英语基本句型(1.2)

如何写好简单句

简单句的基本句型（1）主语+系动词+表语

He became a scientist. 他成为了一个科学家。

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。be 动词和become 是英语中常见的系动词，本身不能表达完整的意思，后面必须接表语来表示“…是..”“…变成….”的意思。不能单独做谓语。表语通常是形容词或名词。也有介词或者介词短语做表语的。

1.He is a boy.

2. She looks beautiful

3. He is in good health.

4. The students became angry.

在英语中，除了be动词和become 属于系动词外，还有一些实义动词，当表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以当作系动词。

系动词可以分类为：感觉（feel, look, smell, taste, sound）;

仍然（remain, continue, stay, keep）;

变成（become, come, go, get, turn, grow）;

似乎（seem; appear）;

根据句意连词成句

1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。all my are brothers students college

2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。

days short long in the nights the are winter and are

3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs. Brown very healthy looks

4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

he a famous at age 15 the of became pianist

5. 孩子们，请保持安静。keep please children quiet

简单句的基本句型（2）主语+不及物动词

The rain stopped. 翻译：鸟儿飞。

主语谓语

The old man walks in the park. 翻译：他在公园里跑步。

主语谓语地点状语

只能当不及物动词的词（必背！）：sleep 睡觉 walk 步行 swim 游泳 happen（take place）发生 go去come来 work 工作 laugh 笑 stay呆在… arrive 到达sing, jump, die, disappear, cry, happen 此句型是“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体。不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意思，但是可以有状语等修饰语如：副词，介词短语。例如：

句型一的扩展：

1、主语+不及物动词+状语；例如：

The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)

2、主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式；例如：

They stopped to take a short rest. (他们停下来稍作休息)

【练一练】划分句子成分。

1. Two days passed.

2. The war ended peacefully.

3. The group of children went there on foot.

4. Everybody is now studying hard.

5. The story spread all over the town. 6 The sun has risen.

根据句意连词成句，并指出属于哪种句型。

1.你应当努力学习。Study you hard should

2.他昨天回家很晚。he yesterday evening late home very went

3.那天早上我们谈了很多。a great deal talked we that morning

4.会议将持续两个小时。meeting last will the hours two

5. 五年前我住在广州。I in Ganzhou five years ago lived

简单句的基本句型（三）

主谓宾句型（主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语）

(1)I like China. He hates you. He looks after his little daughter on Sundays

(2) I hope to see you again.

常接动词不定式做宾语：

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翻译我妈妈承诺买给我一台新电脑。

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(3) we haven’t decided where to hold the sports meeting.

句型：主语+谓语+特殊疑问词+ to do sth

常用于这个句型的动词：ask/consider/decide/discover/forget/guess/know/

remember/understand….

翻译：他知道下一步做什么。

我们还尚未决定什么时候讨论这个问题。

（4）I enjoy living in the country.

常用于此句型的动词：动词+doing

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翻译：

.

【练一练】翻译下列句子，并指出句子的主干（主谓宾）

1）I ride a bike to school.

2）You should practice writing more.

3) We are learning English.

注意主谓宾+状语

•I wrote a letter last night.

•He loves her very much

1. 昨晚我写了一封信。last night wrote I letter a

2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。afternoon I want talk to with you this

3. 这本书他读过多次了。this he read has many book times

4. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。

finish these you reading must books two in weeks

5. 他们成功地完成了计划。successfully finished they have the plan

简单句的基本句四:主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）

但是若要先说出直接宾语（物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助介词to 或者for.

如：She cooked her husband a delicious meal.=She cooked a delicious meal for her husband. He brought you a dictionary. =He brought a dictionary to you.

To侧重指动作的方向，表示朝向，向着，对着某人。

For侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了，替某人。

★（必背）常接双宾语的动词有（需借助to的）：

bring sb sth= give sb sth= lend sb sth= hand sb sth= offer sb sth= pass sb sth=

promise sb sth =

send sb sth=

show sb sth=

teach sb sth=