PPT课件 until

Until的用法

1. prep. up to a specified time (直到某一时刻)或up to the time of a specified event (直到发生某事)

2. conj. up to the time when (直到……时为止)

用于肯定句中：

表示主句的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间或从句动作发生或状态出现时为止，即表示动作的终点。一般可译为“直到……时(为止)”或“在……以前”。在这种用法中，句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词)，如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。

1) It may last until Friday. 这可能要延续到星期五。

2) He will be working until 5 o'clock. 他将一直工作到五点钟。

3) She was a bank clerk until the war, when she trained as a nurse. 她战前是个银行职员，战时受训当了护士。

4) I have remembered her until now. 直到现在我还记得她。

5) Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走就会看见指示牌了。

6) He ran until he was breathless. 他一直跑到气喘吁吁才停下。

7) I'll wait until he arrives and then I'll leave. 我要等他来以后再离开。

8) Go straight on until you come to a large red building. 一直往前，走到一幢高大的红色建筑物为止。

9) Let's wait until the rain stops. 咱们等雨停吧。

10) The teacher kept on asking the students questions until the bell rang. 老师反复向学生提问，直到下课铃响。

用于否定句中：

表示主句的动作直到until短语所表示的时间或在从句的动作发生之后才开始发生，也即是主句的动作在until短语所表示的时间或在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生。表示动作的起点。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。一般译为“直到……才”或“直到……之前(……还不)”。

1) The secret was never told until after the old man's death. 这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来。

2) Don't open it until your birthday. 等到你过生日那天再打开。

3) She didn't sleep until eight. 她八点钟才睡觉。

4) I hadn't realized she was foreign until she spoke. 她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。

5) I won't stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放我，我就一直喊叫。

6) I shan't do that until you come back. 在你回来之前，我不会干那件事。

7) We won't come to any decision until we have had a chance to discuss the problem thoroughly.我们有机会充分讨论这个问题再决定下来。

8) Until you told me I had no idea of it. 在你告诉我之前，我对此一无所知。

not until的倒装与强调结构

1.当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为: Not until + 从句/表时间的词+ 助动词

+ (主句)主语+ 谓语+ ...。如:

1)The students did not stop talking until the teacher came in.→

Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.

直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。

2)The sports meeting will not be held until next week. →

Not until next week will the sports meeting be held.直到下周才开运动会。

3)Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th century. →

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。

4)I did not realize how much time I had wasted until I began to work. →

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

2.not until 强调结构为:It is / was not until + 从句/表时间的词+ that + ...。上面两句改为

强调句为:

1)It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.

2)It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.

3)It was not until the early years of the 19th century that man knew what heat is.

4)It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.

Until和till, by, before的区别：

1.until和till区别

until是till的强调形式，但是它们表达的意义是相同的，都表示"直到某时"。

He waits until / till the children are asleep. 他等着直到孩子们睡熟。

I shall stay here until / till twelve o'clock. 我将留在这里一直到十二点钟。

He didn't come until / till late in the morning. 他直到早上很迟才来。

He didn't arrive until / till the game had begun. 直到比赛开始他才到。

注意：主句为一般将来时，until / till引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：He couldn't ride until / till he was fifteen years old. 他直到十五岁才会骑自行车。

1)用于“It is / was not until...that”或含有“not...until...”的强调结构中，其中的until

不能改为till。

It was not until the film had begun that he arrived. 直到电影开始他才到。

It is not until 8:00 that we begin our class every day. 我们每天八点开始上课。

2)Not until放在句首时，句子要倒装，其中的until不能改为till。

Not until the last moment did he change his mind. 直到最后一刻他才改变主意。

Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到午夜雨才停。

3)句首通常只用until，不用till。

Until then, I knew nothing at all about it. 在那之前，我对此事一无所知。

Until you told me I had no idea of it. 在你告诉我之前，我对此一无所知。

4)某些固定词组或谚语中通常只用till。

from morning till night 从早到晚。

up till now直到现在。

2.until和by的区别

1)by表示在某特定的时间之前或不迟于某特定的时间,意为"最迟在;不迟于"或"

在……之前"等。

I will finish my task by nine. 我将在九点钟前完成任务。

The plane takes off at 10:00, so you must try to be at the airport by 9:30. 飞机在十点钟

起飞,所以你必须在九点半赶到机场。