05844国际商务英语词汇复习资料(1)
国际商务英语1
国际商务英语复习资料customs unionhost countryquotadiscountcreditinvoiceFDIheadquartersnon-tariff barrierdebtorAPECinfra structureparent MNCICCinvoiceunit pricecompetitive devaluations underwritersPrinciple of Nondiscrimination Treatment internationalization tenor draftcontract carrierECOSOCdraweefluctuationcorrespondent bankconsular invoicediscount rateidle fundsdirect quote8.standby arrangementV ATGDPStock exchange documentssettle.FDInon-tariff barrierexchange rateinsurance policydebtorquotationcreditor countrydocuments.跟单汇票买入价债权国报价单世界银行集团单据非关税壁垒绝对利益汇率投资直接标价法经济一体化世界贸易组织母公司分批装运进口关税询价合同金边债券租赁大额存单债权国贸易惯例初级产品不可抗力购货确认书资金周转普惠制优惠期人均收入最惠国待遇欧洲支付联盟零库存最大诚信原则大萧条外汇管制相对利益优惠（宽限）期到期国际货币基金组织关税同盟间接标价法股东金本位制发票受益方出口关税关税联盟风险世界贸易组织金融询价.合同缔约国全球化licensor changes made to somethingPPP a person or company granting a license expertise major bank, most important bank leading bank purchasing power parityamendment expert skill or knowledgehyper-inflation authentic materialsverified data something that is put in business operation clean credit soaring of prices beyond controlmiddleman trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer input credit that does not require shipping documents for payment drawback duties levied on the basis of the goodsad valorem duties duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported voluntary offer being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment credit-worthiness the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export beneficiary an offer made on the initiative of the offererassess to take what is needed from, to exploittap something that is put in business operationinput to judge an amount or valueframework the price or cost of transportationcarriage organization structureGold standard transportation contractcustom areasvisible tradediscountthe commercial invoice: creditexchange ratebarterinvisible tradeforeign direct investmentoral business negotiationscommon marketinternational stock exchangeimmigrant remittancedirect quotefree trade areainternational businessoral business negotiationstariffsindirect quoteabsolute advantagetransportationcontractvisible tradethe commercial invoice:insurance:What are the major differences between international business and domestic business?What are the main principles of insurance?What are the basic feature and major role of economic globalization?What are meant by high income, middle income, and low income countries according to the World Bank ?What is international trade? Why did it take place?What institutions does the World Bank Group consist of?What are the factors influencing the exchange rate?What are the major objectives of the WTO?What’s the difference between GNP and GDP?What’s the Special Drawing Right? how was it created?Why is documentation very important in foreign trade?In which main forms is FDI practiced?What has China done to honour its commitments for gaining accession to the WTO?Describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.What are the major modes of the modern freight transportation system?What are the three major objectives of WTO?The key development to watch in trade is the relationship _______ the industrialized and the developing nations. Third world countries export their mineral deposits and agricultural produce, ________ bring them desired foreign ex________. Tourism has also been greatly responsible _______ the rapid development of some developing nations. Many third World nations w_______ high employment and l______ wages have seen an emigration of workers to the de_______ nations. Western Europe has received millions ________ such workers from Mediterranean countries. The developing countries pr_____ when these workers bring their savings and their acquired technical skills back home. Many developing countries benefit when Western nations establish manufacturing in their countries to take ad_________ of cheap labour.In spite of a shrinking share of total transportation, railroads re the nation’s largest transportation carrier, accounting 30 percent of the nation’s total cargo ton-miles. Railroads are one of the cost-effective modes for shipping car-load quantities of bulk products such as coal, sand, minerals, farm and forest productslong land distances. The rate costs for shipping merchandise are quite complex. The lowest r comes from shipping carload rather t less-than-carload quantities. Manufacturers will attempt to combine shipments common destinations to take adv of lower carload rates. Railroads have recently begun to increase customer-oriented services. They have designed new equipment to ha special categories of merchandise more efficiently, provided flatcars for carrying truck trailers by rail, and provided in-transit services 43 as diversion of shipped goods to other destinations en route and processing goods en route.As soon as an o is accepted by the customer, the exporter sends him a contract to con the sale. In so doing, some Chinese import and export corporations use a sales contract and some use a sales confirmation. Both are documents the nature of a contract. Usu., a sales contract or sales confirmation contains some general terms and conditions as well as thesp terms which vary with the comm . But such details the names of seller and buyer, descriptions of the goods, quantity, unit price, total amount, terms of delivery, terms of payment, ports of shipment and destination and so on are ind . The sales contract or sales confirmation is normally made out in two originals, one for the ex himself and the other for his customer. The number of copies may be decided ac to need. Signing a sales contract or a sales confirmation means conc of business in written form.A documentary credit is a letter is________ by a bank at the request of an importer of goods in w_______ the bank promises to pay a ben_________(usually, though not always, the exporter of the goods) upon per_________ of documents relating to the dispatch of the goods. A letter of credit is sometimes just called credit, or L/C _______ short. The com________ letter of credit is always a documentary credit in that it specifies the documents required such ______ a bill of lading, an invoice and an insurance document plus one ________ two other documents. If these documents are in or_______ and shipment has been made as specified in the credit, the bank will pay for the consignment in exchange for the documents or will accept a bill of ex____ and, possibly, negotiate it.UNCTAD is the intergovernmental body within the UN system for comprehensive review of trade, development and other related issues. UNCTAD is designed to promote trade and economic development of all countries. Particularly developing countries. Over the 40-plus years since its founding, UNCTAD has played important role in fostering North-South dialogue and cooperation, promoting trade and economic development of the developing countries and assisting them in speeding up integration into the multilateral trading economy.In documentary collection, the exporter sends the draft and the shipping documents representing title to the goods to his bank, which forwards them to another bank in the importer’s country, which in turn contacts the customer. In the case of documents against payment (D/P), documents will not be released to the importer until payment is effected. There are D/P at sight and D/P after sight. The former requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents. The latter gives the importer a certain period after presentation of the documents, but documents are not released to him until he actually pays for the merchandise. In the case of documents against acceptance against acceptance (D/A), documents are handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter. Payment will not be made until a later date. D/A is always after sight.APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australian capital Canberra attended by 12 members of Australia, the United States, Canada, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand and six ASEAN countries. As put by the Seoul Declaration passed in 1991, its tenet and objectives are “inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system and reduction of regional trade barriers”. In 1991, China joined APEC as a sovereign state while Chinese Taipei and Hong Kong joined it as territory economies. Now APEC has altogether 21 members including all the major Pacific Rim countries and regions.Most multinational corporations are made up of vast numbers of foreign subsidiaries, companies in which over 50 percent is owned by the parent company. Like all corporations, MNCs are organized according to the goals the set for themselves. They strive to retain access to the necessary resources: raw material, manpower, and capital. Furthermore, they try to grow through global cooperation by increasing their access to world resources. This leads them to expand their foreign market position, in other words, to increase their market share. MNCs grew into strong entities by reinvesting their profits prudently so as to further increase access to resources. They had to hire more and more talented local people abroad, and they had to purchase raw materials in foreign countries.1．许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令2．要评估一个市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里的居民的购买力高低提供了线索。
05844 自考国际商务英语课后习题答案
05844 自考国际商务英语课后习题答案What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between internationalbusiness and domestic business.1. International business refers to transactions between parties from diffirent countries.There are four major diffrences between international business and domestic business:1) differences in legal system2) differences in currencies3) differences in cutural background4) differences in natural and economic conditions Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becomingmore and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?2. Commodity trade, i.e exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in onecountry for consumption or resale in another. This kind of trade is also referred to visible trade.Invisible trade is in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting,information etc. Invisible trade is becoming more and more important and accounts for anincreasing proportion in international trade.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business?3. Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. Please elaborate on the two categoreis of international investment. What is their majordifference?4. Foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling theenterprises or assets invested in in a host country.Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other thancontrolling.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as means of entering a foreign market?5. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.Firms choose licensing because they do not want to make cash payments to start business, andcan simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locationaladvanteges of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?6. Under franchising, a fim, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another,called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand name, logos, andoperating techniques for royalty.In comparision with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?7. Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services toanother within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant businessvolum.When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be ofstrategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be apractical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning theassets..What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it?8. For an interantional turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser andundertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equiping before handing it over to thelatter upon completion.For a BOT project, a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up beforefinally transferring it to a foreign company.Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOTand the common turnkey project.Franchise: an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in certain area.Royalty: money paid to the owner of a copyright fr permission to publish copy right material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu, at an agreed percentage ofthe selling price of the product.Patent: a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.Non-tariff barries: all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs,including prohibitions and quotas, etc.Portfolio: the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.Turnkey project: one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, acomplete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.Budget: an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu, a year used as a guide in making financial arragements.Return: the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.Expertise: expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-howLicensor: a person or company granting a licence1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
05844国际商务英语词汇复习资料（1）
05844国际商务英语词汇复习资料（1）05844国际商务英语词汇复习资料Unit 1: P7Transaction 交易 customs area 关税区 in compliance with 遵从；遵照conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售gross domestic product国内生产总值 invisible trade 无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资 stocks 股票bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日 certificate of deposit 大额存单 licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营trademark 商标advisable 可行的；适当的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；版税copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链contract manufacturing 承包工程 turnkey project “交钥匙”工程BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设、经营、移交stand for 代表；表示variant 变形/体Unit 2: P23potential 潜力clue 线索national income 国民收入GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入bulk 大量的；大宗的PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进；刺激creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟Unit 3：P40witness 亲历，见证economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area 自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀；损害autonomy 自治；自主sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构 European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of ministers 部长理事会 empower 授予权力multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织Unit4：P57globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素 value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并purport 声称；自称headquarters 总部international economic environment 国际经济环境 double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构；附属机构mover 原动力，推动力Unit5：P71define 下定义 services 劳务distribution 分布natural resources 自然资源abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品incentive 刺激specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder 剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面 illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设efficient 有效的，效率高的 occur 发生，产生law 规则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利with respect to 关于exploit 利用，开发static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予 up-to-date 现代的，新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力absolute advantage 绝对利益comparative advantage 比较利益。
05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结
05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结Lesson11.Customsarea关税区:2.Conversion货币兑换3.Visibletrade有形贸易: The form of modity trade,i.e.exportingand importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.(including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) 4.Invisibletrade无形贸易: The form of transportation, munication, banking,insurance, consulting, information etc.is called invisible trade or service industries.5.FDI外国直接投资:Foreign direct investments.Returnsthrough controlling the enterprises or assetsinvested in a host country./P.256.Onecountry acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6.Portfolioinvestment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.7.Stocks股票:Capital stocks or bonds.8.Bonds债券:The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.9.Maturity（票据等）到期10.Certificateof deposit大额存单11.Licensing许可经营:In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive ine in the form of royalty.12.Franchising特许经营:Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operatein the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13.TradeMark商标14.Patent专利15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税16.Copyright版权17.Licenser许可方18.Licensee被许可方19.Franchiser特许方:A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand ,names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20.Franchisee被特许方:A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21.Managementcontract管理合同: Under a management contract, one pany offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment ora percentage of the relevant business volume.22.Valuechain价值链23.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For aninternational turnkey project, a firm signs a contractwith a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon pletion.24.建设、经营和移交:Build,Operate, Transfer25.Expertise专门知识26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27.Royalty 许可使用费28.Internationalinvestment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.29.Contractmanufacturing承包生产 30.GATT关贸总协定:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31.Internationalbusiness国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimesbusiness across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.32.Intellectual property知识产权 33.Oildeposit: 石油储备 =oil reserves 34.thereserves of natural resources 自然资源储备35.Personaladvancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。
国际商务英语词汇1
国际商务英语词汇1 《国际商务英语》串讲笔记1Aabroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传absence n. 缺席，离开absent adj. 不在，不参与absenteeism n. (经常性)旷工，旷职absorb v. 吸收，减轻(冲击、困难等)作用或影响abstract n. 摘要access n. 接近(或进入)的机会，享用权v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利accommodation n. 设施，住宿account n. 会计帐目accountancy n. 会计工作accountant n. 会计accounts n. 往来帐目account for 解释，说明account executive n. (广告公司)客户经理*accruals n. 增值，应计achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到(某物)，承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到*acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj. 代理的activity n. 业务类型actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应adjust v. 整理，使适应administration n. 实施，经营，行政administer v. 管理，实施adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告ad n. 做广告，登广告advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程agent n. 代理人，经纪人allocate v. 分配，配给amalgamation n. 合并，重组ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心*amortise v. 摊还analyse v 分析，研究analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting (AGM) 股东年会anticipate v. 期望anticipated adj. 期待的appeal n. 吸引力apply v. 申请，请求;应用，运用applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请，施用，实施appointee n. 被任命人appraisal n. 估量，估价appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值*appropriate v. 拨出(款项) approve v. 赞成，同意，批准aptitude n. 天资，才能*arbitrage n. 套利arbitration n. 仲裁*arrears n. 欠帐assemble v. 收集，集合assembly-line n. 装配线，流水作业线assess v. 评定，估价asset n. 资产current asset n. 流动资产fixed asset n. 固定资产frozen asset n. 冻结资产intangible assets n. 无形资产liquid assets n. 速动资产tangible assets n. 有形资产assist v. 援助，协助，出席audit n. 查账，审计automate v. 使某事物自动操作average n. 平均，平均水准awareness n. 意识;警觉。
英语本科自考【复习资料】05844国际商务英语(复习要点)
International Business EnglishLesson 1International Business/国际商务Business Knowledge:The major differences between international business and domestic businessA.Differences in legal systems 法律体系B.Differences in currencies 货币C.Differences in cultural backgroundD.Different in natural and economic conditionsThe major types of international businessA. Trademodity trade 商品贸易b.Service tradeB. Investmenta.Foreign direct investmentb.Portfolio investment 证券投资C. Other typesa.Licensing and franchising 许可经营和特许经营b.Management contract and contract manufacturing 管理合同和承包生产c.Turnkey project and BOTTrade Terms:1.Customs area关税区:2.Conversion货币兑换3.Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goodsproduced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)4.Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance,consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.5.FDI外国直接投资: Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises orassets invested in a host country. / P.256. One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6.Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other thancontrolling.7.Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.8.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the moneylent or invested together with interest.9.Maturity（票据等）到期10.Certificate of deposit大额存单11.Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm inanother country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty（许可费）.12.Franchising特许经营: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another,franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13.Trade Mark商标14.Patent专利15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税16.Copyright版权17.Licenser许可方18.Licensee被许可方19.Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos andoperating techniques for royalty.20.Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21.Management contract管理合同: Under a management contract, one company offers managerialor other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.22.Value chain价值链23.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with aforeign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.24.BOT建设、经营和移交: Build, Operate, Transfer25.Expertise专门知识26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27.Royalty 许可使用费28.International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.29.Contract manufacturing承包生产30.GATT关贸总协定: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31.International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.32.Intellectual property知识产权33.Oil deposit: 石油储备= oil reserves34.the reserves of natural resources 自然资源储备35.Personal advancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。
058441710高等教育自学考试 国际商务英语 有答案试题
2017年4月高等教育自学考试《国际商务英语》试题课程代码：05844I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese:1.institutional investors:事业机构投资者2. private carrier:自有承运人3. compensation trade:补偿贸易4. beneficiary:受益人5. standing committee:常务委员会6. compound duties:混合关税7. reserve currency:储备货币8. validity period:有效期9. tariff quota:关税配额10. portfolio investment:证券投资II. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English: 11．预付现金cash in advance12．初级产品primary commodities13．贴现discount14．经济一体化economic integration15．光票信用证clean credit16．关税同盟customs union17．证券交易所stock exchange18．接受许可的人licensee19．缔约方contracting parties20．佣金commissionIII. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right:21. invoice a. a practical advantage given to one over others22. equities b. a place in which securities are sold and bought23. preference c. organization structure24. turnkey contract d. company stock25. insurance policy e. a document for the general description of the goods and the price26. market place f. one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, acomplete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.27. force majeure g. argument or controversy28. framework h. a document used for covering possible risks29. dispute i. a person to whom one owns money30. creditors j. social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control ofacontracting party答：21. e 22. d 23. a 24. f 25. h26. b 27. j 28.c 29. g 30. iIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English:31. returnsThe gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.32. world companyA multinational corporation whose national identity has been blurred.33. premiumThe amount of money paid by an insured for coverage under the contract.34. free trade areaMembers of a free trade area removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders.35. MFNmost-favored-nationV. Answer the following questions in English :36. Can you give one example to illustrate "insurable interest"?Insurable interest holds that no one may insure anything unless he has an interest in it, which means that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit from its preservation, but if it is in any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affected.For example, you can insure your own car, for if it is damaged you will have to pay for it to be repaired and consequently you will suffer a loss.37. What is the difference between a sales contract and a purchase contract?When the contract is made by the seller, it is called a sales contract; and when made by the buyer, it is called a purchase contract.38. What are the nature and objectives of OPEC?OPEC refers to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and it is the most influential commodity cartel. By assigning production quotas among its members, OPEC tried to limit the overall crude oil supply of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices.39. Can you give at least five major types of credits?The major types of credits are given as follows: 1 ) clean credit and documentary credit; 2) revocable credit and irrevocable credit; 3 ) confirmed credit and unconfirmed credit; 4 ) sight credit and usance credit; 5 ) transferable credit and non-transferable credit; 6) non- draft credit; 7) revolving credit.VI. Translate the following into Chinese:40. The packing list gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net weight and gross weight etc. Sometimes, the credit stipulates for specification list which is similar to the packing list but emphasizes the description of the specifications of the goods.装箱单所提供的是号码、日期、货物名称和说明、唛头、包装、件数，)每件的具体内容、净重和毛重等信息。
自考05844国际商务英语(真题-翻译)
1有形贸易 visible trade visible trade 2无形贸易 invisible tradeinvisible trade3证券投资 Portfolio Investment portfolio investment 4大额存单 Certificate of depositcertificate of deposit 5管理合同 management contract management contract 6价值链 value chainvalue chain7承包生产 contract manufacturing contract manufacturing 8交钥匙工程 turnkey project turnkey project 9国民收入 national income national income 10人均收入 per capita income per capita income 11基础设施 infra structureinfra structure1213收入分布 income distribution income distribution 14债权国 creditor countrycreditor country15经济一体化 economic integration economic integration 16自由贸易区 free trade area free trade area 17关税税率 tariff rates tariff rates 18关税同盟 custom union custom union 19关税联盟 customs union customs union 20共同市场 common market common market 21主权国家 sovereign state sovereign state 22政治实体 political entity political entity 23行政机构 executive bodyexecutive body24欧盟委员会 European commission European commission 25部长理事会 council of ministers council of ministers 26多极化 multi-polarization multi-polarization27双部长会议 dual-Ministerial meeting dual-Ministerial meeting 28分委员会 Sub-committeeSub-committee 2930技术进步 technical improvements technical improvements 31自然资源 natural resources natural resources 32初级产品 primary commodities primary commodities 33绝对利益 absolute advantage absolute advantage 34比较利益 comparative advantage comparative advantage 35进口关税 import duty import duty 36出口关税 export dutyexport duty 37混税,复合关税 compound dutycompound duty3839税率表,税则 tariff schedule tariff schedule 40关税壁垒 tariff barriertariff barrier41非关税壁垒 non-tariff barrier non-tariff barrier 42运输工具 means of transport means of transport43古迹 places of historical interest places of historical interest 44货仓 cargo compartment cargo compartment 45关税区 customs area customs area 46从价税 advalorem dutiesadvalorem duties独立国家联合体 commonwealth of independent 国际经济环境 international economic environment 最惠国待遇 most-favoured nation (MFN) treatment47贸易术语 trade terms trade terms48贸易惯例 trading practices trading practices49商品交易会 trade fairs trade fairs50长途电话 trunk call trunk call51有效期 validity period validity period52还盘 counter offer counter offer53销售合同 sales contract sales contract54销售确认书 sales (purchase) confirmation sales (purchase) confirmation55缔约方/合约各方 contracting parties contracting parties56不可抗力 force majeure force majeure57货号 article number article number58棉布 cotton piece goods cotton piece goods59棉纱 cotton yarns cotton yarns60对销贸易 counter trade counter trade61欧洲支付联盟 European payment union European payment union62竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation competitive devaluation63加工贸易 processing trade processing trade64清算系统 clearing system clearing system65实际头寸 net positions net positions66贸易信贷往来帐户 trade credit accounts trade credit accounts67反向购买 counter purchase counter purchase68回购交易 buyback buyback69租赁贸易 leasing trade leasing trade70财务状况 financial standing financial standing71资信可靠情况 credit worthiness credit worthiness72分阶段付款 periodic payments periodic payments73预付现金 cash in advance cash in advance74汇票 draft / bill of exchange draft/bill of exchange75远期汇票 usance draft usance draft76跟单汇票 documentary draft documentary draft77提单 bill of landing bill of landing78货物所有权 title to goods title to goods79保险单 insurance policy insurance policy80跟单托收 documentary collection documentary collection81付款交单 documents against payment (D/P)documents against payment (D/P) 82承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)documents against acceptance (D/A) 83光票 clean draft clean draft84开证银行opening bank opening bank85往来行 correspondence bank correspondence bank86通知行 advising bank advising bank87保兑行 confirming bank confirming bank88分批装运 partial shipment partial shipment89保兑信用证 confirmed letter of credit confirmed letter of credit90价格条款 price term price term91光票信用证 clean credit clean credit92非贸易结算 non-trade settlement non-trade settlement93可撤销信用证 revocable credit revocable credit94不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit irrevocable credit95双重保障 double assurance double assurance96即期信用证 sight credit sight credit97远期信用证 usance credit usance credit98面值 face value face value99可转让信用证 transferable credit transferable credit100不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit non-transferable credit101无汇票信用证 non-draft credit non-draft credit102推迟付款 deferred payment deferred payment103循环信用证 revolving credit revolving credit104唛头 shipping marks shipping marks105被通知人 notify party notify party106货运收据 cargo receipt cargo receipt107发运港 port of shipment port of shipment108海关发票 custom invoice custom invoice109领事发票 consular invoice consular invoice110装船通知 shipping advice shipping advice111产品自然领域 natural product provinces natural product provinces112公共承运人 common carrier common carrier113契约承运人 contract carrier contract carrier114自有承运人 private carrier private carrier115中间产品 intermediate product intermediate product116制成品 finished products finished products117最大诚信原则 utmost good faith utmost good faith118货物原产地港口 port of origin port of origin119交货费用 forwarding charges forwarding charges导致损失的直接原因 proximate cause of the loss120121汇率 exchange rate exchange rate122金本位制 gold standard gold standard123平价 par value par value124储备货币 reversed currency reversed currency125清洁浮动 clean float (free float-自由浮动)clean float 清洁浮动 (free float 自由浮动) 126肮脏浮动 dirt float (managed float-管理浮动)dirt float 肮脏浮动 (managed float 管理浮动) 127(汇率)直接标价 direct quote direct quote128(汇率)间接标价 indirect quote indirect quote129买入价 buying rate buying rate130卖出价 selling rate selling rate131中间价 medial rate medial rate132大萧条 Great Depression great depression133特别提款权 special drawing right special drawing right134国际收支赤字 BOP deficit BOP deficit135国际收支盈余 favorable balance of payment favorable balance of payment136贴现率 discount rate discount rate137外汇管制 foreign exchange control foreign exchange control138游资 idle funds (hot money)idle funds (hot money)139世界银行集团 word bank group word bank group140资本市场 capital market capital market141优惠期 grace period grace period142私营经济 private sector private sector143股权投资 equity investment equity investment144经济结构调整 economic restructuring economic restructuring145投票权 voting power voting power146黄金份额 gold tranche gold tranche147备用(信贷)安排 standby arrangement standby arrangement148客户流动 customer mobility customer mobility149免税期 tax holiday tax holiday150合资企业 joint venture joint venture151绿地战略 the greenfield strategy the greenfield strategy152战略联合 the strategic alliance the strategic alliance153知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property154常务委员会 standing committee standing committee155证券交易所 stock exchange stock exchange156长期资本 long-term capital long-term capital157二级资本市场 secondary capital market secondary capital market158交易场地 market floor (trading floor)market floor (trading floor)159挂牌证券交易市场 listed market listed market160所得税 income tax income tax161平衡帐目 balance the books balance the books 公共部门借贷需求 the public sector borrowing requirement162163金边证券 gilt-edged stocks / securities gilt-edged stocks/securities164事业机构投资商 institutional investors institutional investors165期权 options options166套期保值 hedge hedge167具体事场 particular market area particular market area168普惠制 generalized system of preferences generalized system of preferences 169关税减让 tariff concession tariff concession170制度力量 institutional strength institutional strength171反贴补措施 counter-veiling measures counter-veiling measures172反倾销 anti-dumping anti-dumping173国民待遇 national treatment national treatment174关税配额 tariff quota tariff quota175充分就业 full employment full employment176公平贸易 fair trade fair trade177贸易条款 term of trade term of trade178免责条款 escape clauses escape clauses179行动纲领 action programme action programme180联合国大会 united nations general assembly united nations general assembly 181较不发达国家 less-developed countries less-developed countries182无差别待遇 non-discrimination principle non-discrimination principle183差别待遇 differential treatment differential treatment184贸易条件 terms of trade terms of trade185186特惠税 preferential customs tariffs preferential customs tariffs 187技术转让 transfer of technology transfer of technology188金融市场 financial market financial market189中期贷款 extended fund facility extended fund facility190双边谈判 bilateral negotiation bilateral negotiation191特约条款 special clause special clause192董事会 board of directors board of directors193生产方式 production approach production approach194可保利益 insurable interest insurable interest195缓冲库存贷款 buffer stock financing facility buffer stock financing facility 196跨国公司母公司 parent MNC parent MNC197记帐交易 open credit open credit198滚装滚卸范畴运输 roll-on and roll-off traffic roll-on and roll-off traffic199规模经济 economies of scale economies of scale200有价保单 valued policy valued policy201从量税 specific duty specific duty202业务范围 business line business line203基础设施 capital infrastructure capital infrastructure204布雷顿森林会议 the Bretton woods convention the Bretton woods convention 205保证金 margin margin206统一关税制度 uniform tariff system uniform tariff system207208209210211212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224电子数据交换EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)购买力平价PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)增值税VAT (value added tax)国际经济新秩序 new international economic order石油输出国组织OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations)北美自由贸易协定NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)多边投资担保机构MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)经济及社会理事会ECOSOC (economic social council)国际开发协会IDA (International Development Association)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development)零库存 just-in-time delivery (JIT)自动出口限制VER (Voluntary Export Restriction)投资交易所RIE (Recognized Investment Exchange)国际复兴开发银行IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际金融公司IFC (International Finance Corporation)。
《国际商务英语》词汇部分
国际商务英语——词汇部分11.Budget—预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated,period,usu.a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2.Return—回报the gain from an investment,either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3.Portfolio—证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks,bonds,or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4.Royalty—专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design,usu.at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5.Expertise—专门知识expert knowledge or skill,esp.in a particular field;know-how.6.Licensor—认证颁发者a person or company granting a license.7.Patent—专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell,or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.8.Non-tariff barrier—非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs,including prohibitions and quotas,etc.9.Turnkey contract—one in which one of the parties agrees to supply,at the contract price,a complete product ready for use,such asa new home,factory,ship,etc.10.Franchise—经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.21.Purchasing power—购买力of persons,the public,having the money to buy goods and services.2.Assess—估价to judge an amount or value.3.spur—to urge or encourage4.average—of an ordinary,common or usual kind in quality or amount5.Productive—producing in high efficiency or in large quantity6.tap—to take what is needed from,to exploit7.Infrastructure—large-scale public services,such as water and power supplies,road,rail and radio communications,etc.needed to support economic activity,esp.industry,trade and commerce.8.recipient—a person or an organization etc.that receives something9.consumerism—considerable desire to make purchase for consumption10.PPP—purchasing power parity31liberalization—of trade,the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports2integration—combining into the whole3tariff—tax levied by the customs4barriers to trade—any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.5mobility—capacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place.6detour—绕道route that avoids a blocked road;deviation7banknote—纸币printed paper money issued by a bank,usu.the country’s central bank.8erode—侵蚀wear away,eat into9envisage—picture(an event,action,etc)in the mind as a future possibility;imagine10veto—否决权right to reject or forbid something41affiliate—a subsidiary company controlled by another2assets—total resources of a business,as cash,accounts receivable,real estates etc.3world company—a multinational whose national identity has been blurred4facilities—something designed,built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service 5revenue—收益the total annual income of state6decentralize—使分权distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area7nationalize—to bring under the control or ownership of a nation\8welfare—well-being9framework—organization structure10input—something that is put in business operation51service—something done to help or benefit others2abundant—plentiful,more than enough3specialization—to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields4primary commodities—those commodities not processed,or only slightly processed,usually farm produce or raw materials 5incentive—that which incites,rouses or encourages a person6alternative—that may be had,used etc.in place of sth.else7intuitive—relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study8efficient—producing a desired or satisfactory result;able to perform duties well9endowment—a natural gift or ability10exploit—to develop the use of,make the best use of61drawback—退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported2highlight—to make prominent;to draw special attention3bulky—taking a lot of space,and often of a shape difficult to handle4perishable—easily to go bad5tariff—duties imposed on goods imported and exported6specific duties—duties levied on the basis of quantity,weight,size etc.of the goods7ad valorem duties—duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods8unilaterally—单方面地done by one side or party only9maritime—connected with the sea or navigation10remittance—汇款money sent by post71law suit—legal prosecution2dispute—argument or controversy3remedy—method of putting right something that is wrong4amendment—修正changes made to something5Incoterms—a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms6present—submit7premise—a tract of land including its buildings8heading—category9classification—the arrangement of things by groups10carriage—the price or cost of transportation81business line—goods dealt in by a company2voluntary offer—an offer made on the initiative of the offerer3contract—an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties 4indispensable—absolutely necessary5contract proper—the main body of a contract6contracting parties—signatories of an agreement7force majeure—[不可抗力]social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party8purchase contract—a contract made by the buyer9firm offer—an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer10offeree—受要约人the party to whom an offer is made91.popular—liked and admired2.hyperinflation—恶性通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control3.inflation—通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand,expansion of money supply,credit etc.4.protectionism—贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed oncompetitive imports5.bilateral—双边的of two sides6.bundling—捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together7.expertise—expert skill or knowledge8.creditors—a person to whom one owns money9.transferable—possible to be handed over10.verified data—authentic materials101.debtor—a person who owes money2.default—fail to carry out an obligation3.dubious—doubtful,uncertain,questionable4.draft—an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money5.remittance—the sending of money or the money sent6.fluctuation—irregular movement of(prices,exchange rates etc.)7.drawer—the person who issues a draft,usually the exporter8.sound—financially satisfactory9.ban—prohibit,forbid10.drawee—付款人the person to whom a draft is drawn111.credit-worthiness—being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment2.substantial—large,great,considerable3.constitute—make up;amount to;form4.applicant of an L/C—the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C5.beneficiary—受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export6.discrepancy—difference;absence of agreement7.confirming bank—the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C8.bill of exchange—written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment9.underlying—forming the basis of10.reimburse—退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent121.clean credit—a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment2.cancel—not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon3.leading bank—major bank,most important bank4.impeccable—faultless5.insolvent—无力偿还的unable to pay debts6.sight credit—a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft7.maturity—becoming due8.after sight—after presentation of draft9.middleman—中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer10.sustain—suffer131.documentation—the presentation and use of shipping documents2.consignee—the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped3.shipping marks—what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation4.discrepancy—absence of agreement5.liability—what one is responsible for according to law6.apparent—according to appearance;seeming7.insurance policy—a document used for covering possible risks8.discount—amount of money that may be taken off the full amount9.title—right to the possession of a position or property10.invoice—a document for the general description of the goods and the price141alternative—a choice from two or more possibilities.2modes—different forms of transportation3fundamental—very important4ownership—legal right of possession5intermediate products—semi-manufactures6commercial intercourse—business dealings between individuals or firms7unload—getting goods off a carrier8package—combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit 9distribution—the marketing,transporting,merchandising,and selling of any item10destination—the terminal to which goods are sent151insured—a person covered by an insurance policy2premium—the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract3potential loss—loss which is possible to incur4viability—ability to succeed in operation5claim—a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy6margin—amount above what is estimated as necessary7underwriter—a person who carries on insurance as a business8consumption—the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable advantage 9compensation—something given or received as an equivalent for loss10pooling—a combination of funds formed for common advantage161field—a sphere of activity2incidence—occurrence3multi-modal transportation—transport that combines road,rail,sea and air4diminish—the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss5indemnity—compensation for loss6subrogate—to substitute a claim against one person for a claim against another person 7legal action—an action taken against someone in accordance with the law8leader—an insurer who is well-known in a particular class of business9deposit—money paid as part payment that is owned10compulsory—that must be done171peg—to keep fixed or unchanged2redeem—to repay or pay off,esp.loan stock,debentures and preference shares or stock3settlement—the act of paying a bill,debt,charge,etc4exchange rate—the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency5fluctuations—upward and downward movements in the economic system6gold reserves—the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the gold standard.7money circulation—money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services8devaluation—the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies9offset—to set one value against another or as equal to another10par—equal in value,on the same level181affiliate—a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern2institutions—an organization or establishment devoted to the promotion of a particular object3productivity—power of being productive4loans—something lent on condition of being returned,especially a sum of money lent at interest5prerequisite—required as a condition for something else6cyclical—recurring in cycles7maturity—the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due8reserve—money held aside to meet future demand9investment—the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns10stringent—strict,that must be obeyed191quota—a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity2VER—an agreement by a country’s exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country3acquisition—company expansion through the phrase of other business4synergy—benefits from combining different business,normally claimed by the promoters of mergers5rebate—reduce6intellectual property—certain non-tangible assets held,principally covering the areas of patent protection,registered trade marks and designs,and copy-right7tax holiday—a period of time during which tax is not levied8return—the gain from an investment,either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment9access—a way by which a place,esp.property,can be reached or entered or used10joint venture—a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms201market place—a place in which securities are sold and bought2securities—stocks and bonds3gilts—stocks issued by government4information—knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance5qualifications—competence6membership—the state of being a member of a certain organization7practitioner—a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation8cost-effective—producing optimum results for the expenditure9shortfall—deficiency10equities—company stocks211ratify—make an arrangement or a treaty officially valid by signing it.2controversy—public argument about sth.which many people disagree with3biennial—happening every alternate year4clout—influence5anti-dumping—one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured6mandate—authority given to perform a duty7stillborn—(of a child)dead at birth;(of an idea or a plan)not developing further8contracting party—a country or firm that signs a legal agreement9akin to—similar,related to10optimal—best or most favorable221terms of trade—the relation of export and import prices2preference—a practical advantage given to one over others3export earnings—money earned on the sales of goods to other countries4provisions—a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded5tariffs—customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exports6invisible—trade in services7board—an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities of a firm 8permanent—lasting9counterpart—a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function 10forum—an outlet for discussion of matters of interest to a given group。
自考05844国际商务英语课文必考词汇短语
Transaction 交易customs area 关税区in compliance with 遵从conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营trademark 商标advisable 可行的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链contract manufacturing 承包工程turnkey project “交钥匙”工程clue 线索BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设经营移交stand for 代表variant 变形/体potential 潜力national income 国民收入bulk 大量的；大宗的GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟witness 亲历economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀autonomy 自治sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of ministers 部长理事会empower 授予权力globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并purpot 声称；自称headquarters 总部international economic environment国际经济环境double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构；附属机构mover 原动力，推动力define 下定义services 劳务distri natural resources 自然资源abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primarycommodities 初级产品incentive 刺激specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设efficient 有效的，效率高的occur 发生，产生law 规则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利withrespect to 关exploit 利用，开发static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予up-to-date 现代的，新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力absolute adantage 绝对利益comparative advantage比较利益strategic 战略的reduce 减少bulky 笨重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的protectionist 保护主义的barrier障碍typical 典型的tariffs 关税quota 配额levy 征收，收取coincide 巧合；偶合customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税export duties 出口关税ad valorem 按价；从价specific 从量的compound duties 复税，混合关税drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇signatory 签字国concession让步tariff schedule 税率表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒impose 加强unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号voluntary 自动的，主动的forthcoming 即将到来的meaning of transport 运输工具inland water vessels 内河船只maritime 海洋的cargo compartment 货仓charter租fleet 舰队insurance保险vulnerable 脆弱的collision 碰撞pilferage 偷窃explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就respective 各自的；分别的subsequent 随后的，后来的interpretation 解释；说明trade terms 贸易术语；交易条件trading practices 贸易惯例litigation 诉讼，诉争entail 使人承担；使成为必要amendment 修正案；修正条款addition 增加部分revise 修正；修改unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的consolidate 统一，合并render使得；使成为negotiable 可转让的；可流通的vital 极其重要的，必不可少的whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产场所；经营场所disposal 处理departure 离开，启程，出发quay 码头substantive 实质性的set forth 陈述；阐明binding 有约束力的enforceable可实施的sue起诉trade fairs 商品交易会trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价quotation 报价voluntarily 主动地，自愿地indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的invalid 无效的sales contract 销售合同sales （purchase）confirmation 售货（购货）确认书setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售contracting parties 缔约方force majeure不可抗力arbitration 仲裁cotton piece good 棉布cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此hereunder 于下article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面bleached 漂白的counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易allegedly被说成；据说phenomenon 现象terminology 术语generic 总称的net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证empirical 以经验为根据的reciprocal 互惠的；互相hyperinflation极度通货膨胀literally 照字地disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地EuropeanPayment Union 欧洲支付联盟pre-specify 预先说明competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值in essence实质上的intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于photocopying machine 复印机intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分verify 一部分sophisticated 经验丰富的bypass避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆作用tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏perpetuate 使永久存在processing trade 加工贸易consignment 寄售赁agency 代理domestic 国内的status 状况remittance 汇款debtor 债务人debit 借方；记入借方的款financial standing 财务状况default 违约；不履行职责ban禁止documentary draft 跟单汇票clean draft 光票bill of lading 提单title to the goods 货物所有权insurance policy 保险单documentary collection 跟单托收documents against payment （D/P）付款交单documents against acceptance（D/A）承兑交单sound 健全；良好with discretion 慎重地；审慎地release 放开gain control over 得到对…的控制objective 目的，目标impeccable 无缺点的bilateral 双边的credit-worthiness 资信unique 独特的security 安全，保障presentation 呈交；提示undertaking 承担applicant 开证申请人opening bank 开证银行beneficiary 受益人correspondent bank 往来行；关系行advising bank 通知行amendment 修改discrepancy 不符confirming bank 保兑行reimburse 付款nominate 指定insufficient 不足的submit提交stipulation 规定expire 满期；到期unit price 单价partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转船seal 印章underlying作为基础的obligation 责任，义务ultimately 最终category 种类fall under 归为…类mechanism 机制clean credit 光票信用证non-trade settlement非贸易结算revocable credit 可撤销信用证irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证certainty 确定程度，肯定程度alter 改变commitment 承担的责任cancel 取消，作废consult with 与、、、协商revoke 撤销consent 同意extensively 广泛地indication 指明，表明confirmed credit 保兑信用证leading bank 主要银行double assurance 双重保障involve 牵涉；涉及sight credit 即期信用证付款revolving credit 循环信用证renew 恢复reinstate 使复原contracting parties 合同各方，缔约各方sustain 遭受，蒙受insolvent 无支付能力的bankrupt 破产的documents 单据take delivery of 提（货）delay 延误，迟延discrepancy 不符conformity 一致，相符description 描述commission 佣金discount 折扣shipping marks 唛头seal 印章；图章signature 签字comply with 符合in general terms 用概括性的词语，用一般性词语表达exceed 超过memos 备忘录，便笺bill of lading 提单carrier 承运人shipper 货主，托运人carriage 运输consignee 收货人notify party 被通知人payable 应支付的，可支付的devoid of 没有，缺少liability 责任；义务airway bill 空运提单cargo receipt 铁路运单，货运收据insurance policy 保险单function 功能；作用the insured 被保险人currency 货币settle 清算；结算fundamental 极其重要的efficiency 效率primitive 原始的in a broad sense 从广义上讲grocery 食品；杂货distinct 与其他明显不同的；独特的natural product provinces 产品自然领域urgency 紧迫；急迫perform 执行；完成carrier 承运人。
自考国际商务英语05844必背商务术语
商务术语1 ………………customs area关税区conversion货币兑换visible trade有形贸易invisible trade无形贸易gross domestic product国内生产总值FDI外国直接投资portfolio investment证券投资stocks股票bonds债券maturity到期certificate of deposit大额存单licensing许可经营franchising特许经营trade mark商标patent专利royalty专利利用费copyright版权management contract治理合同licenser给予许可的人licensee同意许可的人franchiser给予特许的人franchisee同意特许的人value chain价值链turnkey project交钥匙工程BOT建设、经营、移交（Build,Operate,Transfer）2 ………………gross national product (GNP)国民生产总值gross domestic product(GDP)国内生产总值national income国民收入per capita income人均收入per capita GDP人均GDPPPP购买力平价consumerism消费主义income distribution收入散布infrastructure基础设施staple goods大路货invoice开发票creditor country债权国3 ………………economic integration经济一体化free trade area自由贸易区customs union关税同盟tariff rates关税税率settlement结算North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定common market一起市场banknotes circulation货币流通cartel联盟Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)亚太经贸合作组织European Commission欧盟委员会council of ministers部长理事会Dual-Ministerial Meeting双部长会议4 ………………share holders股东economic globalization经济全世界化board of directors董事会inputs投入economic environment经济环境parent company母公司affiliate附属机构day-to-day running日常治理multinational corporation (enterprise)跨国公司home country祖国host country东道国5 ………………services劳务primary commodities低级产品specialization专业化absolute advantage绝对利益comparative advantage比较利益capital资本land and labor土地和劳动6 ………………tariff关税quota配额customs area关税区customs union关税联盟import duties入口关税export duties出口关税ad valorem duty从价税specific duty从量税compound duties混合关税drawback退税most-favored-nation (MFN)最惠国tariff schedule税率表non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒visible trade有形贸易invisible trade无形贸易7 ………………deal交易trade terms贸易术语trading practices贸易老例negotiable可转让的EDI电子数据互换Electronic Data Interchange customs clearance结关dispatch发送发货International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)国际商会roll on-roll off traffic滚装滚卸的Incoterms国际贸易术语negotiable transport document可转让装运单据FOB装运港船上交货CFR本钱加运费CIF本钱、保险费加运费EXW工厂交货FCA货交承运人FAS装运港船边交货CPT运费付至CIP运费、保险费付至DAF边境交货DES目的港船上交货DEQ目的港码头交货DDU未完税后交货DDP完税后交货8 ………………inquiry询盘quotation报价validity period有效期offer出价counter offer还盘offeree收盘人sales (purchase) contract销售（购货）合同sales (purchase) confirmation售货（购货）确认书consignment寄售contracting parties缔约方force majeure不可抗力arbitration仲裁business line业务范围contract proper合同正文article number货号9 ………………counter trade对销贸易hyperinflation极度通货膨胀Reichsbank德国国家银行cross-border contract进出口合同protectionism贸易爱惜主义financial market金融市场clearing system清算系统net positions实际头寸compensation trade补偿贸易trade credit accounts贸易信贷往来账户barter易货贸易counter purchase反向购买，互购buyback贺岁交易vertical垂直centrally planned economies中央打算经济competitive devaluation竞争性贬值Volkswagen公共汽车公司Xerox Corporation施乐公司processing trade加工贸易consignment寄售leasing trade租赁贸易auction拍卖agency代理10 ………………debtor 债务人debit借方financial standing账务状况credit worthiness资信靠得住状况periodic payments分时期付款cash in advance预付现金open account记账交易draft (bill of exchange)汇票drawer 出票人drawee受票人payee受款人usance draft （tenor draft ,term draft）远期汇票documentary draft跟单汇票clean draft光票documentary collection跟单托收documents against payment (D/P)付款交单documents against acceptance (D/P)承兑交单11 ………………applicant开证申请人opening bank开证银行beneficiary受益人correspondent bank关系行，往来行advising bank通知行amendment修改confirming bank保况行reimburse付款unit price单价partial shipment分批装运transshipment 转船the uniform customs and practice of documentary credits跟单信誉证统一老例in favor of支持the carrying vessel装运船只12 ………………clean credit光票信誉证non-trade settlement非贸易结算revocable credit可撤销信誉证irrevocable credit不可撤销信誉证maturity到期confirmed credit保兑信誉证leading bank要紧银行sight credit即期信誉证usance credit远期信誉证capital turnover资金周转face value面值transferable credit可转让信誉证non-transferable credit不可转让信誉证non-draft credit无汇票信誉证discount贴现率deferred payment推延付款revolving credit循环信誉证insolvent无支付能力的13 ………………documents单据take delivery of提（货）commission佣金discount折扣shipping marks唛头bill of lading提单carrier 承运人shipper托运人，货主consignor托运人carriage运输consignee收货人notify party被通知人payable应支付的airway bill空运提单insurance policy (certificate)保险单cargo receipt铁路运单commercial invoice商业发票legal holder合法持有人insurance certificate保险凭证customs invoice海关发票consular invoice领事发票consular visa领事签证shipping advice装船通知certificate of quality品质证书certificate of weight重量证书certificate of quantity数量证书certificate of health健康证书certificate of disinfection消毒证书certificate of origin原产地证书veterinary certificate兽医证书14 ………………documentation文件finished products制成品deregulation解除操纵productivity生产率cost economies节约本钱intermediate products中间产品natural product province产品自然领域inventory存货，库存logistics物流just-in-time inventory system零库存common carrier公共承运人contract carrier 契约承运人private carrier自有承运人15 ………………insured 被保险人insurer承保人claim索赔client顾客margin保证金draw提取，支取jeopardy风险literature文学，高作underwriter保险公司known premium已知的保险费pool统筹的资金cargo insurance货物保险marine insurance海上保险16 ………………port of origin原产地口岸，始发港voidable能够取消的indemnity损失补偿ruin损坏，破坏insurable interest可保险权益terms of sale价钱条件all risks全险principle of utmost good faith最大诚信原那么subrogation取代contribution捐献proximate cause of the loss致使损失的直接缘故forwarding charges交货费用free from particular average单独海损不赔with particular average单独海损补偿17 ………………exchange rate汇率gold standard金本位制peg挂钩，钉住par value平价reserve currency储蓄货币clean float清洁浮动dirty float龌龊浮动discount贴现idle funds游资direct quote直接标价indirect quote间接标价buying rate买入价selling rate卖出价medial rate中间价18 ………………financial resources资金finance提供资金earnings收益private sector私营经济balance of payments国际收支equity investment股权投资grace period优惠期capital infrastructure大体设施资金World Bank Group世界银行集团International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)国际振兴开发银行International Development Association （IDA）国际开发协会International Finance Corporation (IFC)国际金融公司Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)多边投资担保机构19 ………………returns收益customer mobility客户流动inventory存货tax holiday免税期greenfield strategy绿地战略acquisition并购joint venture合伙企业20 ………………investor 投资者securities有价证券finance资金equities股票broker经纪人jobber股票生意经纪人hedge爱惜，防御shortfall亏空shock exchange证券交易所long-term capital长期资本secondary capital market二级资本市场primary capital raising对新发行的有价证券的筹措活动market floor交易场地market maker市场庄家listed market挂牌证券交易市场income tax所得税gilt-edged stocks/securities金边证券options期权cost-effective合算的public sector borrowing requirement公共部门融资缺口books预订value added tax (VAT)增值税institutional investors事业机构投资商21 ………………most-favored nation clause最惠国条款generalized system of preferences普惠制non-discriminate非歧视的contracting party缔约方tariff quota关税配额trade-related贸易相关standard of living生活水平full employment充分就业tariff concession关税减让Uruguay Round乌拉圭回合谈判counter-veiling measures反补助方法anti-dumping反倾销national treatment国民待遇22 ………………escape clauses免责条款United Nations General Assembly联合国大会invisibles无形的non-discrimination principle (principle of non-discrimination treatment)非歧视性原那么terms of trade贸易条件new international economic order国际经济新秩序differential treatment区别对待preferential customs tariffs特惠税transfer of technology技术转让。
江苏省自考5844国际商务英语 单词短语
国际商务 International Business收入水平与世界市场 Income Level and the World Market地区经济一体化 Regional Economic Integration经济全球化 Economic Globalization国际贸易1 International Trade国际贸易2国际贸易术语解释通则 Incoterms 2000商业合同 The Business Contract贸易方式 Modes of Trade国际支付 International Payment信用证1 The Letter of Credit信用证2世界贸易中所需要的主要单据 Major Documents Required in World Trade运输 International Transportation保险1 Insurance保险2国际货币体系和汇率 The International Monetary System and Exchange Rate国际金融机构 International Financial Organizations对外直接投资 Foreign Direct Investment国际证券交易所 The international Stock Exchange世界贸易组织与中国 The World Trade Organization and China联合国贸易与发展委员会 The United Nations conference on Trade and DevelopmentLesson 1 International Business交易 transaction关税区 customs area遵从 in compliance with货币兑换 conversation有形贸易 visible trade转售 resale无形贸易 invisible trade国内生产总值 gross demostic product 缩写为 for short占…比例 account for总部 headquarters陷阱 trap证券投资 portfolio investment股票 stocks债券 bonds到期 maturity大额存单 certificate of deposit而不是 other than许可经营 licensing特许经营 franchising商标 trade mark可行的 advisible专利 patent专利使用费 royalty版权 copyright给予许可的人 licensor接受许可的人 licensee给予特许的人 franchiser接受特许的人franchisee标志 logo管理合同 management contract专门知识 expertise红利\奖金\津贴 bonus一律的,无变动的 flat价值链 value chain承包生产 contract manufacturing交钥匙工程 turnkey project建设\经营\移交 BOT build,operate,transfer 表示\代表 stand for变形\变体 variantLesson 2 Income Level and The World Market 潜力 potential线索 clue国民收入 national income国民生产总值 GNP gross national product人均收入 per capita income大量的\大宗的 bulk购买力平价 PPP消费主义 consumerism收入分布 income distribution经济合作与发展组织 Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 基础设施 infra structure独立国家联合体 Commonwealth of Independent States大路货 staple goods开发 tap半球 hemisphere开发票 invoice避风港 haven促进\刺激 spur债权国 creditor country临近 proximity东南亚国家联盟 ASEAN看法 observationLesson 3 Regional Economic Integration亲历 witness经济一体化 economic integration使自由 liberalize设置障碍 set barriers分成几个部分 fall under自由贸易区 free trade area关税税率 tariff rates北美自由贸易协定 North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) 关税同盟 customs union迂回 detour共同市场 common market使用\采用 adoption欧元 euro侵蚀 erode自治 autonomy主权国家 sovereign state政治实体 political entity为…做准备 set the stage for重要的 monumental地标 landmark签字国\人 signatory结算 settlement纸币\钞票 banknotes货币流通 circulation行政机构 executive body欧盟委员会 European Commission委员\专员 commissoner部长理事会 council of ministers授予权力 empower否决\选举 vote多极化 multi-polarization原则\宗旨 tenet双部长会议 Dual-Ministerial Meeting 分委员会 sub-committee联盟 cartel石油输出国组织 OPECLesson 4 Economic Globalization 全球化 globalization频繁 frequency相互作用的 interactive要素 element价值观 value欢呼 acclaim不利的\反对的 adverse引起争议的 controversial有作用的 instrumental国际化 internationalization设施\设备 facilities把归类 label用\使用 employ资产 assets声称 purport总部 headquarters优势 pre-dominance国际经济环境 international economic environment 两位数字的 double digit继续生存 survial开始\从事 embark on庞大的 gigantic干涉 intervene投入 inputs技术进步 technical improvements获得 derivation日常管理 day-to-day running分散\下放 decentralize操纵\控制 wield权利\管理范围 jurisdiction工具\手段 vehicle对…授权 delegrate power to分支机构 affiliate原动力 moverLesson 5 International Trade 1下定义\解释 define劳务 services分布 disrubution自然资源 natural resources丰富的 abundant缺少 scarce初级产品 primary commodities 刺激 incentive专业化 specializaion构成 constitute剩余的 remainder认为 hold在…方面 in terms of说明 illustrate图表\表格 table假定 assume有效的 efficient发生 occur规律\法则 law即使 even if不利 disadvantage关于 with respect to利用\开发 exploit静止的 static自然的赋予 endowment of nature 现代的 up-to-date直觉的 intuitive吸引力 appeal绝对利益 absolute advantage比较利益 comparative advantageLesson 6 International Trade2 战略的 strategic减少 reduce笨重的\庞大的 bulky易碎的 perishable保护主义的 protectionist障碍 barrier典型的 typical关税 tariffs配额 quota征收\收取 levy巧合\偶合 coincide关税联盟 customs union进口关税 import duties出口关税 export duties按价\从价 ad valorem从量的 specific复税 compound duties退税 drawback偿还\退还 refund最惠国待遇 MFN most-favoured-nation treatment 签字人\国 signatory让步 concession税率表\税则 tariff schedule非关税壁垒 non-tariff barrier强加 impose单方面地 unilaterally标签\记号 label自动的\主动的 voluntary即将到来的 forthcoming运输工具 means of transport内河船只 inland water vessels海洋的 maritime货仓 cargo compartment租 charter舰队 fleet保险 insurance脆弱的 vulnerable碰撞 collision偷窃 pilferage爆炸 explosion古迹 places of historial interest膳宿供应 accommodations移民 immigrant汇款 remittance承担 undertakeLesson 7 Incoterms 2000 环境气氛\风气 climate变坏\衰退 degenerate交易 deal制定 draw up各自的 respective随后的\后来的 subsequent 解释\说明 interpretation 贸易术语 trade terms贸易惯例 trading practices 诉讼 litigation使人承担 entail修正案 amendment增加的条款 addition修改 revise使成一个单位 unitization 海上的 maritime统一\合并 condolidate使得\使成为 render可转让的 negotiable极其重要的 vital凭借那个\借以 whereby生产场所 premises发送\发运 dispatch目的地 distination处理\解决 disposal离开\启程 daparture码头 quay实质性的 substantiveLesson 8 The Business Contract 陈述\阐明 set forth有约束力的 binding可实施的 enforceable起诉 sue商品交易会 trade fairs长途电话 trunk call询盘 enquiry报价 quotation主动地\自愿地 voluntarily必不可少的 indispendable有效期 validity period收盘人 offeree还盘 counter offer无约束力的 unbinding无效的 invalid销售合同 sales contract售货确认书 sales confirmation 构成\结构 setting up寄售 consignment缔约方 contracting parties不可抗力 force majeure仲裁 arbitration棉布 cotton piece goods棉纱 cotton yarns于此 hereby于下 hereunder货号 article number码 yard反面 overleaf漂白 bleachedLesson 9 Modes of Trade对销贸易\反向贸易 counter trade 据说 allegedly现象 phenomenon术语 terminology总称的 generic实际头寸 net positions引证 adduce以经验为根据的 empirical相互的 recprocal极度通货膨胀 hyperinflation逐字地 literally德国国家银行 Reichsbank混乱 disarray概念上地 coceptually竖式地\涉及生产销售全过程地 vertically 欧洲支付联盟 European Payment Union 竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation预先说明 pre-specify实质上 in essence不同时的 intertemporal固定于 be tied to复印机 photocopying machine引起兴趣的 intriguing同时发生地 concurrently一点儿\一部分 a fraction of证实\核实 verify经验丰富的\复杂的 sophisticated避开 bypass专门知识 expertise杠杆作用 leverage开发\开辟 tap掩盖\隐藏 conceal使永久存在 perpetuate加工贸易 processing trade寄售 consignment租赁 leasing代理 agenceLesson 10 International Payment 国内的 domestic状况 status汇款 remittance债务人 debtor将…记入借方 debit账务状况 financial standing资信可靠状况 credit worthiness 违约\默认 default禁止 ban波动 fluctuation犹豫 hesitant可疑 dubious诚实 integrity分阶段付款 periodic payment预付现金 cash in advance汇票 draft汇票 bill of exchange出票人 drawer受票人 drawee受款人 payee远期汇票 usance draft跟单汇票 documentary draft光票 clean draft提单 bill of lading货物所有权 title to the goods发票 invoice保险单 insurance policy跟单托收 documentary collection付款交单 D/P documents against payment 承兑交单 D/A document against acceptance 健全 sound慎重地\审慎地 with discretionLesson 11 The Letter of Credit1放开 release得到对…的控制 gain control over目的\目标 objective无缺点的 impeccable双边的 bilateral资信 credit-worthiness独特的 unique安全\保障 security呈交\提示presentation承担 undertaking开证申请人 applicant开证银行 opening bank受益人 beneficiary往来行\关系行 correspondent bank 通知行 advising bank修改 amendment不符 discrepancy保兑行 confirming bank付款 reimburse指定 nominate提交 submit规定 stipulation满期\到期 expire单价 unit price分批装运 partial shipment转船 transshipment印章 seal作为基础的 underlying责任 obligation最终 ultimately不足的 insufficientLesson 12 The Letter of Credit种类 category归为…类 fall under机制 mechanism光票信用证 clean credit非贸易结算 non-trade settlement 可撤销信用证 revocable credit不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit 确定程度 certainty改变 alter承担的责任 commitment取消,作废 cancel与…协商 consult with撤消 revoke同意 consent广泛地 extensively指明 indication保兑信用证 confirmed credit主要银行 leading bank双重保障 double assurance牵涉\涉及 involve即期信用证 sight credit远期信用证 usance credit正确无误的 impeccable资金周转 capital turnover到期\期满 maturity贴现\折扣 discount面值 face value可转让信用证 transferable credit不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit中间人 middleman无汇票信用证 non-draft credit推迟付款 deferred payment循环信用证 revolving credit恢复 renew使复原 reinstate合同各方,缔约各方 contracting parties遭受 sustain无支付能力的 insolvent破产的 bankruptLesson 13 Marjor Documents Required in World Trade. 单据 documents提货 take delivery of迟延 delay不符 discrepancy一致\相符 conformity描述 description佣金 commission折扣 discount唛头 shipping marks印章 seal签字 signature符合 comply with用概括性的词语 in general terms 超过 exceed备忘录 memos提单 bill of lading承运人 carrier货主 shipper托运人 consignor运输 carriage收货人 consignee被通知人 notify party应支付的 payable没有 devoid of责任 liability空运提单 airway bill铁路运单 cargo receipt保险单 insurance policy功能 funtion被保险人 the insured货币 currency清算\结算 settleLesson 14 International Transportation 极其重要的 fundamental效率 efficiency原始的 primitive从广义上讲 in a broad sense食品\杂货 grocery与其他明显不同的 distinct产品自然领域 natural product provinces 紧迫\急迫 urgency执行\完成 perform承运人 carrier公共承运人 public carrier契约承运人 contract carrier自有承运人 private carrier掌管 adminination区别对待\歧视 discrimination地点 location趋势 tendency独特性\特色 peculiarities严格的 stringent企业家 entrepreneur/enterpriser 中间产品 intermediate product 制成品 finished products引进 introduction每一单位 per-unit抵消 offset社区 community自给自足 self-sefficient交流 intercourse排除 eliminate托运人 shipper有力的 dynamic撤销管制规定 deregulation束缚 shackle存货\库存 inventory零库存 just-in-time inventory 猛力推动 thrust全球化 globalization舞台照明灯光 limelight成熟的 mature作用\影响 impact潜在的 potential物流 logisticsLesson 15 Insurance 1概括的研究\调查 survey被保险人insured转移 transfer承保人 insurer企业\公司 enterprise难以预料\不确定的 uncertainty 损害 damage重新装饰 redecoration损毁…的内部 gut统筹的资金.共同款项 pool保险费 premium境遇\景况 circumstances索赔 claim顾客 client预料 predict准确性 accuracy保证金 margin提取 draw刺激\激励\促进 stimulus紧急需要 emergency危险\风险 jeopardy生存 viability部分 proportion多种方式的 multi-modal一份 share内地 hinterland起服务作用的事物 handmaiden 挖空 scoop给…保险\弥补 coverLesson 16 Insurance2一致\符合 conform附带的\次要的 subsidiary保险单 policy信条 doctrine最大诚信 utmost good faith受诱惑做…事 be tempted to 决定性的 crucial货物原产地港口 port of origin 崭新的 brand-new白金 platinum可使无效的 voidable上下肢 limb非故意的 unintentional损失赔偿 indemnity占用\冻结 tie up分摊 contribution按比例 pro rata福特汽车 Ford car百分比 percentage违反\不履行 breach代位\取代 subrogation疏忽的 negligent减少 diminish交货费用 forwarding charges导致损失的直接原因 proximate cause of the lossLesson 17 The International Monetary System and Exchang Rate 汇率 exchange rate金本位制 gold standard保证 pledge钉住\挂钩 peg平价 par value赎买\把货币兑换为金银 redeem退化 degeneration抵消 offset收缩\合同 contract工具 vehicel波动 fluctuation储备货币 reserce currency交互作用 interaction清洁浮动 clean float肮脏浮动 dirty float贴现 discount反过来也是这样 vice versa筹集 raise控制 curb脆弱的 vulnerable流失\消耗 drain游资 idle funds直接标价 direct quote间接标价 indirect quote买入价 buying quote卖出价 selling quote中间价 medial rateLesson 18 International Financial Organization 多国的 multilateral引导 channel资金 financial resources任捐 subscribe提供资金 finance保存 retain收益 earnings宽限 grace详细说明 spell out有条件被选中的\合格的 eligible 标准 criterion捐助 subscription补充资金 replenishments到期 maturity调动\动员 mobilize必备条件 prerequisite使命 mandate减轻 mitigation实施 implementation发起\举办 sponsor设施 facilities幸福\福利 well-being使成一体 integrate人口计划 population-planning 营养 nutrition基石 cornerstone严格的 stringent一份 tranche周期性的 cyclical备用的 standby胡乱的 random储备金 reserve长期不变的\固定的 permanentLesson 19 Foreign Direct Investment 以…方式 whereby直觉的 instinctive收益\利润 returns貌似有理的 plausible牵强的 far-fetched饮料 beverage综合的 integrated金枪鱼 tuna罐头食品厂 cannery制药的 pharmaceutical生物遗传学 biogenetics生物工艺学 biotechnology几乎 next to大众汽车 Volkswagon客户流动 customer mobility存货 inventory减到最低限度 minimize起作用 be at work绕开 get around免税期 tax holiday减少 rebate刺激 incentive能很好说明问题的 illustrating过时的 outmoded招聘人员 recruit并购 acquisition白手起家 start from scratch合资企业 joint venture母公司\总公司 parent根深蒂固的 entrench协同作用 synergy陷阱 pitfallLesson 20 The International Stock Exchange 投资者 investor有价证券 securities途径 channel资金支援 finace法令 statute股票 equities筹资 raise指数 indices金边债券 gilt永久的 abiding经纪人 broker股票买卖经纪人 jobber维护 uphold已确立的 well-established实施 enforcement严格的 rigorous资格 qualifications管理 govern常务委员会 standing committee监督 oversee执行纪律 discipine违反 in breach of标准 criteria增值税 VAT value added tax亏空\不足 shortfall保护\防御 hedge基本的\根本的 underlying将…选为新的成员 co-opt开业者 practitioner专门知识 expertise先进的 sophisticatedLesson 21 The World Trade Organization and China加入 accession to追溯到 be traced back to争议 controversy流产的 stillborn管道 sonduit框架 framework普惠制 GSP generalized system of preferences 不加区别的 non-discriminate赞助 auspices长期曲折的 protracted前任 predecessor积累的 cumulative方面 dimension最优的 optimal实体 entiry与贸易有关的 trade-related完全合格的 full-fledged两年一次的 biennial影响 clout裁决 verdict职权 mandate关税减让 tariff concession回报 reciprocate回合 round类似的 akin to制度力量 institutional strength缔约方\国 contracting party门栏 threshold漫长的\曲折的 protracted热门的\时兴的 topical临时的 interim万亿 trillion反补贴措施 counter-veiling measures反倾销 anti-dumping国民待遇 national treatment三倍于 triple关税配额 tariff quotaLesson 22 The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 反复的 perennial宣告\宣布 proclaim召集 convene联合国经济与社会理事会 ECOSOC公开讨论的论坛 forum规划 formulate恶化 deteriorate下降 decline贸易条件 terms of trade求助于 invoke使逃避约束的 escape免责条款 escape clauses不充分的 inadequate兴旺 prosperity领土 territory增加 step up剥削 exploitation殖民地 colony起草\草拟 draft行动纲领 action programme 供他们使用 at their disposal 程序的 procedural机构\机关 organ会议 conference优先权 preference。
2023年10月自考05844国际商务英语试题及答案含评分标准
㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀绝密 考试结束前2023年10月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码:05844㊀㊀1.请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上㊂㊀㊀2.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1.customs invoice2.trade terms3.idle funds4.hyperinflation5.inventory6.face value7.value chain8.affiliate 9.premium 10.balance of payments Ⅱ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)11.贸易惯例12.债务人13.报价14.贴现15.货号16.有价证券17.关税配额18.特许经营19.反向购买20.缔约方浙05844#国际商务英语试题第1页(共3页)Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)21.discrepancy22.turnkey contract23.integration24.liability25.revenuemercial intercourse27.remedy28.devaluation29.drawee30.drawer a.the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currenciesb.method of putting right something that is wrong.c.the person who issues a draft,usually the exporterd.business dealings between individuals or firmse.one in which one of the parties agrees to supply,at the contract price,a complete product ready for use,such as a new home, factory,etc.bining into a wholeg.the total annual income of a stateh.what one is responsible for according to lawi.the person to whom a draft is drawnj.difference;absence of agreementⅣ.Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)31.anti-dumping32.absolute advantage33.buyback34.documents against acceptance35.PPPⅤ.Answer the following questions in English.(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)36.How does WTO differ from GATT?37.What are the factors that have changed the transportation industry?38.What are the two types of business negotiations?39.Please describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese.(本大题共2小题,第40小题7分,第41小题8分,共15分)40.The bulk of international trade is done in the general mode of buying and selling of goods and services by means of money and the market.Under specific conditions,however,special modes of transactions may be adopted to better realize one s business purposes.浙05844#国际商务英语试题第2页(共3页)41. Letter of credit is often shortened as L/C,and is sometimes referred to as banker s credit , or commercial credit .Modern credits were introduced in the second half of the19th century and had great development after the First World War.The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents.Ⅶ.Translate the following into English.(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分)42.外汇汇率有三种形式,即:买进汇率㊁售出汇率和两者的平均值 中间汇率㊂43.国外直接投资主要有三种形式:建立新企业㊁购买现有设备和建立合资公司㊂44.国家从事的贸易种类是多样的㊁复杂的,往往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合㊂45.许多人欢呼经济全球化带来的好处,但同时也有强烈的反对声音㊂46.如果信用证可以由原受益人转让给另一个或几个人,那么这种信用证即为可转让信用证㊂浙05844#国际商务英语试题第3页(共3页)绝密 启用前2023年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试国际商务英语试题答案及评分参考(课程代码㊀05844)Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1.海关发票2.贸易术语3.游资4.极度通货膨胀5.库存6.面值7.价值链8.分支机构9.保险费10.国际收支ʌ评分标准ɔ译文正确或基本正确得1分,否则不得分㊂Ⅱ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)11.trading practices12.debtor13.quotation14.discount15.article number16.securities17.tariff quota18.franchising19.counter purchase20.contracting partyʌ评分标准ɔ译文正确或基本正确得1分,否则不得分㊂Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)21.j22.e23.f24.h25.g26.d27.b28.a29.i30.cʌ评分标准ɔ信息匹配正确得1分,否则不得分㊂国际商务英语试题答案及评分参考第1页(共3页)Ⅳ.Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)31.anti-dumping:One form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industriesfrom unfair competition(1分)by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured.(1分)32.absolute advantage:The theory of absolute advantage holds that a commodity will beproduced(1分)in the country where it costs least in terms of resources.(1分) 33.buyback:An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment(1分)to take back in thefuture part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.(1分) 34.documents against acceptance:Documents are handed over to the importer upon hisacceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter.(1分)Payment will not be made until a later date.(1分)35.PPP:purchasing power parity(2分)ʌ评分标准ɔ(1)释义正确且无语言错误者得2分㊂(2)释义基本正确,但有一些语言错误者得1分㊂(3)释义错误或不答题者不得分㊂Ⅴ.Answer the following questions in English.(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分) 36.Firstly,the GATT is only an agreement rather than an organizational entity while the WTOis a permanent organization.(2分)Secondly,the WTO has a much broader mandate.(1分)Thirdly,the WTO has far greater enforcement power and it has a clearly defined dispute settlement mechanism.(2分)37.Four factors:transportation deregulation;(1分)just-in-time inventory systems;(1分)competition based on high levels of customer service;(2分)globalization of business.(1分) 38.Two types of business negotiation:Oral negotiation refers to direct discussions conducted attrade fairs or by sending trade groups abroad or by inviting foreign customers.(2.5分) Written negotiation often begins with enquiries made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered.(2.5分)39.The characteristics of MNEs are given as follows:1)MNEs are generally enormous in size;(1.5分)2)Wide geographical spread is also characteristic of MNEs;(1.5分)3)Another general characteristic of MNEs is their longevity and rapid growth.(2分)ʌ评分标准ɔ(1)回答正确,语言准确或有个别小错误,得5分㊂(2)回答正确,但有少量语言错误,得4分㊂(3)回答基本正确,但有一些语言错误,得3分㊂(4)回答基本正确,但有一些严重语言错误,得1-2分㊂(5)回答错误或不答则为0分㊂国际商务英语试题答案及评分参考第2页(共3页)Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese.(本大题共2小题,第40小题7分,第41小题8分,共15分)40.大部分国际贸易都是通过货币和市场,(2分)以买卖商品和服务的形式进行的㊂(2分)然而在某些特定情况下,(1分)也会采取一些特殊贸易方式以更好地实现自己的商业目的㊂(2分)41.信用证经常简写为L/C,(1分)有时被称为 银行信用证 或者 商业信用证 ㊂(1分)现代信用证出现于19世纪后半叶,(1分)第一次世界大战后得到了较大发展㊂(1分)信用证是银行在进口商的要求下所签发的信函,(2分)在此函中,银行承诺在卖方提交有关单据后付款㊂(2分)ʌ评分标准ɔ(1)意思正确,语言准确,仅有个别小错,得满分7或8分㊂(2)意思正确,但有少量语言错误,得6-7分㊂(3)意思基本正确,但有少量语言错误,得4-5分㊂(4)意思基本正确,但有一些严重语言错误,得1-3分㊂(5)意思不正确或不答题则为0分㊂Ⅶ.Translate the following into English.(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分) 42.There are three types of foreign exchange price,(2分)namely:the buying rate,(1分)the selling rate(1分)and the average of the previous two the medial rate.(1分) 43.FDI is mainly practiced in three forms:(2分)building new enterprises,(1分)purchasing existing facilities(1分)and forming joint ventures.(1分)44.The kinds of trade nations engage in(2分)are varied and complex,(1分)often amixture of visible and invisible trade.(2分)45.While many people are acclaiming the benefits brought about by economic globalization,(3分)there are also loud voices of opposition.(2分)46.If a credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties,(3分)it isa transferable credit.(2分)ʌ评分标准ɔ(1)翻译正确,无语言错误,得5分㊂(2)翻译基本正确,但有个别小的语言错误,得4分㊂(3)翻译基本正确,但有语言错误,其中一些为严重错误,得2-3分㊂(4)翻译与原意出入较大,且语言严重错误,得1分㊂(5)翻译错误或不答则为0分㊂国际商务英语试题答案及评分参考第3页(共3页)。
05844 自考国际商务英语复习资料
05844 自考国际商务英语复习资料lesson 1 International Business1.International business国际贸易Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders ofdifferent customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.2.Visible trade有形贸易The form of commodity trade. i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one countryfor consumption or resale in another.3.Invisible trade无形贸易The form of service trade. i.e. transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc.4. Franchise特许An arrangement by which an monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.Franchising特许经营A special form of licensing. A firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logo, and operating techniques for royalty.5. Licensor 给予许可的人A person or a company granting a licenceLicensing许可经营/国际许可A firm lease the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such as trademarks, brand names, patents, copyright or technology.6. Non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒All forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7. Portfolio证券The entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.8. Turnkey contract交钥匙工程One in which one of the parties agree to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.9. Contract manufacturing承包生产A firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain.11. Major differences between international business and domestic business.Ans: Differences in (1) legal system (2) currencies(3) cultural background:language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.(4) natural and economic conditions,12. Major types of international businessAns: (1) trade : A. commodity trade B. service trade(2) Investment :(difference)A. foreign direct investment (FDI外国直接投资)(is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.)B. portfolio investment 证券投资(refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.)(3) other types: A. licensing & franchising(in comparison with the relation between the licenser and licensee, franchiserhas more control over and provide more support for the franchisee.)B. management contract &contract manufacturingC. turnkey project & BOT(making profit from operating the project for a period )13. Why do firms choose licensing as a means of entering a foreign market? Ans:(1) do not have to make cash payments to start business ;(2) receive income in the form of royalty;(3) benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership ormanagement.14. Under what condition is management contract most applicable? Ans: When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers tobe of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation. A foreign companyto operate in the industry without owning the assets.Lesson 2 Income Level and the World Market1. PPP购买力平价--purchasing power parityPurchasing power购买力 of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.2.Recipient接受者 a person or an organization etc. that receives something.3. Infrastructure基础设施large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications,etc. Needed to support economic activity, esp.industry, trade and commerce.4. GNP---refer to the market value of goods and services produced by the property andlabor owned by the resident of an economy.(国民生产总值)(focuses on ownership of the factors of production)GDP---refer to the market value of all goods and services produced within thegeographic area of an economy.(国内生产总值)(concentrates on the place where production take place),5. Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into 3 categories:(1) high-income countries (per capita income of $9,386 and above):A. OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)B. Rich oil producing countries of the Middle East (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia &Arab Emirates)C. Small-industrialized countries or regions (Israel, Singapore, HK and Taiwan)(2) middle-income countries (per capita income bellow $9,386 but above $765 )A. 6 OECD members ( Czech, Greece, Hungary, Mexico and Turkey )B. -a. Some Latin American countries-b. Some Asia countries (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand)-c. Some South African and oil-producing countries (Libya, Nigeria, Algeria)(3) low-income countries (per capita incomes of only $765 or even less)Include: most African countries, some Asia countries and a few Latin American countries.6. High-income countries often have :(1)good infrastructure (2)high purchasing power (3)advanced technology(4)efficient management(5)favorable environment for trade and investmentA. Offer prime markets for expensive consumer goodsB. Are both attractive sources and destinations of investment7. Low-income countries should not be neglected in international business activities:(1) lower-priced staple goods (2) cheap labor(3) are often rich in resources (4)market is something to be developed8. In what way, GDP&per capita income significant in assessing(评估)the potential of aparticular market:(1)GDP is important in market assessment for durable equipment耐用设备or bulk goods大宗货物, such as grain谷物, steel, or cement水泥. (indicates the overall size of an economy)(2)Per capita income is important when marketing consumer durables.(reveals the average incomelevel of consumers)9. China with a per capita income of over $1,100 is a middle-income countriesthough is was a low income countries just a few years ago.10. The best policy for China to develop business opportunities iswherever advantageous while keeping in mind the key markets.11. Triad ---refers to the 3 richest region of the world ( the United States, the EU and Japan).Quad- --extend the scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadenedgrouping Quad.12.OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)经济合作发展组织headquarters in Paris, established in 1963, have 29members (23members are high-income countries& 6 middle-income countries).Lesson 3 Regional Economic Intergration1. Major objective of regional integrationTo better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, countries have signed various agreement to liberalize trade among themselves while putting up barriers toeconomic activities with non-members.,2. The characteristics of a common market(1)Free trade area自由贸易区members of a free trade removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders.(different members may have different tariff rates or quota restrictions.)The most notable(largest market)free trade area is NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement), formed by the United Stated, Canada, Mexico in 1991.(2)Customs union 关税同盟by adopting(采取)the same trade policy for all members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing(废除)trade barriers among themselves.(It's impossible for non-members to get into the market of the customs union in a detour(以迂回方式)as they possibly do in the case of trade with a free trade area.)(3)Common market共同市场the European Community remained a common market for some years in the pastA. Free movement of goods and servicesB. Adoption of common external trade policyC. Free movement of the factor of production (such as labor, capital, and technology)It's hard to say individual members will always benefit, still less to expect them to enjoy the advantage of factor mobility to the same degree.(4)Economic union 经济同盟A. is characterized by integration of the domestic policies of its members in respect of economy,finance etc. in addition to absence of trade barriers, practice of common external policy and freeproduction factor mobility.(not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies,etc.but also use the same currency. )B. the member countries are require to surrender some of their national sovereignty, which is erodingthe tradition of the world political system based on the autonomy and supreme power of sovereign states.3. The development of EU(the European Union)欧盟:1952---ECSC (the European Coal and Steel Community)For more ambitious integration efforts.1957---EEC (the European Economic Community)Treaty of Rome ---signedAim to realizing the free movement of goods, services, labor and capital as well asharmonization of economic policies of the member countries.1967---EC (the European community)became a ture common market as evisaged by --the Single European Actformed by emrging EEC, ECSC and EURATOM(the European Atomic Energy Community)1994---EU--the strength of the Maastricht Treaty---12members(6signatories of the Treaty of Rome :France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg +1973. Britain, Island and Denmark + 1981. Greece + 1986.Spain and Portugal)1995---15members (+Austria, Finland and Sweden)1999---use the common European currency for accounting and settlement2002---euro banknotes and coin were put into circulation.,4. The EU is a full-fledged(齐全的) entity.---composed of 20commissioners overseeing 23departments in charge of different affairs.---the commissioners appointed by member governments, but the commissioners are responsible tothe Union instead of their home country.(1)The Council of Ministers is the most powerful institution.A. has the final say on all important mattersB. has the power to pass legislationC. decision are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size.D. different ministers attend the council meetings depending on the matters discussed.(2)The European Parliament is an advisory body with limited power.A. vote EU membership application and trade agreements with non-members.B. believed that will be more powerful in the future.5. APEC(the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经合组织set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in Australian capital Canberra. 1991,attended by 12members.(1) 21members:all the major Pacific Rim countries and regions.(2) has a five-layer organization structureA. the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders---held annuallyB. the Dual-Ministerial Meeting ---attended by foreign ministers and ministers in chargeof foreign trade (excluding Chinese Taipei and HK)C.the Meeting for Ministers Responsible for TradeD.the Senior Officials Meetings(SOM)--attended by vice ministers, departmental directors or ambassadors to implement(执行) decisions by economicleaders and ministerial meeting.E.four subordinate committees under SOMmittee of Trade and Investmentb.Economic Committeec.Economic and Technical Cooperation Subcommittee of SOMd.Budget Management Committee(3)the tenet and objectives---(by the Seoul Declaration)" inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system andreduction of regional trade barriers."(4)"the two wheels of APEC"(APEC co-operation concentrates on)A. trade and investment liberation and facilitation (TILF)B. economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH)6.OPEC(the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)欧佩克--the most influential commodity cartel(account for 40%of the global oil production)(1)composed of 13members established in 1960 with headquarters at Vienna.(2)tried to limit the overall crude oil supply(原油供应) of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices.,Lesson 4 Economic Globalization1. Economic Globalization经济全球化 as a objective trend(1)The basic featurefree flow of commodity, capital, technology, service, :and information in the context for optimized allocation优化配置Major role:A. Giving new impetus动力 and providing opportunities to world economic development.B. Making the various economies more and more interdependent相互依赖and interactive相互影响.(2)The pros and cons: different countries and peoples do not enjoy balanced benefitsA. enables countries benefit from the boom of other countriesB. makes them more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.the best policy for us isto follow the trend closely, availing 利用the opportunities it offer todevelop ourselves and avoiding its possible impacts.2. Multinational enterprise (MNE)跨国企业A business organization which owns (whether wholly or partly), controls and manages assets, oftenincluding productive resources, in more that one country, through its member companies incorporated 有限公司separately in each of these countries.Each member company is known as a multinational corporation(MNC)跨国公司.(1)If the MNC is established as a result of investments by the MNE, whether through the parent or through another of its already established MNC, it is an affiliate MNC.(2)If the MNC is the original investment corporation,it is known as the parent MNC, normally alsothe international headquarters of the MNE.(3)An MNE may also have various regional or operational headquarters, in addition to itsinternational headquarters.3. The characteristics of MNE(1)enormous size(2)wide geographical spread (play an important role and why?)A. have a wide range of option in terms of decisions in areasB.take advantage of changes in the international economic environmentC.engage in worldwide integrated production and market giving rise to extensive intra-MNE transactions Bcs: in order to the security of its profits, assets, organization and operations.(3) longevity and rapid growth4. Commonly objective of MNE(needs, goals, and roles)(1) profit ---the profits goal represents the basic needs of the MNEs' shareholders(2) securityA.the security in the short-and-long-runB.the security of the MNE's assets and investmentC.the security of other organizational needsa. a favorable business environmentb. supplies of raw materials and other resource inputsc. effective organizational control and managementd. transportation and communicatione. technical improvementsf. employees including managers(3)as vehicles for cross-border transfer of resources,5. The relationship between MNEs &their host countriesHost government can and do wield power over MNCs located within their territories. MNCs areunder the legal jurisdiction of their host governments which can impose various rules, regulations and laws on the MNCs to the extent of nationalizing all their assets.6. 4 types of MNCs---according to their organization and way of operation(1)multi-domestic corporations a group of relatively independent subsidiaries. ---i(2)the global corporations-iews the world market as an integrated whole. --vPower and responsibility are concentrated at the headquarters that manage production and marketing to achieve theeconomies of scale as much as possible.(3)the transnational corporation--aim to achieve both efficiency and flexibility, the activities and resources are integrated in an interdependent network of affiliates.(4)world company--as their national identities are blurred to a large extent. -Very few companies reached this level of internationalization.When such companies increasing and become dominating, the possibility of conflicts among sovereign states may begreatly reduced. Possibly they will be instrumental to the realization of complete globalization.Lesson 5 --6 International Trade1. International trade国际贸易Is defined as the exchange of goods and service produced in one country with those produced inanother.2. Other reasons for international trade:(1)the uneven distribution of natural resources among countries(2)International specialization国际生产专门化A.absolute advantage绝对利益/绝对优势(理论)---holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms ofresources(capital, land, and labor.)---In reality, it is not rare that one country has no absolute advantage in any commodity.parative advantage比较优势(理论)---holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodity, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.---it can make one country better off好转 without making another worse off恶化.The first country should specialize in the production, and export of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantageis smaller, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater.a.introduced by the English economist David Ricardo.b.not a static静止的 concept.(a)Switzerland--watchmaking (b)the United States--the most up-to-date technology.c.the cornerstone基石 of modern thinking on international trade.3. Primary commodities初级货物those commodities not processed, not only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw material.3. Other bases for trade among countries(1)patterns of demand(2)economy of scale(i.e. The cost advantage of large-scale production)The cost for the production will decrease if the goods are produced on a larger scale.(3)innovation or style,4. The theory of international specialization and other bases for trade seeks to answer thequestion:Which countries will produce what goods, with what trade patterns among them.5. The reasons for complete specialization may never occur(1)for strategic or domestic reasons.a country may continue to produce goods for which does not have an advantage.(2)affected by transport cost.( the cost of transport reduces the benefit of trade,like bulky or perishable goods)(3)protectionist measures which are often taken by governments.6.Tariff barriers关税壁垒---are the most common form of trade restriction.7.Tariff关税---is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area.8.customs area关税区---usually coincides with the area of a country.9.customs union关税同盟---is a customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations.10.Import duties进口税--are tariffs levied on goods entering an area.(more common) (1)specificduty--duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods.(2)ad valorem duty--duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods.(3)compound duty--the combination of specific duty&ad valorem duty.11.Export duties出口税--are tariffs levied on goods leaving an area.Coz. Most nations want to expand exports and increasing their foreign exchange earnings.12.drawback退税refers to duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.13.MFN(the most-favoured-nation)treatment最惠国待遇refers to a tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariffconcessions granted to any participating country.It is not really special but is just normal trading status. It gives a country the lowest tariffs only within the tariff'sschedule, is still possible to have lower tariffs.14.Quotas配额or quantitative restrictions数量限制the most common form of non-tariff barriers.A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time.The limits may be in quantity or value terms, and quotas may be on a country basis or global, without reference to countries.15.Visible trade--involves the import and export of goods.16.Invisible trade--involves the exchange of services between countries.(1)transportation service运输服务(2)insurance保险(Lloyd's of London is a leading exporter of this service)(3)tourism旅游(4)immigrant remittance移民汇款 ---refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land.,Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000《2000通则》1. The necessity and purpose of having Incoterms(1)eliminate any possibility of misunderstanding and subsequent dispute.(2)to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade termsin foreign trade.2. The revision of Incoterms took account of changes in transportation techniques.3. The 1990 revision of Incoterms was the desire to adapt terms to the increasing use of electronicdata interchange(EDI).It is of vital importance, when using EDI messages, to ensure that the buyer has the same legal position as he wouldhave obtained if he had received a bill of lading from the seller.4. The reasons for the 2000 revision of Incoterms(1)the spread of customs-free zones(2)changes in transportation practices(3)increasing use of electronic communication5.Incoterms 2000E terms---the seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises.(1)EXW---Ex work工厂交货F terms---the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer.(2)FCA---Free Carrier货交承运人(3)FAS---Free Alongside Ship装运港船边交货(4)FOB---Free On Board装运港船上交货C terms--the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss of or damage tothe goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch.(5)CFR---Cost and Freight成本加运费(6)CIF--- Cost, Insurance and Freight成本、保险加运费(7)CPT---Cost Paid To 运费付至(8)CIP---Carriage and Insurance Paid To运费、保险费付至D terms---the seller has bear all costs and risk needed to bring the goods to the country ofdestination.(9)DAF---Delivered At Frontier边境交货(10)DES---Delivered Ex Ship目的港船上交货(11)DEQ---Delivered Ex Quay目的港码头交货(12)DDU---Delivered Duty Unpaid未完税交货(13)DDP---Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货6. The substantive实质性的changes made with Incoterms 2000:(1)the customs clearance and payment of duty obligations under FAS and DEQ.(2)the loading and unloading obligation under FCA.,Lesson 8 Business Contract1.Contract合同is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued andforced to make compensation, though most contract do not give rise to disputes.2.Business negotiation交易磋商: A legitimate contract can be either in written or oral form. (1)Oral---refers to direct discussion conducted:A.at trade affairsB.by sending trade groups abroadC.by inviting foreign customers(2)WrittenA. Enquiry询盘 ---is made without engagement on the part of the enquirer.a. made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity,specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.b. a first enquiry should be given, so as to facilitate the exporter's work:(a)how the name& address of the exporter have been obtained,(b)the business line and usual practice of the importer.B. Quotation报价---may be sent by the exporter which should include all the necessary informationrequired by the enquiry. Sometimes, the exporter may make an offer to an importer voluntarily. C.Offer and acceptance发盘与接受a firm offer---is a promise to sell goods at a stated price.The validity period is indispensable必不可少的.is open untill a stipulated time or it's accepted or rejected.made of :a. the time of shipmentb.the mode of payment desiredc.an exact description of the goods: quantity, quality, specifications, packing etc. D.Counter-offer还盘---is a refusal of the offer, the offeree may find part of the offer unacceptable and may raise for further discussions his own proposals. (the price, terms of payment, time of shipment, or otherterms and conditions of the offer.)Trade is considered concluded once an offer or a counter-offer is accepted.3. The necessity of the written contractis prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution.4. The types of contracts(1)sales contract--the contract is made by the seller(2)purchase contract--the contract is made by the buyer(3)sales/purchase confirmation--is less detailed than a contact, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. Usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.5. The setting of a contract(1)the title(2)the contract proper合同正文&address of the buyer and the sellerB.details of the commodity transactionC.terms and conditions mutually agreedD. Indication of the number of original copies, languages used, and the validity. (3)The signatures of the contracting parties(4)the stipulations规定on the back of the contractA.the shipping documents requiredB.force majeureC.arbitration仲裁D.claims理赔,,Lesson 9 Modes of Trade1.counter trade对销贸易--is a peculiar form of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally planned economies. It has become the generic term of describe a set of cross-border contracts that link a seller's exports to imports from the buyer.original:the pre-World War ? years the Reichsbank agreed to establish a clearing system that permitted traditional trade flows between Germany and the Balkans to continue.development:during the World War ?Britain use bilateral arrangements, West Europe setting up the European Payment Union. Subsequently,the countries of centrally planned economies(like Finland)trade credit accounts between familiar trading partners exchanged unrelated goods.In the 1970s and 1980s, counter trade partner are not necessarily familiar partner and goods exchanged are sometimes vertically related.2.The 3forms of counter trade(1)Barter易货贸易The direct exchange of goods and services which is completed in a short period of time.(2)Counter purchase互购贸易An intertemporal不同时的direct exchange of goods and services. Usually stipulated to be fulfilled within a given period of time.(3)Buyback回购贸易/补偿贸易An arrangement by an exporter or plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output product by these goods as full or partial payment.3.The 2difference between counter purchase and buyback(1)in buyback the goods and services taken back are tied to the original goods exportedbut not in counter purchase.(2)a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than counter purchase.4.The features common to the 3forms of counter trade is bundling互相捆绑.Bundling--means the exchanges of goods and services are bundled together. (the exchanges are implemented either concurrently同时地or intertemporally不同时地)Unbundling greatly facilitates transaction and allow more efficient economic exchanges.5.The 5advantages in counter trade:(1)helps a country to deal with foreign exchange shortages; (2)promote exports;(3)reduce uncertainty regarding export receipts;(4)bypass an international price agreement(5)helps countries with debt problems to import goods.6.The drawbacks of counter trade:(1)concealing the real prices and costs of transactions . (2)company may suffer losses bcz they could not get rid of products of poor quality. (3)be considered as a form of protectionism.7.Other modes of trade:(1)processing trade加工贸易(2)consignment寄售(3)leasing trade租赁贸易(4)agency代理,,Lesson 10 International Payment1.Mutual trust is hard to build. purchase and sale of goods and service are carried out beyond national boundaries, which makes it rather difficult for the parities concerned in the transaction to。
英语本科自考【复习资料】05844国际商务英语(词汇部分 )
国际商务英语复习题库unit one International businessI .Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.commercial risk 贸易风险opportunity cost 机会成本absolute advantage 绝对优势intellectual property 人才资源1.visible trade有形贸易2. credit inquiry信用调查3. letter of credit信用证4.balance of trade贸易顺差5.sales contract销售合同 6.bill of lading提单7.consular invoice领事发票8. draft汇票1.counter-offer 还盘2.firm-offer 实盘3.enquiry 询盘4.offeror 发盘人5. cooperative negotiation 合作谈判6.offer without engagement 虚盘7.acceptance 承兑1.insurance premium 保险费2.certificate of origin 原产地证书3.metric ton 公吨4. inland freight 内陆运费5. FOB Under T ackle FOB 吊钩下交货1. cost structure 费用结构2. cost of production 生产成本3.profit margin 利润率4. selling cost 销售费用1.liner transport 班轮运输2. sea waybill 海运提单3. shipper 托运人4. shipping marks 运输标志5. war risks 战争险6. natural calamity 自然灾害7.total loss 全损8. sue and labor expenses 施救费用1. promotion 促销2.international marketing 国内营销3.product differentiation 产品差异化4. sociocultural factors 社会文化因素5. market structure 市场结构1. financial instruments 金融工具2. crossing cheque 划线支票3. sight bill 即期票据4. commercial invoice 商业发票5. shipping documents 船运单据6. consular invoice 领事发票7. insurance policy 保单1.remitting bank 汇出行2. consignment 寄售3.D/P 即期付款交单4. D/A 承兑交单5. credit assessment 信用评估6. performance guarantee 履行合同保证金7. overdraft guarantee 账号透支保函1.export commodities fairs 出口商品交易会II. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.国际商务international business 商业借贷commercial credit 双重征税double taxation 世贸组9.trade barrier贸易壁垒10.tariff关税11.export trade出口贸易12.letter of credit信用证13. transit trade过境贸易14.entrepot trade转口贸易15.certificate of origin原产地证书8.询盘enquiry 9. 还盘counter-offer 10.受盘人offered 11.发盘人offeror 12.虚盘offer without engagement 13. 实盘firm-offer6. 技术转让technological transfer7.内河航运inland water transportation8. 贸易协定trade agreement5.支付货币money of payment6. 硬货币hard 6. 市场细分market segmentation7.营销战略marketing strategy8. 消费者行为customer behavior9. 营销组合marketing mix 10.营销环境marketing environment 11. 目标市场target market12.营销研究market research currency 7.汇率exchange rate 8. 折扣discount9.期货/现货市场spot market9. 物权凭证document of title 10. 清洁提单clean bill of lading 11. 投保人policy-holder 12. 共同海损general average 13. 水渍险WPA ( with particular average)8. 价格术语term of price 9. 本票promissory note 10. 背书endorsement 11. 承兑人acceptor12. 受票人drawee 13. 商业单据commercial documents 14.提单bill of lading 15. 原产地证明certificate of origin 16.海关发票customs invoice10. 保兑行confirming bank 11. 议付行negotiating bank 12. 国际保理international factoring13. 银行保函bank guarantee 14. 光票托收clean collection 15规格、明细单specificationIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.31.AQSIQ is abbreviation for The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局（简称国家质检总局）p29（卷一）32. international trade, also known as world trade or overseas trade, is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.P1733 Balance of trade indicates the balance between the export value and the import value in a given period.P20（卷四）34.Incoterms is abbreviation for International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 国际贸易术语解释通则P21（卷二）35. A packing list is a document made out by the seller stating the detailed content of each individual shipment.P33 (卷三）IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.31.positional bargaining is based on fixed, opposing viewpoints and tends to result in compromise or no agreement at all 立场型谈判P46（卷一）32 Contract P65 A contract is an agreement that creates an obligation, which is a binding, legally enforceable agreement between two or more competent parties.33.offer with engagement P61 is the kind of offer, in which the offeror's intention of making a contract is definitely indicated, and under which the offeror cannot revoke or amend what he has offered during the validity of the offer.IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.FOB--- free on board (d port of shipment)CIF---P83 cost, insurance and freight (d port of destination) 成本加保险费加运费（指定目的港）CIP--- P89 carriage and insurance paid to (d place of destination)运费，保险费付至IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.customs duties P112 are taxes imposed by a government on the import or export of products or services, whose cost factors must be taken into account by the exporter when he prices his products.（卷一）marginal cost P115 is the variable costs per unit of the production 边际成本，是增加一单位（output) 随即而产生的成本增加，其等于总成本的变化量除以对应产量的变化量。
国际商务英语05844江苏自考汉译英
国际商务英语05844江苏自考汉译英国际商务英语05844江苏自考汉译英LESSON 1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS国际商务1. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic countries.2. 随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。
因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3. 其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.4. 国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。
International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.5. 除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
国际商务英语学科考试复习要点(L1-L2)
国际商务英语学科考试复习要点Lesson 1 International Business商务术语：FDI GDP BOT patent copyright value chain franchising考点：国际商务贸易的主要类型（major types of international business）A．Trade（贸易）：a. commodity trade (商品贸易,也叫有形贸易visible trade )b. service trade (服务贸易, 也叫无形贸易invisible trade)B. Investment (投资): a. foreign direct investment (FDI 外国直接投资)b. portfolio investment (证券投资)C. Other types (其他类型): a. licensing and franchising (国际许可与特许经营)b. management contract and contract manufacturing (管理合同和承包生产)翻译练习:1.随着经济全球化的发展,无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占的比例也逐渐增大With the development of economic globalization, invisible trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the world trade even in the developing countries2.BOT是“交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey projectLesson 2 Income Level and the World Market商务术语:GNP PPP ( purchasing power parity 购买力平价) Staple goods (大路货)creditor country ( 债权国)考点:国民生产总值和国内生产总值(GNP 和GDP)GNP: refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economyGDP: refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Per capita income (人均收入): It is calculated by dividing its national income by its population Triad and Quad (三方组合和四方组合): A. United StatesB. Western EuropeC. JapanD. Canada翻译练习:1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值体现了一个国家的全部收入,在衡量国民收入方面可以互换使用。
《国际商务英语》重点复习资料
祝您学业、事业成功！《国际商务英语》复习资料Lesson 1♦In compliance with: in conformity to♦For short: in abbreviation♦Portfolio (n.): securities♦Franchise (vt.): authorize the privilege to sb.♦Lease (vt. / n.): rent ~ sth. to sb.house ~, long-term ~♦Royalty (n.): a share in the profit made from intellectual property♦Advisable (adj.): proper, good, wise-- It’s not ~ to make him angry.♦Access to sth.: the right to use sth.have / gain ~ to sth.-- Only staffs have access to the backstage.♦Participate (vi.): attend, take part in~ in some activity♦Flat (adj.): fixed~ rate♦Bonus (n.): additional payment 补助，津贴，分红，奖金♦Expertise (n.): expert advice, profession skills♦Give rise to: cause♦Cost plus: additional fee to the cost♦Variant (n. / adj.): changed factor, differentLesson 2♦Assess (vt.): estimate the value♦Clue (n.): tip to find out the solution♦dividend (n.): share, surplus, bonus♦distort (vt.): twist♦parity (n.): equation♦tap (vt.): develop♦bear sth. in mind: keep thinking of sth.♦haven (n.): safe place, harbor♦populous (adj.): having a large population♦diversify (vt.): make sth. various♦spur (vt.): stimulate♦complementary (adj.): forming as a whole♦suffice (vi.): be able-- The food can suffice till next week.♦proximity (n.): closeness~ to sth.♦observations (n.): result, opinions from observingLesson 3●Witness (vt. / n.): testify 见证，目击●Liberal + ize (vt.): make sth. free 自由化●Fall under: be classified as 归类为●Detour (n.): a temporary route instead of main route 绕路，迂回●Adoption (n.): accepting 采用，采纳●Erode (vt.): wear away 腐蚀●Autonomy (n.): self-governing 自治⏹Autonomous region●sovereign state: independent country 主权国家●political entity: 政治实体●set the stage for: provide basis for 为。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
05844国际商务英语词汇复习资料
Unit 1: P7
Transaction 交易 customs area 关税区 in compliance with 遵从；遵照
conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售
gross domestic product国内生产总值 invisible trade 无形贸易 for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套
portfolio investment 证券投资 stocks 股票bonds 债券
maturity （票据等）到期，到期日 certificate of deposit 大额存单 licensing许可经营
franchising 特许经营trademark 商标advisable 可行的；适当的
patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；版税copyright 版税
licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同
expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金flat 一律的，无变动的
value chain 价值链contract manufacturing 承包工程 turnkey project “交钥匙”工程
BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设、经营、移交stand for 代表；表示variant 变形/体
Unit 2: P23
potential 潜力clue 线索national income 国民收入
GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入bulk 大量的；大宗的
PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布
Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体
staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球
observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进；刺激creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟
Unit 3：P40
witness 亲历，见证economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由
put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area自由贸易区
tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀；损害autonomy 自治；自主
sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、、做准备；促成
monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的 landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人
settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通
executive body 行政机构，执行机构 European Commission欧盟委员会 veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员 council of ministers 部长理事会 empower 授予权力
multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议
cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织
Unit4：P57
globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素 value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并
purport 声称；自称headquarters 总部international economic environment 国际经济环境 double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存embark（on）开始；从事
gigantic 庞大的；巨大的intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进步
derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理decentralize 分散；放下（权利）
wield 操控；控制jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段
delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构；附属机构mover 原动力，推动力
Unit5：P71
define 下定义 services 劳务distribution 分布
natural resources 自然资源abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏
primary commodities 初级产品incentive 刺激specialization 专业化
constitute 构成，形成remainder 剩余的，余数hold 认为
in terms of 在…方面 illustrate 说明table 表格，图表
assume 假设efficient 有效的，效率高的 occur 发生，产生
law 规则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利
with respect to 关于exploit 利用，开发static 静止的
endowment of nature 自然的赋予 up-to-date 现代的，新式的 intuitive 直觉的，直观的
appeal 吸引力absolute advantage 绝对利益comparative advantage 比较利益。