商务英语期末复习培训资料
商务英语阅读期末考试复习资料
《商务英语阅读》期末考试复习资料一、词汇翻译题（课内词汇+课外高频商务词汇）1.entrepreneur 企业家2.specification 规格详述3.human resources 人力资源4.institution 机构5.orientation 方向，导向，新员工入职培训6.decline 消减，衰亡7.bonus 奖金unch 推出，投放市场munity 社区，共同体10.necessities （生活）必需品11.stock 股票12.liquidity 流动性，变现性13.risk 风险14.potential 潜在的15.act of God 不可抗力y off 使……下岗17.listed company 上市公司18.log on 登入、连接（上网）19.absolute interest 绝对产权20.keyboard skills 打字技能21.human resources 人力资源22.account for 解释某事物的原因，占……比例23.executive 高级管理人员，执行总裁24.logo 企业或公司等专用的标记、标识25.administration 管理26.budget 预算27.feasible 可行的28.industry 产业，行业29.ingredient 成分，要素30.securities 证券mission 佣金32.dividend 股息，红利33.mature 到期，成熟34.accounts receivable 应收账款35.job description 岗位描述36.letter of intent 意向书37.living wage 基本生活工资38.bar code 条形码39.acid test 决定性的考验40.executive 高管，主管41.administrative expenses 行政管理费用42.jet lag 飞机时差反应43.customized 用户化的，按客户要求定制的44.keep-fit market 保健市场45.lecture theatre 梯形教室，梯形报告厅46.local adaptation 本土化47.balance sheet 资产负债表48.benefits package 福利套餐,整体福利49.bill of lading 提单、提货单50.access fee 使用费二、单项选择题（课内）1.Factors of production refer to _______.A.natural resources and capitalbor and entrepreneursC.both A and B2.The structure of a large manufacturing company and that of a small service firmshould be __________.A. the sameB. differentC. similar3. Organization charts show employees where they ______.A. start their workB. report to the bossC. fit into the company’s operation4. The basic management skills are ________.A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skillsB.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skillsanizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills5. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit forworkers.A. CompensationB. MarketingC. Orientation6. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.A. product lineB. product lifeC. product mix7. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and outof the nation.A.balance of tradeB.balance of paymentsC.payment of balance8. China is in the _______ regional economy.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. Asia/Pacific9. A corporation can also obtain equity financing by selling securities directlyto current stockholders. “Equity” here means ______.A. reasonable qualityB. ordinary stocks and sharesC. principles of equality10.Most short-term financing is unsecured. “unsecured” here means _______.A.no interest chargeB.no collateral is requiredC.no bank loans11.The funds needed to operate an enterprise are referred to as _______.A.capitalB.resourcesbor12. Organization charts show employees where they ______.A. start their workB. report to the bossC. fit into the company’s operation13. The basic management skills are ________.A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skillsB.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skillsanizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills14. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit forworkers.A. CompensationB. MarketingC. Orientation15. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.A. product lineB. product lifeC. product mix16. _______ may be established based on costs, demands, the competitions’prices,or some combination of these.A. ProductsB. BrandsC. Prices17. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and outof the nation.A.balance of tradeB.balance of paymentsC.payment of balance18. China is in the _______ regional economy.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. Asia/Pacific19.People can buy stocks from _____.A.securities marketsB. a secure marketC.financial markets20. High-risk investment techniques can provide greater returns, but they entailgreater risk of loss. “Entail” here means _________.A. retailB. investC. involve（答案自己在书上找）三、阅读理解题（课外）Passage 1Global Recession Hits the Developing WorldBoth the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund expect the world economy to shrink this year for the first time since World War Two. As recently as January, the I.M.F. had predicted growth of one-half percent. But this week its chief, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, said the world has entered what he called “a great recession”.A new World Bank report says the recession may hurt the developing world the most. Those countries depend on trade for economic growth. But world trade is expected to fall at the fastest rate in eighty years.East Asia has been hardest hit. In February, exports from China fell twenty-six percent from a year ago.Rich nations are expected to borrow heavily in world credit markets to finance spending at home. But investors are demanding very high returns if they are willing to lend to the developing world at all. Jeff Chelsky, a World Bank senior economist, says investors are avoiding higher risk debt in a flight to quality.The bank estimates that up to three trillion dollars of public and private loans in developing countries must be repaid this year. Some nations have enough foreign currency reserves, but others will struggle to find new financing to pay their existing debts.The World Bank estimates that developing nations will need between two hundred seventy and seven hundred billion dollars in financing. The amount depends on the depth of the recession.The I.M.F. is seeking to expand its lending ability. And World Bank President Robert Zoellick has called on rich nations to put some of their economic recovery spending into a crisis fund to help poor countries.Bank economist Jeff Chelsky says the poorest countries are in the greatest danger. They cannot borrow in credit markets and they depend on exports of commodities like crops or minerals. But falling commodity prices mean they now depend more than ever on foreign aid.Finance ministers and central bankers from major industrial and developing countries meet this weekend outside London to discuss the financial crisis. President Obama wants all countries in the Group of Twenty to coordinate their separate efforts to strengthen their economies.There was some good news this week, including better-than-expected reports on spending by Americans in January and February. And financial stocks rose after Citigroup reported a profit for those two months.And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.1. According to the passage, the world economy will _______ for the first timethis year since the World War Two.A. developB. growC. expandD. become smaller2. _______may be hurt the most by the recession.A. the developing worldB. the developed countriesC. the rich countriesD. Asian countries3. Who are easier to borrow money in the world credit market?A. Rich nationsB. Poor countriesC. the World BankD. the International Monetary Fund4. What does the underlined “flight”mean in the fourth paragraph?A. travelB. flyingC. escapeD. movement through the air5.___________ has called on rich nations to help poor countries.A. President ObamaB. President Robert ZoellickC. Jeff ChelskyD. the International Monetary FundPassage 2A Rough Road for ToyotaToyota became the world's largest automaker in two thousand eight. But after years of building loyalty, the Japanese company may have put its quality brand name at risk, at least temporarily.Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the world because of cases where vehicles have sped up unexpectedly. Last August, a driver in California was unable to stop. The crash killed him and three of his family members.Toyota says the problem is rare and caused by accelerator pedals becoming stuck open. On January twenty-sixth, the company suspended sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the United States, its largest market. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.General Motors and Ford both reported increased sales in January. But Toyota sales in the United States have fallen, and so has its stock price. Toyota says it expects costs and lost sales from its recent safety recalls to total two billion dollars by the end of March.Louis Lataif spent twenty-seven years in the car industry at Ford. Now he is dean of the School of Management at Boston University.LOUIS LATAIF: “It’s Toyota’s biggest such recall. It’s voluntary incidentally, it’s not mandated. So, in that respect, they are doing something fairly bold, namely, taking the hit of shutting production and correcting the vehicles that are in inventory on which they have stopped sales.”A recall late last year involved floor mats that Toyota said could cause the accelerator to get stuck. One of the vehicles in the floor mat recall was the Prius, the world’s top selling hybrid.Now American officials are investigating the brake system on the twenty ten Prius. The Transportation Department says it has received more than one hundred twenty reports, including reports of four crashes.Toyota says it found a software problem that could briefly affect the “feel” of the anti-lock brakes on rough or slippery roads. It says it fixed the brake problem last month.But a growing number of legal cases claim Toyota knew for a long time about the sudden acceleration issue with other vehicles. The problem reportedly has led to more than eight hundred crashes and nineteen deaths in the past ten years. Congress is preparing for hearings.Greg Bonner is a marketing professor at Villanova University. He says to regain trust, Toyota will have to make public everything it knows about the problems and show it accepts responsibility.The recall has also intensified questions about all the computer control systems used in modern cars.6. Toyota may have put its quality brand name at risk because__________.A. vehicles have sped up unexpectedlyB. last August, a driver in California was unable to stop.C. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the worldD. All of the above.7. Which of the following ways is not one Toyota solves its problem about accelerator pedals?A. Toyota stopped sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the UnitedStatesB. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the worldC. Toyota increased salesD. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.8. Whose sales decreased in January?A. General MotorsB. FordC. General Motors and FordD. Toyota9. From what Louis Lataif said about Toyota, we can infer that _________.A. Toyota didn’t solve its problem positively.B. Louis Lataif didn’t think that Toyota solved its problem properly.C. Louis Lataif thought highly of Toyota’s way of solving its problem.D. Toyota couldn’t solve its problem.10. The underlined word in the last paragraph “intensify” means ________.A. increase in degreeB. decrease in degreeC. make the questions more tenseD. become more intensePassage 3Stock Sectors - How to Classify StocksOne of the ways investors classify stocks is by type of business. The idea is to put companies in similar industries together for comparison purposes. Most analysts and financial media call these groupings “sectors” and you will often read or hear about how certain sector stocks are doing.One of the most common classification breaks the market into 11 different sectors. Investors consider two of these sectors “defensive” and the remaining nine “cyclical.” Let’s look at these two categories and see what they mean for the individual investor.DefensiveDefensive stocks include utilities and consumer staples. These companies usually don’t suffer as much in a market downturn because people don’t stop using energy or eating. They provide a balance to portfolios and offer protection in a falling market.However, for all their safety, defensive stocks usually fail to climb with a rising market for the opposite reasons they provide protection in a falling market: people don’t use significantly more energy or eat more food.Defensive stocks do exactly what their name implies, assuming they are well run companies. They give you a cushion for a soft landing in a falling market.Cyclical stocksCyclical stocks, on the other hand, cover everything else and tend to react to a variety of market conditions that can send them up or down, however when one sector is going up another may be going down.Here is a list of the nine sectors considered cyclical:∙Basic Materials∙Capital Goods∙Communications∙Consumer Cyclical∙Energy∙Financial∙Health Care∙Technology∙TransportationMost of these sectors are self-explanatory. They all involve businesses you can readily identify. Investors call them cyclical because they tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.Basic materials, for example, include those items used in making other goods – lumber, for instance. When the housing market is active, the stock of lumber companies will tend to rise. However, high interest rates might put a damper on home building and reduce the demand for lumber.How to UseStocks sectors are helpful sorting and comparison tools. Don’t get hung up on using just one organization’s set of sectors, though. uses slightly different sectors in its tools, which let you compare stocks within a sector.This is extremely helpful, since one of the ways to use sector information is to compare how your stock or a stock you may want to buy, is doing relative to other companies in the same sector.If all the other stocks are up 11% and your stock is down 8%, you need to find out why. Likewise, if the numbers are reversed, you need to know why your stock is doing so much better than others in the same sector –maybe its business model has changed and it shouldn’t be in that sector any longer.ConclusionYou never want to be making investment decisions in a vacuum. Using sector information, you can see how a stock is doing relative to its peers and that will help you understand whether you have a potential winner or loser.11. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a falling market.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. technology stocksD. transportation stocks12. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a rising market.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. stocks of utilitiesD. stocks of consumer staples13. ______________sectors belong to cyclical stocks.A. 11B.2C.9D.314. Utilities and consumer staples belong to _______________.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. technology stocksD. transportation stocks15. ___________tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. stocks of utilitiesD. stocks of consumer staplesPassage 1America's biggest carmaker accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bush administrations. People joked that GM meant "Government Motors." Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery.The company recorded over two and a half billion dollars in profit in the first half of the year. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout. Canada is also a shareholder. But now GM plans to sell stock to the public again.GM spent just forty days in bankruptcy. It sought protection from its creditors in June of last year. GM restructured. It discontinued some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.In April, GM repaid almost seven billion dollars in government loans. Many of its creditors are waiting to see how much they get.GM plans an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this year. The company could raise as much as fifteen billion dollars.Chief executive Edward Whitacre is leaving September first. He wants the government to sell all of its shares in the company during the IPO. Many experts believe the Treasury will act slowly over time after the public offering is completed.If the stock price rises, the government could profit from the rescue. But the IPO is risky for the company. The offering will test the willingness of investors to take an equity share in the “new GM”.Buying equity is not like buying bonds. Bonds represent a loan. Equity represents ownership. Investors willing to buy equity shares in a company expect one thing -- growth.GM believes it can make that happen, in part with a new electric-and-gas hybrid.COMMERCIA L: “Chevy Volt, a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all. That's an American revolution.”The Volt is expected to start arriving in showrooms later this year.GM is also looking overseas. The world's fastest growing car markets are in developing nations. GM is now selling more cars in China than in the United States. GM still leads the American market, though Toyota is now the biggest car company in the world.There are signs that America's big three may have put the worst of their recent troubles behind them.Chrysler also went through bankruptcy and says its sales are up. Italy's Fiat holds a twenty percent share.Ford Motor Company avoided bankruptcy and refused government help. Ford reported close to five billion dollars in profit for the first six months of the year.1. America’s biggest carmaker is _________________.A. ToyotaB. ChryslerC. GMD. Ford Motor Company2. GM stands for __________.A. Government MotorsB. General MotorsC. Both A and BD. Neither A Nor B3. People joked that GM meant “Government Motors” because _____________.A. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout.B. They accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bushadministrations.C. Both A and BD. Neither A Nor B4. Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery. It plans ___________.A. to restructure.B. an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this yearC. to seek protection from its creditors.D. to discontinue some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.5. According to the passage, what is not true about Chevy Volt?A. GM believes it will bring profit growth.B. It is a new electric-and-gas hybrid.C. It is a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all.D. It has been produced.Passage 2The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recen t paper, Wharton’s Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-authorVijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices (), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions ().The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realities and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our comp uters that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that has landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services.”For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything —from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers. Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind.Questions:6. The passage was most likely to be quoted from______.A.an overview of a paperB.an introduction to a bookC. a book on digital revolutionD. a paper discussing digital revolution7. The paper mentioned in this paper was written by______.A.Jerry WindB.Vijay MahajanC.Jerry Wind and Vijay MahajanD.an anonymous8. From the third paragraph, we can infer that______.A.the customers are also reprogrammed by computersB.e-business companies need be more knowledgeable about cyber consumersC.cyber consumers are a group of strange peopleD.cyber consumers came from outer space9. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers______.A.are more difficult to satisfyB.have less knowledge about businessC.have more problems with pricesD.are less willing to buy products and services10. What is mainly discussed in the passage? ______A.digital revolutionB.digital marketingC.cyber consumersD.the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricingPassage 3Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from ‘invisible earnings’ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties toobtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome –without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.Questions:11. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.A. Greek income and expendituresB. The improving economic situation in GreeceC. The value of tourismD. Military expenditures12. Many peasants earn less than _________.A. $60 a weekB. $2 a weekC. $1 a dayD. $10 a month13. The Greek Government spends __________.A. more than 25%of its budget on military termsB. More than its collectsC. A third of a billion dollars in goldD. Less than 25% of its budget on military terms14. According to the passage, Greece has _________.A. a dictatorshipB. a monarchyC. a single majority partyD. too much red tape15. Greece imports annually goods and materials __________.A. totaling almost $700 millionB. that balance exportsC. that are paid by touristsD. costing $66 million四、篇章翻译题（课外）Passage A纳斯达克开设北京代表处随着各方吸引迅速增长的中国公司赴海外上市的争夺战愈演愈烈，纳斯达克(Nasdaq)昨日成为最新一个在北京开设代表处的全球证交所。
商务交际英语(2)期末复习资料.doc
商务交际英语（2）期末复习资料Part I. MULTIPLE CHOICE （10 小题，每小题2 分，共20 分）Directions: Choose the letter indicating the best choice to complete each sentence or answer each question1.Which of the following would make the best opening for a persuasive letter?a.As a world traveler, would you please speak to our group on your life-changing experiences intouring India?b.Because of your varied experiences as an elementary school administrator, we would like youto address the district's annual meeting of school principals.c.Wc arc looking for a speaker for our meeting next month. I know you arc busy, but would youconsider being our speaker?d・ People who think they learned everything they need to know in kindergarten haven't heard you speak・2.In writing instructions, which of the following should you remember?a.What the intended readers already know.b.What they need to know・c.The terms they understand.d.All of the above are essential.3.A drawing is used to ____________ .a.show geographic relationships.b・ emphasize details of an idea or procedure・c.show lines of authority.pare one or more quantities with another.4.Which is not one of the three miscellaneous graphic and visual aids?a.mapsb. photographsc. objectsd. drawings5.What is the most complex form of communication?a.one-on-one communication b・ communication in printc・ communication by e-mail d. telephone communication6.Which of the following is a part of your image?a.Level of sclf-confidcncc b・ friendlinessc. appearanced. all of the above are parts of your image7.A barrier to effective listening could be ____________ ・a.A bad mental attitude about the subject of the speaker.b.A bad mental attitude about the speake匚c.A loud noise・d.All of the above.& To lead a meeting effectively, ____________ ・e an agenda・b.do not waste time by restating the objective of the meeting.c.let the experts and extroverts dominate the discussion.d・ all of the above are effective ways to lead meetings*9.In planning a manual, which of the following is most important to consider?a.Your own experience with the topic of the manual.b.What the intended readers need to know・c.What you would like to teach the readers・d.The placement of graphics and illustrations.anization charts are used to ________ ・a.show relationshipsb.illustrate trendsc.explain steps of a complicated procedured.indicate proportions11.Which of the following are internal customers for a worker in a flower shop?a.The people who work at the dry cleaning establishment next doo匚b.The truck drivers for the wholesale florist, from which the shop gets its flowers.c.The woman who wants to put a poster in the window about a charity craft sale.d.The man who orders flowers for his mother on Mother's Day.12.Which of the following describes an appropriate way to receiver customers?a.A secretary behind a big glass window occasionally smiles out upon the waiting customers.b.Employees bustle through a front office; they assume waiting customers have been greeted bythe receptionist, even though she is not at her desk at the moment.c.A woman behind a desk nods at people who come up to her desk while she talks on the phone,then motions for them to be seated in a chair on the other side of the room.d.A receptionist just inside the door greets everyone who enters, even though she is busy withwork at her desk.13.The intimate zone of personal space is _______ ・a.0 to 18 inches for North Americans but larger for Latin Americansb.0 to 18 inches for North Americans but smaller for Latin Americansc.18 inches to 2 feet for North Americansd.12 inches to 18 inches for those from the Middle East14.Which of the following is not part of the listening process?a. Hearing・b. Symbolizing・c. Focusing・d. Remembering・15.Which of the following would be considered a short oral presentation?a.A presentation to the Board of Directors.b.A report on the progress of a very large, major project.c.An introduction of a presenter at a social club・d.None of the above would be a short presentation.16.Which of the following will not provide a helpful influence on a meeting?a. Be flexible・b. Discuss ideas.c・ Use body language to your advantage.d.All of the above will help provide a helpful influence・Part II. TRUE/FALSE （10 小题，每小题2 分，共20 分）________ 1 ・ People tend to read parts of a manual instead of the whole thing.________ 2. In a persuasive letter, the direct approach gets the best results.________ 3. Your visual aids should always be titled.________ 4. Providing quality customer service is vital to a company's success・________ 5. An outgoing voice-mail message should be as detailed as possible・________ 6. Color is a nonverbal environmental symbol that establishes mood.________ 7. Hearing and listening are identical in their meaning・________ 8. A supervisor might be more likely to read a process description instead of a set of instructions.________ 9. The benefits of granting your request will be obvious to most readers・________ 10. The reference to your graphic aid within the written text should come before the actual graphic aid appears・________ 11. A pie chart is the appropriate graphic aid to use when comparing one or more quantities with another.________ 12. Being informed of the reason for a delay may help customers wait more patiently・________ 13. A nod of the head up and down while saying "yes" is an example of a nonverbal symbol that substitutes.________ 14. In a meeting, you send a message about who you are, your abilities, and your competence.Part III QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS （5 小题，每小题2 分，共10 分）1.What kind of description writing requires a step-by-step description?ANS:2.What is customer service?ANS:3.n It's not what you say, but how you say it that counts" is a statement that reflects the importance of what area of nonverbal communication?ANS:4.What are the important symbols in an oral presentation?ANS:5.What type of resume can be placed on the Internet?ANS:6.In planning a set of instructions, whose knowledge determines the technical level, the writer's or the reader's?ANS:7.How many sets of data should you present in one bar graph at most?ANS:8.What nonverbal symbols compose your image?ANS:9.How can a presenter know if his or her presentation is successful?ANS:10.What are the two methods for organizing resumes?ANS:Part IV READING COMPREHENSION （10 小题，每小题2 分，共20 分）Part V TRANSLATION （3段短文，每段5分，共15分）1. A sales letter tries to persuade a potential customer to purchase a product or service・ Likeother persuasive messages, it involves gaining the reader's attention, establishing a need, showing how a product or service will meet that need, presenting supporting information, and providing for an easy way for the reader to respond・ A sales letter might appeal to readers1 senses by describing how something looks, sounds, feels, smells, or tastes・ This appeal can range from the warm, cinnamon smell of apple pie to the silky feel of a new blouse.2.Face the audience when using your visual aids. Audience members prefer to see the front of you. When you speak, they can hear you better if you are facing them rather than the screen behind you. When using a pointer, hold the pointer in the hand closest to the visual aid to avoid turning your back to the audience. Read from your transparency while facing the overhead projector (and thus your audience) rather than turning around to read from the screen. Likewise, read from your computer monitor rather than turning toward the projected image as you speak.3.Within two days after the interview, you will want to write a brief follow-up letter to the interviewer, thanking him or her for the interview. If you are sure you want the job, indicate your interest・ Follow-up letters are courteous and thoughtful, and they bring your name before the interviewer agai n.4.Instructions tell readers how to do something. Manuals are sets of instructions combined with explanations, descriptions, definitions, and other related information. Both instructions and manuals should provide all the guidance reader need in order to carry out the tasks・ Your challenge is to write instructions and manuals that arc so inviting and easy to use that people decide to read and follow them.5.Spoken or written symbols make up the verbal part of a message and are accompanied by nonverbal symbols・ However, a nonverbal message may not have a verbal counterpart・Nonverbal symbols——body language, appearance, touch, space, time, voice——exist in written and oral communication as well as in the environment.6.Preparing formal oral presentations is challenging. A long speech may last from 20 minutes to more than an hour. As part of your preparation, determine the objective of your speech, analyze the audience, determine the time available for the speech, gather information, and determine the appropriate mode of delivery.7.Too much confidence can hurt you. If others see you as cocky, inflexible, or as a “know it alF\ they will see you as self-centered and unrealistic about your own abilities. They will probably respond to you negatively and with serious questions about your "ability to work with others" or your "ability to get the job done.55Part VI WRITING (共15 分)参考答案:Part I. MULTIPLE CHOICE （10 小题，每小题2 分，共20 分）Ld 11.b 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. d 7. d &a 9. b10.Part II. TRUE/FALSE （10 小题，每小题2 分，共20 分）l.T 6.T ILF2.F3.T4.T5.F 7.F &T 9.F 10. T12.T 13.F 14. TPart III QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS （5 小题，每小题2 分，共10 分）1 • What kind of description writing requires a step-by-step description?ANS: a process description2.What is customer service?ANS: the performance of activities to ensure customer satisfaction3.M Ifs not what you say, but how you say it that counts'* is a statement that reflects theimportance of what area of nonverbal communication?ANS: voice or paralanguage4.What are the important symbols in an oral presentation?ANS: （a） vocal qualities, （b） nonverbal symbols, and （c） visual aids5.What type of resume can be placed on the Internet?ANS: on-line resume6.In planning a set of instructions, whose knowledge determines the technical level, thewriter's or the reader^?ANS: the reader's7.How many sets of data should you present in one bar graph at most?ANS: four8.What nonverbal symbols compose your image?ANS: level of confidence; friendliness; sincerity; appearance; and body actions or eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, and posture.9.How can a presenter know if his or her presentation is successful?ANS: read the feedback10.What are the two methods for organizing resumes?ANS: reverse chronological order and functional orderPart V TRANSLATION （3段短文，每段5分，共15分）1.销售信函试图说服潜在的顾客购买产品或服务。
2024年商务英语培训资料
Clear purpose
At the beginning of the letter, clarify the purpose of the letter so that the recipient can quickly understand the main idea of the letter.
• Marketing: including market research, advertising, sales strategies, etc., requires the use of business English for market promotion and brand promotion.
Punctuality and punctuality
Respect level
Strictly adhere to the meeting and agreed time to demonstrate your integrity and reliability.
Understand and respect the hierarchical systems of different countries and regions to avoid unnecessary misunderstandings or conflicts.
02 Business English communication skills
Principles of Effective Business Communication
商务英语期末复习资料
商务英语复习资料题型：①阅读理解5-6篇40% ②翻译（中→英）5个*5’=25%③画图题15% ④作文：要顶格写20%一．翻译1．我们希望公司能使我们更高效的经营业务，同时也为客户带来便利。
我们也希望你们能继续向我们订购，订单直接交本公司或分公司均可。
We hope that by it we can handle our business more efficiently for the convenience of our customers. We also hope that you will continue to place orders with us direct or through our new branch.2．随函寄上本公司商品目录一册，供参考，但愿你们从中能找到所需要的东西。
Enclosed for your reference is a copy of our catalogue ,in which you may find something you need.3．如果在你方市场完成了年销售，这份独家代理协议原本可以于到期日延长一年。
Should the annual turnover have been realized in your market, the sole agent agreement would have been extended for another year upon its expiration.4．前几天，你地的一家通讯公司前来与我们洽谈业务，他们意外地告诉我们你们是有名的摩托车制造商。
We were approached by a telecom provider in your district the other day and from them we happened to know that you are a well-known motorbike manufacturer.5．由于我方已在支付方式方面做出了让步，因此，难以再顺从你方的要求，把价格降至你方所说水平。
国家开放大学21秋季《商务英语1》期末考试复习资料最新版(试卷号：3897)
国开(原中央电大)《商务英语1》期末复习资料试卷号：3897第一套一、交际用语：阅读下面的小对话，选择恰当的答语。
1 、—Well,after my report,there'll be a break for refreshments.a.All right,I seeb.The break won’t be longc.All right,I’ll see it2 、— How long does the remittance take from New York?a.I'm not sure about that.b.I don’t know for sure. Itc.I'm not sure. It depends3 、—0h. But why didn't heA Itisonjustis aquitetheownbigbusymodeupa.He was too scared that he would beb.So be careful with our job.c.You should have told him that earlier.4 、— Do you have any suggestions aboutCa.No, Ib.Let mec.After I5 、—have nogive youread itHello,I'mideaa handin detail,ISusan. NicewilltotellmeetBa.Very nice.b.Nice to meet you,too.c.Are you?二、词汇语法：阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C 处的最佳选项。
city.now in our bank.your partner chose.and tell someone?fired,I suppose.it?you my opinionyou.三个选项中选出一个能填入空白6 、At university I neve B my assignments in late.a.has handedb.handedc.hand7 、I'd like to know what time we can get the container B it is in the port.a.whereb.whenc. why8 、Every business has its ups and downs,a.dob.isc.does9 、The marketing department A thea.has summarizedb.was summarizedc. summarized10 、This story is about some Americanandsalesstudentsso C every person.for the last six months.C l earntskills by operating their own banks.a.whichb.whomc.who11 、I hope our plan will A by the board.a.be approvedb.be approvingc. approve12 、The third part is the B results.a.expectingb.expectedC.expect13 、For larger sums we take legal steps t o A the money.a.recoverb.coverc.discover14 、We' re sorry to tell you that your remittance A yet.a.hasn’t arrivedb.won’t arrivec.doesn’t arrive15 、Prices may change quickly if supply or demand Ca. changeb.will changec.changes16 、I bet that Mike wished you B him that earlier.a.toldb.had toldc.have told17 、18 of the EU members have replaced their national currencies by Euro notes and coins A 2002a.sinceb. atc.for18 、It is better to tell someone to get it A Ba.fixingbusinessb.fixedc.fix19 、But the charge will be C and it also slows down delivery.a.cheaperb.more valuablec. higher20 、I’11 C the remittance for you in our records.a.check outb.check inc.check up三、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个正确答案。
国际商务英语复习资料
国际商务英语复习资料国际商务英语复习资料在当今全球化的时代，国际商务英语的重要性日益凸显。
无论是从事国际贸易、跨国公司工作，还是希望扩大自己的职业发展空间，掌握国际商务英语都是必不可少的。
为了帮助大家更好地复习和掌握国际商务英语知识，本文将提供一些复习资料和方法。
一、商务词汇商务词汇是国际商务英语的基础，掌握一定的商务词汇是进行商务交流的前提。
在复习过程中，可以通过背单词、阅读商务文章等方式来积累商务词汇。
此外，还可以使用商务英语词汇书籍、在线词汇工具等辅助工具来巩固记忆。
二、商务写作商务写作是国际商务英语的重要组成部分。
在商务写作中，要注意使用正式、准确的语言表达自己的观点和意见。
在复习过程中，可以通过模仿商务邮件、商务报告等文档来提升自己的商务写作能力。
同时，也可以阅读商务英语写作指南，学习商务写作的常用句型和表达方式。
三、商务口语商务口语是进行商务交流的重要方式。
在商务口语中，要注意语速、语调、表达清晰等方面。
在复习过程中，可以通过与他人进行商务对话、模拟商务谈判等方式来提升自己的商务口语能力。
同时，也可以参考商务英语口语教材，学习商务口语的常用表达和场景对话。
四、跨文化交际国际商务英语不仅仅是语言的学习，还包括了跨文化交际的能力。
在国际商务交流中，不同的文化背景和价值观会对商务活动产生影响。
在复习过程中，可以通过学习不同国家的商务礼仪、文化差异等来提升自己的跨文化交际能力。
同时，也可以参加国际商务交流活动，与外国商务人士进行交流，亲身感受跨文化交际的挑战和机遇。
五、实践应用复习国际商务英语不仅仅是理论的学习，更重要的是能够将所学知识应用到实践中。
在复习过程中，可以通过参加商务英语角、进行商务模拟演练等方式来锻炼自己的实践应用能力。
同时，也可以参与国际商务项目、实习等机会，将所学知识运用到实际工作中，提升自己的实际操作能力。
总结起来，国际商务英语的复习资料包括商务词汇、商务写作、商务口语、跨文化交际等方面。
BEC剑桥商务英语期末复习资料
Unit11.electric 激动的，刺激的2.throw/cast new light on…提供线索、情况，帮助弄清楚4.赠票Complimentary ticket5.交易会将延期一周左右开幕。
The trade fair will be put back a week or so.请尽快回复我的电话。
Please get back to me asap.6.sole: being the only one; only 唯一的eg: Practice is the sole criterion of truth.Unit21.sole: being the only one; only 唯一的eg: Practice is the sole criterion of truth.2.alike: in the same or a similar manner adj/adv相似的/一样地eg: They are much alike in character.3.evolve/evolution: develop gradually逐步发展evolve into:发展成；evolve from:由...进化/发展eg: It evolved into a big company.Popular music evolved from folk songs.4.interior design: indoor design and decoration室内装修5.dine: give dinner to; host for dinner 进餐，宴请6.semi-private 半私人的/半私有的7.mezzanine：intermediate floor just above the ground floor中间层/夹楼8.catering requipment: requirement of providing food and services用餐要求cater for: to provide food, services, etc 供9.spare:save or relieve from an experience or action节省，省去10.chit-chat: informal chat/conversationUnit31．Inflow: all the money coming into the company2．Outflow: all the money going out of the company3．over-tradingto figure out a quicker way ofturning those sales into cashmarginsTurnoverTo finance贸易透支找到销售变现(把销售额变成现金)的快捷方法利差,毛利营业额融资，筹措.return 赢利，利益，汇报，报告business returns营业收入annual returns年度报告small profits and quick returns薄力多销publicity宣传，宣扬；公开；广告；关注；名声bonus points (消费）积分loyalty scheme忠实（顾客）奖励计划brand loyalty顾客对品牌的忠诚air miles=air mails awards里程奖remainder 剩余物a shortage of cash 现金短缺average monthly turnover 平均月营业额financing cost 融资成本cash on delivery 货到付款pay in 3 installments 分期付款（三次）margin 利润order books 订货本penalty 处罚/罚金CF from operating activities经营活动产生的现金流量CF from investing activities投资活动产生的现金流量CF from financing activities筹资活动产生的现金流量Capital expenditure 资本开支Depreciation 折旧(sales) turnover营业额early settlement discount 提前付款折扣labor cost 劳动力成本Credit sales赊帐销售Collection policy/collection period 收款期Tighten credit policy 收紧赊帐Loosen credit policy 放宽赊帐Cash receipt 现金收讫Cash disbursement 现金支出Day-to-day operation 日常营运credit terms 信用期限outstanding 剩余的outstanding balance 剩余金额Sporty 轻便的,运动型的Extra 额外费用Advert 广告，宣传Monthly service contract包月Different tarrifs at different times of the day不同时段的收费One-year all inclusive package包年套餐Kitchen appliances 厨房家电Ozone layer 臭氧层CFC chlorofluorocarbon 含氯氟Make 品牌;型;样式 a well-known makeenvironmental-friendliness user-friendlinessown-label clothingcut-priceretail food market mortgagesavings accountestate agent 对环境无害用户使用方便贴自己品牌的服装削价的食品零售市场(住房)按揭，抵押储蓄帐户房产商bonus pointsloyalty schemebrand loyaltyair miles=air mails awards vouchertarget customer customer-focused （消费）积分忠实（顾客）奖励计划顾客对品牌的忠诚里程奖优惠奖券销售对象，目标客户以顾客为中心的No-claims discount = no-claims bonus无索赔折扣/奖金:An amount subtracted from the money paid to an insurance company, because no claims have been made for a particular period.Within days:don’t need to wait for a very long time 几天内Fixed rate固定利率Reward points 奖励积分Cover 给...上保险。
202X年商务英语期末考试重要知识点
千里之行，始于足下。
202X年商务英语期末考试重要知识点202X年商务英语期末考试重要知识点一、商务英语基础知识商务英语是指在商务活动中使用的英语，主要包括商务交流和商务写作两个方面。
商务英语的基础知识包括商务词汇、商务语法、商务写作等。
商务词汇：包括商务名词、商务动词、商务形容词等，如trade（贸易）、export（出口）、import（进口）、negotiation（谈判）、contract（合同）等。
商务语法：包括时态、语态、语气、句型等，如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等，被动语态、完成时等。
商务写作：商务写作包括商务信函、商务报告、商务备忘录、商务演讲等，要注意写作的结构、用词、语法等。
二、商务会议和谈判商务会议和谈判是商务英语中常见的场景，关键知识点包括会议和谈判的流程、用语、技巧等。
商务会议：会议的类型、召开会议的流程、会议的议程、会议的开场白、主持会议的技巧、会议的总结和回顾等。
商务谈判：谈判的准备工作、谈判的策略、谈判的技巧、谈判的用语等。
第1页/共3页锲而不舍，金石可镂。
三、商务信函和邮件商务信函和邮件是商务英语中常见的写作形式，关键知识点包括信函和邮件的格式、用语、语法等。
商务信函：信函的格式、信函的头部、信函的称呼、信函的正文、信函的结尾、信函的附件等。
商务邮件：邮件的格式、邮件的主题、邮件的正文、邮件的附件、邮件的回复等。
四、商务报告和演讲商务报告和演讲是商务英语中常见的写作形式，关键知识点包括报告和演讲的结构、用词、语法等。
商务报告：报告的结构、报告的目的、报告的内容、报告的语言风格等。
商务演讲：演讲的结构、演讲的目的、演讲的内容、演讲的技巧等。
五、商务英语口语商务英语口语是在商务交流中使用的口语表达，关键知识点包括常见的商务口语表达、场景对话、礼貌用语等。
常见商务口语表达：提供服务、预订机票、接待客人、介绍产品、商量约会等。
场景对话：商务接待、商务洽谈、电话交流、商务会议等。
商务英语学习资料
商务英语学习资料
以下是一些商务英语学习资料：
1. 《商务英语教程-国际商务实践》：该教材详细介绍了国际商务的概念、流程和关键技巧，适合初学者入门。
2. 《商务英语口语速成》：该书以实际商务场景为背景，提供了大量的对话和练习，帮助读者快速掌握商务英语口语表达。
3. 《商务英语写作》：该书以写作为重点，涵盖了商务报告、商务邮件、商务函件等常见的商务写作形式，对商务英语写作有较全面的介绍。
4. 网上商务英语学习资源：可以通过在线课程、学习平台或者订阅商务英语学习资料，例如Coursera、Udemy和LinkedIn Learning等。
5. 商务英语学习网站和应用程序：许多免费的商务英语学习资源可在网上找到，例如BBC Learning English、EF Englishtown和Duolingo等。
另外，你还可以参加商务英语培训课程或向有经验的商务英语老师咨询，他们可以根据你的具体需求和水平提供个性化的学习建议和资料。
(推荐)高教版商务英语综合教程(1)期末考试复习资料
商务英语综合教程(1)期末考试复习资料Unit 1 College Life）Ⅰ. Paraphrase（2′×5=10′1. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory:it is like an energizing as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.A fact is no longer a mere fact: it is endowed with all kinds of possibilities. We don′t take it aburden to memorize it anymore. It is like an energetic poet who describes vividly our wonderful dreams, and an architect who can help us fulfill our goals.2. Imagination is not to be discovered from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts.Imagination should not be separated from the facts: it is a way of interpreting the facts.3. Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline, this energy of imagination canin great measure be preserved through life.Young people are imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline, then this kind of imagination will, to a great extent, be kept, and benefit them a lot in the future.4. Those reflection upon the general functions of a university can be at once translated in terms of theparticular functions of a business school.The opinion about the general functions of a university can be at once explained through the particular functions of a business school.5. It requires an imaginative understanding of laws of political economy, not merely in the abstract, but alsowith the power to construe them in terms of the particular circumstances of a concrete business.It requires an imaginative understanding of laws of political economy, not only in the abstract, but also with the ability to understand them in concrete business situation.6. It requires that discipline of character which can say “yes”and “no”to other men, not only by reasonof blind obstinacy, but with firmness derived from a conscious evaluation of relevant alternatives.It requires that students should cultivate such a discipline of character that their agreement or disagreement with others is based on their consideration and evaluation of relevant alternatives instead of out of their stubbornness.7. There can be no criticism of the custom, but there may be an unfortunate effect—prolonged routine workdulls the imagination.This practice is not wrong and should not be criticized, but long-period routine work will reduce the imagination of young people.8. Hence, instead of a drudgery issuing in a blind rule of thumb, the properly trained man has some hope ofobtaining an imagination disciplined by detailed facts and necessary habits.The properly trained man will not do the routine tedious work only by experience. Instead, he hopes to obtain an imagination trained by detailed facts and necessary habits.Ⅱ. Translation（2′×5=10′）1. 有些人总是从钱的角度考虑问题。
工商管理商务英语复习资料
工商管理商务英语复习资料工商管理商务英语复习资料工商管理商务英语是一门重要的专业课程，它涵盖了许多与商业和管理相关的主题。
在这个全球化的时代，掌握商务英语对于从事商业领域的人士来说至关重要。
本文将为大家提供一些工商管理商务英语的复习资料，帮助大家更好地准备考试。
一、商务英语基础知识1. 商务词汇：掌握常用的商务词汇是学习商务英语的基础。
例如，了解关于贸易、市场营销、金融等方面的词汇，如import (进口)、export (出口)、market research (市场调研)、investment (投资)等。
2. 商务信函写作：商务信函是商业沟通的重要方式之一。
学习如何写商务信函是必不可少的。
了解商务信函的格式、用词和写作技巧，例如如何开头、如何表达请求和提供信息等。
3. 商务演讲与谈判：在商业领域，演讲和谈判是常见的沟通方式。
学习如何进行有效的商务演讲和谈判是必备技能。
了解如何准备演讲内容、如何使用肢体语言和声音语调，以及如何提出和回应谈判要求等。
二、国际贸易与市场营销1. 国际贸易概论：了解国际贸易的基本概念和原则，包括贸易壁垒、关税、贸易协定等。
学习国际贸易的发展趋势和重要的国际贸易组织，如世界贸易组织（WTO）。
2. 国际市场营销：了解国际市场营销的策略和技巧。
学习如何进行市场调研、制定市场营销计划和推广策略。
了解不同国家和文化背景下的市场特点和消费3. 国际商务谈判：学习如何进行跨文化的商务谈判。
了解不同文化之间的商业习惯和价值观，以及如何在谈判中处理文化差异。
学习谈判技巧，如提问、倾听和提出建议等。
三、金融与会计1. 国际金融：了解国际金融市场和金融工具，如外汇市场、股票市场和债券市场。
学习国际金融的基本理论和实践，如国际资本流动、汇率风险管理等。
2. 国际会计：学习国际会计准则和国际财务报告标准。
了解国际会计准则的基本原则和规定，以及如何编制和解读国际财务报表。
3. 财务管理：学习企业财务管理的基本原理和技巧。
商务英语复习PPT培训资料
17
✓attentiveness n.
✓殷勤、周到，关注
✓Eye contact may convey sincerity and attentiveness in Western cultures but too much eye contact may embarrass people in some Oriental cultures.
责.
8
✓bring in ✓最早学到的含义是引进，吸收。还
有一层意思是“接纳，使某人任职、 就职” ✓bring in advanced technology and equipment ✓引进先进工艺和设备 ✓He was brought in last year as the direct manager. ✓他去年正式出任总经理。
Business English Review
1
✓expatriate n. ✓旅居海外的，移居国外的 ✓The writer, an expatriate living
in Singapore, has studied and worked in the US. ✓作者曾在美国读书和工作，目前旅 居新加坡。
profile for the new tennis champion. ✓我上司让我给这位新网球冠军写篇 小传。
4
✓acquire v. ✓原意为“获得”、“占有”，商务
英语中，表示“并购”、“收购” ✓One way of using cash was to
acquire other companies. ✓使用现金的一个办法是收购其他公
light on the mystery. ✓这项情报可能有助于查明那件疑
商务英语写作期末复习资料
《商务英语写作》期末复习资料一．商务写作基础知识简答题1.商业书信一般由信头（opening）、正文（body）和信尾（closing）三部分组成，那么信头部分一般包含哪些内容？2.收信人地址一般包括什么内容？请编写一个收信人地址来举例说明3.商业信函如果超过一页，第二页开始的随后各页应注明什么？4.宽式标点和严式标点的区别，请举例说明。
5.根据所给例子分析电子邮件地址的构成。
例子：； ;6.什么是enclosure(附件)？一般可以采用什么方法表示信函中还有附件？7.商业书信一般由信头（opening）、正文（body）和信尾（closing）三部分组成，那么信头部分一般包含哪些内容？8.写信日期：12/06/2011是指哪一天？美国和英国日期的写法有什么区别？是什么意思？ bcc是什么意思？两者的区别。
10.长篇业务报告的结构包括引言、报告正文、补充说明。
请具体说明各部分的具体内容。
二、商务信函类型判断：根据所给的句子，判断其所属的商务信函的类型：查询信、复查询信、销售信、订购信、催款信、付款信、投诉信、复投诉信、求职信、社交信。
1.Could you please send me a catalogue of your office equipment range?2.Would you like to know which toothpaste most dentists use?3.Further to my letter of 2 July in which I requested that you pay the outstandingsum of S$3750 to our account, I was disappointed to discover yesterday that we have still not received a cheque from you fro the overdue amount.4.Enclosed please find our cheque to the sum of HK$55,200 in full settlement ofthis invoice.5.Thank you for your fax dated 25 March requesting the above mentioned report onthe retail industry in the USA. I take great pleasure in enclosing details of this report.6.We agree to your quoted prices, as stated above, and anticipate receiving thegoods on or before 10 October.7.I should like you to replace these faulty disks with fully-functioning Grade‘A’ disks within the next week.8.We take all our customers’ comments seriously. With this in mind, we are morethan happy to make special arrangements to have your order ( no. 735228) delivered in the next three days.9.I should like to apply for the position of Senior Secretary at your company thatwas advertised in the Classified Section of the Business Post on 7 December.10.I was really delighted to hear that you have been elected to the Board of Directorsat Aston Engineering. Let me among the first to congratulate you.11.I should appreciate further details about the camera you advised in PracticalPhotographer.12.In independent tests, the CX2 showed that it was up to twice as reliable as otherleading brands.13.If you are experiencing difficulties with our payment scheme, please come toour gallery and discuss the matter.14.I am enclosing a cheque for S$3750 to clear the outstanding balance of my accountwith Jamboree Art Gallery.15.Thank you for your letter of 30 November requesting a quotation fro the proposedrefurbish of your refectory and office furniture.16.Please arrange to send us the following books for an exhibition which we arearranging of the work of contemporary Hong Kong photographers.17.I am afraid I really must complain about the quality of these machines. You appearto have supplied us with a product which falls far below the standard our customers expect.18.I refer to your letter of 27 March 2011 regarding the standard of the VCRs wesupplied to you recently. Thank you for bringing this matter to our attention.19.I enclose my resume and look forward to having the opportunity to answer anyquestions you may have regarding my application.20.I take great pleasure in inviting you to an exclusive exhibition of the worksof the Mexican sculptor, Joachim Paz.三、信函翻译书上的信函翻译，重点复习P10 Subject: Integrated Circuit BoardsP71 Forthcoming cultural and educational events四、写作Section A:Requirements: Write a reply to the following letter. You should include all the necessary parts of a business letter and provide necessary information according to the original letter.原信见P76回复信件P92Section B:Write a letter for the following situation.You have just received a letter pressing for overdue payment. Write a letter of payment to include the following particulars.(1)Explain that payment was delayed because your accounting department made anoversight in making remittance.(2)Inform the seller that the sum has been sent to him by Telegraphic Transfertoday.Section B:Write a letter to order something from a foreign company. Please include the following information:(1)previous contact(2)details about the items you ordered, such item number, quantity, color, size,unit price, total price, etc.(3)time for delivery, payment terms and discount。
bec商务英语复习资料
bec商务英语复习资料BEC商务英语复习资料商务英语考试（BEC）是一项旨在评估个人在商务环境中的英语语言能力的考试。
对于那些希望在国际商务领域取得成功的人来说，通过BEC考试是一项重要的成就。
本文将为您提供一些BEC商务英语复习资料，帮助您更好地准备考试。
第一部分：商务英语听力商务英语听力是BEC考试的重要组成部分。
在这一部分中，考生需要听取商务场景的对话和讲话，并回答相关问题。
为了提高听力能力，考生可以通过以下方式进行复习：1. 听商务英语广播和播客：商务英语广播和播客提供了大量真实的商务场景对话和讲话。
通过反复听取这些材料，考生可以熟悉商务英语的用词和表达方式。
2. 参加商务英语听力训练班：有许多培训机构提供商务英语听力训练班，通过参加这些班级，考生可以接受专业的指导和训练，提高自己的听力技巧。
第二部分：商务英语阅读商务英语阅读是BEC考试的另一个重要组成部分。
在这一部分中，考生需要阅读商务文档，如报告、公告和邮件，并回答相关问题。
以下是一些提高商务英语阅读能力的方法：1. 阅读商务新闻和杂志：商务新闻和杂志提供了大量的商务英语材料。
考生可以通过阅读这些材料，了解商务领域的最新动态，并提高自己的阅读理解能力。
2. 解答商务英语阅读理解题：商务英语阅读理解题可以帮助考生熟悉考试题型，并提高自己的解题能力。
考生可以通过解答真实的商务英语阅读理解题，熟悉常见的问题类型和解题技巧。
第三部分：商务英语写作商务英语写作是BEC考试的另一个重要组成部分。
在这一部分中，考生需要根据给定的商务场景，撰写报告、备忘录或邮件等商务文档。
以下是一些提高商务英语写作能力的方法：1. 阅读商务英语写作指南：商务英语写作指南提供了撰写商务文档的基本规范和技巧。
考生可以通过阅读这些指南，了解商务英语写作的要求，并提高自己的写作能力。
2. 练习商务英语写作：考生可以通过练习写商务文档，如报告、备忘录和邮件，来提高自己的写作能力。
商务英语国际商务期末复习资料
商务英语国际商务期末复习资料简答1. The Globalization of ProductionThe globalization of production refers to the tendency among firms to source goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, land, and capital).By doing so, companies hope to lower their overall cost structure and/or improve the quality or functionality of their product offering,thereby allowing them to compete more effectively.2. The differences between common law and civil law?Common law is based on tradition, precedent, and custom.(1) A common law system is more flexible that other systems.(2) Judges in a common law system have the power to interpret the law so that it applies to the unique circumstances of an individual case.(3) Each new interpretation sets a precedent that may be followed in future cases.(4) As new precedents arise, laws may be altered, clarified, or amended to deal with new situations.Civil Law is based on a detailed set of laws organized into codes. (1) When law courts interpret civil law, they regard to these codes.EX. Germany, France, Japan, and Russia(2) A civil law system tends to be less adversarial than a common lawsystem(3) The judges rely upon detailed legal codes rather than interpreting tradition, precedent, and custom. Judges under a civil law system have the power only to apply the law.3. How corruption effect economy?(1) High levels of corruption significantly reduce the FDI, level of international trade, and economic growth rate in a country.(2) By siphoning off profits, corrupt politicians and bureaucrats reduce the returns to business investment and, hence, reduce the incentive of both domestic and foreign businesses to invest in that country.(3) The lower level of investment that results hurts economic growth.4. Why we need to protect intellectual property?The philosophy behind intellectual property laws is to reward the originator of a new invention, book, musical record, clothes design, restaurant chain, and the like, for his or her idea and effort. Such laws stimulate innovation and creative work. They provide an incentive for people to search for novel ways of doing things, and they reward creativity.。
国际商务英语复习资料
国际商务英语复习资料国际商务英语是指在全球范围内从事商业交易时所必须使用的英语。
随着全球化的发展，商务交流的范围和频率不断增加，因此学习国际商务英语就显得尤为重要。
以下是一些国际商务英语的复习资料。
一、商务英语词汇商务英语中常用的词汇包括：合同、报价、采购、销售、运输、保险、货款、退税、仓储、质检、市场调研、营销策划等。
其中，一些重要的词汇需要掌握其中英文对照，如：报价-quotation，采购-procurement，销售-sale，运输-transportation，保险-insurance，货款-payment，退税-tax refund，质检-quality inspection，市场调研-market research，营销策划-marketing plan。
熟练掌握这些词汇可以帮助我们更清楚地理解商务文档中的内容。
二、商务信函写作商务信函是国际商务交流中必不可少的形式。
良好的商务信函不仅可以传达准确的信息，还可以展示企业的专业形象。
商务信函主要分为询价信、报价信、订货信、发货信、付款信、索赔信等。
对于不同类型的信函，其结构和语言表达也应该有所差异。
在写商务信函时，需要注意语言表达清晰、客观、礼貌、得体。
同时，需要把握好信函的结构，包括称呼、主体、结尾等部分，以达到有效传达信息的目的。
三、商务会谈口语商务会谈是国际商务交流中最为常见的形式。
在商务会谈中，除了需要准确的英语表达外，还需要注意交际礼仪等细节。
商务会谈中需要掌握的词汇包括：问候、自我介绍、说明会谈目的、提出问题、回答问题、提出合作方案等。
此外，对于商务会谈中可能出现的文化差异和语言障碍，需要提前做好准备。
四、商务演示文稿商务演示文稿是国际商务交流中展示企业形象和推销产品的重要形式。
在商务演示文稿中，需要掌握一些重要的表达方式和技巧，如重点突出、逻辑清晰、简明扼要、举例说明等。
此外，还需要注意语言表达和PPT设计的美学效果，以营造出具有吸引力的演示效果。
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freelance 自由职业的[ˈfri:lɑ:ns]You sell your work or services to a number of different companies. 自由职业你把你的工作或服务卖给许多不同的公司teleworking 远程工作；在家办公;You work for a company from home via email,phone or the Internet电子办公你在家中通过电子邮件、电话或互联网为一家公司工作，job-sharing 分担工作制You do your job for part of the week and another person does it for the other part. 分担工作你在这周做了你的这份工作的一部分，另一个人做另一部分shift work 换班工作You work during different parts of the day(eg nights).轮班工作你在一天中的不同时段工作（如夜班）part-time 兼职;半日工作You only work for some ot the week(not full-time).兼职工作你只工作了一周（不是全职）。
temping 打临时工，做临时工作，打零工You work for different companies for a short time without a permanent contract.临时工作你在不同的公司工作很短的时间没有一个永久的合同。
c onsultancy 顾问工作，顾问职位; 咨询公司; [kənˈsʌltnsi:]You aren’t employed by a company,but are paid to give specialist advice.顾问公司；咨询公司你不是受雇于公司，但支付给专业的意见flextime 弹性上班制;You don’t have a permanent place or office to work at,but you find a place to work when you arrive.办公桌轮用你没有一个固定的办公地点，但当你需要办公室可以找到一个办公地点How to job - shareWouldn't it be nice if the working week finished on Wednesday? With a job-share(0) Find the perfect partnerFind someone you like. 'Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame,says Carol Savage, the managing director of Flexecutive, a flexible working consultancy.credit and blame信用和责任；director主管，主任；flexible灵活的；consultancy顾问工作，顾问职位;咨询公司(1)Open your mind 敞开心胸Bosses should consider requests for flexible working from employees with children undersix. So embraceSavage says.老板应该考虑从事六岁以下的儿童工作的员工的灵活性要求。
那么包含的利益：“双倍经验、技能、智力和精力。
”（2）Plan for disaster灾难计划Always discuss the worst-case scenarios.情境[siˈnɑːriəu] When Margaret Mills, a teacher, lost her job-share partner because of a family illness, a return to full-time work seemed inevitable.'We had been over-optimistic. I did manage to find someone else who fitted in with me, but Iwas very lucky.'经常讨论假设最坏的情况。
当米尔斯玛格丽特，一位老师，因为一个家人的疾病失去了她的工作伙伴，回到全职工作似乎是不可避免的“我们一直过于乐观。
我确实找到了一个适合我的人，我很幸运。
”（3）Get organised 有组织性的handing work over carefully different strengths.the workload according to each other's particular仔细制定工作移交制度和发挥个人特长。
根据每个人的特殊技能和素质来委派工作量。
（4）Set your limits规定你的极限Managers should clarify what they expect in terms of hours, availability and results, and employees should manage their employer's expectations. Sue Osborn, a job-sharer for 21years, says, 'We're often asked to do five-day week经理应该说明根据他们所期望的时间，可用性和结果，员工应该能解决他们的雇主的期望。
奥斯本，工作21年来，工作员说，“我们经常被要求每周五天工作日”（5）Put pen to paper 把笔放在纸上Agree in writing arrangements for holidays, parental leave[pəˈrentl li:v], retirement [rɪˈtaɪəmənt], etc. Everyone should know where they stand from the beginning.同意假期的写作安排，产假，退休等，每个人都应该知道他们从一开始就站在哪里。
（6）Don't feel guilty不要觉得内疚Do not work until 1 am at home to make up for not being in the office every day在家里不要每天工作到凌晨1点来弥补不在办公室（7）Two become one二合一Clients may not like having to deal with two people working closely together. As Savage says: 'A job-share should be like a marriage - one voice, one unit.'客户可能不希望面对两人紧密合作。
一份工作的份额应该像一份婚姻：一个声音，一个单位Present tenses 各类现在时态0 Even at home,always set (set) yourself a timetable.1 You need (need) to find a quiet place to work,where there are no distractions干扰.2 If you communicate (communicate) with a client on the phone today rather than face-to-face,it’s still import to dress for work as normal.如果你今天与客户电话沟通，而不是面对面，穿正常的工作服依旧重要。
3 Now that you have escape (escape避开) from the office,you’ll still need peace安心and quiet at home.Don’t answer the door to neighbours or make social calls.4 Once you have been working (work)from home for a while,you might feel a bit lonely.It might be worth going into the office once or twice a week.5 After you have been (be) at the computer for a few hours,remember to take a break – why not leave the house and go for a walk outside?6 Be strong.When a friend calls and asks you out to lunch,say what you would say in any other job:’Sorry but I am working (work) on something at the moment.How about after five instead?7 Make sure colleagues and clients can reach 联系到you and answer (answer) the phone as though you are in the office.Life’s all about making connections建立人脉To you, networking人际网might mean (1)attending a conference or trade fair商品交易会event to meet new client or partners.Or it could be the coffee break at work where you share (2) ideas with colleagues in other departments部门. But nowadays networking has become an event in itself.For example, Pricewaterhouse Coopers普华永道会计师事务所offer its female staff职员的a formal networking (3)group called PwCwomen. With 900 members, it organises组织events事件informal drinks evenings to coaching辅导events. Tina Hallet, who is (4)the group, says that she got involved (5)in涉及networking because ‘I’d got to a reasonably合理的senior level高级水平and I wanted to help other people to maximise发挥their potential潜能.’You don’t have to be senior to (6) run a network though. Vicky Wood and Sally Hopkins had the idea for the City Girls Network when they first moved into London’s corporat e公司的world and wondered how to get to (7) know other women. ‘We couldn’t find anything for people with no experience. So we thought we’d start our own.’From twelve friends meeting regularly经常, it rapidly迅速地grew to 250 members from many different organisations. It’s a great way to (8) make useful contacts联络and bring in potential潜在的business.Fiona Clutterbuck is co-chair联合主席of a network for the bank ABN AMRO. ‘Women tend to think of networking as (9)socialising and give it low priority优先权.’But given the chance, women will network – as the bank’s last ‘speed networking’ event demonstrated显示. ‘With over 100 women and men, it was a great (10)success. It is amazing how many people you get to meetfrom different parts of the organisation组织，机构，团体.’Match the expressions on the left to the responses on the right.0. I’d like to introduce you to Mark. B. Hello, Marek. How do you do?1. Nice to meet you at last. D. Pleased to meet you too.2. Do you two know each other already? I. Well, we’ve spoken on the phone a few times.3. Would you like a coffee? C. Thanks.4. So have you enjoyed this morning? J. Yes, it was very interesting.5. Is this your first time at one of these events? A. Yes, it is. And you?6. May I join you? E. Sure.7. You’re a colleague of Martin Obach, aren’t you?K. That’s right. He works in our Barcelona office.8. How do you know him? L. We were both at Elcotil together.9. How many children do you have? F. Two. Twins.10. Have you always lived in Lille? G. Yes, most of my life.11. I know your company is looking for a partner on this Thai project.H. Yes. Is that something you might be interested in …?2）The past 过去时Dear Sir or Madam,I（0）saw (see) your advert广告for the post of Client Services Executive总经理in yesterday’s newspaper and I would like to apply for the position职位.As you can see from my attached附加的CV简历, I（1）have been working (work) for my current company for over two years.I（2）joined(join) MacKintyre and Co in 2007 and since then,I （3）have had(have) many opportunities to develop my skills.However,I （4）have been considering (consider) a career change with a new challenge for a number of months and this seems like the perfect moment to make that move.I see from recent最近的press新闻报道reports报告that your company（5）has expanded (expand 扩大) its operations经营in China and therefore因此I would like to draw your attention to my degree in Oriental东方Studies and Mandarin北京话which I（6）completed (complete完成) in bined with结合Please also note that my current manager（8can be contacted联络on 0207 857 6785.I look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully忠实地Daniel LewisMemoYou are a seminar organizer. You want to check details for an event next week with your two assistants. Write an email to your staff. Write 40-50 words.Sy which rooms you have booked for the event.Ak them to confirm the schedule with security.Eplain that one participant will be late.From: [student's name]Subject: Confirmation of seminar detailsDate: XXXXTo: Assistant seminar organizersPlease note that I have booked Rooms 101 and 102 for the seminar next week. I'd be grateful if you would now confirm this booking and the final schedule for the event with security. Also note that Mr Singh will be one hour late on the Monday morning.You are a human resources manager for a large manufacturing firm. To offer staff better health nsurance, the company has recently changed its insurance company. A representative from the insurance company is visiting to present the new policy. In your memo you should:*say what has happened*announce the representative’s visit.*say when and where his presentation will take placeTo: All staffFrom: HR ManagerDate: 19 MarchSubject: A representation from the new insurance companyAs you are probably aware, we has recently changed our insurance company to provide you with better health insurance. Therefore, a representative from the new insurance company is visiting us. Please note that he will give a presentation on Thursday 27 March at 4.30pm in the conference room to outline the new policy. Any staff is welcome to attend.Tags that can end misery of lost luggageGlobalbagtag was (0) set up six years ago by husband-and-wife team Chris and Alison Truelove on their return from a holiday in Australia.The couple decided to (1) launch , which sells secure tags which travellers attach to their luggage. They started to (2)charge ￡9.95 per tag in the first year, followed by a ￡2.95 subscription (3) fee for the following years. Customers activate the tag online with their home address on an online database. If luggage is lost, the person who finds it can log on to the Globalbagtag website and report the missing items.Mr Truelove said: ‘We have seen a huge (4) growth in orders as travellers realise they cannotrely on the airlines to look after their bags. It is actually a very simple (5) concept .’Globalbagtag is now planning to (6) branch out into stickers for items including mobile phones, MP3 players, keys and laptops.3）Will and the future Will和将来时0 I’m just phoning to confirm that I will be / am in my office by ten.1 Don’t worry.I promise that I ’ll call / ‘m calling you back straight away.2 Inflation probably won’t rise / won’t have risen above three percent this year.3 We ’ll run / ‘re running seminars every day next week so I can’t take any time off,I’m afraid.4 After that,I ’ll have / ‘m going to have a rest in my room before this afternoon’s session starts.5 The hotel has a scheduled shuttle bus to the training centre.I think it is going to leave / leaves every half hour,but let me check for you.6 Security open / will be opening the building at eight tomorrow instead of nine.7 We begin at nine.So by the time he arrives at nine thirty,the first session will have started / will be starting.8 He says he ’s going to leave / ‘ll have left at three to catch a flight even though he knows it doesn’t finish until four.9 I’m sure you ’re receiving / ‘ll be receiving something in the post in the next couple of days,but I can check with my colleague if you like.How to delegateNew managers often find it difficult to delegate the tasks they used to do. But getting others to do what you did so well is a key to good management.1A Tailor work to the individual It should be challenging and make use of their specific skills that you may not have.2E Delegate complete tasks This is much more satisfying for the person delegated to than bits and pieces. If people feel they have ownership of a whole manageable project, they will usually rise to the challenge.3C Give incentives Don’t start by saying ‘I know you’re really busy and don’t have time for this, but …’Explain why the job is important and why you have chosen them. Also explain what the rewards are —possibly financial or psychological.4D Define the expectations and objectives Specify what results are needed, the deadline, and how often the employee should update you.5G Avoid misunderstanding After you have briefed the person, ask them to explain back to you what they’re going to do to ensure the instructions are clear.6F Let go Don’t check up on them. Make yourself available to answer questions but allow them space to work on their own.7B Be postive Give lots of praise, helpful feedback and constructive criticism. It boosts confidence and saves time next time.Tip 1: Keep the title of the report short. It only needs to tell your reader the subject.Tip 2:Divide your report into sections to make it easier to read. Use headings such as Introduction, Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations.Tip 3: State the aim of the report in the introduction. This will include why you have been asked to write it and what you will have done by the end.Tip 4: In the findings section describe the facts and information. Avoid giving your opinion at this stage.Report on_visits to website and proposed marketing strategy___IntroductionThe aim of this report is to comment on the number of people visiting the company website in the last three months and propose a marketing strategy for the next three months.FindingsOver the last three months, the number of visitors has increased by 650.There are two reasons for the increase. First of all, we launched a newsletter for subscribes.Secondly in May, we ran a competition which was very popular.With regards to costs, banners have cost 3200 euros a month but very few people seem to visit the website as a result of these.On the other hand, the newsletter doesn‘t cost anything (other than my time) but has helped to increase the number of visitors.RecommendationsIn order to increase this number I would recommend that we continue with the newsletter and run more competitions and quizzes. I also propose that we stop using banners and put more resources into setting up links with other sites to increase the traffic.You are a manager at Lar Bonner. After a meeting with staff, the company has agreed to extend parental leav e for fathers from two weeks to three weeks. Write a memo to all staff. • Refer to the previous meeting.• Say when the new system will begin (25th September).• Remind staff that their managers need one month’s notice.To: All StaffFrom: (Name of student)Date: 25th JulySubject: Parental LeaveFurther to our previous meeting, I am pleased to confirm that parental leave for fathers has been extended to three weeks. The new system will come into operation as from 25th September. May I remind you t hat your managers will require one month’s notice?。