咖啡起源

咖啡起源
咖啡起源：
Coffee is a brewed beverage prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of "coffee cherries" that grow on trees in over 70 countries. It has been said that green coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world behind crude oil.Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans. Today, coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide.
It is thought that the energizing effect of the coffee bean plant was first recognized in the south west of Ethiopia, and the cultivation of coffee expanded in the Arab world.The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking appears in the middle of the fifteenth century, in the Sufi monasteries of the Yemen in southern Arabia. From the Muslim world, coffee spread to Italy, then to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and to the Americas.
Coffee berries, which contain the coffee bean, are produced by several species of small evergreen bush of the genus Coffea. The two most commonly grown species are Coffea canephora (also known as Coffea robusta) and Coffea arabica; less popular species are liberica, excelsa, stenophylla, mauritiana, racemosa. These are cultivated primarily in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. The seeds are then roasted, undergoing several physical and chemical changes. They are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavour. They are then ground and brewed to create coffee. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways.
Coffee has played an important role in many societies throughout history. In Africa and Yemen, it was used in religious ceremonies. As a result, the Ethiopian Church banned its secular consumption until the reign of Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia.It was banned in Ottoman Turkey in the 17th century for political reasons,and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe.
Coffee is an important export commodity. In 2004, coffee was the top agricultural export for 12 countries, and in 2005, it was the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value.
Some controversy is associated with coffee cultivation and its impact on the environment. Many studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and certain medical conditions; whether the overall effects of coffee are positive or negative is still disputed.
The term coffee was introduced to Europe by the Ottoman Turkish kahve, which is, in turn, derived from the Arabic: ةوهق‎, qahweh.The origin of the Arabic term is derived either from the name of the Kaffa region in western Ethiopia, where coffee was cultivated, or by a truncation of qahwat al-būnn, meaning "wine of the bean" in Arabic. The English word coffee first came to be used in the early to mid-1600s, but early forms of the word date to the last decade of the 1500s. In Ethiopia's neighbor Eritrea, "būnn" (also meaning "wine of the bean" in Tigrinya) is used. The Amharic and Afan Oromo name for coffee is bunna.
现在常见咖啡品种英文介绍：
（1）Decaf Coffee - Decaffeination is the process of removing most of the caffeine that naturally occurs in coffee.Specialty Coffee - Coffees that have been mixed with flavoring agents while in their roasted whole bean state.
（2）Iced Coffee - Regular coffee served cold with ice.
（3）Café Au Lait - Is a French coffee drink prepared by mixing coffee and steamed milk. It is similar to Italian latte, but with coffee instead of espresso.
（4）Espresso - Is a strong, flavorful coffee brewed by forcing hot water through finely ground coffee beans. Espresso differs greatly from the common drip brewed coffee drink in its thick concentrated consistency, and robust flavor
英语口语【你想喝什么咖啡】情景对话学习英语可以去一些英语培训网或在线英语培训网英语免费学习网找资料学习。

aHello, Lucy. I haven't seen you for a long time. How are you doing now?
露西，好久不见，最近还好吧？
bJust so-so. I'm busy with my term papers.
就那样吧，忙着写论文呢．
aYeah, the deadline is drawing near. How are things going?
是啊，马上就要交了．你写得怎样了
bLet me first get some coffee to get my brain working.
我先喝杯咖啡，让脑子清醒一下
aI could use one too.
那我也来一杯吧。

bWhat kind of coffee do you drink?
你想喝什么咖啡？
aWhat have you got?
你有什么呀？
bWell, I have espresso, cappuccino, latte, skinny latte, Americano and restretto.有意式浓缩咖
啡，花式咖啡，拿铁咖啡，脱脂拿铁咖啡，美式咖啡，还有restrctto。

aAre you kidding me? You have so many choices! What's restretto anyway? 错误!
你不是开玩笑吧？这么多种啊，另外，什么是restretto?
bIt's basically a very strong espresso. Half the water pulled through the same amount of beans. Pure coffee esscnce.错误!
Ristrctto咖啡是浓缩咖啡的再浓缩，相同份量的咖啡豆，只加入一半半的水，是纯正的咖啡精华．
aSounds like it must be full of caffeine. I want one of those. 错误!
肯定有很多咖啡因。

那就给我来这种吧．
bYou fiend. It's about the flavor, not the fix. Try an Amcricano. Espresso with water.错误!
你这个咖啡狂！这种咖啡讲求的是咖啡的香味，而不是刺激和快感．要不来点美式咖啡吧，就是浓缩咖啡加水。

aSounds a little weak.
好像不够刺激．
bHow about espresso mixed with drip coffee?错误!
那就来点一般的伽啡加滴滤式咖啡．
aOk. Thanks. 错误!
好的，谢谢。