(江苏版)201x届高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 语法专项突破 第七讲 定语从句 牛津译林版
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我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋 友。 ◆I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 ◆The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. 我想与你讨论的人是屠呦呦,2015 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学 奖的人。
第二部分 第七讲
第七讲 定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who,whom 和 whose 引导的定语从句 (1)who 或 whom 均可指代人, 但 who 在从句中作主语或宾语, whom 在从句中作宾语; 两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用 that 替换。 作主语时, who/that 不可省略; 作宾语时, whom/who/that 可以省略。 ◆I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.
(3)关系词只用 which 而不用 that 的情况: ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。 ◆The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. 这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。 ②当从句中的介词提前, 构成“介词+关系代词” 结构时。 ◆We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。
2.that,which 引导的定语从句 (1)which 指物, 在从句中可以作主语、宾语,也可作定语,作 宾语时可以省略。that 指人或物均可, 在从句中可以作主语、 宾语、表语, 作宾语时可以省略。 ◆She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 (2)限制性定语从句中, 关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的情况:
Programme,one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide
starvation. A.which
B.its
C.whose
D.whom
C 解 析 : 考 查 定 语 从 句 。 purposes 与 the World Food Programme 存在“所属”关系,此处指“世界粮食计划署的目 的之一”,且空处在句中作定语,因此选择 whose。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要 和先行词保持一致。 ◆Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 汤姆是想出解决方法的唯一工程师。
[典例 1] (2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food
(2)whose 表所属关系, 一般指人,也可指物, 在从句中作定 语。 指物时相当于 of which; 指人时相当于 of whom。 ◆The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生, 放假时商店关门。
[典例 2] (2017·天津卷)My eldest son, ________ work takes him
all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A.that
B.whose
C.his
D.who
B 解析:考查定语从句。句意:我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波 于世界各地,他现在在纽约。从句意和句子结构的衔接看,本 空需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句修饰主句的主语 My eldest son,并在从句中作定语,因此这里选 whose 引导定语从句。
③先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some,all 等修饰时。 ◆The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 ◆They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和 事。
①先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one 等时。 ◆I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词, 或先行词前有形容词最高 级或序数词修饰时。 ◆The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋 友。 ◆I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 ◆The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. 我想与你讨论的人是屠呦呦,2015 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学 奖的人。
第二部分 第七讲
第七讲 定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who,whom 和 whose 引导的定语从句 (1)who 或 whom 均可指代人, 但 who 在从句中作主语或宾语, whom 在从句中作宾语; 两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用 that 替换。 作主语时, who/that 不可省略; 作宾语时, whom/who/that 可以省略。 ◆I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.
(3)关系词只用 which 而不用 that 的情况: ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。 ◆The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. 这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。 ②当从句中的介词提前, 构成“介词+关系代词” 结构时。 ◆We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。
2.that,which 引导的定语从句 (1)which 指物, 在从句中可以作主语、宾语,也可作定语,作 宾语时可以省略。that 指人或物均可, 在从句中可以作主语、 宾语、表语, 作宾语时可以省略。 ◆She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 (2)限制性定语从句中, 关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的情况:
Programme,one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide
starvation. A.which
B.its
C.whose
D.whom
C 解 析 : 考 查 定 语 从 句 。 purposes 与 the World Food Programme 存在“所属”关系,此处指“世界粮食计划署的目 的之一”,且空处在句中作定语,因此选择 whose。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要 和先行词保持一致。 ◆Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 汤姆是想出解决方法的唯一工程师。
[典例 1] (2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food
(2)whose 表所属关系, 一般指人,也可指物, 在从句中作定 语。 指物时相当于 of which; 指人时相当于 of whom。 ◆The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生, 放假时商店关门。
[典例 2] (2017·天津卷)My eldest son, ________ work takes him
all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A.that
B.whose
C.his
D.who
B 解析:考查定语从句。句意:我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波 于世界各地,他现在在纽约。从句意和句子结构的衔接看,本 空需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句修饰主句的主语 My eldest son,并在从句中作定语,因此这里选 whose 引导定语从句。
③先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some,all 等修饰时。 ◆The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 ◆They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和 事。
①先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one 等时。 ◆I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词, 或先行词前有形容词最高 级或序数词修饰时。 ◆The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。