英汉新词的对比Comparison between English andChinese New WordsPPT课件
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• For example, • In English: beautician一hairdresser
vertically challenged一short meat technologist一butcher
7
• In Chinese:
•
卫生间一茅房，厕所
•
下岗一失业
•
单身贵族一打光棍
8
Ways of the formation of new words from the perspective of Morphology
• In Chinese:决赛，绿色食品，减肥
茶，盗版，人才外流，蹦迪，
国脚，放心肉，超短裙
10
• 3.Shortening(缩写法或简略法)
• In English:
• (1)Abbreviation(首字母缩略法)
•
AI-Artificial Intelligence
•
VIP-very important person
•
PK-player killer/penalty kick
11
• (2) Clipping (截词法)
• Info-information pub-public house
• pop-popular music
• 4.Blending (混成法)
• lunaraut(月球宇航员)-lunar+ astronaut
• 1.Affixation(派生法)
• In English:
• -nik: filmnik, jazznik ,computernik
• In Chinese:
•
影迷，爵士乐迷，计算机迷
9
• 2.Compounding(复合法)
• In English:
•
online，forget-me-not
Comparison between English and Chinese New Words
1
• 1. Reasons of the creation of new words both in English and Chinese
• 2. Ways of the formation of new words both in English and Chinese
3
• 2. Economic factor In English: W.T.O, ATM,cyber-money In Chinese: 下海、跳楼价、透支、假日经 济
4
• 3. Scentific factor • In English: E-mail, QQ, MSN,
genetic engineering • In Chinese:手机、多媒体、电子杂志、
girl:young people--female young people deer: wildlife animals--one kind of wildlife animals
16
• In Chinese:
• 帖:在古代可指文书、告示、便条,
• 现在只指邀请客人的通知,如“请帖”
• 4.Elevation(词义升格）
• 3. Ways of the creation of new words both in English and Chinese
2
Reasons of the creation of new words both in English and Chinese
• 1. Political factor In English: Watergate，Zippergate In Chinese:一国两制，保先
memory,menu
14
• In Chinese: • 下海、充电、触电、放电 2.Extension (词义扩展）
In English: lady:女主人--贵族太太--有教养的妇 女 -- 任何女子
•
15
• In Chinese: • 先生:旧时用来指有知识的人，如师长、医生、
管账的人或以说书、相面、算卦、看风水为业的 人; 如今用来称呼男士 • 3.Narrowing(词义缩小） In English:
Baidu Nhomakorabea
• SocSec(社会福利金)-social + security
•
veep( 副总统)-vice president
12
• 缩写法在汉语中也称简略法，在现代汉语新 词中归纳起来大致有三种情况:
• (1)取每一个词的第一个字，例如:
• 访学、节能、超市
• (2)取全称最有代表性的两个字，例如:
• 考研、纠风、严打、博导
20
18
• 5.Degradation (词义降格） • In English:
silly: happy--foolish In Chinese:
勾当:办事和事情(宋、元)--事情-坏的事情
19
写在最后
成功的基础在于好的学习习惯
The foundation of success lies in good habits
掌上电脑、网络犯罪
5
• 4.Social factor • In English: job-hop,bungee jumping,
cliff-climbing • In Chinese:足球彩票、绿色奥运、追星
热、音乐电视、盗版
6
• With the development of human civilization, more refined words are used to replace vulgar words
• In English:
•
fond: foolish--affectionate
•
angel:messenger--messenger
•
of God
17
• In Chinese: • 汉语的“党”字,在古代有多种意义,其
中 • 表示“集团”意义时,也只能用于贬义。
“党”字在现代汉语中特指中国共产 党,为褒义词,如党课、党委、党校、党 性、党员等等。
•
(3)用数字概括，例如:
•
三讲、三陪
13
Ways of the creation of new words from the perspective of
lexicology
• 1.New meaning of existing words
• In English:
•
surf, save, mouse,
vertically challenged一short meat technologist一butcher
7
• In Chinese:
•
卫生间一茅房，厕所
•
下岗一失业
•
单身贵族一打光棍
8
Ways of the formation of new words from the perspective of Morphology
• In Chinese:决赛，绿色食品，减肥
茶，盗版，人才外流，蹦迪，
国脚，放心肉，超短裙
10
• 3.Shortening(缩写法或简略法)
• In English:
• (1)Abbreviation(首字母缩略法)
•
AI-Artificial Intelligence
•
VIP-very important person
•
PK-player killer/penalty kick
11
• (2) Clipping (截词法)
• Info-information pub-public house
• pop-popular music
• 4.Blending (混成法)
• lunaraut(月球宇航员)-lunar+ astronaut
• 1.Affixation(派生法)
• In English:
• -nik: filmnik, jazznik ,computernik
• In Chinese:
•
影迷，爵士乐迷，计算机迷
9
• 2.Compounding(复合法)
• In English:
•
online，forget-me-not
Comparison between English and Chinese New Words
1
• 1. Reasons of the creation of new words both in English and Chinese
• 2. Ways of the formation of new words both in English and Chinese
3
• 2. Economic factor In English: W.T.O, ATM,cyber-money In Chinese: 下海、跳楼价、透支、假日经 济
4
• 3. Scentific factor • In English: E-mail, QQ, MSN,
genetic engineering • In Chinese:手机、多媒体、电子杂志、
girl:young people--female young people deer: wildlife animals--one kind of wildlife animals
16
• In Chinese:
• 帖:在古代可指文书、告示、便条,
• 现在只指邀请客人的通知,如“请帖”
• 4.Elevation(词义升格）
• 3. Ways of the creation of new words both in English and Chinese
2
Reasons of the creation of new words both in English and Chinese
• 1. Political factor In English: Watergate，Zippergate In Chinese:一国两制，保先
memory,menu
14
• In Chinese: • 下海、充电、触电、放电 2.Extension (词义扩展）
In English: lady:女主人--贵族太太--有教养的妇 女 -- 任何女子
•
15
• In Chinese: • 先生:旧时用来指有知识的人，如师长、医生、
管账的人或以说书、相面、算卦、看风水为业的 人; 如今用来称呼男士 • 3.Narrowing(词义缩小） In English:
Baidu Nhomakorabea
• SocSec(社会福利金)-social + security
•
veep( 副总统)-vice president
12
• 缩写法在汉语中也称简略法，在现代汉语新 词中归纳起来大致有三种情况:
• (1)取每一个词的第一个字，例如:
• 访学、节能、超市
• (2)取全称最有代表性的两个字，例如:
• 考研、纠风、严打、博导
20
18
• 5.Degradation (词义降格） • In English:
silly: happy--foolish In Chinese:
勾当:办事和事情(宋、元)--事情-坏的事情
19
写在最后
成功的基础在于好的学习习惯
The foundation of success lies in good habits
掌上电脑、网络犯罪
5
• 4.Social factor • In English: job-hop,bungee jumping,
cliff-climbing • In Chinese:足球彩票、绿色奥运、追星
热、音乐电视、盗版
6
• With the development of human civilization, more refined words are used to replace vulgar words
• In English:
•
fond: foolish--affectionate
•
angel:messenger--messenger
•
of God
17
• In Chinese: • 汉语的“党”字,在古代有多种意义,其
中 • 表示“集团”意义时,也只能用于贬义。
“党”字在现代汉语中特指中国共产 党,为褒义词,如党课、党委、党校、党 性、党员等等。
•
(3)用数字概括，例如:
•
三讲、三陪
13
Ways of the creation of new words from the perspective of
lexicology
• 1.New meaning of existing words
• In English:
•
surf, save, mouse,