2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练一猜测词义类

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(江苏专用)2020版高考英语大二轮复习阅读理解专题课件：词义猜测

58.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably im-
plies that the customers were
.
A.not aware of eating more than usual
B.not willing to share food with others
restrictions that stop competition in the pharmacy sector (though not yet the one that the researchers relied on). But such regulations are plentiful in many other lines of business, and not just in Italy. The consumers who pay the price are often those who find it hardest to travel to shop around—for example, people with crying babies on their hands.
Using data for 2007 to 2010 covering about a fifth of pharmacies in Italy, the researchers measured the way in which prices of hygiene products for babies changed as the number of babies varied. They took advantage of a peculiar law from the 1960s, according to which regions with at most 7,500 people are allowed just one pharmacy (supposedly to keep the quality of services high). They compared prices in places with populations just below this threshold, and just above.

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题猜测词义(57页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题猜测词义【考纲解读】分析解读猜测词义题旨在考查考生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子的意思的能力,突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。

它不仅涉及考生的语言水平,还涉及考生的语言应用能力和综合素质等方面。

猜测词义题虽不是阅读测试的重点,但也是常考题目,是对考生多方面综合能力的考查。

因此,今后的高考中这类试题将保持平稳,而且试题增加了对短语、句意的猜测的考查。

近几年猜测词义题难度略有增加,需在较为复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

【命题探究】【五年高考】Passage1(2017课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:311A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture,it s an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a5'×5'sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet s center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates(蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and won t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It s delicate.B.It s expensive.C.It s complex.D.It s portable.2.What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher”in paragraph2refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet s center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup from.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet答案1.D2.B3.C4.DPassage2(2017天津,C)词数:330This month,Germany s transport minister,Alexander Dobrindt,proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).They would define the driver s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things:that a car always chooses property(财产)damage over personal injury;that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race;and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email,say—the car s maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,”says Dobrindt.It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers,he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任)issue is the biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds,UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars,introduced earlier this year,insists that a human“be watchful and monitoring the road”at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say‘driverless cars’,people expect driverless cars,”Merat says.“You know—no driver.”Because of the confusion,Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University,California.That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US,however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,”says Calo.1.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph2refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A case where passing a law is impossible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers role is not clear.2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to.A.stop people from breaking traffic rulesB.help promote fully automatic drivingC.protect drivers of all ages and racesD.prevent serious property damage3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.B.It should be the main concern of law makers.C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D.It should involve no human responsibility.4.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in.A.SingaporeB.the UKC.the USD.Germany5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liability?B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New BreakthroughC.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed!D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents答案1.D2.B3.D4.C5.APassage3(2017江苏,D)词数:690Old Problem,New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life,global warming will continue for some decades after CO2emissions(排放)peak.So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today,we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation,it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard,but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why,in part at least,the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless,there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world,people are adapting in surprising ways,especially in some poor countries.Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.His not-for-profit organization runs100 river boats that serve as floating libraries,schools,and health clinics,and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接)to replace flooded roads and highways.But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken.Chewang Norphel livesin a mountainous region in India,where he is known as the Ice Man.The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.Without the glaciers,water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops.Norphel s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter,when it was not needed.He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze,and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water.Having created nine such ice reserves,Norphel calculates that he has stored about200,000m3of water.Climate change is a continuing process,so Norphel s ice reserves will not last forever.Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will,perhaps,be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earth s reflectiveness can cool the planet.In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally,and actually cooled the region.While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly,temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased.This example should act as an inspiration for all cities.By painting buildings white,cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru,local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.The outcome is still far from clear.But the World Bank has included the project on its list of“100ideas to save the planet”.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere.A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria.Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce,or by growing the same things differently.This is common sense.But some suggestions for adapting are not.When the polluting industries argue that we ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt,it s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.After all,if we adapt in that way,we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1.The underlined part in Paragraph2implies.A.adaptation is an ever-changing processB.the cost of adaptation varies with timeC.global warming affects adaptation formsD.adaptation to climate change is challenging2.What is special with regard to Rezwan s project?A.The project receives government support.B.Different organizations work with each other.C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A.Storing ice for future use.B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.C.Changing the irrigation time.D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers.4.What do we learn from the Peru example?A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C.This country is heating up too quickly.D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5.According to the author,polluting industries should.A.adapt to carbon pollutionB.plant highly profitable cropsC.leave carbon emission aloneD.fight against carbon pollution6.What s the author s preferred solution to global warming?A.Setting up a new standard.B.Reducing carbon emission.C.Adapting to climate change.D.Monitoring polluting industries.答案1.A2.C3.A4.D5.D6.BPassage4(2016课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:269I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March2012,I ve done89trips—of those,51have been abroad.I have42hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I ve got two ice packs and that s how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we ve got72hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:“Well,I m really sorry,I ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please,please,you ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,you re consciously aware that in that box you ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody s life.1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph1?A.providerB.delivery manC.collectorD.medical doctor2.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within42hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice won t last any longer.3.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.答案1.B2.D3.BPassage5(2016课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:294Five years ago,when I taught art at a school in Seattle,I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoysin front of each student,and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have45 minutes today—and45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I m just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you re asleep?”“Oh,sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That s pretty creative.Who does that for you?”“Nobody.I do it.”“Really—at night,when you re asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime,in class,okay?”1.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to.A.know more about the studentsB.make the lessons more excitingC.raise the students interest in artD.teach the students about toy design2.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph3?A.He liked to help his teacher.B.He preferred to study alone.C.He was active in class.D.He was imaginative.3.What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph4probably mean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.4.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A.To help them to see their creativity.B.To find out about their sleeping habits.C.To help them to improve their memory.D.To find out about their ways of thinking.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage6(2016课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:323On one of her trips to New York several years ago,Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes,another customer was approaching their table.“Hey,aren t you from Mississippi?”the elegant,white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“I m from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought,the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up,she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,”Welty said.“I didn t know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave,it was pouring outside.Welty s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel,her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).“My friend said:‘Now we believe your stories,’”Welty added.“And I said:‘Now you know.These are the people that make me write them.’”Sitting on a sofa in her room,Welty,a slim figure in a simple gray dress,looked pleased with this explanation.“I don t make them up,”she said of the characters in her fiction these last50or so years.“I don t have to.”Beauticians,bartenders,piano players and people with purple hats,Welty s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends,from walks through the streets of her native Jackson,Miss.,from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that,at78,her left ear has now given out.Sometimes,sitting on a bus or a train,she hears only a fragment(片断)of a particularly interesting story.1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A.Two strangers joined her.B.Her childhood friends came in.C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D.Some people held a party there.2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph6refers to Welty s.A.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories3.What can we learn about the characters in Welty s fiction?A.They live in big cities.B.They are mostly women.C.They come from real life.D.They are pleasure seekers.答案1.A2.D3.CPassage7(2016四川,B)词数:242If you could have one superpower,what would it be?Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds,see through walls,or have superhuman strength may sound silly,but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.Every day in our work,we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess:the power to make a difference in the lives of others.We re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.Your lives are busy enough doing homework,playing sports,making friends,seeking after your dreams.But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or,if you can,contribute a little money to a cause.Whatever you do,don t be a bystander.Get involved.You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you re older.But why not start now?Our own experience working together on health,development,and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph2refer to?A.Your life style.B.Your life value.C.Your trouble in life.D.Your life experience.2.Why does the author say they are inspired every day?A.They possess different kinds of superpowers.B.They have got the power to change the world.C.Some people around them are making the world better.D.There are many powerful people in their life and work.3.What does the author stress in Paragraph5?A.Learning more and contributing more to a cause.B.Rising above self and acting to help others.C.Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.D.Trying your best to help the poor.4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.B.Much more progress will be made in the near future.C.The work on health is the most valuable experience.D.People s efforts have been materially rewarded.答案1.B2.C3.B4.APassage8(2016四川,C)词数:313In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest,there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet,people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地)of the French Republic since1946.In theory,they should live by the French law.However,their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown,thus making them into an interesting area of“lawlessness”in the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early2015exploring the most remote corners of this area,which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest,with half its population of only 250,000living in its capital,Cayenne.“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,”says Gin.“I ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,”continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white,which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which brings with it not only necessary state welfare,but also alcoholism,betrayal and even suicide.1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?A.They seldom follow the French law.B.They often ignore the Guianese law.C.They are separated from the modern world.D.They are both Guianese and French citizens.2.Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as.A.a tour guideB.a geographerC.a film directorD.a photographer3.What is Gin s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.4.What does the underlined word“it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.The modern French lifestyle.B.The self-supporting hunting.C.The uncivilized world.D.The French Republic.答案1.A2.D3.D4.APassage9(2016北京,D)词数:443Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity.However,now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,during which many of today s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations,college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades, however,continued connection with and dependence on family,thanks to cell phones,email and social media,have increased significantly.Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility,universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation.This process involves“trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面)and personally.While we should provide“safe spaces” within colleges,we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.Because a collegecommunity(群体)differs from the family,many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover,the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders.If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定)and controlled,the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out,particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency.What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.Therefore,there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values,social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation,of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.What s the author s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.2.The underlined word“passage” in Paragraph2means.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.According to the author,what role should college play?A.To develop a shared identity among students.B.To define and regulate students social behavior.C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.D.To foster students intellectual and personal development.4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion答案1.B2.A3.D4.CPassage10(2016天津,C)词数:378When John was growing up,other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden,carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood,he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all,he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a40-year study that followed the lives of456teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力)and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,”said George Vaillant,the psychologist(心理学家)who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves,others felt good about them.”Vaillant s study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages25, 31and47.Under Vaillant,the researchers compared the men s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores.Points were awarded for part-time jobs,housework,effort in school,and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people,five times as likely to be well paid and16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working—at any age—is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence,confidence and competence—the underpinnings(基础)of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn t everything.As Tolstoy。

2019届二轮复习英语阅读理解专题词义猜测试题解题指导(53页)

2019届二轮复习英语阅读理解专题词义猜测试题解题指导高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。

考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph4probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph3mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means“________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word“________”in Paragraph2can best be replaced by“________”．What does the phrase“________”in Paragraph1mean?本学案结构：利用定义definition或同义解释利用构词法word-building利用语境和逻辑关系根据语法知识猜测根据常识common sense判定重述举例反义（同义第一部分已讲）因果代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。

2020年高考二轮复习：词义猜测题专练(1)

词义猜测题专练(一)——词汇猜测类A(2018·齐鲁名校第三次调研) Since January 2, a stray female dog has been consistently visiting the Kanjurmarg Railway Station in Mumbai, India. When the Kalyanbound train comes every night around 11 p．m., she chases after the women's coach, peeking into doorways and scanning windows in search of something — or someone.“I think someone has left her or she was abandoned，” says Sameer Thorat, a local who filmed the clip. As an IT specialist, Thorat commutes (经常乘车) to work every day between 3 p．m. and midnight, and he started seeing the reoccurring dog about two weeks ago.Thorat wanted to help the dog and figure out her reason for running after the train, so he posted footage of the dog on social media. Although he's taken the post down, the clip attracted concerned commuters who soon discovered the dog has four 10to12dayold puppies.“We are not moving her from that place because the puppies are very small，” Thorat says. “Their eyes are not open yet.”Thorat suspects an owner abandoned the dog after she got pregnant, and he has coordinated (协调) with locals and organizations to care for and feed her. He says he has tried to find her owner, but in vain.“Dogs have no concept of death, but they do have a concept of loyalty，” says Stanley Coren, a University of British Columbia psychology professor and author on all things dog psych. “The mind of a dog is sort of the mind of a 2or 3yearold toddler.”There's the famous story of Hachiko, an Akita dog born in 1925 who used to greet his owner every day at Tokyo's Shibuya Train Station. After the man died at his university job, the dog continued the ritual for nearly a decade. Today, there's a popular statue dedicated to the dog next to the station.There's also the story of Shep the sheep dog. When his owner died in the summer of 1936, he kept waiting at a station for him for the next five and a half years.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了几个关于狗的忠诚的故事。

2019年高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇一第4讲【词义猜测题】

2019年高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇一第4讲【词义猜测题】[考查内容][设问方式] 根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。

要做好这类题目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。

By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________. In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by “______”． The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________. Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？ As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________. The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。

2019高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜测类(含解析)

2019高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜测类（含解析）一、阅读理解1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

Xinhua News—The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and ease the city's employment problems.The government plans to recruit 3,000 university graduates this year, 1,000 more than last year, to work as assistants to village heads or party secretaries in suburban areas.People interested in jobs in Beijing's rural villages and towns can send applications to Beijing Municipal Bureau of Personnel or log on to from February 1 through March 15.“We hope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in rural villages and to start their careers,” Sun Zhenyu, the Deputy Director of Beijing Personnel Bureau, told Xinhua News Agency.The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2,000 Yuan in the first year, 2,500 Yuan the second year and 3,000 the third year, provided their performance is up to the required standards, Sun said.Wang Lina, who graduated from Beijing Union University last year, was one of the first graduates to find work in the city's countryside. After majoring in Industrial and Commercial Administration, Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's Pinggu District. For one project, Wang contacted people at Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting. Her efforts paid off. The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year.Nationwide, about 150,000 university graduates found employment in rural areas last year, according to the figures provided by the Ministry of Education.The ministry predicts that 4.95 million students will graduate from universities across the country this year, 820,000 more than last year. About 1.4 million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate. In Beijing, a record of 200,000 people are expected to graduate from university this year. Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs, according to Beijing Personnel Bureau.（1）From the story of Wang Lina we can learn that _________.A. Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers plant organic strawberriesB. local farmers can get big harvests if they work together with herC. the sooner you go to the countryside, the sooner you will be successfulD. university graduate can realize their value no matter where they work（2）The underlined word “recruit” in the first paragraph probably m eans ________.A. forceB. employC. encourageD. train（3）The last two paragraphs seem to tell us that ________.A. it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadaysB. more and more graduates will work as junior officialsC. the universities should not enroll so many studentsD. there are more and more jobs provided by the Ministry of Education（4）Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. The Government's Help for University GraduatesB. A Good Choice for University GraduatesC. Job Hunting for University GraduatesD. What is the Best Career?2.阅读理解Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!（1）Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin's chicken house regularly?A. To earn some money for the family.B. To collect manure for his crops.C. To get rid of the terrible smell.D. To set a good example to us.（2）What can we infer about Dad's stew?A. It is popular among the neighbors.B. It contains honey and vegetables.C. It looks very wonderful.D. It tastes quite delicious.（3）What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?A. To attract.B. To upset.C. To air.D. To shut. （4）What can we learn about Dad form the text?A. He is an experienced cook.B. He is a troublesome father.C. He has a positive attitude to life.D. He suffers a lot from his disability.3.阅读理解I've never been the kind of person to say, “it's the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew me away.For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and 1 raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth.Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (舞会礼服). She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (手印), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.（1）The underlined phrase in Para. I “blew me away" probably means “”.A. attracted meB. surprised meC. accepted meD. refused me （2）What does the house really mean to the author?A. A house.B. Buildings.C. An object.D. Memories. （3）What surprised the friends I know after work?A. Finding the wall repainted.B. Erasing the fingerprints.C. Greeting them by tears.D. Leaving the wall unfinished（4）What is the best title for the text?A. Gift Made with LoveB. Buildings Made by ChildrenC. A Very Wonderful PaintingD. A Family History4.阅读理解Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow color on the door . If they are close to confessing（供认）a crime , the blue on the wall might tip the balance .Gwent Police have abandoned colors such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell （牢房）and have used color psychology to decorate them .Ystrad Mynach station , which recently opened at a cost of ￡5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症）. Designers have painted the frames yellow , which researchers say is a calming color . Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the color is likely to encourage truthfulness .The station has 31 cells , including 12 with a “live scan” sys tem for drunken or disturbed prisoners , which detects the rise and fall of their chest . An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened .Designers and psychologists have worked for years on color . Blue is said to suggest trust , efficiency , duty , logic , coolness , thinking and calm . It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness . It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter , soft colors will calm the mind and aid concentration .Yellow is linked with confidence , self-respect and friendliness get the color wrong and it could cause fear , depression and anxiety , but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect .Ingrid Collins , a psychologist who specializes in the effects of color , said that color was an “ energy force ” . She said : “ Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication . ”Yellow , she said , affected the mind . Red , on the other hand , should never be considered because it could increase aggression . Mrs. Collins praised the designers for using colors in the cells . Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with color to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate , In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy .（1）The expression “ tip the balance ” in Paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might __________ .A. let suspects keep their balanceB. help suspects to confess their crimesC. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law courtD. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colors（2）Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing ?A. Scanning equipment .B. Royal blue lines .C. Glass doors .D. Yellow frames . （3）The passage is mainly concerned with __________ .A. the relationship between colors and psychologyB. a comparison of different functions of colorsC. the use of colors in cells to affect criminals' psychologyD. scientific ways to helpcriminals reform themselves in prison5.阅读理解One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting.I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves.I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk.I admired the husband's patience for putting up with her continuous talk.Distracted by their noise,I moved on.I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art.Each time I heard her constant burst of words,I moved away quickly.I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit.Before they left,the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object.He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife's jacket.“He's a brave man.”The clerk at the counter said,”Most of us would give up if wewere blinded at such a young age.During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn't change. So, as before,he and his wife come in whenever there's a new art show.”“But what does he get out of the art?”I asked,“He can't see.”“Can't see?You're wrong.He sees a lot.More than you or I do.”The clerk said,“His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”I learned something about patience,courage and love that day.I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life.And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.（1）The young couple were at an art museum ________.A. to discuss paintingsB. to show their loveC. to appreciate artD. to describe paintings（2）“I moved away quickly.”in Paragraph 3 shows that the writer ________.A. was in the hope of visiting more roomsB. was in a hurry to buy some giftsC. was not interested in the art showD. was tired of the nonstop talking（3）We can infer from the passage that the husband _________.A. couldn't stand his wifeB. was not born blindC. knew nothing about artD. completely depended on his wife（4）After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple,the writer was ________.A. touched（感动的）B. excitedC. encouragedD. annoyed（气恼的）6.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

高考英语第二轮复习阅读理解专题指导猜测词义题试题

和桥高级中学2021届高考英语第二轮复习阅读理解专题指导猜想词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。

这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。

这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。

事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或者句子甚至段落都有联络。

我们可以利用语境〔各种信息〕推测、判断某些生词的词义。

近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义才能的考察，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对打破高考阅读理解、进步我们的英语语言才能都有非常重要的意义。

常见的题干有：1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？2) The word... could best be replaced by.3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).4) According to the passage,... probably means.5) The author uses the word... to mean.猜想词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一是针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或者高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。

这些解释提供的信息明确详细，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜想词义就非常简单。

1.根据定义〔definition〕猜想词义假如生词有一个句子〔定语从句或者是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或者是同位语从句〕或者段落来定义,或者使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或者段落本身就是推断词义。

定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。

2020届高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读第3讲词义猜测题课件

Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150)．Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question－mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
B．assess students' public speaking skills
C．prepare students for their future jobs
D．inspire students' love for politics
( )4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
(
)2.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in
paragraph 2?
A．Complex.
B．Advanced.
C．Powerful.
D．Modern.
( )3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?

专题05阅读理解——词义猜测题 2019年高考英语高频考点测试Word版含解析

【考点解读】在英语阅读中难免会遇到一些生词，如果遇到生词就去查字典，这样势必会影响阅读速度和阅读兴趣，不利于阅读理解能力的提高。

因此，根据阅读材料所提供的文字信息，结合应有的常识，正确推断生词的含义，是学生进行阅读理解必须具备的能力之一。

下面介绍几种猜测词义的技巧：1、利用构词法猜测词义掌握一定的构词法知识有利于的阅读。

这样，对于阅读中遇到的生词，我们就可以根据构词法知识来猜测其意义。

例如:Failure at this later stage is unthinkable. 我们可以将unthinkable这个词拆成un, think, able，其中think是词根，意为“想,认为”，un是前缀，表示否定意义，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unthinkable的意思是“不可想象的”。

2、利用文中的定义猜测词义有时，文章对文中的生词采取下定义的方法来解释和阐明其词义，以帮助读者理解其含义，这种方法尤其见于科技文章中。

例如:A correspondent is a person with whom another person exchanges letters regularly.文中correspondent是生词，但根据其定义不难猜出其意为“通信者”。

3、利用同义词或近义词猜测词义有时在文章中会出现于生词同意或近义的词或结构，这是我们就可借助文章中熟悉的词语来猜测生词的含义。

例如:The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbours all called her an eccentric lady.文中eccentric为生词，通过上下文可知strange为eccentric的同义词，由此我们可以猜出其意为“怪的，古怪的”。

4、利用反义词猜测词义对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式，有时文章中会出现某一生词的反义词，这时，我们就可借助这些词来猜测该生词的含义。

高考英语二轮复习：根据上下文推断单词的含义—单词词义猜测题讲义(含答案)

根据上下文推断单词的含义——单词词义猜测题一、单词词义猜测题常见的设问方式1. What does the underlined word “...” in the ... paragraph mean / refer to?2. What does the word “...” in Paragraph ... refer to?3. The underlined word “...” in Paragraph ... is closest in meaning to _____.4. The underlined word “...” in Paragraph ... means / can be replaced by _____.5. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “...” in Paragraph ...?6. Which of the following best explains “...” underlined in Paragraph ...?二、单词词义猜测题解题技巧单词词义猜测题要求考生理解文章中单词的含义，故正确理解上下文是解题的关键。

除了通过语境进行推断以外，我们还可以采用以下方法：1. 通过定义或解释猜测词义。

用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is, that is to say 等。

有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语从句来表示的。

2. 通过所举例子猜测词义。

用于举例的单词或短语有 like, including, such as, for example, for instance 等。

3. 通过对比关系猜测词义。

专题06 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题(讲练)-2020年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(解析版)

But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for somestumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
1.B【2019·全国I】
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
细节理解题10
推理判断题3
词义猜测题1
主旨大意题1
B
议论文
287
介绍社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。
C
记叙文

高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三讲词义猜测题

栏目导引
专题一阅读理解
栏目导引
专题一阅读理解
Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?___C______ A．Escape from your punishment. B．Realization of your dreams. C．Freedom from your tension. D．Reduction of your expectations. 【解析】句意猜测题。根据最后一条建议Decide and act before overthinking.(行动前不要犹豫不决)可知，要把自己从思想的束缚中解放出来。release意为“解放”，与freedom同义，根据句中you’ll be on your way也可得知只有把自己释放出来，你才能走出去。
栏目导引
专题一阅读理解
名师点津考查句意理解的试题一般出现在长难句中。对于这种试题，考生应该认真阅读原文，特别是画线句子的上下文，准确理解作者的观点，尤其是对特定的人、物、事件的褒贬观点，以准确推断语句的含义。
栏目导引
栏目导引
专题一阅读理解
句意猜测题句意猜测题通常需要考生猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子或是格言、谚语等，要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。常见的命题形式有： The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “________”． The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean ________．
worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.”尤其是画线短语前面的I would keep it on说明作者非常喜欢看电视，一直看到电视台停止播放节目为止，故A项“结束所有的节目”与短语sign off “结束广播/电视节目”意义相近，为正确答案。

高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测-词义猜测题考查解读

2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测-词义猜测题考查解读【题型解读】词义猜测题是阅读理解每年常考的题型。

词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。

由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。

词义猜测题的命题方式有：(1)What does the underlined word “...” probably mean?(2)The word “...” refers to/probably means .(3)The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by .(4)What do you think the expression “...” stands for?(5)By saying “...” we mean .(6)“...” used in the passage can best be defined as .(7)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”？二、解题技巧——巧用线索猜词义1．根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。

有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。

有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。

例如：Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse，who brought a defibrillator，an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them：Paris’s heartbeat returned.分析：所猜测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work (一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行解释说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。

2020届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练：阅读理解(词意猜测题) Word版含答案

2020届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练-阅读理解（词意猜测题）1、For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn. The eight-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should... should…”Chris trips on the “-ld，”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support “... Vote for... me…”Except for some stumbles. Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion. Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaleyre-calls(回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，”Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘ I don't know，but I want to know.’”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀）about themselves.“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult fora child who came into the classroom not feeling confident. ”1. What made Chris nervous?A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.2. What does the underlined word “stumbles”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Silly jokes.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Improper pauses.3. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to .A. inspire students' love for politicsB. prepare students for their future jobsC. help students see their own strengthsD. assess students’ public speaking skills4. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding.2、The face of the four US presidents on Mount Rushmore will likely last for centuries.But at a newly opened exhibit in Japan，you can catch them only for about eight months. This year, the annual sand sculpture event at the Sand Museum in Tottori (鸟取县），Japan，is focused on another country. This is the 10th anniversary of the event. Artists came from 19 countries to shape sand into different sculptures that represent events in US history and American landmarks.Tottori is a remote city in western Japan. In the past, not many tourists traveled to it. To attract more visitors，Tot tori officials decided to use a natural resource：sand They decided to create a sand museum that would house a series of sand sculptures based on different geographic areas of the world. The sand from each year’s exhibition is used again the next year. The project has been a success. About 500,000 people visit the museum during the eight months. Some return year after year to see the new sculptures.The city is now a popular spot for sand sculpture artists too. Sculptors from around the world come to Tottori each spring, spending a few weeks working on their masterpieces. They use special tools to smooth the sandy surfaces, cut angles and details. They use only sand and water to create the huge sculptures, some of which tower over their creators.Originally，the artists built their creations outside. But the works lasted less than two months outdoors. So the museum built a permanent structure to house the artworks, which extended their life to eight months. Now many more tourists get to see the sculptures. Still，the fact that this art is not permanent is part of the appeal. The temporary sculptures reflect the Japanese value of appreciating the fleeting(短暂的）nature of the world.Tottori is not the only Japanese town that shows temporary art like this. Sapporo，in northern Japan，hosts a similar exhibit in the winter, using snow instead of sand That will be just about the time that the US sand sculpture exhibition is taken apart, and the sand is saved for next year's show.1. Why is sand sculpture event held every year in Tottori?A. To show the wonderful artworks of the city.B. To show the diverse culture of the city.C. To represent the character of the city.D. To attract more visitors to the city.2. What does the underlined wor d “tower” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Be huger.B. Be higher.C. Be heavier.D. Be nicer.3. What do the exhibits in Tottori and Sapporo show?A. The changing seasons offer artists chances to create arts.B. Artists are always inspired by the nature of the world.C. Natural works of art are popular all over the world.D. The sand is more popular to artists than the snow.4. What is the best title of this passage?A. The Popularity of SandB. Celebrating World in SandC. A Special Sand ExhibitionD. Artists' Contribution to the World3、Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test trulyself-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted，isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars （and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy—or even worsen —the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施）and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states todevelop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless carscan .A. help deal with transportation-related problemsB. provide better services to customersC. cause damage to our environmentD. make some people lose jobs2. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?A. Safety.B. Side effects.C. Management.D. Affordability.3. What does the underlined word ''fielded'' in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Employed.B. Replaced.C. Shared.D. Reduced.4. What is the author s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A. Doubtful.B. Sympathetic.C. Disapproving.D. Positive.4、A Very Endangered Species Less Than 2,000 in the WildAccording to the census(普查)of 2014，there are only 1，864 giant pandas alive in the wild. It is one of the rarest and most endangered species in the world Thus the giant panda was selected and used as the symbol of the WWP" since its formation in 1861.The Size of a Giant PandaA wild giant panda measures 75 centimeters tall and 1. 5 meters long on average. A wild panda generally weighs about 60-73 kilograms, with the largest recorded 110 kilograms. Males are about 1/6 larger than females. Pandas in the zoos are bigger，and can weigh up to 150 kilograms.Giant Pandas’ Lifestyle —Low Stress and SolitudeGiant pandas spend most of their time eating，resting, or seeking food They are alone most of the time. Males and females only meet during the breeding season in spring. Giant pandas prefer shallow slopes and solitary living. They use scent markers to avoid one another.Where Do Giant Pandas Live?Giant pandas live in large bamboo forests on humid (温暖潮湿的）and relatively high mountain slopes —about 1，200 to 3,100 meters above sea level.Giant pandas were once widespread across central，southern, and eastern China，and China s neighboring countries of Myanmar and northern Vietnam. However, their habitat has shrunk to a few patches in western central China, due to China’s farming and logging practices.Currently，giant pandas mainly live in the Qin Mountains in Shaanxi Province，and the Min Mountains in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces.Their Food 99% Bamboo99% of giant pandas’food is the tender stems，shoots, and leaves of bamboo. Because bamboo is low in nutrition, one giant panda needs to eat about 12 to 38 kilograms of bamboo a day, up to 40% of its own weight. Giant pandas spend as long as 14 hours eating a day.1 % of their food consists of other plants，even meat. Wild giant pandas eat grass，wild fruits，insects, even small animals if they can catch them.1. What contributes to the WWF choosing the giant panda as its symbol?A. Its existing situation.B. Its lovely appearance.C. Its special lifestyle.D. Its shrunk habitat.2. What does the underlined word “solitary” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Only one of something.B. Not often visitedC. Spending a lot of time alone.D. Doing something alone.3. Where can you find wild pandas now?A. In the central，southern, and eastern parts of China.B. In the country of Myanmar and northern Vietnam.C. In the bamboo forests of Qin and Min Mountains.D. In Shaanxi, Guangxi, Sichuan and Gansu Provinces.4. According to the passage，we can know that .A. the largest wild female panda can weigh 110 kilogramsB. the situation is mainly caused by human activitiesC. you can often see two or three wild pandas togetherD. pandas will never eat anything else except bamboo5、One day a little boy, annoyed by his father's decision for him to become a grocer, decides that he will never grow up. It's very boring to work in a grocery and staying a child is his protest against it. This strange little boy-man, never separated from a tin drum he is always banging, is our hero of the table. It covers three crucial decades of 20th century. Little Oskar Matzerath will experience love, war and imprisonment in a story that paints an unforgettable picture of Central Europe between 1923 and 1954.This is an overview of the story of The Tin Drum，the most famous work by the German Nobel-winning author Gunter Grass, who passed away on April 13 at the age of 87. The Tin Drum also established Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany. It also set a high bar of comparison for all of his following works. As his best-known fiction is both the story of an individual and of an age, Grass life cannot be understood without referring to the history of Germany. He was called “Germany’s conscience”，because he reminded Germans of a past during the Second World War that many would have rather forgotten.This sometimes made him unpopular. Many Germans did not agree in 1989 when he said that East Germany and West Germany should remain separate, as a united country would be too strong and threaten the world’s peace. And Grass was called a hypocrite when he revealed in his memoir Peeling the Onion (2006) that he had been a teen-age member of the Waffen-SS，the Nazi (纳粹) Party's fighting force. The man who had blamed the actions of others had aless-than-perfect record himself.Grass was a man of the pen and the page and also a man with a gift for speaking to the public.His writing was noisy and annoying, but one had to listen to it, a little like the sound of the drum banged by his most famous literary creation.1. In The Tin Drum ，the hero .A. decides he will never grow up to escape from the warB. doesn't want to become a grocer as his father expectsC. refuses to be separated from the tin drum he is playingD. has an unforgettable experience involving love and hatred2. What does the und erlined word “hypocrite” mean?A. Someone unwilling to believe there is good in people.B. Someone enjoying blaming others for their own mistakes.C. Someone pretending to be more virtuous than one really is.D. Someone having justice on his side and pursuing perfection.3. What can we infer from the passage?A. Oskar Matzerath's stories were modeled on Grass's life.B. Critics applauded Grass's argument for separation of Germany.C. Grass's life and works can be best understood from a historical perspective.D. No other writer in Germany could be Grass's equal in perfect record.4. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A. To give some background information about Grass's early life.B. To present the history of Germany through the page of Grass.C. To analyze what has made The Tin Drum so popular in Germany.D. To introduce Gunter Grass and his most famous work to readers.6、As the days get shorter and the chilly weather rolls in , we all want to curl up in a blanket and hibernate until spring rolls around. But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it’s cold out, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize.While the link between sunshine and mental health is nothing new, new research from Brigham Young University(BYU) has shown that the association may be even stronger than previously realized. It finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather-related factor determining mental health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness.For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare daily environmen tal data from the university’s Physics and AstronomyWeather Station with emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 adult therapy patients who were being treated at the BYU Counseling and Psychological Services Center.Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder. Research has shown that the brain produces more of the feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it does on darker days. What’s more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in turn has been correlated with depression and low energy.If you’re getting enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar. Other weather variables including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health.“We were surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly correlated with clients’ scor es on the distress measure once we had accounted for suntime,” Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the study’s lead author, told The Huffington Post. “People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and other meteorological ph enomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that.”1．What does the author suggest we do in Paragraph 1?A．Realized the benefits of sunshine B．Avoid hibernating in springtime C．Curl up in a blanket in cold weather D．Enjoy sunshine even in cold weather 2．The underlined word “soar”in Paragraph 5 most probably means “”?A．rise sharply B．vary unstably C．drop slightly D．change greatly 3．What does the passage say about the research does by BYU?A．It is done on normal adults of various agesB．It is carried out by Dr Mark Beecher aloneC．It concludes the sunshine means happinessD．It finds that temperature affects mental health4．What can be inferred from the passage?A．Lower vitamin D levels are helpful in keeping us energeticB．The research findings are inconsistent with the popular beliefC．The more sunshine we get, the less excited we are likely to feelD．The link between sunshine and mental health was unknown before.7、A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?Avoiding temptation(诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the “out of sight, out of mind” principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers are less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower—at least to a point.Willpower may also be made less vulnerable(脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place. Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year’s Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don’t try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all.Many questions about the nature of self-control remain to be answered by further research. Yet it seems likely that with clear goals, good self-monitoring and a little practice, you can train your willpower to stay strong in the face of temptation.1.From the studies in the passage we learn that ______.A.people have unlimited self-controlB.high m otivation ensures one’s successC.willpower is hardly completely exhaustedD.too many temptations often lead to failure2.The underlined phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 mos t probably means ______.A.make use ofB.run out ofC.buildD.increase3.The author compares self-control to muscles ______.A.to prove the long-term effects of willpowerB.to show the significance of regular exerciseC.to argue that self-control can be easily used upD.to explain the benefits of practicing self-control4.To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?A.“I will gi v e up dessert and do exercise.”B.“I will set three goals this new semester.”C.“I will keep myself from any temptation.”D.“I will read an English novel every month.”8、 A “Game of Thrones” themed hotel made just of snow and ice has been finished in Lap land, Finland. Located in the resort of Kittila, which is 200 kilometers above the Arctic Circle and around 90 minutes from Helsinki, the destination is made up of 24 rooms—10 of which are suites for guests staying overnight.Temperatures reach -5℃ inside, so high-quality thermal(保温的)sleeping bags are on hand to keep guests warm, as well as a hot berry juice in the morning. Although it’s recommended that guests stay at the hotel for a maximum of one night due to the icy conditions, there are warm log cabins available should they wish to extend their stay in the Snow Village. Guests can also visit a restaurant, cinema, chapel and bar, all made entirely of snow and ice. Guests also receive a guided tour inside the Snow Village, a buffet breakfast in the log restaurant, and a diploma to commemorate their stay.Travelers can book an overnight visit at the snow hotel or simply take a day trip to the Snow Village, which covers an area of about 20, 000 square meters. The village is open for visitors daily and has a cinema, a chapel, an arctic bar that serves drinks in glasses carved from ice, and a restaurant with frozen dining furniture and a menu featuring reindeer (驯鹿)steak While it’s been constructed yearly since 2000, this is the first time the Snow Village has included a “Game of Thrones” themed section.Kittila is also a great location to view the Northern Lights, and Snow Village offers snowmobile safaris snowmobile safaris (旅行)where guests can try to catch a glimpse of Greenland’s natural phen omena, as well as activities like reindeer-sledding and ice-sculpting classes.1.What can we learn about the themed hotel from the first paragraph?A.It is 200 kilometers from Helsinki.B.It is 110 kilometers from the Arctic Circle.C. It is in the resort of Kittila.D.It is made up of 34 rooms.2.What does the underlined word “commemorate” mean?A.provefortC.coverD.pay3.What is the area of the Snow Village?A.2000 square meters.B.18,000 square meters.C.20,000 square meters.D.22,000 square meters.4.In which column of a website can we find the text?A.Geography.B.Travel.C.Climate.D.Culture.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C解析：1. B细节题。

2020年高考英语二轮复习词义猜测类专项练习(含答案解析).doc

第五讲词义猜测类专项练习【分类真题】(2019年全国卷II.A）My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters —Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl.【答案】.C【解析】词义猜测题。

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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练一猜测词义类(2017·甘肃省第一次高考诊断试卷)In China, there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends and relatives from whom t hey haven't heard for a while. The first is about New Y ear greetings, which are always welcome. The second reason is often unpleasant, however; people are increasingly contacting long-lost friends, or even casual acquaintances, and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in competitions.The practice, which has been growing rapidly, has now reached the point wherepeople are becoming tired and may even feel annoyed.The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua Evening News in East China's Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children. The contests range from the “cutest baby” to dancing competitions, but in many cases the peoplereceiving the messages haven't heard from the sender for a long time and have never met the child involved.Although the competitions may appear to be harmless fun, some education professionals are concerned that they could have a negative effect on children.Tang Sulan, a member of the CPPCC's National Committee (全国政协委员会), proposed a ban on online competitions featuring children to prevent future psychological issues. She was also concerned that public disclosure of a child'spersonal information and publication of photos cause a potential risk to the child's safety.Li Hongyan, the mother of an 11-year-old girl and an 18-month-old boy in Beijing, said she has never urged others to vote for her children. Although on the surfacethe children are competing among themselves via their parents' social networks, the competitions are also about parents seeking a “sense of victory”　for themselves, she said. “It feels as though parents are using their babies as tools to win glory for themselves, rather than truly respecting their kids' dignity and nature.”　However, despite her dislike of the contests, she has twice voted for the babiesof close friends because “it would be embarrassing to say no”．体裁：议论文题材：社会文化主题：网上拉票【语篇导读】本文介绍了最近社会上常见的一种现象，有些家长为了给孩子在网上拉票，可谓不择手段，甚至要求不常联系的朋友和不熟悉的朋友投票。

这种现象已让越来越多的人感到厌烦和恼怒。

文章通过《金华晚报》对这一现象的调查进行了分析。

1．What is the best title for the text?A．Receiving Messages: An Unhappy ExperienceB．To Say No: An Embarrassing ExperienceC．A Dilemma: Vote or NotD．Child's Safety and Casting Votes Online解析：C 主旨大意题。

纵观全文可知，一些专家提到这种现象会对孩子产生消极的影响，但最后一段谈到如果你拒绝朋友的投票要求，会非常尴尬。

因此，“投还是不投？”是一个进退两难的困境。

故选C项。

2．What does the underlined word “disclosure” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A．Exposure. B．Concern.C．Reputation. D．Competition.解析：A 词义猜测题。

这里表达的意思是：一名政协委员担心公开曝光孩子的个人信息和照片会对孩子的安全造成潜在的风险。

根据词根closure(关闭；倒闭；暂时封闭)，再结合前缀dis-(表示相反或否定)及语境可猜测出，disclosure意思是“透露的信息；披露”，与exposure“揭露；暴露”意义相近。

故选A项。

3．What can be inferred from Li Hongyan's words?A．Her children don't want to join in those online competitions.B．She urges people to vote for the babies of her close friends.C．She agrees to bring the children to their parents' social networks.D．She opposes the idea of parents seeking votes for children.解析：D 推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段第一句．.. never urged others to vote for her children.和最后一句However, despite her dislike of the contests...可知，李红艳反对父母给孩子拉选票这种现象。

故选D项。

B(2017·贵州省普通高等学校招生适应性考试)When I was in college, I spent a semester studying abroad at the University ofStrathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland. In my brief time there, I came to love Scotlandfor its local culture, food and scenery.You might think, “Scotland isn't so different from t he US; they still speak English there！”　But when I stepped off the plane, I was greeted by a gruff-voiced (声音粗哑的) lady at customs. “You'll be coming from America, then？” She askedme, and I nodded. “But all of our guys are leaving Glasgow for the States！”　Her thick Scottish English and sense of humor were obvious right away. I was not in the US any more, where customs agents never joke around.As I settled in at the university, I could feel myself getting used to hearing — and even speaking — the Scottish English of my customs agent. In classroom discussions, people would say “em”　when they couldn't think of what to say instead of “um”， which was great fun. After the first few weeks, I stopped chuckling about this. Strathclyde students stayed up late into the night, running around campus and shouting, “Go! Lat's go, lat's go, lat's go (curse word) Glasgow！”　Pretty soon, I was no longer saying “thanks”　at the supermarket —instead, I said “cheers”．My Scottish friends drank whiskey and ate haggis (羊杂碎布丁). I drank plentyof whiskey but I was ashamed to admit that I wasn't brave enough to try haggis.Scottish bakeries usually sell bridies (肉馅饼). Add a cup of tea —though I usually Americanized it by choosing coffee instead — and a bridie makes for a delicious breakfast.Every time I took a train anywhere in Scotland, I'd gaze out at the rolling hills and wonder if grass was greener than anywhere else in the world. Then I'd reflectthat there's a reason this country was the birthplace of golf.【解题导语】本文介绍了“我”在苏格兰学习期间的体验：居民友好，食物独特，景色优美，苏格兰英语与美式英语有区别。