optimal risky portfolio.C. the global minimum-variance portfolio.37. The set of portfolios on the minimum-variance frontier that dominates all sets of portfolios below the global minimum-variance portfolio is the:A. capital allocation line.B. Markowitz efficient frontier.C. set of optimal risky portfolios.38. The dominant capital allocation line is the combination of the risk-free asset and the:A. optimal risky portfolio.B. levered portfolio of risky assets.C. global minimum-variance portfolio.39. Compared to the efficient frontier of risky assets, the dominant capital allocation line has higher rates of return for levels of risk greater than the optimal risky portfolio because of the investor's ability to:A. lend at the risk-free rate.B. borrow at the risk-free rate.C. purchase the risk-free asset.40. With respect to the mean-variance theory, the optimal portfolio is determined by each individual investor's:A. risk-free rate.B. borrowing rate.C. risk preference.Chapter 4 Portfolio Risk and Return: Part II PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 41. The line depicting the risk and return of portfolio combinations of a risk-free asset and any risky asset is the:A. security market line.B. capital allocation line.C. security characteristic line.2. The portfolio of a risk-free asset and a risky asset has a better risk-return tradeoff than investing in only one asset type because the correlation between the risk-free asset and the risky asset is equal to:A. - 1.0.B. 0.0.C. 1.0.3. With respect to capital market theory, an investor's optimal portfolio is the combination of a risk-free asset and a risky asset with the highest:A. expected return.B. indifference curve.C. capital allocation line slope.4. Highly risk-averse investors will most likely invest the majority of their wealth in:A. risky assets.B. risk-free assets.C. the optimal risky portfolio.5. The capital market line, CML, is the graph of the risk and return of portfolio combinations consisting of the risk-free asset and:A. any risky portfolio.B. the market portfolio.C. the leveraged portfolio.6. Which of the following statements most accurately defines the market portfolio in capital market theory? The market portfolio consists of all:A. risky assets.B. tradable assets.C. investable assets.7. With respect to capital market theory, the optimal risky portfolio:。
《金融工程》(第三版)课后习题参考答案.doc
《金融工程》高等教育出版社郑振龙陈蓉主编(第三版)课后习题参考答案《金融工程》高等教育出版社(郑振龙、陈蓉主编/第三版)课后习题参考答案第1章金融工程概述7.该说法是正确的。
从图1.3中可以看出，如果将等式左边的标的资产多头移至等式右边，整个等式左边就是看涨期权空头，右边则是看跌期权空头和标的资产空头的组合。
9. lOOOOe 5% 4.u82元M2725.21 10.每年计一次复利的年利率=(1+0.14/4) 4-1=14.75% 连续复利年利率= 41n(l+0.14/4)=13.76%o 11,连续复利年利率=121n(l+0.15/12)=14.91%。
12. 12%连续复利利率等价的每季度支付一次利息的年利率=4 (0.03e-l) =12.18%。
因此每个季度可得的利息=10000xl2.8%/4=304.55元。
第2章远期与期货概述1.2007年4月16日，该公司向工行买入半年期美元远期，意味着其将以764.21人民币/100美元的价格在2007年10月18日向工行买入美元。
合约到期后，该公司在远期合约多头上的盈亏=10000 (71)52。
,637 64 .21)11 5,8 0 0 2,收盘时，该投资者的盈亏= (1528.9 —1530.0)x250=-275美元；保证金账户余额=19,688-275 = 19,413美元。
若结算后保证金账户的金额低于所需的维持保证金，即19,688 (S &P时5(即S&0P5000指数指期货结算价数＜1514.3期时)，货结算价1 530 )250 lv5,750交易商会收到追缴保证金通知，而必须将保证金账户余额补足至19,688美元。
3.他的说法是不对的。
首先应该明确，期货(或远期)合约并不能保证其投资者未来一定盈利，但投资者通过期货(或远期)合约获得了确定的未来买卖价格，消除了因价格波动带来的风险。
本例中，汇率的变动是影响公司跨国贸易成本的重要因素，是跨国贸易所面临的主要风险之一，汇率的频繁变动显然不利于公司的长期稳定运营(即使汇率上升与下降的概率相等)；而通过买卖外汇远期(期货)，跨国公司就可以消除因汇率波动而带来的风险，锁定了成本，从而稳定了公司的经营。
郑振龙《金融工程》第2版课后习题(金融工程概述)【圣才出品】
郑振龙《金融工程》第2版课后习题第一章金融工程概述1．如何理解金融工程的内涵答：金融工程是综合运用现代金融学、工程方法和信息技术，运用各种基础性和衍生性的证券，设计、开发和应用新型的金融产品，以达到创造性地解决金融问题、管理风险的根本目标的一种技术。
金融工程的内涵可从以下方面理解：（1）金融工程的根本目的是解决金融问题在现实生活中，所有经济主体都有各自的金融问题：企业管理者需要考虑利率变化、汇率变动、原材料与产品价格波动对企业财务和经营的影响；金融机构面临着如何管理金融风险、如何寻求特定风险下的收益最大化等。
金融工程的根本目的就是为各种金融问题提供创造性的解决方案，满足市场丰富多样的金融需求。
（2）金融工程的主要内容是产品设计、定价与风险管理产品设计是金融工程的基本内容，其本质是对各种证券风险收益特征的匹配与组合，以达到预定的目标。
产品设计完成之后，准确的定价是核心所在。
风险管理是金融工程的核心。
在现实生活中，很多情况下，风险管理与设计、定价是相辅相成，缺一不可的。
（3）金融工程运用的主要工具是基础证券与金融衍生产品基础性证券主要包括股票和债券，还包括银行存款、贷款。
金融衍生证券主要包括远期、期货、互换和期权四种。
尽管只有6种基本工具，随组合方式不同、结构不同、比重不同、头寸方向不同、挂钩的市场要素不同，这些基本工具所能构造出来的产品是变幻无穷的。
正是因为这个原因，这门技术与学科才被称为“金融工程”。
（4）金融工程的主要技术手段是现代金融学、工程方法与信息技术在金融工程中，既需要风险收益、无套利定价等金融思维和技术方法，又需要“积木思想”（即把各种基本工具组合形成新产品）和系统性思维等工程思维，还需要能够综合采用各种工程技术方法如数学建模、数值计算、网络图解和仿真模拟等处理各种金融问题。
最后，由于数据处理和计算高度复杂，金融工程还必须借助信息技术的支持。
除了需要计算机网络及时获取和发送信息外，还需要先进的计算机硬件和软件编程技术的支持，以满足大量复杂的模拟与计算的需要。
金融工程第七版课后习题答案中文
第1章导言练习题1.1请解释远期多头与远期空头的区别。
答：远期多头指交易者协定将来以某一确定价格购入某种资产；远期空头指交易者协定将来以某一确定价格售出某种资产。
1.2请详细解释套期保值、投机与套利的区别。
答：套期保值指交易者采取一定的措施补偿资产的风险暴露；投机不对风险暴露进行补偿，是一种“赌博行为”；套利是采取两种或更多方式锁定利润。
1.3请解释签订购买远期价格为$50的远期合同与持有执行价格为$50的看涨期权的区别。
答：第一种情况下交易者有义务以50$购买某项资产（交易者没有选择），第二种情况下有权利以50$购买某项资产（交易者可以不执行该权利）。
1.4一位投资者出售了一个棉花期货合约，期货价格为每磅50美分，每个合约交易量为50，000磅。
请问期货合约结束时，当合约到期时棉花价格分别为（a）每磅48.20美分；（b）每磅51.30美分时，这位投资者的收益或损失为多少？答：(a)合约到期时棉花价格为每磅$0.4820时，交易者收入：（$0.5000-$0.4820）×50，000＝$900;(b)合约到期时棉花价格为每磅$0.5130时，交易者损失:($0.5130-$0.5000) ×50，000=$6501.5假设你出售了一个看跌期权，以$120执行价格出售100股IBM的股票，有效期为3个月。
IBM股票的当前价格为$121。
你是怎么考虑的？你的收益或损失如何？答：当股票价格低于$120时，该期权将不被执行。
当股票价格高于$120美元时，该期权买主执行该期权，我将损失100(st-x)。
1.6你认为某种股票的价格将要上升。
现在该股票价格为$29,3个月期的执行价格为$30的看跌期权的价格为$2.90.你有$5,800资金可以投资。
现有两种策略：直接购买股票或投资于期权，请问各自潜在的收益或损失为多少？×(29-p),后者损答：股票价格低于$29时，购买股票和期权都将损失，前者损失为$5,800$29×(p-29),购买期权损失为失为$5，800;当股票价格为（29，30），购买股票收益为$5,800$29×(p-29)，购买期权收益为$5,800;当股票价格高于$30时，购买股票收益为$5,800$29$$5,800×(p-30)-5,800。
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金融工程老师划题目的部分答案1.1请解释远期多头与远期空头的区别。
答：远期多头指交易者协定将来以某一确定价格购入某种资产；远期空头指交易者协定将来以某一确定价格售出某种资产。
1.2请详细解释套期保值、投机与套利的区别。
答：套期保值指交易者采取一定的措施补偿资产的风险暴露；投机不对风险暴露进行补偿，是一种“赌博行为”；套利是采取两种或更多方式锁定利润。
1.8你认为某种股票的价格将要上升。
现在该股票价格为$29,3个月期的执行价格为$30的看跌期权的价格为$2.90.你有$5,800资金可以投资。
现有两种策略：直接购买股票或投资于期权，请问各自潜在的收益或损失为多少？答：股票价格低于$29时，购买股票和期权都将损失，前者损失为($5,800/$29)×(29-p),后者损失为$5，800;当股票价格为（29，30），购买股票收益为($5,800/$29)×(p-29),购买期权损失为$5,800;当股票价格高于$30时，购买股票收益为($5,800/$29)×(p-29)，购买期权收益为$($5,800/$29)×(p-30)-5,800。
2.1请说明未平仓合约数与交易量的区别。
答：未平仓合约数既可以指某一特定时间里多头合约总数，也可以指空头合约总数，而交易量是指在某一特定时间里交易的总和约数。
3.1一家银行给你的报价如下:年利率14％，按季度计复利。
问：(a)等价的连续复利利率为多少？(b)按年计复利的利率为多少？解：(a)等价的连续复利为4ln(1+0.14/4) ＝0.1376 或每年13.76％。
（b）按年计复利的利率为(1+0.14/4)^4＝0.1475 或每年14.75%。
3.4一种股票指数现为350。
无风险年利率为8％（连续复利计息）。
指数的红利收益为每年4％。
一份四个月期限的期货合约价格为多少？解：期货合约价格为350e^( 0.08-0.04 )＝$354.73.8一人现在投资$1,000，一年后收回$1,100，当按以下方式计息时，年收益为多少？(a)按年计复利(b)以半年计复利(c)以月计复利(d)连续复利解：（a）按年计复利时收益为1100/1000－1＝0.1 或每年10%的收益率。
（b）半年计复利的收益率为1000(1+R/2)＝1100 i.e. 1+2/R==1.0488 所以=0.0976,年收益率为9.76%。
(c)以月计复利的为1000(1+R/12)^12＝1000 i.e. (1+R/12)=1.00797 所以＝0.0957,年收益率为9.57%。
（d）连续复利为1000e^R=1100 所以R＝ln1.1=0.0953，即年收益率为9.53%。
3.16瑞士和美国按连续复利计息的两个月期的年利率分别为3％和8％。
瑞士法郎即期价格为$0.6500。
两个月后交割的合约的期货价格为$0.6600。
问存在怎样的套利机会？解：理论期货价格为0.65e^0.1667(0.08-0.03)＝0.6554 实际期货价格高估。
套利者可以通过借入美元买入瑞士法郎同时卖出瑞士法朗期货合约来套利。
3.17银的现价为每盎司$9。
储存费用为每盎司每年$0.24,每季度支付一次而且要预先支付，假设所有期限的利率均为每年10％(连续复利计息)，计算九个月到期的银的期货价格？解：九个月的储存费用为0.06+0.06e^(-0.25*0.1)+0.06e^(-0.5*0.1)=0.176所以期货的价格F0 为(9.000+0.176)e^0.1*0.75=9.893.24一种股票预计在两个月后会每股支付$1红利，五个月后再支付一次。
股票价格为$50,无风险年利率为8%(对任何到期日连续复利计息)。
一位投资者刚刚持有这种股票的六个月远期合约的空头头寸。
解：利用等式（3.7）,六个月的远期合约价格为150 e^(0.070.032)*0.5=152.883.25一家银行让一家公司客户从以下两种方案中选择：按11％的年利率借现金或按2%的年利率借黄金，（如果借黄金，利息及本金要用黄金支付。
因此今天借100盎司黄金一年后要支付102盎司的黄金）。
无风险年利率为9.25%,储存费用为每年0.5%。
请分析黄金贷款的年利率与现金贷款的年利率相比是太高了还是太低了？其中两个贷款的利率都用年复利表示。
无风险利率和储存成本用连续复利表示。
解：黄金年利率为（102－100）/100=0.02 由式3.3得，连续复利为In(1+0.02)=0.0198<<(9.25+0.5)=9.75因此，黄金贷款年利率与现金贷款的年利率相比是太低了。
5.1解：由公式F=(R2*T2-R1*T1)/(T2-T1)得：第二年远期利率=7.0％第三年远期利率＝6.6％第四年远期利率＝6.4% 第五年远期利率＝6.5%5.2解：当利率期限结构向上时，远期利率>零息票利率>附息票债券利率，即c>a>b; 当利率期限结构向下时，相反：b>a>c.5.3解：考虑面值为＄100 的债券，它的价格是对各期现金流的现值和，贴现率既可选择债券的收益率，也可选择各期的即期利率。
这里已知债券的年收益率为10.4％，半年为 5.2％，用它作为贴现率计算价格：4/1.052+4/1.052^2+4/1.052^3=96.74得到价格后，又可转而计算即期利率，已知半年和一年的即期利率为10%,设18 个月的即期利率为R，则：4/1.05+4/1.05^2+4/(1+R/2)^3=96.74解得R＝10.42％。
5.5解：因为短期国债报价＝360/90*（100-现金价格）＝10 解得该短期国债的现金价格为97.5。
按连续复利计算的90 天收益率为：365/90*㏑（1+2.5/97.5）＝10.27％。
6.1解：公司A 在固定利率借款上有比较优势而需要浮动利率借款，公司B 在浮动利率借款上有比较优势而需要固定利率借款，因此，存在互换的基础。
固定利率的差值为1.4％，浮动利率的差值为0.5％，因此总的获利为0.9％。
已知金融机构获利0.1％，则公司A、B 各获利0.4％。
则公司 A 实际上以LIBOR－0.3％借浮动借款，公司实际上B 以13.0％借固定利率借款。
互换如下图所示：6.8 解：公司X 的比较优势在浮动利率投资，而需要的是固定利率投资；公司Y 的比较优势在固定利率投资，而需要的是浮动利率投资，因此存在互换的基础。
固定利率差为0.8％，浮动利率差为0，因此互换总的获利为0.8％。
已知银行获利0.2％，则两公司各获利0.3％。
即公司X实际上以8.3％的固定利率投资，Y 实际上以LIBOR+0.3％的浮动利率投资。
互换安排如下图：6.118.10一个期限为4 个月的无红利支付股票的欧式看涨期权现价为$5，股票价格为$64，执行价格为$60，1个月后发红利$0.08。
对所有期限的无风险年利率为12％。
对套利者而言存在什么样的机会。
解：执行价格现值为60e^0.3333*0.12=57.65，红利现值为0.8e^(-0.00833*0.12)=0.79。
因为，5<64-57.65，所以，应买看涨期权的同时卖空股票，则无论如何，均将获利。
1）如果股价降到低于$60，套利者将在期权损失$5，但从空头股票上至少可获得64-57.65-0.79=5.56（现值）利润。
2）如果到期日股价高于$60，套利者可获5.56－5.00＝$0.56(现值)利润。
9.19三种同一股票看跌期权有相同的到期日。
执行价格为$55、$60和$65，市场价格分别为$3、$5 和$8。
解释如何构造蝶式价差期权。
做出表格说明这种策略带来的赢利性。
请问：股票价格在什么范围时，蝶式价差期权将导致损失呢？解：蝶式价差期权可通过分别买入1 份执行价格为$55 和$65，同时卖空2 份执行价格为$60 的看跌期权构造。
其收益状况如下：股价蝶式价差期权损益St >=65 －160< = St <65 64－55<= St <60 －56St <55 －1 所以，当St>64 或St <56 时，蝶式价差期权将导致损失。
9.21有如下四种有价证券组合。
画出简图说明投资者收益和损失随最终股票价格的变化情况。
(a)一份股票和一份看涨期权的空头(b)两份股票和一份看涨期权的空头(c)一份股票和两份看涨期权的空头(d)一份股票和四份看涨期权的空头每种情况中，假设看涨期权的执行价格等于目前股票价格。
解：(a)该组合等价于一份固定收益债券多头，其损益V =St+C ，不随股票价格变化。
（V为组合损益，C为期权费，下同）如图8.2：(b)该组合等价于一份股票多头与一份固定收益债券多头，其损益为V=St+C，与股价同向同幅度变动。
（为最终股票价格，下同）如图8.3(c)该组合等价于一份固定收益债券多头与一份看涨期权空头，其损益为V=2C-max（St-S0，0），与股价变动方向相反。
（为期权执行价格，即股票目前价格，下同）如图8.4(d)该组合等价于一份固定收益债券多头与三份看涨期权空头，其损益为V=4C-3max(St-S0,0) 与股价变动方向相反。
如图8.510.1 股票现价为$40。
已知在一个月后股价为$42 或$38。
无风险年利率为8％（连续复利）。
执行价格为$39 的1 个月期欧式看涨期权的价值为多少？解：考虑一资产组合：卖空 1 份看涨期权；买入Δ份股票。
若股价为$42，组合价值则为42Δ－3；若股价为$38，组合价值则为38Δ当42Δ－3＝38Δ，即Δ＝0.75 时，组合价值在任何情况下均为$28.5，其现值为：，28.5 e^(-0.08*0.08333)= 28.31即：－f＋40Δ＝28.31 其中f为看涨期权价格。
所以，f＝40×0.75－28.31＝$1.6910.13某个股票的现价为$25。
已知2 个月后，股价会变为$23 或$27。
无风险年利率为10％（连续复利）。
设为2 个月后的股票价格。
在这时收益为的衍生证券的价值为多少？解：2 个月后，衍生证券的价值将为529（当股价为$23 时）或729（当股价为$27 时）。
考虑如下资产组合：＋Δ份股票－1 份衍生证券2 个月后，该资产组合的价值将为23Δ－529 或27Δ－729。
当23Δ－529＝27Δ－729，即Δ＝50 时，无论股价如何变化，该资产组合价值均将为$621；此时组合的Δ值是无风险的。
组合的现值为：50×25－f 其中f 是衍生资产的价值。
因为该资产组合是无风险的，则有：(50*25-f)e^0.10*0.16667=621即: f =639.3 此外，也可直接利用公式（9.2）及（9.3）计算。