采矿词典地质部分
矿山采矿术语
矿体：
赋存于地壳内或地球表面，具有各种几何形 状或产状，固态的并相互连续的矿石聚集体。
矿石：
在现有技术经济条件 下，能够丛中提取有用 组分（元素、化合物或 矿物）的天然矿物聚集 体。
脉石：
矿床中与矿石伴生 的非矿部分。
探明储量：
经过地质勘查或基建、生产勘探，初步查明或 准确查明矿床特征及其工业综合开发利用技术经 济条件，所计算的矿产储量。
推断储量：
远景储量：
经普查评价，证实存在 研究和控制程度低， 矿床，根据大致查明的矿 仅能作为矿山远景规划
体赋存规律，推断评价其 远景所计算的储量。也称 推定储量。
和进一步布置地质查工 作依据的储量。
地质储量：
矿山设计和生产部门，为区别于生产矿山的三级 矿量（二级矿量），一般将矿山生产以前，由地质勘 探部门探明的各级储量，统称为地质储量。
工业储量：
探明的可供开采利用的C级及其以上级别的表内 储量。
设计储量：
经地质勘探工作探明的，设计上可作为矿山建设 和投资依据的矿产储量。
高级储量：
研究程度或可靠程度较高的，由矿山生产部 门探求的，可作为编制采掘计划依据的A级储量， 或由地质勘探阶段探求的，作为矿山首采在段设 计依据B级（或某些矿床的A级）储量。
矿化：
以矿物侵染可补给作用，以及使金属转
变为氧化物、硫化物等而成矿的作用。
矿物：
矿产：
由地质作用形成 的天然、均质、无 机和结晶的物相或 化合物。
一切埋藏地下或 分布于地表的，可 供人类开发利用的 天然矿物资源。
矿带：
与一定构造岩相带、区域构造断裂带、 构造体系列矿床的地带。
采矿专业英语词汇
采矿专业英语词汇英语材料1采矿专业英语1 概述1 mining 采矿2 underground mining 地下采矿3 open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining 露天采矿4 mining engineering 采矿工程5 mining technology 采矿工艺6 underground mining 地下矿山7 surface mining 露天矿山8 exploitation 开采scope of exploitation 开采范围；910 exploration 勘探11 mine feasibility study 矿山可行性研究12 mine capacity 矿山规模13 mine production capacity 矿山生产能力14 mining schedule 采矿计划15 annual mine output 矿山年产量16 mine life 矿山服务年限17 mine construction 矿山基本建设18 mine construction period 矿山建设期限19 arrival at mine full capacity 矿山达产20 mining intensity 开采强度21 rock mechanics 岩石力学22 rock mass mechanics 岩体力学1 crust 地壳，外壳mineral deposit 矿床2 mine field 矿田3 mine 矿山4 orebody 矿体blind orebody 盲矿体；buried orebody 隐伏矿体；irregular-shaped orebody 不规则矿体；marginal orebody 边缘矿体5 vein 矿脉6 ore 矿石7 grade 品位geological grade 地质品位；average grade 平均品位；cut-off grade 边界品位；economic grade 经济品位8 industrial ore 工业矿石9 extracted ore 采出矿石10 hanging wall 上盘11 footwall 下盘12 bedrock 基岩13 mineralization 成矿作用14 mining area 矿区15 outcrop 露头16 reserve 储量ore reserve 矿石储量；proved reserve 探明储量17 strike 走向18 dip 倾向dip angle 倾角；19 lead 铅20 aluminium 铝21 zinc 锌22 tin 锡23 mercury 汞24 antimony 锑25 platinum 铂3 开拓系统1 chamber 硐室2 crosscut 石门，联络巷；3 footrill 平硐4 decline 斜坡道5 entry 平巷main entry 主巷6 inset 马头门loading room 装矿硐室7 pump station 泵站8 orepass 放矿溜井9 portal 井口10 pump station 泵站11 ramp 斜坡道12 shaft 竖井main shaft 主井；auxiliary shaft 副井；ventilation shaft 通风井；intake shaft 进风井；inclined shaft 斜井shaft station 井底车场13 substation 变电所central substation 中央变电所；14 slope 斜井15 sump 水仓16 tunnel 巷道4 采矿方法1 dip 下山2 rise 上山3 drill 钻孔drilling 凿岩；drilling blasting 凿岩爆破；4 mining method 采矿方法5 parallel working 平行作业6 pillar 矿柱safety pillar 安全矿柱；7 stope 采场stoping sequence 回采顺序；stope arrangement 采场布置8 block open stoping 阶段矿房法room and pillar 房柱法shrinkage stope 留矿法9 sublevel open stoping (SLOS) 分段矿房法block caving method 阶段崩落法10 sublevel caving method 分段崩落法top slicing 分层崩落法cut-and-fill stoping 上向分层充填法drill-and-fill method stoping 上向进路充填法long-wall fill stoping 长壁充填法working face 工作面line of least resistance 最小抵抗线5 通风排水系统1 ventilation 通风ventilation system 通风系统；2 drainage 排水drainage pipeline 排水管道；3 return shaft 回风井4 intake shaft 进风井6 机械设备1 air compressor 空气压缩机2 cage 罐笼3 dump track 卸土车4 detonator 雷管5 detonating tube 导爆管6 detonating cord 导爆索7 electronic powered slusher 电耙8 electric excavator 电铲gravel pump 砂泵9 headframe 井架10 hoist house 提升机房11 landing platform 摇台roller-bit rotary rig 牙轮钻机12 skip 箕斗2商务英语2.1词汇1 deficit 赤字，不足额2 commodity 商品，货物3 concentration n. 浓度；集中；浓缩；专心；集合average concentration 平均含量consumption 消耗，消费4 emission 排放物，辐射5 equivalent adj.等价的，相等的；同意义的；n.等价物，相等物6 reclamation 复垦，再利用spot 现货，股票7 sustainability 持续性8 strike 罢工9 ultimate n.终极；根本；基本原则；adj.最终的；极限的；根本的10 versus 对抗，与……相对不常用名词1 phosphate n.[化]磷酸盐；[地]皮膜化成2 potash n.碳酸钾；草碱；苛性钾；钾化合3 uranium n. [化]铀2.2口语Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎才能带来机遇。
采矿基础术语
基础术语常识回采工作面在煤层或矿床的开采过程中，一般把直接进行采煤或采有用矿物的工作空间称为回采工作面或简称为采场。
赋存在煤层之上的岩层称为顶板或称为上覆岩层，位于煤层下方的岩层称为底板。
一般把直接位于煤层上方的一层或几层性质相近的岩层称为直接顶。
它通常由具有一定稳定性且易于随工作回术放顶而垮落的页岩，砂页岩或粉砂岩等岩层组成。
3 岩石岩石是组成地壳的基本物质，由各种造岩矿物或岩屑在地质作用下按一定规律组合而成。
为与自然状态下的岩体有所区别，多数岩石力学文献中，岩石是指从岩体中取出的，尺寸不大的块体物质，有时又称岩块。
岩石按不同的标准可分为不同类型，常见的分类有成因，矿物颗粒间的结合特征，岩石力学强度和坚实性。
4 雷管雷管是爆破工程的主要起爆材料，它的作用是产生起爆能来引爆各种炸药及导爆索、传爆管。
雷管分为火雷管和电雷管两种。
煤矿井下放炮均采用电雷管。
电雷管分为瞬发电雷管和延期电雷管。
而延期电雷管又分为秒延期电雷管和毫秒延期电雷管。
5 莫尔强度理论莫尔于1900年提出了莫尔强度理论，认为材料发生破坏是由于材料的某一面上剪应力达到一定的限度，而这个剪应力与材料本身性质和正应力在破坏面上所造成的摩擦阻力有关。
即材料发生破坏除了取决于该点的剪应力，还与该点正应力相关。
这是目前岩石力学中应用最广泛的理论。
岩石沿某一面上的剪应力和该面上的正应力理论可表述为三部分。
一，表示材料上一点应力状态的莫尔应力圆，二，强度曲线，三，将莫尔应力圆和强度曲线联系起来，建立莫尔强度准则。
6 原岩应力地壳中由于没有受到人类工程活动（如矿井开掘巷道等）的影响的岩体称为原岩体，简称原岩。
存在于地层中示受工程扰动的天然应力为原岩应力，也称为岩体初始应力，绝对应力或地应力。
天然存在于原岩内而与人为因素无关的应力场称为原岩应力场。
原岩应力的形成主要与地球的各种动力运动过程有关，包括：板块边界受压，地幔热对流，地球内应力，地心引力，地球旋转，岩浆侵入和地壳非均匀扩容等。
采矿词汇
英语词汇分类72：矿业、采矿bed, deposit, field 书馆矿床outcrop 露头fault 断层vein, sean, lode矿脉gold reef 金矿矿脉pocket 矿穴reservoir 储藏water table 潜水面，地下水面mine 矿stratum, layer矿层quarry 露天采石clay pit 粘土矿坑peat bog 泥炭沼gold nugget 块金gangue 脉石，矿石，尾矿prospector 探矿者prospecting 探矿boring, drilling 钻探auger, drill 钻excavation 发掘quarrying, extraction 采石borer, drill, drilling machine 钻机stonemason 石工锤stonecutter 切石机miner 矿工mining engineer 采矿工程师pan 淘金盘综（放）采工作面full-mechanized (caving) mining face 炮采工作面blasting mining face机采工作面mechanized mining face（急）倾斜煤层(steeply) inclined coal seam走向strike倾向direction dip,dip,inclination矿山压力underground pressure支承压力abutment pressure上覆岩层overlying rock strata薄、中厚、厚煤层thin,medium thick,thick coal seam （松散）含水层(loose) aquifer裂缝带crack zone垮落带caving zone顶、底板roof,floor顶煤top coal（掩护式）液压支架(shield) powered support割煤机coal cutter刮板机scrapper胶带输送机belt conveyor片帮coal slide冒顶roof fall岩爆（矿震、冲积矿压）rock burst自燃spontaneous combustion防水（砂）煤柱water(sand)-proof coal pillar 陷落柱collapse column煤（岩）巷coal(rock) roadway沿空巷道roadway along gob围岩surrounding rock突水water bursting"三软" soft roof,soft coal,soft floor地应力ground stress（开采）地表沉陷(mining) surface subsidence 高产高效high production and high efficiency 回风巷ventilation roadway运输巷transportation roadway火成岩（岩浆岩）igneous rock厚冲积层thick alluvium条带开采strip mining移动、变形movement,distortion极限平衡区limit equilibrium area可靠性，可行性，合理性，适应性reliability, feasibility, rationality,adaptability采出率、回收率mining rate,recovery rate埋管注氮nitrogen injection with buried pipe复合顶板combined roof断层fault喷浆grouting动压dynamic pressure地质灾害geological disasterEH-4电导率成像系统EH-4 electro-conducibility imaging system透气性（渗透性）permeability倾向性liability井下underground设备配套equipment match选型设计lectotype design撤架dismantling supports加固reinforcing安全阀safety valve积水seeper柔性支架flexible support伪斜apparent dip绞车房hoist room(winder chamber)暗立（斜）井blind (slope) shaft底臌floor heave破碎顶板cracked roof解放层protective coal seam电阻应变仪resistance strain instument坑口电厂pithead power plantcoal field 煤田coal mine 煤矿矿井colliery 煤矿opencast working 露天开采level 主平巷working face 工作面winding shaft, hoisting shaft 提升井ventilation shaft 通风井pithead, mine entrance 矿井口,井口gallery 平峒,平巷timbering, shoring 撑材,支护prop, shore 支柱lining, planking 加衬air vent 气孔,排气口truck 斗车slag 矿渣slag heap 矿渣场tip 矿渣堆collier, coal miner 矿工,煤矿工人pick 镐shovel 铲,锹wedge 楔子jumper 钻孔机explosive 炸药charge 凿岩机blast hole 钻孔undercutter 擦伤miner's lamp, safety lamp 矿灯,安全灯fire damp explosion 瓦斯爆炸cave-in 陷落landslide 坍落flooding 漫灌asphyxia, suffocation, gassing 窒息insulating tape 绝缘胶带jack 千斤顶can, jerrican 油桶fuel 燃油petrol 汽油(美作:gas)oil 油料lubrication, oiling 润滑油antifreeze 防冻液cooling water 冷却水antiskid 防滑装置tyre chain 防滑链(美作:tire chain) toolbox, tool kit 工具箱crank 摇把breakdown lorry, breakdown van 救援车辆(美作:tow car,tow truck)spare parts, spares 备件dipstick 油尺oil change 换油to vulcanize 硫化to inflate 充气tyre pressure 轮胎气压(美作:tire pressure)to fill the tank 加油petrol pump 加油泵(美作:gasoline pump)pump, air pump 气泵to adjust 整修to charge a battery, to recharge a battery 给蓄电池充电to decoke 脱硫(美作:to decarbonize)breakdown 故障mechanical failure 机械故障repair shop 维修车间to seize up 运转不畅accident 事故puncture, blowout 碰撞patch 修补to skid 打滑to knock 发出撞击声to tow, to take in tow 拖,拖曳accident insurance 事故保险insurance against theft 防盗保险fully comprehensive insurance 全险third-party insurance 第三方保险。
矿业地质专业英语词汇大全
1 总论采矿mining地下采矿underground mining露天采矿open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining采矿工程mining engineering选矿（学）mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral processing 矿物工程mineral engineering冶金（学）metallurgy过程冶金（学）process metallurgy提取冶金（学）extractive metallurgy化学冶金（学）chemical metallurgy物理冶金（学）physical metallurgy金属学Metallkunde冶金过程物理化学physical chemistry of process metallurgy冶金反应工程学metallurgical reaction engineering冶金工程metallurgical engineering钢铁冶金（学）ferrous metallurgy, metallurgy of iron and steel有色冶金(学)nonferrous metallurgy真空冶金(学)vacuum metallurgy等离子冶金(学)plasma metallurgy微生物冶金(学)microbial metallurgy喷射冶金(学)injection metallurgy钢包冶金(学)ladle metallurgy二次冶金(学)secondary metallurgy机械冶金(学)mechanical metallurgy焊接冶金(学)welding metallurgy粉末冶金(学)powder metallurgy铸造学foundry火法冶金(学)pyrometallurgy湿法冶金(学)hydrometallurgy电冶金(学)electrometallurgy氯冶金(学)chlorine metallurgy矿物资源综合利用engineering of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources中国金属学会The Chinese Society for Metals中国有色金属学会The Nonferrous Metals Society of China2 采矿采矿工艺mining technology有用矿物valuable mineral冶金矿产原料metallurgical mineral raw materials矿床mineral deposit特殊采矿specialized mining海洋采矿oceanic mining, marine mining矿田mine field矿山mine露天矿山surface mine地下矿山underground mine矿井shaft矿床勘探mineral deposit exploration矿山可行性研究mine feasibility study 矿山规模mine capacity矿山生产能力mine production capacity 矿山年产量annual mine output矿山服务年限mine life矿山基本建设mine construction矿山建设期限mine construction period 矿山达产arrival at mine full capacity开采强度mining intensity矿石回收率ore recovery ratio矿石损失率ore loss ratio工业矿石industrial ore采出矿石extracted ore矿体orebody矿脉vein海洋矿产资源oceanic mineral resources 矿石ore矿石品位ore grade岩石力学rock mechanics岩体力学rock mass mechanics3 选矿选矿厂concentrator, mineral processing plant 工艺矿物学process mineralogy开路open circuit闭路closed circuit流程flowsheet方框流程block flowsheet产率yield回收率recovery矿物mineral粒度particle size粗颗粒coarse particle细颗粒fine particle超微颗粒ultrafine particle粗粒级coarse fraction细粒级fine fraction网目mesh原矿run of mine, crude精矿concentrate粗精矿rough concentrate混合精矿bulk concentrate最终精矿final concentrate尾矿tailings粉碎comminution破碎crushing磨碎grinding团聚agglomeration筛分screening, sieving分级classification富集concentration分选separation手选hand sorting重选gravity separation, gravity concentration 磁选magnetic separation电选electrostatic separation浮选flotation化学选矿chemical mineral processing自然铜native copper铝土矿bauxite冰晶石cryolite磁铁矿magnetite赤铁矿hematite假象赤铁矿martite钒钛磁铁矿vanadium titano-magnetite 铁燧石taconite褐铁矿limonite菱铁矿siderite镜铁矿specularite硬锰矿psilomelane软锰矿pyrolusite铬铁矿chromite黄铁矿pyrite钛铁矿ilmennite金红石rutile萤石fluorite高岭石kaolinite菱镁矿magnesite重晶石barite石墨graphite石英quartz方解石calcite石灰石limestone白云石dolomite云母mica石膏gypsum硼砂borax石棉asbestos蛇纹石serpentine阶段破碎stage crushing 粗碎primary crushing 中碎secondary crushing 细碎fine crushing对辊破碎机roll crusher 粉磨机pulverizer震动筛vibrating screen 筛网screen cloth筛孔screen opening筛上料oversize筛下料undersize粗磨coarse grinding细磨fine grinding球磨机ball mill衬板liner分级机classifier自由沉降free setting沉积sedimentation石灰lime松油pine oil硫化钠sodium sulfide硅酸钠（水玻璃）sodium silicate, water glass过滤filtration过滤机filter给矿，给料feeding给矿机feeder在线分析仪on line analyzer在线粒度分析仪on line size analyzer超声粒度计ultrasonic particle sizer, supersonic particle sizer。
地质采矿 (1)英汉单词
abandoned drives [ə'bændənd] [draivs] 废巷道abrasion resistance [ə'breiʒən] [ri'zistəns] 抗磨蚀能力abrasive [ə'breisiv] 磨料absorbent [əb'sɔ:bənt] 吸收剂access ramp ['ækses] [ræmp] 出入沟，出入引道accessory minerals [ək'sesəri] ['minərəls] 副矿物accidental explosion [,æksi'dentəl] [ik'spləuʒən] 意外爆炸Acid Mine Drainage 矿山酸性废水Acidic run-off water from mine waste dumps and mill tailings ponds containing sulphide minerals. Also refers to ground water pumped to surface from mines.acid mine water ['æsid] [main] ['wɔ:tə] 酸性矿水acid resistant ['æsid] [ri'zistənt] 耐酸的acid rock ['æsid] [rɔk] 酸性岩acidite ['æsidait] 酸性岩acidulation 酸化activated charcoal ['æktiveitid] ['tʃɑ:kəul] 活性煤activator ['æktiveitə] 活化剂adamic earth ['ædəmik] [ə:θ] 红粘土additive ['æditiv] 添加剂adhere [əd'hiə] 粘着adhesion force [əd'hi:ʒən] [fɔ:s] 粘附力Adit ['ædit] 平硐An opening driven horizontally into the side of a mountain or hill for providing access to a mineral deposit.adit collar ['ædit] ['kɔlə] 平硐口adit cut mining ['ædit] [kʌt] ['mainiŋ] 平硐开采adjustable prop [ə'dʒʌstəbl] [prɔp] 伸缩式支柱adobe blasting [ə'dəubi] ['blɑ:stiŋ] 裸露装药爆破adobe shot [ə'dəubi] [ʃɔt] 裸露装药爆破advancement [əd'vɑ:nsmənt, əd'væns-] 掘进advancing along the strike [əd'vɑ:nsiŋ] [ə'lɔŋ] [straik] 沿走向掘进Aeromagnetic survey 航磁测绘A geophysical survey using a magnetometer aboard, or towed behind, an aircraft.AFC-The armored face conveyor.工作面皮带输送机Used on the coal face of an underground mine to protect the workers and convey the coal to the crusherAgate ['æɡət] 玛瑙Agglomerate [ə'ɡlɔmərət, -reit, ə'ɡlɔməreit] 集块岩aggregate thickness ['æɡriɡət, 'æɡriɡeit] ['θiknis] 总厚度Agitation .搅动，搅拌In metallurgy, the act or state of being stirred or shaken mechanically, sometimes accomplished by the introduction of compressed air.Air Crossing- [εə] ['krɔ:siŋ] 气流交汇点A place where return air and fresh cross over but are still divided.air flow [εə] [fləu] 气流air intake [εə] ['inteik] 进气口air vent [εə] [vent] 气孔,排气口Airborne survey 航测 A survey made from an aircraft to obtain photographs, or measure magnetic properties, radioactivity, etc.airleg [εə] [leɡ] 气腿式钻机，风动钻架Alloy 合金A compound of two or more metals.Alluvium 冲积层；冲积土Relatively recent deposits of sedimentary material laid down in river beds, flood plains, lakes, or at the base of mountain slopes. (adj. alluvial).Alteration 蚀变Any physical or chemical change in a rock or mineral subsequent to its der and more localised than metamorphism.Alunite ['æljunait] 明矾石anchor bolts 固定螺栓Ancillary Equipment [ək'sesəri] [i'kwipmənt] 辅助设备ANFO 氨油炸药Acronym for ammonium nitrate and fuel oil, a mixture used as a blasting agent in many mines.angle of dip ['æŋɡl] [dip] 倾角anisotropic [ə，naisəu'trɔpik] .各向异性的Anomaly 异常状态Any departure from the norm which may indicate the presence of mineralisation in the underlying bedrock.anthracite ['ænθrəsait] 无烟煤A hard, black coal containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter.anticline ['æntiklain] 背斜An arch or fold in layers of rock shaped like the crest of a wave. anticlinorium [,æntiklai'nɔ:riəm] 复背斜asbestos [æz'bestɔs] 石棉asphalt ['æsfælt] 沥青asphyxia [æs'fiksiə], suffocation [,sʌfə'keiʃən], gassing ['ɡæsiŋ] 窒息Assay 化验；分析；鉴定，测定A chemical test performed on a sample of ores or minerals to determine the amount of valuable metals contained.Assay Foot 化验尺度(metre, inch,centimetre)Assessment Work 例行评估工作The amount of work, specified by mining law that must be performed each year in order to retain legal control of mining claims.associate bed [ə'səuʃi,eitid] [bed] 伴生层auger drill ['ɔ:ɡə] [dril] 螺旋钻auger mining ['ɔ:ɡə] ['mainiŋ] 螺旋钻采矿法augite ['ɔ:dʒait] 辉石autoclave ['ɔ:təkleiv]: 高压灭菌器a closed strong vessel for conducting chemical reactions under high pressure and temperature.Autogenous Grinding 自磨The process of grinding ore in a rotating cylinder using large pieces of the ore instead of conventional steel balls or rods.Back [bæk] 巷道顶部The back is the roof or overhead surface of an underground opening.back fill [bæk] [fil] : 采空区充填Waste material used to fill the void created by mining an orebodybackfill cure ['bækfil] [kjuə] 回填物凝固Backhoe [bækhəu] 反铲挖土机ball mill [bɔ:l] [mil] 球磨厂: a rotating horizontal cylinder in which ore is ground using various types of grinding media including iron balls.Basalt ['bæsɔ:lt] 玄武岩An extrusive volcanic rock composed primarily of plagioclase, pyroxene and some olivine.Base metal 基本金属，贱金属（铜、铅、锌、镍等）Any non-precious metal (e.g. copper, lead, zinc and nickel etc).Basement rocks 基岩The underlying or older rock mass. Often refers to rocks of Precambrian age which may be covered by younger rocks.basset ['bæsit] 矿层露头batch testwork 批量试验，小试Batholith 岩基A large mass of igneous rock extending to great depth with its upper portion domelike in shape. Similar, smaller masses of igneous rocks are known as bosses or plugs.Batter ['bætə] 平台坡面Baulk- [bɔ:k] 方形木材支柱Squared, round or half round timber beam set across roadway for roof support.bauxite ['bɔ:ksait] 铝土矿BCM实立方米'krɔ:s bank cubic metersBed [bed] ,deposit [di'pɔzit], field ['fi:ld] 矿床Bedding ['bediŋ] 层理bedrock [,bed'rɔk] 基岩Bench crest [bentʃ] [krest] 台阶坡顶Bench height [bentʃ] [hait] 台阶高度Bench slope [bentʃ] [sləup] 台阶坡面角Bench toe [bentʃ] [təu] 台阶坡底Benching ['bentʃiŋ] 切割巷道底部Stripping the floor. Mining the floor of a drive to lower its level/elevation.Beneficiate选矿，富集To concentrate or enrich; often applied to the preparation of iron ore for smelting.beneficiation [beni,fiʃi'eiʃən] 选矿beneficiation machinery [beni,fiʃi'eiʃən] [mə'ʃi:nəri] 选矿机械beneficiation method [beni,fiʃi'eiʃən] ['meθəd] 选矿方法beneficiation reagent [beni,fiʃi'eiʃən] [ri:'eidʒənt] 选矿试剂Berm interval [bə:m] ['intəvəl] 平台高度Berms [bə:ms] 平台Berryman- ['berimæn] 电瓶车司机The troop transport that ferries the workers from the surface to the coal face or around the mine.BFS 银行可贷款程度的可行性研究bankable feasibility studybio-concentration ['baiəu-,kɔnsən'treiʃən] 生物浸出Bio-leaching 生物淋滤，湿法冶金A process for recovering metals from low-grade ores by dissolving them in solution,the dissolution being aided by bacterial action.biotite ['baiətait] 黑云母A platy magnesium-iron mica, common in igneous rocks.Blast Engineering ['blæst] [,endʒi'niəriŋ] 爆破工程blast hole ['blæst] [həul] 爆破钻孔A drill hole in a mine that is filled with explosives in order to blast loose a quantity of rock.Blasting ['blɑ:stiŋ] 爆破Blasting Patterns ['blɑ:stiŋ] ['pætəns] 布孔方式block cave method [blɔk] [keiv] ['meθəd] 崩落采矿法An inexpensive method of mining in which large blocks of ore are undercut,causing the ore to break or cave under its own weight. Block Model [blɔk] ['mɔdəl] 块段模型Geology Block model, The tonnes, grade and metal generate by software package. a three dimensional mathematical representation of a volume of mineralisation used to estimate tonnage and grade of a deposit.Boot End [bu:t] [end] 受料漏斗- The receiving hopper situated at the end of the panel conveyor. It accepts the coal from the shuttle carBord-[bɔ:d] Bord(矿房), from bord and pillar mining.bore plug ['bɔ:rə][plʌɡ] 钻孔岩样Borer ['bɔ:rə], drill [dril], drilling machine ['driliŋ] [mə'ʃi:n] 钻机boring ['bɔ:riŋ] , drilling ['driliŋ] 钻探、钻进boundary ['baundəri] 分界线Box cut [bɔks] [kʌt] ，开段沟，井口区Brattice ['brætis] 防火服A fire resistant fabric or clothBrattice ['brætis] 屏蔽墙A temporary wall of light construction, usually made from Hessian or loose weave fabric. Brattices are usually installed to separate intake (fresh) and exhaust airflows. Break Loosely 断裂充填带used to describe a large-scale regional shear zone or structural fault. Breccia ['bretʃiə] 角砾岩: A rock in which angular fragments are surrounded by a mass of fine-grained minerals.Broken Reserves 破碎储量The ore in a mine which has been broken by blasting but which has not yet been transported to surface.brow [brau] 巷道与采空区衔接处brown coal [braun] [kəul] 褐煤Brushing ['brʌʃiŋ] 扩大巷道Digging up the bottom or taking out the top to make more headroom in roadwaysBSL- Beam Stage Loader [bi:m] [steidʒ] ['ləudə] 皮带卸料机. Connects the AFC to the main gate conveyorBucket fill factor ['bʌkit] [fil] ['fæktə] 满斗系数Bucket wheel excavators ['bʌkit] [hwi:l] ['ekskə,veitəs]斗轮挖掘机Bulk Mining 大规模开采Any large-scale, mechanised method of mining involving many thousands of tonnes of ore being brought to surface per day.Bulkhead-['bʌkhed] 牛鼻楔A tight partition of wood, rock, and mud or concrete in mines for protection against gas, fire, and water.Burden ['bə:dən]负担，（爆破）台阶抵抗线宽度Byproduct 副产品A secondary metal or mineral product recovered in the milling process. Cablebolt ['keiblbəult] 钢索锚杆Calcite ['kælsait] 方解石Capital and operating costs ['kæpitəl] ['ɔpəreitiŋ] [kɔsts] 投资和作业成本carbon circuit ['kɑ:bən] ['sə:kit] 炭回路activated carbon is used to collect gold from the leach dump solution and a chemical process is subsequently used to recover gold from the carbon. Carbonaceous [,kɑ:bəu'neiʃəs]: 碳的,碳质的,含碳的containing carbon or coal, especially shale or other rock containing small particles of carbon distributed throughout the whole mass.carbon-in-leach ("CIL")['kɑ:bən] [li:tʃ] 碳浸法A method of recovering gold and silver, in which a slurry of gold/silver-bearing ore, carbon, and cyanide are mixed together. The cyanidedissolves the gold, which is subsequently absorbed by the activated carbon whose base is usually ground coconut shells.recoveries.carbon-in-pulp ("CIP")['kɑ:bən] [pʌlp] 碳浆法process: this process is used to recover gold that has been dissolved after cyanide leach agitation. Pulp, after cyanidation, is mixed in a series of agitators with coarse activated carbon particles. Carbon is moved counter-current to the pulp, absorbing gold as it passes through the circuit. Loaded carbon is removed by screening from the lead agitated tank. Gold is recovered from the loaded carbon by stripping at elevated temperature and pressure in a caustic cyanide solution. This high-grade solution is then passed through an electrolytic cell, where gold powder is deposited on a stainless steel woven wire cathode. The gold powder is washed from the loaded cathodes and then smelted to produce dor�.Carlin-type ['ka:lin] [taip] 卡林型矿床: a deposit having characteristics similar to the Carlin Gold Mine, Nevada, USA.cave-in [keiv] 陷落Caving methods ['keiviŋ] ['meθədz] 崩落法Cavity Monitoring System (CMS) ['kævəti] ['mɔnitəriŋ] ['sistəm] :空穴监测系统，空穴体This system is a laser surveying system commonly used to survey large openings such as stopes in underground mines. The volume measurements are accurate and are able to provide the volume of openings in order to calculate the tonnage of material mined.chalk [tʃɔ:k] 白垩charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] 装炸药chemical mineral processing ['kemikəl] ['minərəl] [prəu'sesiŋ] 化学选矿Chip Sample 破碎样本A method of sampling a rock exposure whereby a regular series of small chips of rock is broken off along a line across the face.Chitter-['tʃitə] 夹矸Waste rock broken during mining and picked or washed out from the coal. Chock [tʃɔk] 巷道支柱-Timber-A roof support unit for use in large openings which consists of wooden or steel blocks stacked between the floor and the roof often filled with stone for added stabilityChromite ['krəumait] 铬铁矿Chute [ʃu:t] 溜井A chute is a loading arrangement that utilizes gravity flow to move material from a higher level to a lower level.CIM 加拿大矿业冶金石油学会Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. CIMV AL 加拿大矿业冶金石油学会评估标准CIM standards and guidelines for valuation of mineral properties.Classifier .【矿物】分级机A mineral-processing machine which separates minerals according to size and density.clay [klei] 粘土clay pit [klei] [pit] 粘土矿坑Cleat-[kli:t] 夹板Parallel cleavage planes or partings crossing the bedding and along which the coal breaks more easily than in any other directionCleavage-['kli:vidʒ] 解理The cracks in a material along which the material usually breaks or fractures. The planes along which the material fractures.coal [kəul] 煤,烟煤coal bed[kəul] [bed] 煤层coal field [kəul]['fi:ld] 煤田coal mine [kəul] [main]煤矿矿井cobalt 钴coke [kəuk] 焦,焦炭Collar 井口，孔口，入口The term applied to the timbering or concrete around the mouth of a shaft; also used to describe the top of a mill hole.Column Flotation 浮选柱A milling process, carried out in a tall cylindrical column, whereby valuable minerals are separated from gangue minerals based on their wetability properties. Complex Ore 混合矿物An ore containing a number of minerals of economic value. The term often implies that there are metallurgical difficulties in liberating and separating the valuable metals.Competent Person （或qualified person)（任务）有资质人，胜任人，Means a person who is appointed or designated by the employer to perform specified duties that the person is qualified to perform by knowledge, training and experience.concentrate ['kɔnsəntreit] : 精矿a product containing the valuable metal and from which most of the waste material in the ore has been eliminated.concentration [,kɔnsən'treiʃən] 富集，精矿concentrator ['kɔnsəntreitə] 浓缩器，浓密机: a plant for recovery of valuable minerals from ore in the form of concentrate. The concentrate must then be treated in some other type of plant, such as a smelter, to effect recovery of the pure metal.Conceptual Study 概念研究See: Preliminary Assessmentcone crusher [kəun] ['krʌʃə] 圆锥破碎机Contact 接触面A geological term used to describe the line or plane along which two different rock formations meet.continiuos pilot plant testwork 中试Continuous miner- [kən'tinjuəs] ['mainə] 连续采矿机The electric powered cutting machine used to remove coal from the face and load it into the shuttle car. It comes in a variety of makes and sizes.Contour map[kɔntʊə]等值线图contractor承包商Convention [kən'venʃən] 惯例Conventional Rotary Drilling: 传统的旋转钻进 a drilling method that produces rock chips similar to reverse circulation except that the sample is collected using a single-walled drill pipe. Air or water circulates down through the centre of the drill pipe and returns chips to the surface around the outside of the pipe;Conveyors [kən'veiəs] 皮带运输机Copper cathod阴极铜Core Barrel岩芯筒That part of a string of tools in a diamond drill hole in which the core specimen is collected.Core Drilling: 取芯钻进a drilling method that uses a rotating barrel and an annular-shaped, diamond-impregnated rock-cutting bit to produce cylindrical rock cores and lift such cores to the surface, where they may be collected, examined and assayed;Core岩芯The long cylindrical piece of rock, about an inch in diameter, brought to surface by diamond drilling.Cowl- [kaul] 控尘罩Attachment on ranging arm to suppress dust and direct coal onto armoredface conveyorCPM 关键路线法Critical Path MethodCrib Hut and Bathhouse [krib] [hʌt] ['bɑ:θhaus] 休息室Crib-[krib]休息处，休息时间meal time or break time for the workers.cross pitch [krɔ:s] [pitʃ] 走向Crosscut ['krɔ:s,kʌt] 石门，横巷A crosscut is a horizontal or nearly horizontal underground opening that is driven to intersect an orebody.Crusher station ['krʌʃə] ['steiʃən] 破碎站Crushing ['krʌʃiŋ] 破碎Cuddy ['kʌdi] 横巷，巷道槽A short drive no more than 30m in length established off declines or level development. Cuddies are used as stockpile areas, diamond drill sites, temporary storage of equipment and consumables.Custom Smelter 客户熔炼厂A smelter which processes concentrates from independent mines. Concentrates may be purchased or the smelter may be contracted to do the processing for the independent company.Cut [kʌt] 巷道掘进的一个步进循环: development face that has been drilled out to the length of the drill steel, and subsequently fired, in order to advance the development heading.cut and fill mining [kʌt] [fil] ['mainiŋ] 充填采矿法Cut Off Grade [kʌt] [ɡreid] 边界品位: A grade below which samples are not included in a resources or reserve.Cut Value 排除值Applies to assays that have been reduced to some arbitrary maximum to prevent erratic high values from inflating the average.cut-and-fill stoping [kʌt] [fil] ['stəupiŋ] 充填采矿法: A method of stoping in which ore is removed in slices, or lifts, and then the excavation is filled with rock or other waste material (backfill), before the subsequent slice is extracted.Cut-out [kʌt] [aut] 避车横巷（槽）-Opening made in a mine working in which a drill or other equipment may be placed so as not to interfere with other mining operations.Cyanidation [saiəni'deiʃən] : 氰化提金A method of extracting exposed gold or silver grains from crushed or ground ore by dissolving it in a weak cyanide solution. May be carried out in tanks inside a mill or in heaps of ore out of doors.Cyanide 氰化物A chemical species containing carbon and nitrogen used to dissolve gold and silver from ore.Cycle time ['saikl] [taim] 周期时间DD -Diamond drilling岩芯钻探deck charge(loading) [dek] [tʃɑːdʒ]分段装药Decline [di'klain] -倾斜巷道A sloping underground opening for machine access from level to level or from surface; also called a ramp.delay blast [di'lei] [blæst] 迟发爆破density ['densəti] 密度Deposit 矿床A body of rock containing valuable minerals; usage generally restricted to zones of mineralisation whose size has been wholly or partly determined through sampling. depressurization of the discharge slurry 矿浆泄压depth [depθ] 深度Detailed Definitive Feasibility Studies (DFS)详细可行性研究- Detailed feasibility studies arethe most detailed and will determine definitively whether or not to proceed with the project. A detailed feasibility study will be the basis for capital appropriation, and will provide the budget figures for the project. Detailed feasibility studies require a significant amount of formal engineering work.detonating cord ['detəneitiŋ] [kɔ:d] 导爆索Detonators ['detəneitəs] 雷管Development Drilling 掘进钻进drilling to establish accurate estimates of mineral reserves. Development Drive [di'veləpmənt] [draiv]开拓巷道development heading [di'veləpmənt]['hediŋ] 掘进巷道Development 掘进，开拓Underground work carried out for the purpose of opening up a mineral deposit. Includes shaft sinking, cross-cutting, drifting and raising.DFP设定的起爆点Defined firing pointdiamond drill ['daiəmənd] [dril]岩芯钻A rotary type of rock drill that cuts a core of rock that is recovered in long cylindrical sections, two cm or more in diameter.Diamond Drill A rotary type of rock drill that cuts a core of rock that is recovered in long cylindrical sections, two cm or more in diameter.Digging radius 挖掘半径Dilution (mining) Rock贫化岩石that is, by necessity, removed along with the ore in the mining process,subsequently lowering the grade of the ore.dilution [dai'lju:ʃən]贫化: an estimate of the amount of waste or low-grade mineralized rock which will be mined with the ore as part of normal mining practices in extracting an orebody. Dimensional stone [dɪ’menʃənəl] [stəun] 石材，石料型材diorite [daiərait] 闪长岩: an intrusive rock of magnatic origin.Dip [dip] 倾角The dip is angle at which a vein, structure or rock bed is inclined from the horizontal as measured at right angles to the strike.Discharge conveyor[kən'veiəs]卸料输送机,排土机Disseminated Ore 浸染状矿化Ore carrying small particles of valuable minerals spread more or less uniformly through the host rock.Dog-watch [dɔɡ- wɔ:tʃ] 夜班巡查- Night shift; from about 11.00 p.m. to about 7.00 a.m. depending on individual minesDolly ['dɔli] 充填长度- A length of prepared clay/sand stemming (in shotfiring).DoréBar 金条The final saleable product of a gold mine. Usually consisting of gold and silver. Dosing ['dəusiŋ] 剂量down time 故障时间，停机时间Dragline ['dræɡlain] 吊斗铲drainage ['dreinidʒ] 排水Drawpoint ['drɔ:pɔint] 放矿口A drawpoint is a place where ore can be loaded and removed. A drawpoint is located beneath the stoping area, and gravity flow is used to transfer the ore to the loading place.Drift [drift] -溜洞A drift is a horizontal or nearly horizontal underground opening. Drift is an inclined access from the surface to the coal seam or from coal seam to another coal seam. It often contains a conveyor belt or man-riding train.Drift-and-fill 向上进路充填采矿法 a method of underground mining used for flat-lying mineralisation or where ground conditions are less competent;Drill bit [dril] [bit]钻头Drill Steels 钻杆Drive [draiv] - 巷道A heading, drift, advancing place or face.Drivehead ['draivhed] -驱动头The driving mechanism of motor, gearbox and drive drum which is responsible for the movement of the conveyor belt.Due Diligence [dju:] ['dilidʒəns]尽职调查，应有的审慎, 严格评估dumpers ['dʌmpə] 转存区Dumping radius 卸载半径Dyke [daik] -岩墙An intrusive body, normally igneous rock, which has disrupted the coal seam by cutting vertically through it. Usually it has a cindered band of coal each side of the rock.EIS-Environmental impact study环保影响研究A written report, compiled prior to a production decision, that examines the effects proposed mining activities will have on the natural surroundings.electric shovel [i'lektrik] ['ʃʌvəl]电铲electrowinning [i,lektrəu'winiŋ]:电解冶金法，电积recovery of a metal from an ore by means of electro-chemical processes.Emergency Response [i'mə:dʒənsi] [ri'spɔns]紧急响应Emulsions [i'mʌlʃəns] 乳化炸药EPCM engeering procument and constuction management工程采购和建设管理Epithermal Deposit 浅成热液矿床A mineral deposit consisting of veins and replacement bodies, usually in volcanic or sedimentary rocks, containing precious metals or, more rarely, base metals. Equipment Store [i'kwipmənt] [stɔ:] 设备库Excavation [,ekskə'veiʃən]挖掘Exploration [,eksplɔ:'reiʃən] 勘探through Prospecting, sampling, mapping, diamond drilling and other work involved in searching for ore，determination of size & value of a deposit Explosive [ik'spləusiv] 炸药explosive magazine 炸药库Explosives Storage bay [ik'spləusivz] ['stɔridʒ] [bei] 炸药仓Extraction [ik'strækʃən] Sequences ['si:kwənsiz] 开采顺序Face [feis] -巷道正面The inbye end of the mine roadway, usually the working place for coal extraction.Fan [fæn] -风扇1.Auxiliary fan-辅助风扇Used in conjunction with air ducting to direct a portion of the main ventilating current to the working face. 3.Main- The "main" fan is located on the surface but other fans may be located within the workingsfault [fɔ:lt] 断层feasibility study [,fi:zə'bɪlətɪ] ['stʌdi] 可行性研究feed material给料Fine Gold Fineness 金纯度is the proportion of pure gold or silver in jewellery or bullion expressed in parts per thousand. Thus, 925 fine gold indicates 925 parts out of 1,000, or 92.5% is pure gold.Finger raise ['fiŋɡə] [reiz] 放矿溜井A finger raise is used for transferring ore. The usual arrangement is a system of several raises that branch together to the same delivery point.fire damp explosion ['faiə] [dæmp] [ik'spləuʒən]瓦斯爆炸Fire Depot ['faiə] ['depəu] -起爆点A collection of fire-fighting equipment found at boot ends andat least every 400 m along conveyors, also at other critical points in the mine. They are required by law.First Aid Centre [fə:st] [eid] ['sentə] 急救中心fissure ['fiʃə]裂缝flat-bedded or gently –inclined deposit [flæt] ['bedid] ['dʒentli] [in'klaind] [di'pɔzit] 近水平及缓倾斜矿床Flit [flit] - 设备入换To drive mining equipment such as coal cutters, loaders, continuous miners from one point to another.Floater ['fləutə] 替换员- Employee who fills the place of an absentee. Also termed a scout miner.flooding ['flʌdiŋ] 水灾,漫灌flotation ['fləu'teiʃən]: 浮选a milling process by which some mineral particles are induced to become attached to bubbles of froth and float, and others to sink, so that the valuable minerals are concentrated and separated from the gangue.fluor ['fluə:] 萤石Fold [fəuld] 褶皱: Any bending or wrinkling of the rock strata. The result of deformation processes in the earth's crust.Footwall ['futwɔ:l] 底板The footwall is the wall or rock under the ore deposit (compare dip) Force Majeure [fɔ:s] [mæ'ʒə:] 不可抗力Formulae 配方，公式Fracture 裂隙，裂痕，裂缝，裂面 A break in the rock, the opening of which allows mineral-bearing solutions to enter. A “cross-fracture”is a minor break extending at more-or-less right angles to the direction of the principal fractures.Free milling 免选矿石Ores of gold or silver from which the precious metals can be recovered by concentrating methods without resorting to pressure leaching or other chemical treatment. Front end loaders [frʌnt] [end] ['ləudəs]前装机fuel 燃料gallery ['ɡæləri] 平峒,平巷gangue [ɡæŋ] 脉石,矿石,矸石valueless rock or mineral material in ore.Geochemistry地球化学The study of the chemical properties of rocks.geologic structure [,dʒiəu'lɔdʒik] ['strʌktʃə] 地质构造Geology Control [dʒi'ɔlədʒi] [kən'trəul] 地质师控制:Mining control and mark-ups to be provided by Geologist.geomechanics [,dʒi:əumi'kæniks] 岩石力学Geophysical survey 地球物理勘探A scientific method of prospecting that measures the physical properties of rock formations. Common properties investigated include magnetism, specific gravity,electrical conductivity and radioactivity.Geostatistics [,dʒi:əu'stætistics]地质统计学geotechnical property [dʒi:əu'teknikəl] ['prɔpəti] 岩土力学性质geotechnics [dʒi:əu'tekniks]矿压技术，土工学glacier ['ɡlæsjə] 冰川Goaf [ɡəuf]采空区-The area abandoned and left to collapse after the extraction of coal.Gob [ɡɔb] - Same as goaf.gold nugget [ɡəuld] ['nʌɡit] 狗头金，块金gold reef [ɡəuld] [ri:f]金矿矿脉Gossan 【矿物】铁帽The rust-coloured capping or staining of a mineral deposit, generally formed by the oxidation or alteration of iron sulphides.Grade Control [ɡreid] [kən'trəul]品位控制Is the in situ tonnage and grade planned for mining as defined by the grade control process (drilling data, face sampling etc.) is the stope design plus development. Unplanned dilution should not be included.Grade 品位The concentration of metal or valuable mineral in a body of rock, usually expressed as a percentage or in grams per tonne or ounces per ton; also, the concentration of metal in a mill concentrate or matte.grader ['ɡreidə] 平路机grain grade [ɡrein] [ɡreid] 粒度granite['ɡrænit]花岗岩grano diorite ['ɡrænəu] [daiərait]: 花岗闪长岩 a plutonic rock consisting of quartz, calcic oligoclase or andesine and orthoclase with biotite, hornblende or pyroxene as mafic constituents. Graphite['ɡræfait] 石墨gravel ['ɡrævəl] 砾石gravity concentration ['ɡræviti] [,kɔnsən'treiʃən] : 重选a metallurgical process that separates metals from gangue using the specific gravity differential between the metal and the gangue. Gravity separation ['ɡræviti] [,sepə'reiʃən] 重选Greenstone belt绿岩带An area underlain by metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks, usually in a continental shield.grinding['ɡraindiŋ] 磨Grizzly ['ɡrizli] 格筛A grizzly is an arrangement that prevents oversize rock from entering an ore transfer system. A grizzly usually consists of a steel grating for coarse screening or scalping. gross thickness [ɡrəus] ['θiknis]累计厚度Gross Value Royalty 总值权益费A share of gross revenue from the sale of minerals from a mine.Gross Value 总值The theoretical value of ore determined simply by applying the assay of metal or metals and the current market price. It must be used only with caution and severe qualification. groundwater ['graund,wɔ:tə] 地下水Gunite ['ɡʌnait] -喷浆A cement applied by spraying to the roof and sides of a mine passage. Gutter ['ɡʌtə] -排水沟，淤沟The lowest and usually richest portion of an alluvial placer. gypsum ['dʒipsəm] 石膏gyratory crusher ['dʒaiərətəri] ['krʌʃə]旋回破碎机Hade [heid] -断层倾角The acute angle between the horizontal and the fault line.hanging ['hæŋiŋ] wall [wɔ:l]: 顶板the mass of rock above a geological structure (orebody, fault, etc.).Hangingwall The rock on the upper side of a vein or ore deposit.haul road [hɔ:l] [rəud] 运输道路haul truck [hɔ:l] [trʌk] 运输卡车Head grade 原矿品位，入选品位The average grade of ore fed into a mill.Headframe['hedfreim]井架Heading ['hediŋ] - 巷道掘进区Roadways forming the openings in the direction of development of the panel. Heading direction parallel to cleavage direction。
采矿词典
02 采矿序码汉文名英文名注解02.001 采矿工艺mining technology02.002 有用矿物valuable mineral02.003 冶金矿产原料metallurgical mineral raw materials 02.004 矿床mineral deposit02.005 特殊采矿specialized mining02.006 海洋采矿oceanic mining,marine mining02.007 硬岩采矿hard rock mining02.008 矿田mine field02.009 矿山mine02.010 露天矿山surface mine, open-pit mine02.011 地下矿山underground mine02.012 井田shaft area02.013 矿井shaft02.014 矿床勘探mineral deposit exploration02.015 矿山场地布置mine yard layout02.016 矿山可行性研究mine feasibility study02.017 矿山生产能力mine production capacity02.018 矿山规模mine capacity02.019 矿山年产量annual mine output02.020 清洁开采clean mining02.021 无废开采waste-less mining02.022 数字矿山digital mine02.023 绿色矿山green mine02.024 采矿方法mining method02.025 矿山环境评价mine environment assessment02.026 矿块Ore block02.027 矿山安全评价mine safety assessment02.028 采矿权mining right02.029 分期开采phased mining02.031 矿区mine area02.032 富矿rich ore02.033 贫矿lean ore02.034 矿井服务年限mine life02.035 矿山基本建设mine construction02.036 矿山建设期限mine construction period02.037 矿山投产start-up of mine production 02.038 矿山达产arrival at mine full capacity 02.040 矿山装备水平mine equipment level02.041 开采顺序mining sequence02.042 开采步骤stages of mining02.043 采掘计划schedule of extraction and development02.044 开采强度mining intensity02.045 强化开采strengthening mining02.046 采掘比development mining02.047 剥采比stripping ratio02.048 剥采总量overall output of ore and waste02.049 矿山维简工程mine engineering of maintaining simple reproduction02.050 矿石回收率ore recovery ratio02.051 矿石损失率ore loss ratio02.052 矿石贫化率ore dilution ratio02.053 工业矿石industrial ore02.054 采出矿石extracted ore02.055 商品矿石commodity ore02.056 矿产资源保护conservation of mineral resources 02.057 矿山复垦mine reclamation02.058 矿井报废mine abandonment02.059 露天地下联合开采combined surface and underground mining02.060 矿体orebody02.061 矿体几何形状geometric configuration of orebody 02.062 盲矿体blind orebody02.063 板状矿体tabular orebody02.064 矿脉vein02.065 冲积矿床alluvial deposit02.066 冲击砂金alluvial gold placer02.067 海洋矿产资源oceanic mineral resources02.068 出矿品位grade of withdrawal of ore02.070 实际损失率actual loss rate02.071 视在损失率apparent loss rate02.072 矿石一次贫化率primary ore dilution ratio02.073 矿石二次贫化率secondary ore dilution ratio 02.074 废石混入率waste in-ore rate02.075 露天转地下开采open pit into underground mining.02.076 覆盖岩层overburden rock stratum02.077 废石waste rock02.078 厚大矿体thick orebody02.079 薄矿体thin orebody02.080 中厚矿体medium thick ore body02.081 缓倾斜矿体gently pitching orebody02.082 倾斜矿体pitching orebody02.083 急倾斜矿体steeply pitching orebody02.06 井巷工程02.359 巷道roadway02.360 硐室chamber02.361 矿山构筑物Mine structure02.362 井架headgear02.363 井塔hoist tower02.365 矿仓ore bin02.366 栈桥loading bridge02.367 废石场waste rock pile02.368 竖井vertical shaft02.395 主井main shaft02.396 副井auxiliary shaft02.397 措施井service shaft02.398 充填井filling raise02.399 箕斗井skip shaft02.400 罐笼井cage shaft02.401 混合井combined shaft02.405 风井ventilation shaft02.406 盲井sub-shaft02.434 井筒马头门shaft inset02.369 井筒shaft body02.370 井筒位置shaft location02.371 井筒装备shaft installation02.372 特殊掘井法special shaft sinking02.373 冻结掘井法freezing shaft sinking02.374 注浆掘井法grouting shaft sinking02.375 沉井掘井法caisson shaft sinking02.376 井筒反掘法raising method of shafting 02.377 钻井法掘井boring shaft sinking02.378 超前小井掘井法pilot shaft sinking02.466 掘进循环drifting cycle.02.379 井筒延深shaft deepening02.380 井筒衬砌shaft lining02.381 井壁shaft wall02.382 井筒壁座shaft curbing02.383 井筒布置shaft layout02.384 罐道cage guide, shaft conductor 02.384 罐道梁shaft bunton02.385 柔性罐道soft cage guide02.386 刚性罐道rigid cage guide02.387 梯子间ladder compartment,ladder way 02.388 安全间隙safety clearance02.389 井格shaft compartment02.390 井框wall crib02.391 吊盘sinking platform02.392 吊桶sinking bucket02.393 井筒锁口盘shaft collar02.394 井底水窝shaft sump02.402 卸载硐室unloading chamber02.403 振动放矿闸门vibrating drawing lock02.404 溜井draw raise, ore pass02.461 装矿硐室ore loading chamber02.462 卸矿硐室ore dumping chamber02.463 井下破碎站underground crusher station 02.407 出车台shaft landing02.408 罐托cage keps02.409 罐笼摇台cage junction platform02.410 罐笼平台cage platform02.411 斜井inclined shaft02.412 胶带运输斜井belt transportation inclined shaft02.413 井底车场shaft station02.414 环行式井底车场loop-type shaft station02.415 折返式井底车场switch-back shaft station 02.416 尽头式井底车场end on shaft station02.417 主斜坡道main ramp02.418 井下斜坡道underground ramp02.419 采区斜坡道mining area ramp02.420 平巷horizontal workings drift 02.421 隧道turnel02.422 平硐adit02.423 掘进drifting02.426 平巷掘进机掘进drifting by tunneling machine 02.428 天井raise02.429 天井吊罐法掘进cage raising02.430 天井爬罐法掘进climber raising02.432 分枝天井branch raise02.424 超前支护advanced support02.425 预支护pru-supporting02.436 加固reinforcement02.437 支架support02.438 临时支护temporary support02.439 永久支护permanent support02.440 拱形支架arch support02.441 圆形支架circular support02.442 马蹄形支架U-shaped support02.443 刚性支护rigid support02.444 柔性（可缩性）支护yielding support02.445 背板lagging plank02.446 木支架wooden support02.447 密集支柱close-standing props02.448 金属支架metal support02.449 液压支架hydraulic support02.450 立柱post02.451 底拱inverted arch02.452 浇灌混凝土支护monolithic concrete support 02.453 喷射混凝土支护shotcrete lining02.454 锚杆支护rock bolting02.455 锚索支护cable bolting02.456 锚喷网支护shotcrete-rock bolt-wine mesh support02.457 摩擦式锚杆frictional rock bolt02.458 树脂胶结锚杆resin rock bolt02.459 砂浆锚杆grounting rock bolt02.460 注浆grounting02.464 速效支护available support02.465 新奥法New Austrian Tunneling Method 02.467 金属网metal net02.468 钢纤维混凝土steel fiber reinforced concrete02.471 垫板tie plate, backing plate02.472 胀壳式锚杆expansion shell bolt11。
采矿工程专业常用英语词汇
采矿工程专业常用英语词汇★采矿工程专业常用英语词汇★①geologic structure 地质构造geologic age geologic term coalfield 煤田 take 井田reserve of the take 井田储量 geologic reservecoal exploration 煤层勘探 explore②sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphose rock 变质岩igneous rock 火成岩 alluvium 冲积层coal seam mineral deposit 矿床③epoch 纪元、纪、代 Permian 二叠纪（系）Carboniferous 石炭纪 Cretaceous 白垩纪Tertiary 第三纪④fold 褶曲 fault 断层 normal～ reverse～ faulting 断层作用⑤strike 走向 along the strikedip 倾向、倾角 dip angle of coal seam煤层倾角⑥weathered 风化的bituminous coal 烟煤[bi’tjuminэs] anthracite 无烟煤 lignite 褐煤limestone 石灰岩 sandstone 砂岩 shale 页岩⑦fully mechanized coal face 综采 conventional mining 普采Semi-mechanized coal face blasting mining 炮采fully mechanized sublevel caving mining 综放⑧colliery (coal mine) colliery undertaking ~企业Longwall mining 长壁开采 Room and pillar 房柱式开采pillar and stall Panel, district, mining area 盘区采区⑨Shaft (vertical) 井筒adit 平硐shaft sinking 井筒掘进opencast open pit 露天矿 surface mining strip mining ⑩strata(stratum) 岩层stimulated caving 强制放顶longwall advancing retreatingroof (floor) 顶（底）板 main ~ immediate ~ false ~11pit bottom shaft station 井底车场 up cast downcast 进回风井ventilate ventilation borehole 钻孔 drill bunker(coal bin) 煤仓12Skip 箕斗 cage 罐笼 conveyor 运输机 belt conveyor 胶带运输机AFC(Armored Face Conveyer) 刮板输送机 coal preparation 选煤Powered roof support 液压支架 (shield)13drift entry roadway gateroad巷道 crosscut 石门，横贯，捷径methane 甲烷瓦斯 gas ~ drainagegob，goaf (mined out area) 采空区14airway 风道 intake ~ return ~ 进风巷回风巷stress-strain 应力－应变 stress relief zone de-stressed 应力解除15 room dispatcher’s ～ pump ～泵房dispatcher’s room 调度室waiting room 候车室 winch engine room first-aid room16 tale air 乏风 fresh intake ~ tail entry head entry 顺槽heading 掘进头 rise ~ 上山 opening ~开切眼17 timber 木支柱 prop, jack 支柱 individual jacks （prop）单体支柱convergence 顶底板移近、会合 smooth ~ 缓慢下沉（巷道）free subsidence method （采场）18 waste heap /spoil tip 矸石山 spontaneous combustion 自燃hoist 提升 gate road/drift/entry 巷道 incline gate 斜巷incline shaft19 tectonic 构造的～stress mining regulations safety regulations rock/ underground pressure 矿山压力Behavior of rock/ underground pressure 矿山压力显现20 floor heave 底鼓 thin or medium-thick seam 中厚incline seam 倾向煤层 sloping ~steep coal seam 急倾向煤层 gently slopping ~ 缓倾斜煤层21 cracked roof 破碎顶板 fractured roof crush, crackspacing of main falls 放顶步距 distance of roof fallwinch 小绞车 caving ~22 eaker props/breaker support 切顶支柱withdrawal of support回柱prop withdrawer 回柱绞车 shield-type support 掩护式支架chock support 垛式支架常用专业英语词汇23 survey(ing) 测量 ~ station 观测站 elevation标高 elevator，lifttransit 经纬仪 full caving method 全部跨落法partial caving partial backfilling (packing)24 subsidence 下沉 ~ trough ~basin 下沉盆地surface structure（building）地表建筑物surface movement and deformation 地表移动和变形Contour 等值线下沉（Subsidence）、倾斜（Slope）、曲率（Curvature）、水平移动（Displacement）、水平变形（Horizontal strain）25 aquifer 含水层 coal mining above a confined aquifer承压水上采煤protective pillar 保护煤柱 barrier pillar 隔离煤柱26 angle of draw 移动角边界角 draw angle of strata 边界角surface cracks 地表裂缝 Surface slope (incline) 地表倾斜curvature 曲率27 Overburden strata 上覆岩层 overlying strata 上覆岩层structure damage 建筑物损害 recovery ratio 采出率、回采率28 backfilling mining method filling mining stowing miningmethod充填回采建筑物下开采(Mining under buildings) 铁路下开采(Mining under railways)水体下开采(Mining under water bodies)29 simultaneous extraction 同时开采limited thickness extraction 限厚开采selected extraction 选择开采 continuous extraction 连续开采land reclaimation technology 土地复垦技术30 compressed air drill 风钻 electric ~ 电钻yielding support 可缩支架 rigid ~ 刚性支架roof bolting 顶板锚杆 resin ~31 auxiliary fans 局扇 auxiliary shaft 副井 subsidiary shaft 副井Main shaft 主井 mine water drainage 矿井排水haulage hoisting lighting 运输、提升、照明32 seam subject to rock burst 易突出煤层～spontaneous combustion易自然煤层rock burst 岩爆冲击矿压 surrounding rock 围岩 first cost 初期投资33 multiple coal seam 多煤层 subsoil 下层基岩quarry 采场、采矿场、采石场horizon 区段、水平 horizontal34 washery 洗煤＝coal preparation plantdevelopment，Preparation， production systemhigh-productive&high efficient coal mine 高产高效矿井35ascending order descending mining coalification 煤化作用repairing shift development shift productive capacity，output36 standby equipment deplete 枯竭采完extract/mine/exploit/win/work 开采cantilever 悬臂梁 water-bearing ground 含水地层37 run-of-mine coal 原煤 raw washed coal ，clean coal fossil fuel 化石燃料rock mechanics岩石力学 dummy road 盲巷 safety pillar安全煤柱38 tensile stress field（ zone ）拉应力区Compressive stress field rock mass 岩体rock mechanics in coal mining 煤矿岩石力学 Rock pressure 岩石压力39 behavior of rock pressure 矿山压力显现 Stress 应力；Strain 应变rock strata control (ground control) 岩层控制elastic deformation 弹性变形 plastic deformation 塑性变形40 rheology of rock 岩石（体）流变性 virgin rock[mass]/initial rock[mass]原岩（体）virgin stress of rock[mass] 原岩应力 initial stress of rock[mass]原岩应力virgin stress field of rock[mass] initial stress field of rock[mass] 原岩应力场41 stress in surrounding rock围岩应力stress-concentrated zone 应力增高区virgin stress zone（field） initial stress zone 原岩应力区coefficient of stress concentration 应力集中系数42 Support 支架，支撑 partial caving method 局部跨落法pillar support method 煤柱支撑法43 weak ( soft) strata 松软岩层 hard strata 坚硬岩层unstable roof 不稳定顶板 load of support 支架载荷44 medium stable roof 中等稳定顶板 stable roof 稳定顶板hard roof; strong roof 坚硬顶板 classification of roof 顶板分类classify45 setting load 初撑力 yield load 额定工作阻力support load 支护阻力 prop density 支柱密度46 load density; supporting intensity支护强度rib spalling 片帮 impact load 冲击载荷47 first weighting初次来压 periodic weighting (of main roof)周期来压coal and gas bump; coal and gas outburst煤与瓦斯突出48 aved zone 冒落带 fractured zone 裂隙带sagging (continuous deformation) zone 弯曲下沉带natural arch; ~ of natural equilibrium 自然平衡拱49 Soil zone Continuous deformation zone Fractured zone Caved zone50 Initial supporting 一次支护 first supportingPermanent supporting二次支护 second supporting road side supporting 巷旁支护 non-pillar roadway protection无煤柱护巷protective seam 保护层51 abutment pressure 支承压力 method of roof control 顶板管理方法roof-to-floor convergence 顶底板移近量rib sides convergence 两帮移近量52 Cross section 剖面 Sectional（plan） view 剖（平）面图softening factor of rock 岩石软化系数 roof caving angle 顶板跨落角。
最常用地质矿产专业英语词汇
地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩石类型（rock type）petrology 岩石学[pi:'trɔlədʒi]igneous rock 火成岩['iɡniəs]magmatic rock 岩浆岩['mægmətik]lava（vocanic rock）火山岩['lɑ:və, 'lævə]intrusive（invade）rock 侵入岩[in'tru:siv]effusive rock 喷出岩[i'fju:siv]plutonic rock 深成岩[plu:'tɔnik]pypabyssal rock 浅成岩acid rock 酸性岩['æsid]intermediate rock 中性岩[,intə'mi:djət, -dieit]basic rock 基性岩['beisik]ultrabasic rock 超基性岩[,ʌltrə'beisik]granite 花岗岩['ɡrænit]porphyry 斑岩['pɔ:firi]porphyrite 玢岩['pɔ:firait]rhyolite ['raiəlait] 流纹岩syenite ['saiinait] 正长岩trachyte ['treikait, 'træ-] 粗面岩diorite [daiərait] 闪长岩andesite ['ændizait] 安山岩gabbro ['ɡæbrəu] 辉长岩basalt ['bæsɔ:lt] 玄武岩aplite ['æplait] 细晶岩pegmatite ['peɡmətait] 伟晶岩lamprophyre ['læmprə,faiə] 煌斑岩diabase ['daiəbeis] 辉绿岩dunite ['dʌnait] 橄榄岩pumice ['pʌmis] 浮岩sedimentary rock [,sedi'mentəri] 沉积岩clastic ['klæstik] 碎屑岩clay rock [klei] 黏土岩chemical rock ['kemikəl] 化学岩biolith ['baiəuliθ]生物岩conglomerate [kən'ɡlɔmərət, -reit, kən'ɡlɔməreit] 砾岩siltstone ['siltstəun] 粉砂岩mudstone ['mʌdstəun] 泥岩shale [ʃeil] 页岩saline rock ['seilain, -li:n] 岩盐limestone ['laimstəun] 石灰岩dolomite ['dɔləmait] 白云岩marl [mɑ:l] 泥灰岩volcanic breccia [vɔl'kænik] ['bretʃiə] 火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate [ə'ɡlɔmərət, -reit, ə'ɡlɔməreit] 火山块集岩tuff [tʌf] 凝灰岩metamorphic rock [,metə'mɔ:fik] 变质岩slate [sleit] 板岩phyllite 千枚岩schist 片岩gneiss [nais] 片麻岩quartzite ['kwɔ:tsait] 石英岩marble ['mɑ:bl] 大理岩mylonite ['mailənait, 'mil-] 糜棱岩migmatite ['miɡmətait] 混合岩cataclasite 碎裂岩sediment（deposit）['sedimənt] 沉积物、沉积层boulder ['bəuldə] 漂石、顽石cobble ['kɔbl] 卵石gravel ['ɡrævəl] 砾石sand [sænd] 砂silt [silt] 粉土clay [klei] 粘土sandy clay 砂质粘土clayey sand 粘质砂土sandy loam [ləum] 壤土、亚黏土regolith（topsoil）['reɡəliθ]浮土（表土）loess ['ləuis] 黄土laterite ['lætərait] 红土peat [pi:t] 泥炭ooze [u:z] 软泥（海泥）地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩矿物理性质（physical character of minerals）hardness ['hɑ:dnis] 硬度luster ['lʌstə] 光泽color ['kʌlə] 颜色transparency（pellucidity）[træns'pærənsi, -'pεə-, trænz-, trɑ:n-] 透明度streak [stri:k] 条痕rent（fracture）[rent] 断口crystal form ['kristəl] 晶形classification [/,klæsifi'keiʃən/] 分类structure ['strʌktʃə] 构造texture ['tekstʃə] 结构fabric ['fæbrik] 组成mineral composition [,kɔmpə'ziʃən] 矿物组成crystalline ['kristəlain] 结晶质amorphous substance [ə'mɔ:fəs] ['sʌbstəns]非晶质fossil ['fɔsəl] 化石degree of rounding ['raundiŋ]磨圆度degree of grains [ɡreins] 粒度地质矿产英语常用词汇：工程地质（engineering geology）geotechnics（geotechnique）土工学、土工技术、岩石工程rock mechanics 岩石力学soil mechanics 土力学geomechanics 地质力学（岩石力学）engineering geological conditions 工程地质条件engineering geological problems 工程地质问题rock mass structure 岩体结构geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形地貌条件geophysical phenomenon 物理地质现象hydrogeological conditions 水文地质条件natural materials 天然材料reservoir 水库settlement 沉降displacement 位移deformation 变形tectonic stress 构造应力residual stress 残余应力angle of internal friction 内摩擦角cohesion 内聚力（凝聚力、粘聚力）pressure tunnel 压力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆盖物bed rock（base rock foundation rock）基岩firm rock（sound rock）硬岩weak rock（soft rock）软岩interbed 夹层zone of fracture（broken zones）破碎带homogeneity 均质性nonhomogeneity（heterogeneity）非均质性isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向异性地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质构造（geologic structure）fault [fɔ:lt] 断层normal fault ['nɔ:məl] 正断层reversed fault [ri'və:st] 逆断层paralled fault 平移断层gouge [ɡaudʒ] 断层泥stria ['straiə] 擦痕joint [dʒɔint] 节理primary joint ['praiməri] 原生节理secondary ['sekəndəri] 次生节理tension joint ['tenʃən] 张节理unloading joint [,ʌn'ləudiŋ]卸荷节理schistosity [ʃis'tɔsiti] 片理bedding ['bediŋ]层理foliation 板理（叶理）ripple mark ['ripl] 波痕mud crack [mʌd] [kræk]泥痕rain print 雨痕orientation of bedrock [,ɔ:rien'teiʃən, əu-] 岩层产状strike [straik] 走向dip [dip] 倾向angle of dip（dip angle）倾角fold [fəuld] 褶皱anticline ['æntiklain] 背斜syncline ['siŋklain, 'sin-] 向斜monocline（homocline）['mɔnəuklain] 单斜dome [dəum] 穹隆soft stratum 软弱岩层zone of fracture（broken zone）破碎带affected zone 影响带platy structure 板状构造cleavage ['kli:vidʒ] 解理fracture（rupture）['fræktʃə] 断裂fissure（crack fracture）['fiʃə] 裂隙地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质年代（geochronology of geologic time）Archaeozoic era（erathem），太古代（界）Proterozoic era（erathem），元古代（界）Palaeozoic era（erathem），古生代（界）Mesozoic era（erathem），中生代（界）Cenozoic era（erathem），新生代（界）Sinian period（system），震旦纪（系）Cambrian period（system），寒武纪（系）Ordovician period（system），奥陶纪（系）Silurian period（system），志留纪（系）Devonian period（system），泥盆纪（系）Carboniferous period（system），石炭纪（系）Permian period（system），二叠纪（系）Triassic period（system），三叠纪（系）Jurassic period（system），侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period（system），白垩纪（系）Tertiary period（system），第三纪（系）Quaternary period（system），第四纪（系）。
采矿工程专业英语词汇
采矿工程专业内部讲义二零零七年九月Content目录Introduction (2)绪论 (2)Chapter 1 Basic concepts of Coal Mining (2)第一章煤矿开采的基本概念 (2)Chapter 2 Coal Mining methods (5)第二章采煤方法的概念和种类 (5)Section I Mine Field Development and Mining Design第一篇井田开拓及矿井开采设计Chapter 3 Basic Concepts of Mine Development (8)第三章井田开拓的基本概念 (8)Chapter 4 Mine Development Ways (10)第四章井田开拓方式 (10)Chapter 5 Development Roadways Layout ..... (12)第五章井田开拓巷道布置 (12)Chapter 6 Level station ….………………………………………………………..…第六章井底车场…… ……………………………………………….…Chapter 7 Mine Development Deepen and Technical Reform…………………………………第七章矿井开拓延深和技术改造………………………………………….…Introduction (绪论)mine n. 矿山，矿井。
v. 采矿colliery n. 矿井coal mining 采煤underground mining 地下开采surface mining 露天开采reserve n. 储量coal-bearing adj. 含煤的high production and high efficiency 高产高效development n. 开拓preparation n. 准备mining method 采煤方法subside v. 下沉，沉陷subsidence n. 沉降，沉陷mining subsidence n. 开采沉陷mechanize v. 使…机械化mechanization n. 机械化Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Mine (矿井基本概念)coalfield n. 煤田mining area n. 矿区mine field n. 井田divide v. 划分division n. 划分mine production capacity （MPC）矿井生产能力mine service life 矿井服务年限production scale of mine 井型small mine 小型矿井middle mine 中型矿井large mine 大型矿井huge mine 特大型矿井strike n. 走向dip n. 倾向dip angle 倾角workable adj. 可采的workable reserve n. 可采储量opening n. 通道，开口mine opening n. 矿山井巷passageway n. 通道shaft n. 立井roadway n. 巷道chamber n. 硐室main shaft 主立井auxiliary shaft 副立井air shaft 风井blind shaft 暗立井drawn shaft 溜井chute n. 溜煤眼adit n. 平硐drift n. 平硐crosscut n. 联络巷；石门coal crosscut煤门entry n. 平巷haulage n. 运输main haulage roadway 主要运输平巷main return-air roadway 主要回风平巷head entry 区段运输平巷tail entry 区段回风平巷slope n. 斜井rise n. 上山dip n. 下山rock rise 岩石上山coal rise 煤层上山coal haulage rise 运煤上山material transporting rise 运料上山return-air rise 回风上山men-walking rise 行人上山inclined roadway of a strip 分带斜巷inclined coal haulage roadway of a strip 分带运煤斜巷inclined material haulage roadway of a strip 分带运料斜巷development roadway 开拓巷道preparation roadway 准备巷道gateway 回采巷道pit bottom 井底车场shaft bottom 井底车场station n. 车场，车站mining district station 采区车场horizon n. 阶段level n. 水平haulage level 运输水平return-air level 回风水平mining level 开采水平interval between levels 阶段垂高mining district 采区panel n. 盘区sublevel n. 分段strip district n. 带区inclined length 斜长strike length 走向长度district sublevel区段Open-off cut n. 切眼coalface n. 采煤面working face工作面production n. 生产；产量production system 生产系统coal haulage system 运煤系统ventilation n. 通风ventilation system通风系统fresh air 新鲜风dirty air 乏风，污风refuse n. 矸石material and refuse transportation system 运料排矸系统drain v. 排水drainage system 排水系统power supply system (electric power, compressed air) 动力供应（电、压风）communication and monitoring system 通讯、监测系统drive v. 掘进excavate v. 开挖，开掘hoist v. 提升winch n. 绞车Chapter 2 Coal Mining methods (采煤方法)stope采场mining works/units 回采工作basic operation 基本工序break v. 破碎load v. 装载haul v. 运输auxiliary operations 辅助工序roof support 顶板支护gob treatment 采空区处理auxiliary transportation 辅助运输ventilation 通风drainage 排水power supply 供电,emulsion supply 供液（乳化液）等。
采矿地质词汇
矿业常用术语和词汇中英文对照表固体矿产资源 solid fuels and mineral resources 查明矿产资源 total identified mineral resources 潜在矿产资源 undiscovered resources储量 extractable reserve可采储量 proved extractable reserve预可采储量 probable extractable reserve基础储量 basic reserve资源量 resource预查 reconnaissance普查 prospecting详查 general exploration勘探 detailed exploration矿化潜力 mineralization potential地质可靠程度 geological assurance预测的 reconnaissance推断的 inferred控制的 indicated探明的 measured可行性评价 feasibility assessment概略研究 geological study预可行性研究 pre-feasibility study可行性研究 feasibility study采矿报告 mining report采矿证mining license矿权证concession方位角azimuth倾角dipping angle走向strike倾向 Dip倾斜度dip angle孔位collar钻杆drill rod倒班shift exchange套管casing机上余尺remain length泥浆添加剂additives消耗材料consumed material新闻发布 press release金刚石钻头diamond bit扩孔器reamer shell孔底堵漏器cementing and wedging bottom packager品名 product name, item name数量quantity制造商manufacturer购买商purchaser孔深hole depth使用说明usage手册manual每年的annual钻孔坐标hole coordinate钻孔数据hole data岩心定向core orientation测斜 down-hole survey安全培训Safety Training环境、健康和安全Environment Health and Satety(E.H.S或EHS) 健康职业安全 OHS(Health， Occupation &Safety）地质结构geological structure总计sum total钻探表drilling sheet岩心编录报告logging sheets矿区project area, concession district孔号hole Code绕道bypass余矿remains施工operating等待standby工作内容work description钻探回次drilling trip进尺trip米距interval岩心长度core length检查verify采样sampling岩石样Rock sample副样duplicates空白样blank sample标样standard sample给水watering取芯core recovery垂直的vertical水平的horizonal旋风钻机（粉末钻机）RC drills高程、海拔RL=relative level海拔elevation水泥 cement石灰了lime石膏gypsum马赛克mosaic地质作用Geological process内力 endogenous force内力作用 endogenous process外力exogenous force外力作用exogenous process地壳运动 crustal movement侵入岩intrusive rock风化作用weathering侵蚀作用erosion磨蚀作用abrasion剥蚀作用denudation冰川glacier沉积作用sedimentation机械沉积化学沉积mechanical deposit 晶体crystal晶质crystalline高品位 high grade贵重金属noble metal稀有金属minor metal工时man-hour劳动力manpower板岩slate编号compile全站仪total station定位仪positional instrument经纬仪transit instrument薄片分析 thin section analysis露天采矿open cut, open pit测绘survey & drawing沉淀form a sediment地质成因cause of a formation地壳the crust地幔 the mantle地核 the core顶板roof二氧化物dioxide二氧化碳carbon dioxide氧化物 oxide发源，起源origination矿体 ore body, ore shoot覆盖层overburden橄榄石olivine共生intergrowth共生矿，伴生矿 mineral intergrowth、associated mineral 推土机bulldozer挖掘机excavator, digger装载机loader钻机drilling machine掘进机tunnel machine平地机grader洒水车watering truck压路机roller红土red-clay白蚁样本termite sample伟晶岩pegmatite异常anomaly砖红壤laterite变质沉积岩meta-sediment黑云母biotite云母 mica角闪石amphibious薄层状foliated人工智能artificial intelligence火山凝灰岩lapilli tuff蛇纹岩serpentinite橄榄岩dunite英闪岩tonalite玄武岩basalt纲要scenario推荐recommendation植被vegetation基础设施infrastructure辅助设施ancillary facilities尾矿库Tailing storage，tail management facility (TMF)尾矿坝 Tailing Dam地相学physiography岩石学lithology热液蚀变hydrothermal alteration块段法资源评估polygonal resource estimation 边界品位Cut-off grade配剂站/医务室dispensary污水处理站sewage treatment plant二手设备used equipment, second-hand equipment 经济可行性级别degree of economic viability预可研报告Pre-feasibility report可行性研究报告Feasibility report重力分级工艺gravity circuit杂质mixture杂岩，混合岩mixtite河成阶地fluvial terrace选矿ore-dressing,选矿法beneficiation method判例，先例precedent结果，后果consequence立约covenant海底资源submarine resource海洋资源marine deposit航标navigation mark驱动轮driving wheel传动杆、传动轴driving shaft横断面cross section烘烤toast滑石粉talcum powder贵重金属rare-metal/noble metal回收率rate of recovery/percentage of recovery 火山volcano夹层double layer掘土机power shovel经纬度longitude and latitude晶体crystal精选refine、purify井口concentration坑道gallery穿脉crosscut空洞cavity平硐access drift/horizontal shaft斜井decline矿脉lode矿石 ore口径 bore累计add up累积accumulate复合片麻岩composite gneiss 老虎钳vise雷管detonator立方cube立方米cubic meter平方米square meter零工odd-job man隆起swell炉料furnace charge炉渣slag内径internal diameter内角interior angle泥灰岩marl泥浆slurry钻井泥浆drilling mud珍珠状feldspar泥石流mud-rock flow浓度consistency密度density欧亚大陆Eurasia排污pollutants柴达木盆地the Qaidam Basin 片麻岩gneiss片岩schist板岩slate斑岩porphyry闪长岩diorite千枚岩phyllite黄铁矿pyrite闪锌矿sphalerite黄铜矿chalcopyrite斑铜矿bornite磁黄铁矿pyrrhotite玛瑙agate黑玉jet黄玉topaz青玉sapphire绿玉emerald碧玉jasper坡度the degree of slope纵剖面longitudinal section 剖面图section drawing剖视图cutaway view石场，露天矿石场quarry选矿厂ore-dressing plant筛洗选矿法ore dressing by screening切割机、切片剂slicer氢氧化钠hydroxide倾角测量仪dip-meter日均average per day浓缩concentrate/enrich起草draft切片分析slice assay容积volume容量capacity溶解、融化dissolve石灰line水泥cement砂浆mortar石膏gypsum熔点melting point三脚架tripod沙金placer gold/sand gold筛分机screening machine筛选dress and wash塌方collapse /cave in探宝treasure prospecting钻探drilling exploration贫化率dilution rate脱水dewatering条痕streak淘金矿wash sand for gold节理joint微量元素trace element稀有金属rare metal稀土金属rare-earth metal砷arsenic化石fossil伟晶岩crystallite界面interface手工、人工artificial/manual work容器container、vessel3S系统：全球信息系统GIS-Global information system 卫星遥感系统SRS-Satellite remote system 全球定位系统GPS-Global position system活塞piston发动机/发电机generator二氧化物dioxide三氧化物trioxide显微镜microscope多极的multipolar压力press, pressure万能扳手universal spanner换算表conversion table直径diameter半径radius/ semi diameter内径internal diameter贫矿lean ore钻井平台drilling platform通风井skylight /raise竖井shaft通风工程ventilation system基建工程civil work土石方工程earth work岩层rock formation岩样rock specimen矿样ore sample盐酸hydrochloric硫酸vitriolic硫酸盐sulfate灭火器extinguisher化学异常geochemical anomaly化探geochemical物探geophysical遥感系统remote sensing冶炼时间smelting time加热时间duration of heat萤石fluorite永久冻层permanent frost horizon 云母片mica sheet杂质impurity炸药explosive/dynamite珍珠岩pearlite硬度hardness韧性toughness工作报表work schedule日报表daily report sheet选矿机、分矿机ore separator属性properties鲜美的、光滑的delicate走向strike倾向trending,dip倾角、倾向dip or dip degree氰化物cyanide雷管detonator塌方、塌陷 caving永久的permanent暂时的temporary黏贴paste石棉asbestos岩心采取core recovery acceptability岩心率proportion of core, rate of core recovery 空压机air compressor液压hydraulic pressure掘进sinking变质岩metamophic岩石学、岩性lithology面理foliat解体breakup薄岩层leaf-like layer宝石gem翡翠jade地层strata子午线meridian本初子午线the first meridian比例尺scale白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白榴石leucite白钨矿scheelite石榴石garnet堇青石cordierite背斜anticline向斜syncline变质作用metamorphism剥蚀作用denudation薄片分析thin section analysis哺乳动物mammal不透明opaque层理bedding片理schistosity不透水层impermeable stratum残余、余矿remains层状stratiform闪长玢岩diorite-porphyries板状tabular石英岩quartite角砾岩breccia橄榄岩dunite花岗岩granite超基性岩ultra-mafic rock基性岩辉岩basite/mafic rock火山碎屑岩volcano-clastic科马提岩komatite辉岩pyroxenite辉长岩gabbro钙长岩anothosite角闪石岩hornblendite石英闪长岩quartz diorite安山岩andesite长英矿物felsic rock喷出岩extrusive rock喷入岩 intrusive rock凝灰岩tuff流纹岩rhyolite碧玉jasper玛瑙agate英安岩quartite硅质岩siliceous rock沉积岩sedimentary rock沉积角砾岩sedimentary breccia砂岩sandstone砾岩conglomerate粉砂岩siltstone层间粉砂岩inter-bedded siltstone 粘土岩clay stone泥岩mudstone燧石chet铁帽iron-formation石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite碳酸岩脉carbonatite金伯利岩Kimberlite煌斑岩lamprophyre正长岩syenite超基性片岩ultra-mafic schist滑石talcum滑石-炭质片岩tc-cb schist滑石-绿泥石-炭质片岩tc-ch-cb schist滑石-蛇纹片岩tc-se-cb schist蛇纹岩serpentine透闪石片岩tr-ch schist滑石镁橄榄石岩tc-fo rock变质片岩mafic schist绿泥石片岩ch-ab schist含铜绿泥石片岩ch-am schist角闪石岩amphibolite片麻岩felsic gneiss铁镁质片麻岩mafic gneiss铁镁质麻粒岩mafic granulites斑岩porphyry蚀变角闪石辉石斑岩hb-ac-px-pl porphyry 完全蚀变斑岩totally altered porphyry长英质felsic长英片岩 felsic schist长英麻粒岩felsic granulite花岗片麻岩granitoid gneiss斜长岩plagioclase斜长片麻岩plagioclase gneiss页岩shale断层角砾岩fault breccias变质泥质岩metapelite断层泥fault gouge泥质片岩pelitic schist炭质片岩carbonate schist碎石fragment rock石英炭质片岩qz-cb schist绢云母石英片岩sr-qz schist斑状变晶结构的片岩porphyry-blastic schist 石墨graphite石墨片岩graphitic schist黑云母biotite黑云母石英片岩bi-qz schist白云石大理岩dolomitic marble黑云母石英片麻岩bi-qz schist黑云母斜长片麻岩bi-sm plagio-gneiss冲积层alluvium沉积岩sedimentary rock矿脉vein构造structure构造岩structural rock断层带fault zone剪切带shear zone凝固solidify沉井open caisson岩石空隙rock void矿石填充物rock fills沉积搬运覆盖层transported cover 变质岩altered rock变质作用metamorphic process 低级变质作用lower metamorphic 高级变质作用higher metamorphic 基岩primary rock中性岩石intermediate rock酸性岩石felsic rock碱性岩石alkaline rock同生矿syngenetic mineral伴生矿物associated mineral太古代Archaean元古代Proterozoic显生宙Phanerozoic古生代Paleozoic中生代Mesozoic新生代Cenozoic寒武纪Cambrian奥陶纪Ordovician志留纪Silurian泥盆纪Devonian石炭纪Carboniferous二叠纪Permian三叠纪Trias侏罗纪Jurassic白垩纪Cretaceous第三纪Tertiary第四纪Quaternary渐新世 Oligocene火山岩lava喷出岩extrusive rock沉积岩sedimentary rock雾化器atomizer采道berm边坡batter工作面work face台阶bench切割块flitch贫化dilution贫化率dilution radio顶边crest底边toe预裂孔presplit hole隐患hazard风管air duct弯头 elbow导轨guide rail气压计barometer直接头straight joint中性岩neutral rock火成岩igneous rock岩浆岩magmatic rock石灰岩limestone灰泥岩lime mudrock翼、边缘limb劈理cleavage载重量payload型号model非公路运输卡车off-highway truck自卸卡车 dump truck水车water cart矿用车mining truck水泥运输车concrete carrier连挂车厢articulated dump truck最大扭矩Max. torque额定功率rating power最大钻进深度max. Drilling depth最大直径max. Diameter铲土机motor scraper平装struck堆装heaped增压/中冷turbocharged/after cooled双轴变速箱twin countershaft transmission人工照明车artificial light全液压系统full hydraulic system动力转向power steering运行参数performance index发动机曲轴箱engine crankcase变速箱transmission冷却系统cooling system油箱fuel tank转向液压系统 steering、body hydraulic system轮边减速器planetary差速器differential悬挂suspension前悬缸front ride strut后悬缸rear ride strut车辆最大外廓回转直径 vehicle clearance diameter 化学活性chemical activity化学淋滤作用chemical eluviation分带/划带 zoning安全棚safety shed支架support支护supporting背板lagging前支护fore-poling锚杆bolt支护空间space between support and rock矿石压力rock press旧矿场goaf采场stope采空区处理disposition of mine-out岩层控制strata control顶板控制roof control冒顶roof fall漏顶roof collapse with cavity底鼓floor heave敲帮问顶sounding大面积冒顶large area roof falls冲击地带bump封闭采空区close goaf采空区mine-out area (stope)放顶caving强制放顶force caving放顶距caving interval控顶距face width顶板垮塌roof caving放顶柱breaker props岩体固化rock mass solidification开采沉陷mining subsidence垮落带caving zone裂隙带fracture zone弯曲带sagging zone地表移动surface movement岩层移动strata movement移动盆地subsidence trough充分采取full extraction下沉系数subsidence factor缓冲沟buffering trench安全开采深度safe mining depth建筑物下采矿mining under the buildings水体下采矿 mining under water bodies废石waste废石场 waste dump废石处理waste disposal滑动面sliding plane滑动层sliding bedding防爆方式type of protection总接地general earthed system井下主接地极main earthed electrode局部主接地极local earthed eletrode接地装置earthing device接地母线earthing busbar辅助接地母线auxiliary earthing busbar井下接地underground protective earthing安全电压safety voltage露电保护earth leakage protection静电事故electrostatic accident静电灾害electrostatic hazard杂散电流stray current超前切断电流 power source release apparatus综合保护装置versatile protector防爆性 non-transmission of internal explosion 耐爆性explosion stability阻车器car stop过卷over-travel过卷距离over-travel distance过速over-speed过放距离over-fall height安全制动safety braking防坠器safety catch制动绳braking rope缓冲绳buffer rope防撞绳rubbing rope防跑车装置bull平装闭锁装置interlocking device保护伞protection umbrella深度指示剂depth indicator安全绞车safety winch落道derailment锚固装置anchor device放倒装置tilting prevention device防滑装置/止轮器anti-skid device卡轨器check plate稳定器stabilizer安全器safety device充填料的泄漏 leakage of backfill materials 砂门sand grizzly根底tight bottom安全平台safety berm防护栏protective grating边坡稳定性slope stability边坡安全系数slope safety factor边帮破坏slope failure倾倒topple滑坡slope slide滑面sliding surface临界滑面critical sliding surface边坡加固slope reinforcement边坡监测slope monitoring边坡预警slope prediction排土场滑坡waste dump slide排土场泥石流dump mud-rock flow炸药explosive雷管detonator电击雷管electric detonator炮泥stemming毫秒爆破millisecond blasting最大安全电流 max. Safety current安全距离 safety gap distance消焰剂flame cooling agent残眼socket拒爆incomplete detonation避炮掩体blast shelter爆破警戒blasting warn爆破防护blasting protection防爆电器electrical apparatus for explosive 隔爆电气flameproof eletric apparatus防爆外壳flameproof enclosure防爆性能测试 test for non-transmission矿山通风ventilation矿井空气mine air有害气体hazard gas矿山气候mine climate空气调节/空调air conditioning风量air quantity风量分配 air distribution供风量的自然分配natural distribution of air正压positive pressure负压negative pressure通风机全压 total pressure of the fan通风机静压 static pressure of fans通风机动压velocity pressure of fan通风压力分配图pressure distribution chart通风阻力ventilation resistance摩擦阻力friction resistance摩察力系数coefficient of friction resistance等积孔equivalent orifice机械/自然/局部通风mechanical/natural/local ventilation 全风压通风ventilation of total pressure扩散通风diffusion ventilation分区通风separate ventilation串联通风series ventilation上行通风ascensional ventilation下行通风descensional ventilation循环通风recirculation ventilation中央式通风centralized ventilation对角式通风diagonal ventilation混合式通风compound ventilation多通风机式通风multiple fans ventilation通风机站fan operation point通风机附属设施auxiliary of fans风机硐fan drift防爆门explosive-proof door。
地质专业常用术语中英文对照词典.
红土镍矿和硫化镍矿地质词集合(Cabulary List of Geology1地质勘查与评估(Recourse exploration and assessment Geological Study 地质争论Reconnaissance 踏勘Prospecting 普查General exploration 一般勘探Detailed exploration 具体勘探Economic viability 经济牢靠性Extractable 可采的Total mineral resources 资源总储量Reserve 储量Remaining mineral resources 其余矿产资源Mineral Occurrence 矿化点Uneconomic occurrence 非经济矿化点Feasibility study 可行性争论Prefeasibility study 预可行性争论Measured resource 确定级矿产资源Indicated resource 推定级矿产资源Inferred resource 推想级矿产资源Reconnaissance resource 踏勘矿产Independent Consulting Geologist 独立询问地质专家Independent Consulting Geologist’独Re立po咨rt询地质专家报告Sampling 采样Validation sampling 验证取样Duplicate sample 副样Assay 分析Composite assay 组合分析drilling 钻探Test pitting 井探Treach 探槽Drill hole 钻孔Test pit 探坑patial distribution 空间分布Profile 剖面cross-section 横剖面Geological penetrate rader 地质雷达污染Grid spacing 勘探网度Geological mapping 地质填图Aerial survey 航空测量Mineralication 矿化，成矿Spatial distribution 空间分布Weathering 风化Lateritisation 红土矿化，红土矿成矿作用The Valmin Code : Code and Guideline for Assessment and valuation of Mineral Securities for Independent Experts Report澳大利亚独立专家矿产资源评估报告编写标准JORC Code :Australasian Code for Reporting of identified Mineral Resources andOre Reserves released by the Joint ore Reserve Committee 澳大利亚资源委员会资源评估报告编写标准2岩石名schist 片岩ultramafic rocks 超基性岩，limestone 石灰岩dunite 纯橄榄岩peridotite 橄榄岩hornblendite 角闪岩pyroxenite 辉石岩lherzolite 二辉橄榄岩diabase 辉绿岩gabro 辉长岩gabbrophyre 辉长煌斑岩diorite 闪长岩norite 苏长岩tholeiite 拉班玄武岩ferrobasic 铁质的magma 岩浆granite 花岗岩petroface 岩相phyllite 千枚岩mylonite 糜棱岩3 矿物名Laterite 红土矿limonite 褐铁矿goethite 针铁矿magnetite 磁铁矿haematite 赤铁矿nickel sulphate 硫酸镍(iron，magnesiumhydroxide (铁,镁氢氧化物nickel-bearing clay mineral 含镍粘土矿物nickel silicate 硅酸镍hdrosulphide 硫化氢serpentine 蛇纹石antigorite 叶蛇纹石chrysotile 纤蛇纹石garnierite 镍叶蛇纹石millerite 针镍矿talc 滑石chlorite 绿泥石montmorillonite 蒙脱石saprolite 腐泥土clay mineral 粘土矿物serpentinization 蛇纹石化kaoline 高岭石magnesite 菱镁矿calcite 方解石Sulphide硫化矿pyrite黄铁矿pyrrhotite磁黄铁矿ilmenite 钛铁矿chromite 铬铁矿chalcopyrite 黄铜矿cubanite 方黄铜矿valleriite 墨铜矿bornite 斑铜矿chalcocite 辉铜矿conellite铜蓝pentlendite 镍黄铁矿violarite 紫硫镍铁矿mackinovite 马基诺矿millerite 针镍矿bravoite 方硫铁镍矿chrome spinal 铬尖晶石olivine 橄榄石pyroxene 辉石tremolite 透闪石hornblende 角闪石mica 云母biotite 黑云母muscovite 白云母phlogopite 金云母plagioclase 斜长石orthoclase 正长石gangue 脉石isotope 同位素major mineral 主要矿物minor mineral 次要矿物accessory mineral 副矿物trace mineral 痕量矿物4 构造stock 岩株dike 岩墙basin 岩盆outcrop 露头tectonics 构造学tectono-stratigraphics 构造地层学ore-bearing structure 含矿构造subfault 二次断层synclinorium 复向斜volcanic 火山的colcano 火山imbricate thrust fault 叠瓦状逆掩断层detrital material 碎屑物质mantle 地表掩盖物，地慢concretion 胶结作用mottling 斑状构造flame structure 火焰状构造spongy structure 海绵状构造drop-like structure 乳滴状构造disemminated structure 浸染状构造strike 走向decline 倾向dip 倾角porosity 孔隙度moistur content 含水量bulk density 块比重General tectonic setting 地质构造环境evolve 演化Gabbroid 辉长岩状Fauld displacement 断距fauld plane 断面6 地貌与气候landscape and climatehillocky area 丘岭地区stony semi-desert area 碎石半沙漠地区气候sharply continental arid climate 大陆性干旱气候7 其他一般地质词汇isochronous 等时的，同步的variscian 古生代8 采矿词汇(MiningMining report 开采报告Orepass 溜井ramp 斜坡道hoist 卷杨机crosscut 川脉道stope 采场development works 采准工程tunnel 巷道filling 充填cement filling 胶结充填undercut and cement filling 胶结充填采矿main shaft 主井vice shaft 副井ventilation shaft 风井support 支护steel set 钢架shotcrete 素喷pressure grouting 注浆bolt 锚杆cable bolts 长锚索bolts to hold mesh 喷锚网surface subsidence 地表沉降ore to waste 采剥比open pit minning 露天开采excavater 铲运机5 选矿词汇(ConsentratePilot scale testing 工业试验crusher 裂开机mill 磨矿机flotation 浮选Consentrate 选矿厂,精矿tailler dam 尾矿坝6 冶金词汇(ExtractSmelter 冶炼厂〔火法〕Refinery 精炼厂Hydrometallurgic 湿法冶炼的Pyrometallurgic 火法冶炼的Liquation 溶液Heap leaching 堆浸Bioleaching 生物浸出high pressure acid leach 高压浸出Ion exchange 离子交换strip 反萃Resin 树脂萃取Dissolve 溶解Roast 培烧roaster 培烧窑flash furnace 闪速炉convertor 转炉slag 渣matte 锍pour into moulds 浇铸sulphate-chlorite solution 硫酸-盐酸电解液electrolyte 电解,电解池,电解质cathodyte 阴极电解质anode 阳极anode slab 阳极板Solution Neutralisation 溶液中和precipitation 沉淀Washing and filtering 洗矿与过滤solvent 溶剂Ironremoval 除铁purification 提纯7 一些矿物的分子构造serpentine 蛇纹石A3[Si2O5](OH4 , A=Mg,Fe2+,Ni 等，A 为镍时为镍蛇纹石，蛇纹石为层状硅酸盐，(OH+在层间以分子间力连结上下两层。
矿井地质基础知识
矿井地质基础知识一、地壳与地质作用㈠地壳及岩石从古到今，人类的活动，都在地壳的表层进行。
煤正是埋藏在地壳的表层。
组成地壳的是岩石，岩石是由一些矿物颗粒组成。
矿物是一种或多种元素在地质作用下自然形成的产物，每一种矿物均有一定的化学成分和物理性质。
因此，岩石的化学成分和物理性质是不均匀的，同一种岩石的化学成分和物理性质可以有很大的差别。
按生成的方式，岩石可以分三大类：1. 岩浆岩岩浆岩又称为火成岩，它是由岩浆冷凝而成。
地壳深处压力和温度都很高，各种物质熔化成岩浆。
当这种高温高压的岩浆沿着地壳裂缝移动到表层或喷出地面时，便冷凝成岩浆岩。
如花岗岩、玄武岩等，都是最常见的岩浆岩。
2. 沉积岩地表原有岩石经风化、剥蚀成碎屑，并经流水的搬运，在湖泊、沼泽地带沉积下来，这些沉积物经过压紧、胶结等作用形成沉积岩。
常见的沉积岩有砂岩、页岩和石灰岩等。
3. 变质岩变质岩是已经形成的各种岩石，在地下深处受到重力、地壳运动或岩浆侵入的高温作用，产生物理化学变化，改变了原来的成分和性质而变成的岩石。
如石灰岩变质成大理岩。
煤属沉积岩类。
在煤矿中遇到的主要是沉积岩，有些煤矿有岩浆岩侵入现象。
㈡地质作用与地壳运动组成地壳的物质，处于不断的运动和变化中。
促使地壳发生运动和变化的自然作用，称为地质作用。
有些地质作用进行得很激烈、明显，例如地震和火山爆发；而更多的地质作用则进行得很缓慢，需经历若干万年、亿年才显现出变化的结果根据引起地质作用的动力来源不同，可将地质作用分为两大类：动力主要来自地球本身内部的内力地质作用，动力主要来自于太阳的外力地质作用，两者之间相互影响。
1. 外力地质作用它主要由于太阳辐射能引起。
地表岩石经过长期风吹雨打、日晒和温度变化、生物活动等，逐渐被破坏剥离或分解，通称为风化剥蚀；风化剥蚀的产物，随风流或水流搬运，当到低洼开阔的地方风流或水流减缓、搬运作用减弱时，剥蚀产物则沉积下来，即所谓的沉积作用。
沉积物在低洼地带一层层的堆积，越来越厚，下面的沉积物被上面的压紧，进而胶结成一个整体岩层，就是沉积岩。
采矿专业英语词汇
New words
• • • • • • • • • 煤层分叉 split coal 冲刷、冲蚀 washout 矿脉 vein 岩墙 rock dike = rock dyke clastic dike 碎屑状岩墙 roll 顶底板凸出 cleat 层理 concretion 结核 igneous intrusion 火成岩侵入体
NEW WORDS
• 地质作用 geologic function; geologic process • 外力地质作用 geologic process from the external force • 内力地质作用 geologic process from the internal force • 变质作用 metamorphic process • 风化作用 weathering
2 Preplanning and design
COAL MINING TECHNOLOGY MINING ENGINEERING CLASS 11-1,2,3,4 LECTURED BY ZANG CHUANWEI
New words and expression
• • • • • • • • • cover n. 覆盖层。 impurity n. 杂质，夹矸。 cleavage n. 节理 strength n. 强度 hardness n. 硬度 immediate roof 直接顶 methane n. 甲烷，瓦斯 blasting mining method 炮采 conventional mechanized mining method 普采 • fully mechanized mining method 综采
22
New words and expression
采矿术语——精选推荐
回收率选矿的目的就是要把原矿中所含的金属，最大限度地选入到品位更高的精矿中。
这个选分过程的完全程度，可以用金属回收率来评定。
所谓金属回收率，就是精矿中所含的金属重量与原矿中该金属重量的比值，常用百分数来表示。
回收率是反应待测物在样品分析过程中的损失的程度，损失越少，回收率越高，如果你作标液1PPM，就是1毫克/升，而作出标准数据为0.99毫克/升，就是说你的回收率是99％，这个与真实成分有密切的关系，说明你方法的准确度地质储量地质储量又称预测储量，是指经过地质勘探手段，查明埋藏地下的资源数量，指根据区域地质测量、矿产分布规律、或根据区域构造单元并结合已知矿产地的成矿规律进行预测的储量。
是矿产资源储量中探明程度最差的一级储量。
根据矿床勘探和研究程度，岩金矿床地质储量目前分为B（331）、C（332）、D（333）四级。
其中B、C、D三级称工业储量，E（334）级称远景储量。
地质储量在矿产储量中属第四类——不列入探明储量的级别。
它只能作为编制普查工作远景时的参考，或作为地质普查找矿设计及矿山企业远景规划的依据。
油气藏地质储量——一个特定地质构造中聚集的油气数量，如油区地质储量，油田地质储量和油藏地质储量等。
浮选法是选金生产中应用最广泛的一种选矿法。
是利用矿物表面物理化学性质的差异来选分矿石的一种方法。
一、浮选法的发展沿革中国古代曾利用矿物表面的天然疏水性来净化朱砂、滑石等矿质药物，使矿物细粉飘浮于水面，而无用的废石颗粒沉下去。
在淘洗砂金时，用羽毛蘸油粘捕亲油疏水的金、银细粒，当时称为鹅毛刮金。
明宋应星《天工开物》记载，金银作坊回收废弃器皿上和尘土中的金、银粉末时“滴清油数点，伴落聚底＂。
这就是浮选法选金的最初应用。
18世纪人们已知道固体粒子粘附在气泡上能升至水面的现象．随着人们对金属需求量的增加，急于找到一种方法回收矿石中细粒金属。
19世纪末，随着人们对矿物表面性质的认识深化，出现了薄膜浮选法和全油浮选法。
【采矿课件】第一章煤矿地质知识
第三节 煤的性质及工业分类
• 1．煤的物理性质
– 光泽、颜色、条痕、硬度、脆度、比重和容重、导电 性等。
• 2．煤的化学组成：有机质和无机质，主要元素有：碳、
氢、氧、氮、硫、磷。
变质程度
褐煤
长焰煤
气煤
肥煤
烟
焦煤
煤
瘦煤
光泽 无光泽暗淡 沥青光泽 沥青光泽 强沥青光泽 弱玻璃光泽 玻璃光泽
强玻璃光泽
颜色 褐色 黑褐色 褐黑色
– 3）煤层的倾角 • 缓斜煤层 0°～25° • 倾斜煤层 25°～45° • 急斜煤层 45°～90° • 通常又把8°以下的煤层称为近水平煤层。
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【采矿课件】第一章煤矿地质知识
第四节 煤层的埋藏特征
• 二、煤层顶底板岩石
– 煤层顶底板岩石是指煤系中位于煤层上下一定距离内 的岩层。按照沉积的次序，在正常情况下，先于煤生 成的岩石是煤层的底板，较煤后生成的岩层叫做顶板。
– 我国最主要的三个聚煤时期为：石炭二迭纪、侏罗纪 和第三纪。
– 古植物从死亡、堆积到转化为煤的演化过程，称为成 煤作用。分为泥炭化阶段 和煤化阶段 。
• 二、煤系的概念
– 煤系是指含有煤层的沉积岩系，它们彼此间大致连续 沉积，并在成因上有密切联系。
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【采矿课件】第一章煤矿地质知识
【采矿课件】第一章煤 矿地质知识
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【采矿课件】第一章煤矿地质知识
本章主要内容
Ú 第一章 煤矿地质知识
– 第一节 地质作用、地壳的物质组成及地史 的概念
– 第二节 煤的形成及煤系 – 第三节 煤的性质及工业分类 – 第四节 煤层的埋藏特征 – 第五节 煤田地质勘探及矿井资源/储量
采矿工程英语词汇
第四篇汉英常用采矿工程词汇（分类按汉语拼音顺序排列）煤柱尺寸pillar dimension灰色关联分析gray relationship analysis地质构造geological tectonic水文地质hydrogeology极不规则煤层extremely anomalistic coal seam预紧力、预应力pre-tightening force, pre-stress含水的hydrous水力采煤hydraulic cutting coal主（副）井main (auxiliary) shaft敏感性sensitivity国内外at home and abroad瓦斯抽放gas drainage机电一体化mechanical-electrical integration稳定性stability微地震micro-seism动载dynamic loading流变特征rheological characteristic蠕变creep人工神经网络artificial neural network定位orientation保水开采mining without detroying water resource高压注水water injection with high pressure中硬煤层medium hard coal seam层次分析法hierarchy anallysis proceeding煤与瓦斯突出coal and gas bursting模糊综合评判fuzzy comprehensive evaluation综（放）采工作面full-mechanized (caving) mining face炮采工作面blasting mining face机采工作面mechanized mining face（急）倾斜煤层(steeply) inclined coal seam走向strike倾向direction dip,dip,inclination矿山压力underground pressure支承压力abutment pressure上覆岩层overlying rock strata薄、中厚、厚煤层thin,medium thick,thick coal seam（松散）含水层(loose) aquifer裂缝带crack zone垮落带caving zone顶、底板roof,floor顶煤top coal（掩护式）液压支架(shield) powered support割煤机coal cutter刮板机scrapper胶带输送机belt conveyor片帮coal slide冒顶roof fall岩爆（矿震、冲积矿压）rock burst自燃spontaneous combustion 防水（砂）煤柱water(sand)-proof coal pillar陷落柱collapse column煤（岩）巷coal(rock) roadway沿空巷道roadway along gob围岩surrounding rock突水water bursting"三软" soft roof,soft coal,soft floor地应力ground stress（开采）地表沉陷(mining) surface subsidence高产高效high production and high efficiency回风巷ventilation roadway运输巷transportation roadway火成岩（岩浆岩）igneous rock厚冲积层thick alluvium条带开采strip mining移动、变形movement,distortion极限平衡区limit equilibrium area可靠性，可行性，合理性，适应性reliability, feasibility, rationality,adaptability采出率、回收率mining rate,recovery rate埋管注氮nitrogen injection with buried pipe复合顶板combined roof断层fault喷浆grouting动压dynamic pressure地质灾害geological disasterEH-4电导率成像系统EH-4 electro-conducibility imaging system透气性（渗透性）permeability倾向性liability井下underground设备配套equipment match选型设计lectotype design撤架dismantling supports加固reinforcing安全阀safety valve积水seeper柔性支架flexible support伪斜apparent dip绞车房hoist room(winder chamber)暗立（斜）井blind (slope) shaft底臌floor heave破碎顶板cracked roof解放层protective coal seam电阻应变仪resistance strain instument坑口电厂pithead power plant1．煤炭科学技术总论采矿系统工程mining system engineering 采矿系统优化模型model of mining systemoptimization采矿岩石学mining rock mechanics采煤coal mining, coalextraction, coal getting采煤学 coal mining 地下开采 underground mining矸石 refuse, waste, dirt,debris固体可燃矿产 solid combustible mineral褐煤 lignite, brown coal化石燃料 fossil fuel洁净煤技术 clean coal technology矿 [underground] mine矿床模型 model of mineral deposits矿井 [underground] mine矿井通风[学] mine ventilation,underground ventilation矿区 mining area矿山 mine矿山测量[学] mine surveying矿山电气工程 mine electric engineering,mine electro-technics矿山机械工程 mine mechanical engineering矿山建设 mine construction矿山提升[学] mine hoisting, winding矿山运输[学] mine transportation, minehaulage矿田 mine filed露天开采, '露天开采学 surface mining露天矿 surface mine煤 coal煤当量 coal equivalent煤的综合利用 comprehensive utilization ofcoal, coal utilization煤化学 coal chemistry煤矿 coal mine, colliery煤矿安全 mine safety 煤矿机械 coal mine machinery 煤转化 coal conversion 煤炭地下技术 underground coal gasification 煤炭环境保护 coal environmental control, environmental protection in coal mining 煤炭技术 coal technology 煤炭加工 coal processing 煤炭科学 coal science 煤田 coalfield 煤田地质勘探 coal exploration, coal prospecting 煤田地质学 coal geology 煤岩学 coal petrology 石煤 stone-like coal 无烟煤 anthracite 选煤 coal preparation, coal cleaning 烟煤 bituminous coal 硬煤 hard coal2．地质测量 A 级储量 grade A reservesB 级储量 grade B reservesC 级储量 grade C reservesD 级储量 grade D reserves 边界角 limit angle 采场验收测量 pit acceptance survey 采出率 ratio recovery 采动系数 factor of full extraction 采掘工程平面图 mine map 采煤工作面测量 coal face survey 采区测量 mining district survey 采区联系测量 transfer survey in mining district 超前影响角 advance angle of influence 沉井凿井法施工测量 construction survey for drop shaft sinking 充分采动 full subsidence, critical/supercritical extraction充分采动角 ZHANGCHIZZubsidence储量管理 reserves management导入高程测量 elevation transfer survey导水断裂带 water conducted zone 点下对中 centering under roof station 地表移动 surface movement, ground movement地表移动观测站 observation station of groundmovement地表移动盆地 subsidence trough,subsidence basin顶板测点 roof station定向连接测量 connection survey for shaftorientation 定向连接点 connection point for shaft orientation 动用储量 mining-employed reserves 冻结凿井法施工测量 construction survey for shaft sinking by freezing method 断层几何制图 fault geometrisation 断裂带 fractured zone 防水煤岩柱 safety pillar under water-bodies 非充分采动 subcritical extraction 刚性结构措施 structure rigidity-strengthening measures 工业场地平面图 mine yard plan 贯通测量 holing-through survey 光电测距导线 EDM traverse 拐点偏移距 deviation of inflection point 滑动层 sliding layer 缓冲沟 buffer trench 灰分等值线图 isogram of ash content 回采煤量 workable reserves激光指向 laser guide几何定向orientation by shaft plumbing 近井点near shaft control point井底车场平面图shaft bottom plan井上下对照图location map, site plan井田区域地形图topographic map of [underground] mine field井筒煤柱开采shaft pillar extraction井筒延深测量shaft deepening survey井下测量underground survey井下平面控制测量underground horizontal control survey开采沉陷mining subsidence开拓煤量developed reserves抗变形建筑物deformation resistant structure垮落带caving zone矿区控制测量control survey of mining area 矿山工程测量mine survey矿体几何学geometry of ore deposits矿体几何制图geometrisation of ore deposits矿田区域地形图topographic map of mine field立井定向shaft orientation立井施工测量construction survey for shaft sinking立井十字中线标定setting out cross line of shaft center立井中心标定setting out shaft center联系测量transfer survey连接三角形法connection triangle method 裂缝角angle of break临界变形值critical deformation values露天矿测量open-pit survey煤层等厚线图isothickness map of coal seam煤层等深线图isobath map of coal seam煤层褶皱几何制图fold geometrisation of coal seam瞄直法alignment method逆转点法reversal point method柔性结构措施structure yielding measures 三量Three Class of Reserves设计损失allowable loss实际损失储量actual loss of reserves水平移动系数displacement factor损失率loss percentage投点shaft plumbing陀螺方位角gyroscopic azimuth陀螺经纬仪定向gyroscopic orientation survey 弯曲带sagging zone围护带safety berm下沉系数subsidence factor巷道坡度线标定sitting out roadway gradient 巷道碎部测量detail survey for mine workings巷道验收测量footage measurement of roadway巷道中线标定setting out center line of roadway岩层移动strata movement移动角angle of critical deformation 移动盆地主断面major cross-section of subsidence trough影响传播角propagation angle中天法transit method主要影响半径major influence radius主要影响角正切tangent of major influence angle注浆凿井法施工测量construction survey for grouting sinking准备煤量prepared reserves钻井凿井法施工测量construction survey for shaft boring最大下沉角angle of maximum subsidence最大下沉速度角angle of maximum subsidence velocity3．地下开采安全平盘safety berm安全水头safety water head暗井blind shaft, staple shaft薄煤层thin seam爆破采煤工艺blast-winning technology爆破装煤blasting loading变形压力rock deformation pressure闭路供水closed-circuit water supply闭式落煤顺序close-type winning sequence 不规则垮落带irregularly caving zone部分开采partial extraction侧支撑压力side abutment pressure采场延伸pit deepening采动裂隙mining-induced fissure采动应力mining-induced stress采垛winning-block采垛角angle of winning-block采段extracting zone采段流煤上山extracting block coal-waterrise采高mining height采掘带cut采掘区block采宽cut width采矿站ore station采空区goaf, gob, waste采装loading采煤方法coal wining method, coal mining method采煤工作面coal face, working face采区district, panel采区车场district station, district inset采区准备preparation in district采区设计mining-district design, panel design采区上山district rise采区石门district cross-cut采区下山district dip仓储采煤法shrinkage stoping长壁放顶采煤法longwall mining with sublevel caving长壁工作面longwall face超前巷道advance heading充采比stowing ratio充填倍线stowing gradient充填步距stowing interval充填沉缩率setting ratio充填法stowing method充填能力stowing capacity冲击地压rock burst, pressure bump 承压含水层上采煤coal mining above aquifer初撑力强度setting load density, SLD 初次放顶initial caving初次来压first weighting出气孔production well出气强度production well capacity出入沟main access储量备用系数reserve factor of mine reserve 垂直切片terrace cut slice大巷main roadway带压开采mining under safe water pressure of aquifer单侧沟hillside ditch单煤层大巷main roadway for single seam单体液压支柱hydraulic prop倒台阶采煤法overhand mining底板floor底板载荷集度floor load intensity底帮foot slope底部境界线floor boundary line底鼓floor heave地表境界线surface boundary line地下煤气发生场underground gasifier地下气化工作面underground gasification face 地下气化效率efficiency of underground gasification叠加应力superimposed stress顶板roof顶板单位破碎度specific roof flaking ratio顶板回弹roof rebound顶板垮落roof caving顶板垮落角roof caving angle 顶板冒落roof fall顶板破碎度roof flaking ratio顶板弱化roof weakening顶板台阶下沉roof step顶板稳定性roof stability顶板压力roof pressure顶帮top slope顶底板移近量roof-to-floor convergence顶底板移近率roof-to-floor convergence ratio动压巷道workings subject to dynamic pressure动载系数dynamic load coefficient端帮end slope端面距tip-to-face distance端面冒顶roof flaking短壁采煤法shortwall mining断壁工作面shortwall face墩柱heavy-duty pier, breaker props房顶柱breaker props房式采煤法room mining, chamber mining房柱式采煤法room and pillar mining封闭圈closed level放采比drawing ratio放顶caving the roof放顶距caving interval放煤步距drawing internal放煤顺序drawing sequence非工作帮non-working slope非工作帮坡面non working slope face风力充填pneumatic stowing分层开采slicing分层巷道slice drift, sliced gateway 分带strip分带集中斜巷strip main incline drift分带斜巷strop inclined drift分段sublevel分段平巷sublevel entry, longitudinal subdrift分级提运separate transport and hoisting分流站distribution station分期开采mining by stages分区开采mining by areas分区域开拓areas development辅助水平subsidiary level矸石带waste pack, strip pack, interval of moving monitor,unit advance of monitor高压大射流high pressure large diameter jet干馏----干燥带distillation and drying zone 工作帮working slope工作帮坡面working slope face工作阻力yield load, working resistance工作面working face工作面顶板控制roof control工作面端头face end工作面回风巷tailentry, tailgate,return airway工作面运输巷headentry, headgate, haulage gateway工作平盘working berm工作线front构造裂隙tectonic fissure构造应力tectonic stress规则垮落带regularly caving zone固定路线permanent haulage line管道水力运输pipeline hydrotransport横向前移cross removal恒阻支柱yielding prop厚煤层thick seam后退式开采retreating mining后支撑压力rear abutment pressure滑移顶梁支架slipping bar composite support还原带reduction zone缓沟easy access缓慢下沉法gradual sagging method缓斜煤层gently inclined seam回采巷道gateway, entry, gate回柱prop drawing基本顶main roof机械充填mechanical stowing集中大巷gathering main roadway急斜煤层steeply pitching seam, steep seam坚硬岩层strong strata, hard strata 间断开采工艺discontinuous mining technology架后充填backfill建筑物下开采coal mining under buildings 阶段horizon阶段垂高horizon interval阶段流煤上山extracting block coal-water roadway阶段流煤巷main coal-water rise阶段斜长inclined length of horizon近距离煤层contiguous seams近水平煤层flat seam井田尺寸[underground] mine field size 井田境界[[underground] mine field boundary井田开拓[underground]mine field development静压巷道workings subject to static pressure 掘进率drivage ratio局部冒顶partial roof fall开采水平mining level, gallery level 开采水平垂高lift, level interval开路供水open-circuit water supply开切眼open-off cut开式落煤顺序open-type winning sequence 开拓巷道development roadway抗压入强度press-in strength垮采比caving-height ratio垮落法caving method跨采over-the-roadway extraction 矿井初步设计preliminary [underground]mine design矿井服务年限[underground]mine life矿井井型production scale of [underground] mine矿井开拓设计[underground]mine development design矿井可采储量workable [underground]mine reserves矿井可行性研究[underground]mine feasibility study矿井设计[underground]mine design矿井设计储量designed [underground]mine reserves矿井设计能力designed[underground]mine capacity矿井施工设计[underground]mine construction design矿井延深shaft deepening矿区地面总体设计general surface layout of mining area矿区规模mining area capacity矿区开发可行性研究feasibility study forming area exploitation矿区总体设计general design of mining area 矿山压力rock pressure in mine矿山压力显现strata behaviors控顶距face width离层bed separation离层带注浆充填grouting in separated-bed立井开拓vertical shaft development联络巷crossheading连续开采工艺continuous mining technology溜井draw shaft溜煤石煤coal-water cross-cut溜眼chute临界滑面critical sliding surface漏顶face roof collapse with cavity 锚梁网支护roof bolting with bar and wire mesh煤壁wall煤层产出能力coal-seam productivecapacity煤房room, chamber煤浆coal slurry煤门in-seam cross-cut煤面清扫cleaning煤水泵slurry pump煤水比coal-water ratio煤水仓coal-slurry sump煤水洞室coal slurry preparation room 煤炭地下气化站underground coal gasification station煤岩固化coal/rock reinforcement煤柱coal pillar煤柱支撑法pillar supporting method明槽水力运输flume hydrotransport摩檫支柱frictional prop逆向冲采contrary efflux片帮rib spalling, sloughing平盘berm平硐开拓drift development平行推进parallel advance破煤coal breaking, coal cutting 破碎顶板fractured roof, friable roof 普氏系数Protodyakonov coefficient普通机械化采煤工conventionally-mechanized coal winning technology气化贯通linkage气囊支架air-bag support前进式开采advancing mining前支撑压力front abutment pressure强制放顶forced caving倾倒toppling倾斜长壁采煤法longwall mining to the dip or to the rise倾斜短壁水力采煤法shortwall hydraulic mining in the dip倾斜分层采煤法inclined slicing切口stable, niche区段district sublevel区段集中平巷district sublevel gathering entry, district main entry区段平巷district sublevel entry, district longtudinal subdrift区域性切冒extensive roof collapse全柱开采full pillar extraction柔性掩护支架flexible shield support人工顶板artificial roof入换spotting, train exchange 入换站exchange station三下"开采" coal mining under buildings, railways and water-bodies扫清平盘cleaning berm山坡露天采场mountain surface mine射流打击力jet impact force射流烛心动压力jet axis dynamical pressure 扇型推进fan advance上覆岩层overlying strata上装upper level loading上山rise, raise上挖up digging上行式开采ascending mining上行式开采upward mining十字定梁cross bar石门cross-cut始采线beginning line, mining starting line双工作面double-unit face, double face水采回采巷道stopping entry水力采煤hydraulic coal mining technology水平分层采煤法horizontal slicing水平分段放顶采煤法top-sliming system of sublevel caving水平切片dropping cut slice水枪monitor水体下采煤coal mining underwater-bodies松动压力broken-rock pressure松软岩层weak strata松软岩层soft strata塌落fall台阶坡面线bench angle掏槽slotting挑顶roof ropping特种支柱specific props铁路下开采coal mining under railways 推垮型冒顶thrust roof fall往复式开采reciprocating mining挖底floor dinting挖掘系数excavation factor围岩surrounding rock围岩稳定性stability of surrounding rock 伪顶false roof伪倾斜柔性掩护支架采煤法flexible shield mining in the false dip伪斜长壁采煤法oblique longwall mining喂煤机coal feeder无井式地下气化法shaftless gasification无煤柱护巷non-chain-pillar entry protection无特种柱放顶caving without specific props, caving without breaker props无支柱距prop-free front distance下装lower lever loading下山dip下挖down digging下行式开采descending mining, downward mining巷道断面缩小率roadway reduction ratio巷旁充填roadside packing巷旁支护roadside support限厚开采limited thickness extraction 限制区间limit section协调开采harmonic extraction斜井开拓inclined shaft development 斜切分层采煤法oblique slicing旋转式推进revolving mining，turning longwall循环working cycle循环进度advance of working cycle循环平均阻力time-weighted mean resistance循环平均阻力mean load per unit cycle岩层控制strata control岩石内摩檫角internal friction angle of rock 岩石软化系数softening factor of rock岩石碎胀系数bulking factor, swell factor岩石粘聚力rock cohesion岩应力降低区stress-relaxed area氧化带oxidation zone沿空巷道gob-side entry掩护支架采煤法shield mining移道步距shift spacing移动坑线temporary working ramp移动线路shiftable haulage line应力增高区stress-concentrated area迎山角prop-setting angle有井式地下气化法shaft gasification有效支撑能力practical supporting capacity 原岩virgin rock, virgin rock mass原岩应力initial stress, stress in virgin rock mass员生裂隙initial fissure运输大巷main haulage roadway, main haulageway运输平盘haulage berm增阻支柱late bearing prop再倒退overcasting再生顶板mat, regenerated roof整层开采full-seam mining正台阶采煤法heading-and-bench mining 支撑效率supporting efficiency支撑压力abutment pressure支垛crib支护刚度support rigidity支护强度supporting intensity支架可缩量nominal yield of support支柱密度prop density直接顶immediate roof, nether roof直进坑线straight ramp中厚煤层medium-thick seam 中斜煤层inclined seam, pitching seam终采线terminal line周期来压periodic weighting主石门main cross-cut主要上山main rise主要下山main dip注砂井storage-mixed bin准备巷道preparation roadway自然平衡拱dome of natural equilibrium, natural arch自重充填gravity stowing自重应力gravity stress综合机械化采煤工艺fully-mechanized coal winning technology综合开采工艺combined mining technology 综合开拓combined development总回风巷main return airway纵向前移longitudinal removal走向长壁采煤法longwall mining on the strike 走向短壁水力采煤法shortwall hydraulic mining on the strike组合台阶bench group4．矿山机械工程安全绞车safety winch安全制动safety braking, emergency braking扒爪collecting-arm耙斗scraper bucket耙斗装载机slusher, gathering-armloader, collecting-arm loader,gathering-arm, scraper loader耙式浓缩机rake thickener包角wrap angle, angle ofcontact刨刀bit, plough cutter刨链plough chain刨煤机kohlenhobel, coal loader, plough, plow刨头plough head刨削阻力ploughing resistance刨削深度ploughing depth刨削速度ploughing speed本架控制local control变位质量equivalent mass不平衡提升unbalanced hoisting部分断面掘进机selective roadheader,partial-size tunneling machine侧卸式装载机side discharge loader采煤机coal winning machine采煤机械coal winning machinery,coal getting machinery采煤联动机coal-face winning aggregate缠绕式提升drum winding铲斗bucket铲斗装载机bucket loader铲装板apron铲煤板ramp plate铲入力bucket thrust force沉降过滤式离心脱水机screen-bowl centrifuge沉降式离心脱水机bowl centrifuge冲压式成型机briquetting machine成组控制batch control, bank control成型机briquetting machine出绳角elevation angle弛张筛flip-flop screen齿轨机车rack track car, rack track locomotive齿辊破碎机toothed roll crusher串车trip, train串车train磁选机magnetic separator错绳圈live turns带式输送机belt conveyor带压移架sliding advance of support 单轨吊车overhead monorail, overhead rope monorail挡车栏arrester挡煤板spillplate底座base电气牵引electrical haulage电液控制elector-hydraulic control等厚筛banana vibrating screen低速刨煤slow-speed ploughing调高vertical steering调向油缸lifting ram调斜roll steering定距控制fixed-distance control定压控制fixed-pressure control动力刨煤机dynamischer Hobel, dynamic plough, activated plough多段提升multistage hoisting多水平提升multilevel hoisting, multilevel winding垛式支架chock端头支架face-end support对辊成型机roller briquetting machine 二级制动two stage braking, two period braking翻车机tippler, rotary car dumper 反井钻机raise boring machine防倒装置tilting prevention device防滑安全系数antiskiding factor防滑装置slippage prevention device 防坠器safety catches, parachute 放顶煤支架sublevel caving hydraulic support 风镐air pick, pneumatic pick 高速刨煤heigh-speed ploughing, rapid ploughing钢丝绳牵引运输wire rope haulage工作机构working mechanism, operating organ, service braking轨道运输track transport, track haulage刮板链scraper chain, flight chain 刮板输送机scraper conveyor, flight conveyor滚筒drum, pulley滚筒采煤机shearer, shearer--loader过渡槽ramp pan过放overfall过放高度overfall height, overfall distance, overfall clearance过卷overwind, overtravel过卷高度overwind height,overwind distance, overraiseclearance过滤机filter过煤高度under clearance, passage height under machine过速overespeed后牵引rear haulage弧形筛seive bend护帮板face guard滑架guiding ramp, plough guide滑行刨煤机Gleithobeol, sliding plough滑行拖钩刨煤机Gleit-schwerthobel,sliding drag-hook plough环式成型机impact briquetting machine 机面高度machine height机头部drive head unit机尾部drive end unit机械搅拌式浮选机subaeration flotation machine, agitation froth machine机械牵引mechanical haulage即时前移支架immediate forward support, IFS, one-web back system挤压成型机single lead-screw extruding briquetting machine间隔圈interval turns检验圈inspection cutting turns架节support unit, support section胶套轮机车rubber-tyred locomotive截槽kerf截齿pick, bit截齿配距lacing pattern, pick arrangement进刀sumping截割比能耗specific energy of cutting截割部cutting unit截割高度cutting height截割滚筒cutting drum截割阻抗cutting resistance截割速度cutting speed, bit speed 截割头cutting head截距ntercept截链cutting chain截煤机coal cutter截盘cutting jib, cutting bar截深web, web depth截线cutting line节式支架frame [support]经济提升量economic hoisting capacity, economic winding capacity经济提升速度economic hoisting speed, economic winding speed井架headframe, hoist tower, shaft tower井筒掘进机down-the hole shaft boring machine静力刨煤机statischer Hobel, static plough卷筒winding drum, hoist drum 掘进机械road heading machinery, driving machinery卡轨车road railer, coolie car可爬行坡度passable gradient可伸缩带式输送机extensible belt conveyor可弯曲刮板输送机flexible flight conveyor, armored face conveyor, AFC矿车mine car, pit tub矿井提升机mine winder, mine hoist 矿井提升绞车mine hoist矿井提升阻力winding resistance of mine 矿井提升阻力系数coefficient of winding resistance of mine矿用机车mine locomotive矿用绞车mine winch, mine winder 空气脉动跳汰机air pulsating jig空气室air chamber离地间隙ground clearance of machine 离心脱水机centrifuge立轮重介质分选机vertical lifting wheel separator连续采煤机continuous miner链牵引chain haulage邻架控制adjacent control落道derailment迈步支架walking support螺旋滚筒screw drum, helical vaner drum锚杆钻机roof bolter锚固支架anchor support煤电钻electric coal drill 煤浆准备器pulp preprocessor磨擦轮friction pulley, Koipe wheel磨擦圈holding turns, spare turns, dead turns磨擦式提升friction hoisting, Koepe hoisting磨砺性系数coefficient of abrasiveness 内喷雾internal spraying内牵引internal traction, integral haulage爬车机creeper爬底板采煤机off-pan shearer,floor-based shearer,喷射式浮选机jet flotation machine偏角fleet angle平衡提升balanced hoisting铺网支架support with mesh-lying device骑槽式采煤机conveyor-mounted shearer 普通机械化采煤机组conventionally-mechanized coal winning face unit气力输送air conveying, pneumatic conveying气腿airleg牵引力haulage pull, haulage speed牵引链haulage chain, pulling chain牵引速度travel speed钎杆stem钎头bit, bore bit钎尾shank, bit shank前牵引front haulage前探梁forepole, cantilever roof bar潜孔冲击器down hole hammer潜孔钻机down-the hole drill, percussive drill桥式转载机stage loader切槽cutting groove切削深度cutting depth驱动装置drive unit全断面掘进机tunnel boring machine, TBM, full facer乳化液泵站emulsion power pack人车man car伸缩梁extensible canopy深锥浓缩机deep cone thickener上出绳overlap上漂climbing输送conveying输送带conveying belt输送机conveyor双扭线机构lemniscate linkage双速刨煤dual-speed ploughing水力输送hydraulic conveying顺序控制sequential control梭行矿车shuttle car探钻装置probe drilling system提升不均衡系数hoisting unbalance factor提升富裕系数hoisting abundant factor提升容器hoisting conveyance提升容器自重减轻系数unbalance coefficient of sole weight of hoisting conveyance提升容器载重减轻系数unloading coefficient of hoisting conveyance搪瓷溜槽enameled trough天轮head sheave, sheave wheel 推车机car pusher, ram推移装置pusher jack拖板base plate, articulated拖钩刨煤机reibhakenhobel,drag-hook plough拖缆装置cable handler托辊carrying idler, supporting roller外喷雾external spraying外牵引external traction, independent haulage尾绳tail rope, balance rope无轨运输trackless transport无极绳牵引运输endless-rope haulage无链牵引chainless haulage下出绳underlap下切深度dinting depth, undercut下扎dipping, penetration巷道掘进机roadheader, heading machine, tunneling machine行走部travel unit, traction unit行走机构travel mechanism, traction mechanism行走驱动装置travel driving unit悬boom悬臂式掘进机boom-type roadheader, boom roadheader压滤器press filter岩石电钻electric rock drill掩护梁caving shield掩护式支架shield [support]摇臂ranging arm摇床shaking table, concentrating table液压牵引hydraulic haulage液压支架hydraulic support, powered support圆盘式真空过滤机disk-type filter凿岩机hammer drill, percussion rock drill凿岩台车drill jumbo, drill carriage 张紧装置tensioner, bridge conveyor, take-up device真空过滤机vacuum filter振动筛vibrating screen支撑式支架standing support支撑掩护式支架chock-shield [support]支架伸缩比support extension ratio制动空行程时间time lag, dead time制动系统brake system中部槽linepan终端载荷end load重力运输gravitational conveying, gravity haulage主顶梁main canopy主绳main rope, head rope主尾绳牵引运输main-and-tail rope haulage, main-and-tail haulage专用车special car, specialty car 装煤面coal loader装岩机rock loader装岩机muck loader装载机械loader自然加速度natural acceleration自然减速度natural deceleration综合机械化采煤机组fully-mechanized coal winning face unit阻车器car stop, retarder钻杆drill rod钻井机shaft boring machine,shaft borer钻孔采煤机auger, auger machine钻孔机械drilling machine钻装机drill leader钻头bit, bore bit钻巷机drift boring machine钻削采煤机trepanner钻削头treoan wheel最大工作高度maximum working height最大结构高度maximum constructive height 最小工作高度minimum working height最小结构高度minimum constructive height 最小转弯半径minimal curve radius5. 煤矿安全保护层protective seam被保护层protected seam避难硐室refuge chamber并联网络parallel network测风站air measuring station 残存瓦斯residual gas尘肺病pneumoconiosis抽出式通风exhaust ventilation串联通风series ventilation串联网络series network电化学式瓦斯测定器electrochemical type gas detector等积孔equivalent orifice低瓦斯矿井low gaseous mine调压室pressure balance chamber独立风流separate airflow惰性气体防灭火inert gas for fire extinguishing对角式通风radial ventilation反风reversing the air反风道air-reversing way反风风门doors for air reversing防爆门breakaway explosion door防尘口罩dust mask防火门fire-proof door防火墙fire stopping, water [proof] dam防水闸门water door, bulkhead风表校正曲线calibration curve of anemometer风窗air regulator风电闭锁装置fan-stoppage breaker风电甲烷闭锁装置fan-stoppagemethane-monitor breaker风阻特性曲线air way characteristic curve 风量air flow, air quantity风量按需分配air distribution风量调节air regulation风量自然分配natural distribution of airflow 风门air door风墙air stopping风桥air crossing风筒air duct风硐fan drift风障air brattice分区通风parallel ventilation, separate ventilation粉尘dust粉尘采样器dust sampler粉尘粒度分布dust size distribution粉尘浓度dust concentration浮尘airborne dust辅助通风机booster fan负压negative pressure高瓦斯矿井gassy mine隔爆explosion suppression灌浆grouting呼吸器respirator呼吸性粉尘respirable dust混合式通风compound ventilation火风压fire-heating air pressure火区sealed fire area火灾气体fire gases回风return airflow 机械通风mechanical ventilaton甲烷报警器methane alarm甲烷断电仪methane-monitor breaker甲烷遥测仪remote methana monitor检定管detector tube角联网络diagonal network进风intake airflow局部阻力shock resistance局部阻力系数coefficient of shock resistance局部通风local ventilation局部通风机auxiliary fan绝对瓦斯涌出量absolute gas emission rate均压防灭火pressure balance for air control可燃性气体inflammable gases矿尘mine dust矿井堵水water-blocking in mines, sealing off mine water矿井防治水mine water management, prevention of mine water矿井火灾mine fire矿井空气mine air矿井空气调节mine air conditioning矿井内部漏风underground leakage矿井内部漏风率underground leakage rate矿井气候条件climatic condition in mine矿井通风mine ventilation矿井突水water bursting in mines矿井瓦斯mine gas矿井瓦斯涌出量[underground] mine gas emission rate矿井外部漏风surface leakage矿井外部漏风率surface leakage rate矿井有效风量effective air quantity, ventilation efficiency矿山救护队mine rescue team溃浆burst of mortar扩散器fan diffuser扩散通风diffusion ventilation漏风air leakage落尘settled dust煤(岩)与瓦斯突出coal (rock) and gas outburst mine煤(岩)与瓦斯突出矿井gas explosion煤层注水coal seam water infusion煤层透气性gas permeability of coal seam 煤层瓦斯含量gas content in coal seam煤层瓦斯压力coalbed gas pressure煤尘coal dust煤尘爆炸coal dust explosion煤尘爆炸危险煤层coal seam liable to dust explosion煤的自燃倾向性coal spontaneous combustion tendency。
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垂直纵投影图
vertical longitudinal projected profile
084
水平投影图
horizontal projected profile
085
矿体顶底板等高线图
contour map of roof and floor
086
品位等值线图
isoline map of grade
138
采掘工程图
mining engineering map
139
分层平面图
layer horizontal map
140
陀螺经纬仪
gyroscopetheodolite
141
逆转点法
reverse point method
067
水平勘探
horizontal exploration
068
勘探工程网度
spacing of exploration engineering
069
储量估算
reserve estimation
070
断面法
sectional method
071
克立格法
Kriging
072
地质统计学法
Geostatistics
mine theodolite, mine transit
127
矿用挂罗盘
hanging compass
128
激光导向仪
guiding laser
增加条目
129
大地水准面
geoid
130
地球椭球体
ellipsoid
131
子午线收敛角
convergence of meridian
132
方位角
azimuth
007
最低工业品位
minimum economic ore grade
008
最低可采厚度
minimum workable thickness
009
最大允许夹石厚度
minimum allowable thickness of barren rock
010
围岩
wall rock
011
围岩蚀变
wall rock alteration
041
露头填图
Outcrop mapping
042
地形地质图
topographic-geological map
043
勘探线剖面图
exploratory cross section
044
水文地质图
hydrogeological map
045
地质平面图
geological map
046
地质剖面图
geological profile
120
陷落角
caved angle
121
移动角
displacement angle
122
裂隙角
fractured angle
123
断裂角
break angle, crack angle
124
巷道腰线
half height line of drift
125
竖井定向
shaft plumbing
126
矿用经纬仪
shaft orientation survey
092
井下测量
underground survey
093
竖井施工测量
shaft sinking survey
094
巷道施工测量
drifting survey
095
井巷贯通测量
mine workings link-up survey
096
采场测量
stope survey
033
探明储量
Proved reserves
034
保有储量
retained reserves
035
远景储量
prospective reserves
038
矿石取样
ore sampling
039
矿体二次圈定
secondary delimitation of orebody
040
地质编录
geological logging
053
预查
primary reconnaissance
054
普查
reconnaissance
055
详查
detailed reconnaissance
056
勘探
exploration
057
资源量
resources
058
可采储量
workable reserves
059
基础储量
basic reserves
047
地质柱状图
geologic column
048
钻孔布置图
drilling pattern
增加条目
049
矿石构造
ore structure
050
边际品位
cut-off grade
051
最低米百分值
minimum meter-percentage
052
最低米克吨
minimum meter-gram-tonage
060
勘查类型
Exploration type
061
勘查工程
Exploration engineering
062
槽探
trench prospecting
063
坑探
drift exploration
064
钻探
drilling
065
勘探线
exploration line
066
勘探网
exploration grid
012
断层泥
fault gouge
013
断层角砾岩
fault breccia
014
弱面
weakness plane
015
裂隙间距
fracture spacing
016
露头
Outcrop
017
铁帽
Gossan
018
上盘
hanging wall
019
下盘
foot wall
020
节理玫瑰图
joint rose
cross section view of mining and stripping
107
露天矿爆破测量
blasting survey of surface mine
108
露天矿境界圈定
boundary demarcation of surface mine
109
露天矿线路测量
route survey of surface mine
021
极射赤面投影法
stereography
022
极射赤面投影图
stereogram
023
区域评价
regional appraisal
024
生产勘探
productive exploration
026
矿床评价
ore deposit evaluation
027
地质储量
geological reserves
073
化学取样
chemical sampling
074
岩矿取样
ore and rock sampling
075
技术取样(物理取样)
physical sampling
076
技术加工取样
processing sampling
077
地质测量(地质填图)
geological mapping
078
化探(地球化学找矿)
103
巷道系统立体图
stereographical view of development system
104
露天矿测量
surface mine survey
105
采剥验收测量
check and acceptance by survey on mining and stripping
106
采剥剖面图
097
深孔测量
longhole survey
098
采场空硐测量
stope space survey
099
天井联系测量
raise connecting survey
100
矿井延伸测量
shaft deepening survey
101
巷道验收测量
drift footage survey
102
矿山测量图
mine survey map
133
地理坐标
geographical coordinates
134
平面直角坐标系
rectangular plane coordinates system
tation
136
两井定向
two shaft orientation
137
贯通偏差
link-up warp
geochemical prospecting
079
物探(地球物理找矿)
geophysical prospecting
080
钻孔柱状图
drill columnar section
081
中段地质平面图
level geological map
082
平台地质图
open bench geologic map