英语学习中的六种基本句型结构87012

英语学习中的六种基本句型结构

句型1：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语动词)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：

1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。

2) The little girl cried even harder. 小女孩哭得更厉害了。

3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

句型2：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语)

复合谓语这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, remain, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep, feel等。如：

1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：

1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.

春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

2) The tree has grown much taller than before.

这棵树比以前长得高多了。

三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语动词) ＋Object (宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：

1) He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。

2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)

当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。

3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）

她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

※只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：want, hope, expect, intend, demand, plan, decide, determine, promise, agree, refuse, prepare, manage, set out等。

初中英语教材里后接动名词和不定式作宾语的动词

一、有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。例如：

help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，learn，plan，manage，agree，

fail，offer，happen，seem等等。

例如：He refused to speak on the radio.

二、有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语：

mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，consider，miss，keep(on)，avoid避开，躲开，stand(忍受)，

allow ，practicegive up，put off，look forward to期待，期望，feel like想要做某事，

prevent…from，阻止can't help禁不住，不由自主迫不及待，be/get used to ，be worth doing，be busy doing

例如：

His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.

I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.

She doesn't feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.

三、有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如：

like，love，hate，prefer，begin，start.

注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。

例如：

When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.

After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.

四、有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：

A．remember，forget，接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义：

例如：Please remember to bring me the book I want next time. I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before. B．mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……；mean doing：意味着，就是

例如：I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings，Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class. C．stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stop doing停止干……，动名词作宾语。

例如：After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.

After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.

D．try：try to do，努力，试图干……事；try doing：试着干……事。例如：He searched everywhere and tried to find his key. He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.

E．want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，表示"需要、该……"；接不定式，表示"想，要干……"。

例如：The room wants cleaning.The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)

F．go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。例如：After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story. After writing his English composition he went on to work out his maths problems.

G．动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时

用动词不定式。例如：Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.

The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.

大家都知道在动词不定式to do中，“to”是不定式的标志，有了这个to，后面所跟的动词该用原形。但是to也有可以省略的时候，这个时候虽然没有了to，后面所跟的动词依然用原形。今天的每日一课就给大家总结一些省略to的动词不定式。1、情态动词（除ought 外）后的to已省略。

例：You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。

I can swim well. 我能游得很好。

2、使役动词let, have, make后，感官动词see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的to省略。

例：He made the baby crying all night long. 他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。

Let it be. 就这样吧。

when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。

注意：在这些词的用法中，用于被动语态时不能省去to。

例：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。

=They were made to work the whole night.

3、would rather/had better 后的to省略。

例：I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。

You had better take a hat with you.你最好带上一顶帽子。

4、why…/why not…句型中not后to省略。

例：why not come to my home for a dinner tonight？

今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。

5、help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to）do sth：

6、but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。

比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。

7、由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

例：He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。

一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词

afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事

agree to do sth. 赞同做某事