跨文化交际unit6 verbal communication

2. Left expansion vs. right expansion Example： 中：第二次世界大战后，由于科学和技术发展进入新 时期，我们的生后发生了很大变化。 英：Our life has been greatly changed thanks to the new age of science and technology since the Second World War.
Ⅱ. Cultural differences on syntactic level
compare the following two sentences :
1. Keeping a basic balance 2. An important condition for
of international payments is an important condition for achieving sustain and smooth economic development…Last year, China’s import increased considerably and its growth of export was relatively slow, thus results in a fairly huge trade deficit.
Culture and language are intertwined and are shaping each other. Each time we select words, form sentences, and send a massage, either oral or written, we also make cultural choices. Language: a system of arbitrarily chosen, conventionalized, vocal, graphic or gesture symbols serving the needs of communication among the members of a given community.
2) overlapping of denotative meaning In addition to total equivalence of words and absence equivalence in denoting of certain referents, cultures also overlap in the denotation of certain vocabulary. 3. Cultural differences in connotative meaning 1) words with same denotation but different connotation. a. color words b. animal words c. numbers
achieving steady economic development is to maintain a basic balance of i n t e r n a t i o n a l payments...Last year imports increased considerably while exports grew relatively slowly, with the results that there was a huge trade deficit.
3. Bamboo structure vs. tree structure s / | \
NP1 M / \ | D N will | | the postman VP / | \ V NP2 Np3 | / \ / give D N D | | | the boy a
\ N | parcel
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
Ⅲ Cultural differences on discourse level
The power of verbal communication Ⅰ. cultural differences on lexical level (cases) 1. types of lexical meaning Words are the basic units of meaning. Understanding the meaning of words is, therefore critical to the sharing of meanings conveyed in verbal communication. Two types of lexical meaning: Denotation: the conceptual meaning of the word that describes things, events or processes. It is the primary, explicit meaning given in the definition of a word in a dictionary.
引言: 引言 各民族的语言是自足的. 处于不同语言世界里的人,即使面对同一个现实面向 即使面对同一个现实面向, 各民族的语言是自足的 处于不同语言世界里的人 即使面对同一个现实面向 也会在描述它时沿着各自的思路,采用不同的策略 刻画出不同的版本.正如维特 采用不同的策略, 也会在描述它时沿着各自的思路 采用不同的策略 刻画出不同的版本 正如维特 根斯坦所言:我的语言就是我的疆界 跨出我生于其中的语言,冒险与隔膜就开始 我的语言就是我的疆界,跨出我生于其中的语言 根斯坦所言 我的语言就是我的疆界 跨出我生于其中的语言 冒险与隔膜就开始 了. 语言与文化紧密相连, 不可分割; 语言是文化的一部分. 语言与文化紧密相连 不可分割 语言是文化的一部分
枯藤，老树，昏鸦， 小桥，流水，人家， 古道，西风，瘦马， 夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。
Crows hovering over rugged old trees wreathed with rotten vine---the day is about done. Yonder is a tiny bridge over a sparkling stream, And on the far bank, a pretty little village. But the traveler has to go down this ancient road, the west wind moaning, his bony horse groaning, trudging towards the sinking sun, farther and farther away from home.
1. paratactic structure vs. hypotactic structure Parataxis: the arranging of clauses one after another without connectives showing the relation between them. Hypotaxis: depended relation or construction. Examples: 1 明早还赶路呢，去睡吧！ 明早还赶路呢，去睡吧！ Go to bed now as you’ll set out early tommorrow. 2. 快点！迟到了会埃训的。 快点！迟到了会埃训的。 Hurry up ! You’ll be criticized if you are late.
跨文化交际I
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
CHAPTER5 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Language helps in communicating with people from different background. However we may be less aware that cultural literacy is necessary in order to understand the language being used. If we select language without being aware of the cultural implications, we may at least communicate well and at worst sent the wrong language. ( Beamer, L. and Varner, I Intercultural communication in the Global Workplace. New York, NY: Teaching objectives: In this part you are expected to understand some commonly observed differences between Chinese and English verbal communication and learn to make crosscultural comparisons and analysis in the following aspects. 1. cultural differences in the attitude towards voiced and unvoiced communication. 2. cultural differences on the lexical level; 3. cultural differences on the syntactical level; 4. cultural differences on discourse level; 5. cultural differences on the pragmatic level 6. translation problems and language understanding
1)
2) connotation: refers to the emotional or stylistic associations that a word or phrase suggests in one’s mind. It is the implicit, supplementary value which is added to the purely denotative meaning of a word or phrase. ☻ Meanings of words are personal. ☻ Meanings of words are also culture specific. 2. Cultural differences in denotative meaning: 1). Absence of referent in the speaker or listener’s language. Each culture creates vocabulary to describe its unique physical and social environment as well as the activities its people engaged in those contexts. So the absence of certain objects in one culture will naturally results in the absence of the necessary vocabulary to refer to them.)