六种英语基本句型详细讲解

英语简单句5种基本基本句型

简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。

一、句型1：Subject (主语)＋Verb (谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。

eg The birds are f lying那些鸟在飞。

Things change事物是变化的。

Nobody went没有人去。

练习：汉译英

1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。

2) The sun was rising.

3) Spring is coming.

4) I'll try.

5) We all breathe, eat, and drink.

6) Did you sleep well last night？

7) The book sells well.

8) The engine broke down.

9) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

10) We have lived in the city for ten years.

11) Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.

12) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。

13) I'll go when I have had my dinner.我吃了饭就去。

14) What he said does not matter.

15) They had talked for half an hour when I came in.

16) His parents have worked in the factory for more than ten years.

17) So they had to travel by air or boat．

18) We got up early so as to catch the first bus．

19) She sat there alone， reading a novel．

20) He came back when we were eating．

21) Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.

二、句型2：Subject (主语)＋Link. V(系动词)＋Predicate(表语)

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：

1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：

1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。

练习：汉译英

1) The dinner smells good.

2)Everything looks different.

3)He fell asleep.

4)This is an English-Chinese dictionary.

5)He is growing tall and strong.

6)Mr.Brown is an engineer.

7)His face turned red.

8)Gradually he became silent.(形容词做表语)

9)She remained standing outside for a hour.(现在分词做表语)

10)The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)

11)The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)

12)The television was on.(副词做表语)

13)His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)

14)My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)

15)The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语)

16)I'm happy to meet you.

17)They are willing to help.

18)We feel used to living in big cities．

19)The potatoes went bad in the fields．

20)Their boss seems satisfied with the work．

三、句型3：Subject(主语)＋Verb (谓语)＋Object (宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：

1) He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。

2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮

助。

3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

练习：汉译英

1) Who knows the answer?

2) He enjoys reading.

3) He has refused to help them.

4) He said"Good morning."

5) I want to have a cup of tea.

6) Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)

7) I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)

8) We can't afford to pay such a computer.(不定式做宾语)

9) Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词做宾语)

10) He admits that he was mistaken.

11) Tom made a hole in the wall．

12) I don’t know if he can come tomorrow．

13) They haven’t decided where to go next．

14) She stopped teaching English two years ago．

15) It took them ten years to build the bridge．

16) Mother promises to give me a present．

17) I wrote a letter last night.

18) I want to have a talk with you this afternoon.

19) He has read this book many times.