(完整版)第13课市场分析外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译,推荐文档

合集下载

市场营销学英文版最新版教学课件第13章

市场营销学英文版最新版教学课件第13章
13-4. Explain how sales promotion campaigns are developed and implemented.
First Stop: Salesforce You Need a Great Sales Force to Sell Salesforce
Salesforce’s “Customer Success Platform” helps its customers “supercharge their sales.”
A good compensation plan both motivates salespeople and directs their activities.
Supervising Salespeople
• Help salespeople work smart by doing the right things in the right ways
13-2. Identify and explain the six major sales force management steps.
Learning Objectives (2 of 4)
13-3. Discuss the personal selling process, distinguishing between transaction-oriented marketing and relationship marketing.
• Tools of supervision:
– Call plan – Time-and-duty analysis – Sales force automation system
Figure 13.2 How Salespeople Spend Their Time

外刊经贸知识选读翻译

外刊经贸知识选读翻译

旺旺英语Lesson 15Weekly Commodities (telex) 每周商品行情Commodities 1商品行情(-)econews by Kate Kavanagh Oil prices seesaw to three-month low in “big bang week London”, Oct. 31 (afp)—the attention of commodities dealers was last week captured initially by events on the stock exchange, where Monday’s big bang was muffled by computer failures, but turned later to the troubled oil market.(法新社)10月31日电:在“伦敦大爆炸改革周”中,石油价格起伏不定,跌至三个月来的最低点。

——上周商品交易者们的注意力先是被股票交易所发生的事情吸引,那里的计算机出了故障从而抑制了周一的“大爆炸改革”;但随后,交易者们的注意力又转向了混乱的石油市场。

The unexpected departure of sheik ahmed zaki yamani from his post as Saudi Arabian oil minister aggravated existing uncertainty concerning the future direction of oil prices in view of severe world oversupply.在国际市场严重供大于求的情况下,沙特阿拉伯石油部长亚马尼的突然离职使本来就起伏不定的油价变得更加难以预料。

Unstable crude prices in turn prompted falls in platinum and gold, the latter to its lowest since early September, aggravated by the withdrawal of investment support as the dollar regained ground.动荡的原油价格反过来又加速了白金和黄金的降价,而且由于美元重收失地,投资者纷纷撤回投资,黄金还降到了九月初以来的最低点。

2020年10月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案

2020年10月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案
六、翻译题:本大题 12 分。 译文要求忠实原文,语言流畅、达意、涵盖主要信息点。 评分时整体给分和采点给分相结 合。 信息点给分如下: 52. 由于日本国内的经济衰退, 昂贵奢侈品的进口有所下降, 而这些在 20 世纪 80 年代后 期是相当时髦的(2 分)。 这种效果很明显,因为其他地区的经济增长缓慢,日本工业所 依赖的国际初级产品的价格低廉(2 分)。 另一方面, 亚洲国家经济的持续高速增长,他 们购买日本的机械产品(1 分)。 日本机械产品的出口成功承受了这次经济衰退的考验 (2 分)。 另外,美国和日本的经济已经不协调(1 分)。 美国经济的增强使其对日本进 口产品的需求增加, 而日本对国外产品的需求减少(2 分)。 这是因为美国对日本出口 产品 35% 是工业品,又都是对商业周期很敏感的产品, 因而日本顺差、美国逆差更加明 显(2 分)。
34. Gross Domestic Product 35. barter 四、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文:本大题共 10 小题,每小题 1 分,共 10 分。 36. 独家经销合同 37. 双重税 38. 证券及房地产市场 39. 反通货膨胀政策 40. 招标 41. 财政一揽子计划( 方案) 42. 最惠国待遇 43. 人均收入 44. 期货 45. 贸易逆差
27. market share
28. technology transfer
29. discount rate
30. convertible currency 31. countervailing duty 32. joint venture
33. foreign鄄exchange reserves
绝密绎启用前
2020 年 10 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

外刊经贸知识选读翻译

外刊经贸知识选读翻译

旺旺英语Lesson 14Soft Commodities非耐用商品Many prices are at historic lows, and the IMF expects further falls. Yet there are signs that the worse may be over. One key commodity, sugar, has recovered.许多商品的价格处于历史最低点,虽然国际货币基金组织预计价格还会进一步下跌。

但是,有迹象表明,最糟的局面已经结束了。

因为“糖”这种关键性商品的价格已经回升了。

Markets Have Lost Their Allure 市场已失去吸引力For Most people involved in the production and trading of “soft” or agricultural commodities, this is proving to be a grim decade.对于大多数生产并买卖非耐用商品或农业品的人来说,这十年无疑是阴暗的十年。

Prices are in many cases at, or near, historic lows in real terms as markets struggle to cope with floods of surplus produce. And—with most soothsayers forecasting flat, or still lower, prices—the markets themselves have lost much of their allure.许多情况下,产品的价格都在实际意义上处于或接近历史最低价,这是因为市场要应付泛滥成灾的过剩的农产品。

同时,大多数预言家预测价格将会持平,或者更低。

市场自身已经失去了很多的魅力。

Speculators who profited handsomely from the price volatility of the 1970s have deserted soft commodities for the newer excitement of financial futures or the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.从20世纪70年代的价格不稳中大笔获益的投机者们已经放弃了非耐用商品而寻求金融期货或有价证券带来的新的刺激以及股票和货币市场提供的巨额利润。

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章、术语制成品manufactured goods资本货物capital goods国际收支balance of payments经常项目current account有形贸易项目visible trade account无形贸易项目invisible trade account贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter补偿贸易comp ensation trade反向贸易counter-trade组装生产assembly manufacturing工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业joint venture延期付款deferred p ayment买方信贷buyer credit卖方信贷supp lier credit软贷款(低息贷款)soft loan最惠国待遇MFN treatment ( Most Favored nation treatment )永久性正常贸易关系PNTR( Permanent Normal Trading Relations )国民收入 NI ( National Income )国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product )国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product ) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD (International Bank forReconstruction and Devel opm ent ) 国际开发协会 IDA (International Development Association国际金融公司 IFC (International Finance Comporation 经济合作和发展组织 OECD (Organization for EconomicCoop eration and Devel opm ent )国际清算银行 BIS (Bank for International Settlement 欧洲经济共同体 EEC ( European Economic Community 欧洲联盟 EU ( European Union )外商直接投资 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment ) 、词语释义::dramatically ,significantly ,considerablywithdraw : cancellation theme : p rinc iplein return for : in exchange for disr upt : interru pt destined : designed pronounced : markedsubstantially subsequentlyafterwardsexacerbate : deteriorate worsen ; aggravate ; make worsein the wake of : following after withundue : too much ; unbearable reverse :change to the opposite buoyant : brisk outcome : result boost : stimulate ; pro mote ; devel op recover : rebound facilitate : make easy run-down : reductioninsofar as : to the extent bottlenecks : obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exp orted agricultural p roducts to the USSR and East Europ ean countries in return for manufactured goods and the cap ital equipm ent required for the country industrialization p rogramme which pl aced emp hasis on the devel opm ent of heavy industry.重工业的发展。

市场分析PPT课件

市场分析PPT课件

突出产品与其他竞品的差异化特点, 强调其优势和独特性。
市场推广策略
广告宣传
制定有针对性的广告策略,包括 媒体选择、广告创意、投放计划
等。
促销活动
策划各种促销活动,如折扣、赠 品、限时抢购等,以吸引消费者。
公关活动
组织各类公关活动,如新闻发布 会、产品试用活动、公益活动等,
提升品牌形象。
价格策略
成本导向定价
详细描述
市场增长率是指市场在一定时期内的增长速度,通常用百分比来表示。了解市场 增长率有助于企业判断市场的发展趋势和投资价值,预测未来的市场变化。
市场饱和度
总结词
市场饱和度反映了市场的竞争程度和 需求状况。
详细描述
市场饱和度是指市场中已有企业数量 和市场份额的占比情况。了解市场饱 和度有助于企业判断市场的竞争格局 和进入门槛,制定有效的竞争策略。
02 市场分析的核心要素
市场规模
总结词
市场规模是衡量市场潜力和吸引力的关键指标。
详细描述
市场规模是指市场中潜在客户群体的数量和购买力,通常通过人口数量、收入 水平、消费习惯等因素来评估。了解市场规模有助于企业了解市场容量,制定 合理的销售策略和目标。
市场增长率
总结词
市场增长率反映了市场的发展速度和增长潜力。
购买渠道选择
分析消费者在购买时选择的主 要渠道,如线上或线下购买。
价格敏感度
探究消费者对于价格的敏感程 度,了解其价格接受范围。
品牌忠诚度
分析消费者对于品牌的忠诚度 ,了解其是否愿意持续购买同
一品牌的产品。
04 竞争者分析
竞争者类型与数量
直接竞争者
与目标企业提供相同产品 或服务的企业数量。

外刊经贸知识选读

外刊经贸知识选读

提高跨文化交流能力
增强语言表达能力
阅读外刊经贸文章有助于提高英语水平,增 强商务英语表达能力。
了解不同文化习俗
外刊经贸文章通常会涉及不同国家和地区的文化习 俗、商业礼仪和谈判风格,有助于企业了解并适应 不同文化环境。
提高跨文化沟通能力
通过阅读外刊经贸文章,可以学习如何在跨 文化背景下进行有效沟通,提高企业在国际 合作中的沟通效率。
定期复习与总结
对所学内容进行复习和总结,加深理解和记忆。
注重理论与实践相结合
学习理论知识
通过阅读外刊了解经贸领域的理论和实践知 识。
关注实际案例
关注经贸领域的实际案例和事件,结合理论 知识进行分析和理解。
参与实践项目
如果有机会,可以参与经贸领域的实践项目 或实习,将所学知识应用于实际中。
参与国际经贸论坛与活动
阅读外刊经贸知识有助于了解不同国家和地区的文化背景、 商业习惯和沟通方式,提高跨文化沟通能力,更好地与国 际合作伙伴进行交流和合作。
拓展国际业务合作
发掘国际市场机会
通过了解国际市场动态和行业趋势,发现潜在的国际市场机会,为企业拓展国际业务提 供决策依据。
建立国际人脉网络
阅读外刊经贸知识有助于结识来自不同国家和地区的业界人士,建立广泛的国际人脉网 络,为开展国际合作提供便利。
拓展国际视野
了解国际经贸格局
通过对外刊经贸文章的阅读,可以了解国际经贸格局、区域经济一 体化和国际贸易体系,有助于企业制定国际化战略。
学习国际先进经验
外刊经贸文章经常介绍国际知名企业的经营理念、管理模式和创新 实践,有助于企业吸收先进经验、提升管理水平。
培养全球化思维
通过阅读外刊经贸文章,可以培养全球化思维方式和跨文化交流能 力,有助于企业在国际竞争中取得优势。

【最新】外刊经贸知识选读贸易术语翻译

【最新】外刊经贸知识选读贸易术语翻译

外刊经贸知识选读(贸易术语翻译)1中国的对外贸易Nationai income 国民收入EEC(European Economic Association) 欧共体欧共体Most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇最惠国待遇Visible trade account 有形贸易收支有形贸易收支Minister without portfolio 不管部长不管部长Balance of payments 国际收支国际收支Invisible account 无形的贸易收支Current account 经常项目Center bank 中央银行Counter-trade 反向贸易Joint venture 合资企业OCCE(organization OCCE(organization for for for economic economic economic co-operation co-operation co-operation and and and development) development) 经济合作发展组织Bank for settlements international 国际清算银行Non-bank trade related credits 买方信贷,卖方信贷等Manufactured goods 工业产品Capital equipment 资本设备Industrialization programme 工业项目Heavy industry 重工业Economic imbalances 经济失衡Trade relating 贸易往来Per annum 每年Normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化Industrial country 工业国家In surplus 顺差Earnings and requirements 收入和需求收入和需求Trade fairs 商品展销会Compensation trade 补偿贸易Raw materials 原材料Direct investment 直接投资The international capital markets 国际资本市场Commercial terms 商业条件Representative offices 办事处2中国的对外直接投资The China international trust investment copprporation (CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司The special economic zone 经济特区The state council 国务院国务院Standard of living 生活水平生活水平Foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备Capital stock 实际资本,股本Cooperative enterprise 合作企业Wholly foreign-owned operation 外商独资企业外商独资企业外商独资企业 Consumer goods 消费品消费品 Capital goods 资本货物资本货物 Customs duties 进口税进口税 Technical transformation 技术改造技术改造Provincial capital 省会省会 inner regions 内地,内陆内地,内陆 readily obtainable 轻易得到轻易得到 economic and technicai development zone(ETDZ) 经济技术开发区经济技术开发区 uniform tax rate 统一税率统一税率统一税率 profit-remittance 利汇款率利汇款率 preferential tax rate 统一税率统一税率统一税率 municipal govermment 市政府市政府 grassroots units 基层单位基层单位 rules and regulations 规章制度规章制度规章制度 comprehensive framework 综合准则综合准则 public ownership of the means of production 生产资料公有制生产资料公有制 national people ’s congress 全国人民到表大会全国人民到表大会 seventh five-year plan 第七个五年计划第七个五年计划第七个五年计划 china international economic consultants inc 中国国际经济顾问有限公司3中国开放的经济Commercial hud 商业活动中心商业活动中心 The world ’ sdominant economy 世界经济强国世界经济强国世界经济强国 Per capita 人均人均 Gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值国民生产总值 American administration 美国政府美国政府 China hands 中国通(华人)中国通(华人)Punitive import tariffs 惩罚进口性关税惩罚进口性关税惩罚进口性关税 Securities and real estate markets 证劵及房地产市场证劵及房地产市场 “G “Greater china reater china ” trade bloc “大中华”集团“大中华”集团“大中华”集团 Gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值国内生产总值国内生产总值 Private businesses 私有企业私有企业 Competitive advantage 竞争优势竞争优势 High wage economy 高工资经济高工资经济高工资经济 General agreement on tariffs and trade(GA TT) 关税及贸易总协定关税及贸易总协定 Consumer eiectronics 电子产品电子产品 Human rights 人权问题人权问题 Preferred status 优惠地位,优先权优惠地位,优先权 State-owned conglomerate 国有跨行业公司国有跨行业公司 Semiconductor chips 半导体集成电路芯片半导体集成电路芯片 Brokerage services 经济业务经济业务 Double digits 两位数两位数 4世界经济Per capita gross domestic product 人均国内生产总值人均国内生产总值Weak performance 不景气不景气High rates of growth 高增长率高增长率 The gulf crisis 海湾危机海湾危机海湾危机 International conditions 国际坏境国际坏境 The group of seven 七国集团七国集团 Continental Europe 欧洲大陆欧洲大陆Disinflationary policies 反通胀政策反通胀政策 Weakness in demand 需求疲软需求疲软 Cyclical deceleration in investment spending 周期性的投资下降周期性的投资下降 Short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元汇率短期美元汇率 Nonoil commodity prices 非石油商品价格非石油商品价格非石油商品价格 Foreign exchange 外汇外汇 Hard currencies 硬货币硬货币 Severely indebted 负债严重负债严重 The Uruguay round of GATT 关贸总协定乌拉圭回合关贸总协定乌拉圭回合 Commodity market 商品市场商品市场 Nominal(dalloar)terms 名义(美元)价名义(美元)价 Constant(dollar)terms 不变(美元)价不变(美元)价 Real terms 实际价实际价 The united nations conference on environmentand development 联合国坏境和发展会议坏境和发展会议Anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通货膨胀政策反通货膨胀政策反通货膨胀政策 GDP(GNP)deflator 消除国内(民)生产总值通货膨胀指数消除国内(民)生产总值通货膨胀指数 The cyclical slowing of investment 周期性投资放缓周期性投资放缓 Tax-cut-induced boom 由减税引发的繁荣由减税引发的繁荣 Interest rates 利率利率 Unemployment rates 失业率失业率 Financial stress 金融压力金融压力 Tightening of credit 紧缩信贷紧缩信贷紧缩信贷 Current account deficit 经常项目赤字经常项目赤字经常项目赤字 Yield curve 收益曲线收益曲线 European monetary system(EMS) 欧洲货币体系欧洲货币体系欧洲货币体系 Accommodative monetary policy 肯通融的货币政策肯通融的货币政策肯通融的货币政策 Nominal short-term interest rates 名义短期汇率名义短期汇率 Real output 以不变价格计算的产品价值以不变价格计算的产品价值 Structural transformation 结构转变,体制改革结构转变,体制改革 Trading partners 贸易伙伴贸易伙伴 The population-weightted growth rate 人均加权增长率人均加权增长率 Debt restructuring 债务调整债务调整 Portfolio investment 证劵投资证劵投资 Per capita income 人均收入人均收入人均收入 Fiscal adjustment 财政调整财政调整 Investment liberalization 投资自由化投资自由化 Trade-oriented region 贸易导向型地区贸易导向型地区 Market-oriented regional integration 市场导向型区自由化市场导向型区自由化市场导向型区自由化 Multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协议多边贸易协议多边贸易协议 Budget deficit 预算赤字预算赤字Emergency stabilization measures 紧急稳定措施紧急稳定措施紧急稳定措施 Tight credit policies 信贷紧缩政策信贷紧缩政策 Exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值汇率贬值 The council mutual economic assistance( C MEA) 经互会经互会 5关于美国的贸易策略与政策 Trade representative 贸易代表贸易代表 Trade policies 贸易政策贸易政策 Trade sanctions 贸易制裁贸易制裁 Trade barrier 贸易壁垒贸易壁垒 Trade surplus 贸易赤字贸易赤字 North American free-trade agreement 北美自由贸易协定北美自由贸易协定 Trade priority 贸易优先权贸易优先权 Government procurement 政府采购政府采购 Free-trade agreement 自由贸易区自由贸易区 Ttrade signals 贸易信号贸易信号6欧盟的发展 European community 欧洲共同体欧洲共同体 The single market 统一大市场统一大市场统一大市场 The European community vast single market 欧共体的统一大市场欧共体的统一大市场 Barrier-free market 无壁垒市场无壁垒市场 European integrationg 欧洲一体化欧洲一体化 The internal market 内部市场内部市场内部市场 Marriage contract 结婚契约结婚契约 Political and economic integration 政治经济一体化政治经济一体化 Free-trade zone 自由贸易区自由贸易区 Free market philosophy 自由市场论自由市场论自由市场论 Economic benefits 经济利益经济利益 Economic activity 经济活动经济活动Annual growth rate 年增长率年增长率年增长率 Plant modennization 工厂现代化工厂现代化 Budget cuts 预算消减预算消减7关于日本的贸易地位Import targets 进口指标进口指标 Guantifiable results 定量结果,量化结果定量结果,量化结果 White paper 白皮书白皮书 Uruguay round of trade talks 乌拉圭回合谈判乌拉圭回合谈判 Average tariff 平均关税平均关税 Manufactured goods 制成品制成品 Bilateral surplus 双边顺差双边顺差 Fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划财政一揽子计划 Trade in goods 易货贸易易货贸易易货贸易 International bodies 国际组织国际组织 Industrial commodities 工业商品工业商品 Business cycle 商业周期商业周期 Economic cycle 经济周期经济周期Managed trade 管理贸易管理贸易Consumer goods 消费品消费品 Market share 市场份额市场份额 Households save 家庭储蓄家庭储蓄 Budget deficit 预算赤字预算赤字 Trade balance 贸易差额贸易差额Public opinion 工众舆论工众舆论 Trade reprisals 贸易报复贸易报复8亚洲国家发展问题Corporate headguaters 公司总部公司总部 Silicion valley 硅谷硅谷 Annual sales 年销售额年销售额 Nation economic machine 国家经济结构国家经济结构 Industrial infrastructure 工业基础设施工业基础设施 Investment capital 投资资本投资资本 Antidurmping suits 反倾销起诉反倾销起诉 Fledging conglomerates 新兴的跨行业工资新兴的跨行业工资 Literacy rate 脱盲率,识字率脱盲率,识字率 Middle class 中产阶级中产阶级 Nouveau riche 暴发户暴发户 Government-backed loans 政府担保贷款政府担保贷款 Human-rights restrictions 人权限制人权限制 Political liberalization 政治自由化政治自由化 Political opposition 政治反对派政治反对派 Driving force 驱动力驱动力 Labor-cost advantage 劳动力成本优势劳动力成本优势 Industrial group 工业集团工业集团 Basic industries 基础工业基础工业 Industrial structure 工业结构工业结构Industrial giants 大工业企业大工业企业 Business setback 商业挫折商业挫折 Tax breaks 税额优惠税额优惠 Direct subsidies 直接补贴直接补贴 Market forces 市场力量市场力量 Financial system 金融体制金融体制 Official interest rates 官方汇率官方汇率 Consumer market 消费市场消费市场 9贸易新星Gulf region 海湾地区海湾地区 Sovereignty dispute 主权争端主权争端 GCC(gulf cooperation council)海湾合作委员会海湾合作委员会 OPEC (organization of petroleum exporting)石油输出国组织石油输出国组织 Carbon tax 双重税收双重税收 Firm order 实盘实盘 Non-oil trade 非石油贸易非石油贸易Manufacturing capacity 生产能力生产能力Government grants 政府津贴政府津贴 Risk-weighted assets 风险加权资产风险加权资产 Import surcharge 进口附加税进口附加税 Certificates of origin 原产地证书原产地证书 The developing areas 开发区开发区Lucrative fees 利率报酬利率报酬 10从关税贸易总协定到世界贸易组织 Economic growth 促进经济发展促进经济发展 Common agricultural policy (CAP)共同农业政策共同农业政策 Liberal market 自由贸易自由贸易 Market force 市场力量市场力量 Monopoly purchasing boards 统购部门统购部门 Export subsidies 生产补贴生产补贴 The administration ’goals 政府目标政府目标 Technical standards 技术水平技术水平 Anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施反倾销措施 Countervailing duty 反倾销税,抵消性关税反倾销税,抵消性关税 Intellectual property right 知识产权知识产权知识产权 Trade in services 服务贸易服务贸易 Farm-trade liberalization 农业贸易自由化农业贸易自由化 Majority vote 多数选票多数选票 Straight forward of vote 直接否定权直接否定权直接否定权 11易货贸易仍在使用 I nternational financial institution 国际金融机构国际金融机构 Currency reserves 货币储备货币储备 Of equivalent value 同等价值同等价值 Mean of trade 贸易方式贸易方式 Client states 附属国附属国 International monetary found(IMF)国际货币基金组织国际货币基金组织 Multilateral trade 多边贸易多边贸易 Convertible currency 可兑换货币可兑换货币 Burden of debt 债务负担债务负担债务负担 Debt service=intrerst payment 利息付款利息付款利息付款 Debtor nation 债务国债务国 Export earning 出口收入出口收入 Multinational corporations 跨国公司跨国公司 Compensation agreements 补偿贸易协定补偿贸易协定 Clearing agreements 清算系统清算系统 Bilateral pacts 双边协议双边协议 Credit-starved 信用危机信用危机Letter of credit 信用证信用证信用证 12市场竞争市场竞争Test market 试销市场试销市场 Baby-boomers 生育高峰期出生的人生育高峰期出生的人 Consumer coupons 消费优惠劵消费优惠劵 Price promotions 价格促销价格促销Exclusive contract 独家经销合同独家经销合同 Competitive in price andguanlity 价格和质量上的竞争力价格和质量上的竞争力价格和质量上的竞争力 All-out sales campaigns 大规模销售战役大规模销售战役 Hard sell 硬销售硬销售 Heavy discounting 大幅度打折大幅度打折 Soft drink 软饮料软饮料 Retail sales 零售零售 Special promotion 特殊销售特殊销售 13市场分析 Export market 出口市场出口市场 Fast food shop 快餐快餐 The method of packing 包装方式包装方式包装方式 Subsidized competition 补贴性竞争补贴性竞争 Grocery store 杂货店杂货店 Wet market 鲜货市场鲜货市场 The retial market 零售市场零售市场零售市场 Promote sales 促销商品促销商品 Export enhancement programe 增加出口计划增加出口计划 Structure of trade 贸易结构贸易结构 Preserved duck eggs 咸鸭蛋 14初级商品市场 Soft commodities 非耐用初级产品非耐用初级产品 Agricultural commodoties 农产品农产品 Surplus produce 剩余产品剩余产品 Financial futures 以期货形式交易的有价证劵以期货形式交易的有价证劵 The money market 货币市场货币市场货币市场 The equity market 一般的股票市场一般的股票市场一般的股票市场 Basic raw materials 基本原材料基本原材料 Conference on trade and development 联合国贸易和发展协会联合国贸易和发展协会 Currency movements 货币变动货币变动 Special drawing right 特别提取款特别提取款特别提取款 Food price index 食品价格指数食品价格指数 Glut of supplies 供应过剩供应过剩 Devastating consequences 毁灭性后果毁灭性后果 Spin-offs 副作用副作用 Cash-strapped 现金短缺现金短缺 at its weakest 萧条萧条萧条 services sector 服务部门服务部门 official austerity programmers 政府紧缩计划政府紧缩计划 foreign exchange earnings 外汇收入外汇收入 unit commodity price 单位初级产品价格单位初级产品价格 real interest rates 实际利率实际利率 stores of vaule 储备价值储备价值 liquid assets 流动资产流动资产 price volatility 价格多变价格多变speculative business 投机生意投机生意the patten of supply and demand 供需模式供需模式 export quote 出口配额出口配额 in short supply 供应短缺供应短缺供应短缺 15初级商品市场行情电传报告 Commodities dealers 初级商品交易商初级商品交易商 Stock exchange 证劵交易所证劵交易所 Investment support 投资支持投资支持 Regained ground 重得青睐重得青睐 Labour dispute 劳务纠纷劳务纠纷 Export figures 出口量出口量 Good resistance 强烈抵制强烈抵制 Discount rate 贴现率贴现率 Labour-agreement 劳动协议劳动协议 Bleak outlook 前景黯淡前景黯淡 Futures markets 期货市场期货市场 Spot market 现货市场现货市场 Strategic stockpile 战略性库存战略性库存 Take prices back 使价格回升使价格回升 Terminal prices 期货价格期货价格 International coffe organizayion(ICO)国际咖啡组织国际咖啡组织国际咖啡组织 Upward adjustment 上调上调 Replacement costs 重置成本重置成本。

2011年4月自学考试00096《外刊经贸知识选读》真题试卷及参考答案

2011年4月自学考试00096《外刊经贸知识选读》真题试卷及参考答案

全国2011年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码:00096一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years as means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology. ( )A. speeding upB. speeding onC. speeding offD. speeding down2. Another 20% worked well, but the remaining 60% should have been scrapped. ( )A. scratchedB. renovatedC. stimulatedD. introduced3. Now Zhangjiagang is China’s seventh largest port and a tumultuous construction zone of half-built office buildings and hotels. ( )A. tremendousB. numerousC. noisyD. orderly4. Against this deteriorating global background, the improvement in economic performance in a few developing regions in 1991 was especially noteworthy. ( )A. determinatingB. toleratingC. improvingD. worsening5. Balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in Latin America to Mr. Clinton’s embrace of the free-trade agreement. ( )A. hugB. embarrassmentC. acceptanceD. balance6. As Europe’s economy has soured, free-market ideas that are new to much of Europe face new challenges. ( )A. increasedB. declinedC. sky-rocketedD. tasted7. At the summit meeting, America insisted that Japan should come up with specific measures that would enable it to meet new import targets. ( )A. bring forthB. come acrossC. put offD. reach out8. Fearful that rapidly modernizing Korean rivals will intrude on its foreign and domestic markets, Japan has fought to keep the Koreans from appropriating its technologies. ( )A. competitorsB. representativesC. negotiatorsD. dealers9. International consultants who want to secure definite projects at lucrative fees are finding it harder and harder. ( )A. luxuriousB. lubricativeC. penetrativeD. profitable10. A separate, long-running dispute over oilseeds does still pose a threat. ( )A. possessB. presentC. provideD. purchase11. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors. ( )A. loanersB. borrowersC. ownersD. believers12. However, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo still face a struggle in persuading bottlers across the nation to take the products. ( )A. dissuadingB. persistingC. encouragingD. discouraging13. Tractors and other agricultural machines greatly facilitate farming. ( )A. communicateB. subsidizeC. gradeD. ease14. You can use credit cards but it’s best to take some currency as well. ( )A. couponB. moneyC. coinD. dime15. Lead values moved up to their best level since April last year in the absence of a settlement at Australia’s broken hill lead-zinc-silver mines. ( )A. withoutB. withC. asD. through二、将下列词组译成中文(本大题共10小题,每小题1 分,共10分)16. exclusive contract17. preferred status18. spot market19. Bank for International Settlements20. means of production21. punitive import tariff22. GDP23. trade reprisal24. fledgling industries25. countervailing duty三、将下列词组译成英文(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)26. 双边条约27. 试销市场28. 原材料29. 收盘价30. 最惠国待遇31. 技术转让32. 高工资经济33. 人均收入34. 经济特区35. 自由贸易区四、简答题(本大题共6小题,共18分)Passage 1The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 per cent per annum between 1978 and 1983, while imports increased by approximately 11 per cent per annum. As a result, the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US $1.4 billion in 1981 to US $4.4 billion in 1982 and US$3.7 billion in 1983. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. Grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years—China became a net grain exporter in 1984—and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.36. What do “per annum” and “approximately” mean?37. Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on China’s national economy?38. What is “a net grain exporter”? Does it mean one who has never done any import?Passage 2Korea, once known as the “Hermit Kingdom”, is plainly on the move. As with “Japan, Inc.” before it, the new label “Korea, Inc.” may be no more than a trendy buzzword. But South Korea aims to forge just such a national economic machine, using the might of its established giants backed by centralized planners who can mobilize the country’s banks and industrial infrastructure. The heady dreams of actually rivaling Japan may never come within reach; Korea’s economy, while large by Asian standards, is barely one-fifteenth the size of its island neighbor. And it faces a gantlet of other obstacles, ranging from an unwieldy bureaucracy and a volatile political climate to a chronic shortage of investment capital and heavy commitments to military spending. Still, the comparisons with Japan, Inc. are more than empty flattery; in fact, they signal Korea’s gathering clout.39. What is a “Hermit Kingdom”?40. What are the disadvantages of Korea’s economy when compared with Japan’s?41. What does “gathering clout” mean in the passage?五、正误判断题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)Passage 1In order to produce goods and services, businesses need to buy the required raw materials and equipment. Many firms need to order components or equipment to their own specifications which will later be used to produce a finished product. Firms need reliable suppliers who must be:Stable. Firms that can not supply goods in time to the purchasing company may mean delays and holdups for customers. Thus the purchasing company should check the financial background of its suppliers.Able. The purchasing company must investigate whether potential suppliers are able to make the goods required. This may mean looking at the firm’s equipment and staff expertise if a large or important order is being considered. Some purchasing departments may ask for evidence of the firm having done similar work for other organizations before placing an order. Trade directories and specialist magazines are a useful starting point in this research.Clear. What is required will usually be made clear in a specification. The specification or “spec” will give the exact technical details of what is needed in terms of size, shape, color and performance of the items to be purchased. The supplying firm must then meet this specification exactly.An important problem all purchasing companies have to deal with is whether to use one or two or several suppliers. By using several suppliers it is argued that competition between them will force prices down. And delays or disruption at one supplier will not affect too much. Arguments against this are that researching various suppliers is time-consuming and expensive, and low prices might mean reduced quality. Using fewer suppliers for larger orders can mean that the purchaser receives greater attention and discount for bulk purchases. The suppliers will be more involved in the firm’s business, too.42. Being “stable” means sticking to the same supplier with reliable financial background.( )43. Supplying firms with rich experience, good equipment and staff expertise can only be found in specialist magazines. ( )44. A “clear” supplying firm must initially give the purchaser its specifications clearly and in exact technical detail. ( )45. Having more than one supplier might bring lower price but searching for them might be time-consuming. ( )46. According to the passage, there exist different opinions whether or not a purchasing company should use more or fewer suppliers for large orders. ( )Passage 2Donegal is located in the windswept wilderness. It might seem an odd place to find one of Europe’s most dynamic companies. But a small assembly unit making a muscular stimulation product for leisure and healthcare is blazing a trail. BMR Teoranta—the company title in Irish—has quietly established a market for itself, making products for muscular therapy and body toning using the brand name Slendertone which it bought in 1989.Mr. Kevin McDonnell, the chairman, chief executive and owner of 95 per cent of the company, is a little vagueabout the source of his success. Part of it, he says, must be the strong work ethic in the area. He points out that half his employees are from Galswegian families with their Scottish attitudes of thrift and industry. Mr. McDonnell bought the company for $300,000 and BMR sales are now growing at around 50-60 per cent a year.The medical products business, where growth is less dramatic, but margins are attractive, is seen as the source of the company’s future earnings. In the US alone, the market for muscular stimulation products has jumped from $88m to more than $200m this year.Many BMR products are not available over the counter but through catalogues. The company is looking at special advertising on video shopping channels. In the US companies like BMR are prohibited from selling medical products over the counter. In Europe this situation is slightly different. BMR, for example, is starting to sell its consumer range in Carrefour superstores in France and its range is available in pharmacies. However, under a European Union ruling similar to US laws, companies that sell such products will have to reequip their factories to meet new health standards. “I know it sounds a bit smart, but our products have always been seen as industry standard,” says Mr. Kevin McDonnell.The company spends £1,000,000 a year on research and development, quite a large sum for a company of its size.47. A big company would normally set its manufacturing site in a more prosperous area than Donegal. ( )48. The brand name of this product for muscular therapy is BMR Teoranta in Irish. ( )49. Mr. McDonnell attributed the success of his company to his management and industry.( )50. It can be inferred that US laws for selling health products are stricter than the corresponding laws in Europe. ( )51. If you want to buy a BMR product in France, you may go to the pharmacies. ( )六、翻译题(本大题12分)Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history’s bloodiest wars. Moreover, a failure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with European integration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.。

外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译

外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译

The Curta in Goes up 竹幕卷起Peking permits foreign investment all along its coastline —creating differing rules and added con fusi on中国政府允许外国在沿海投资一从而差生了不同的法则并引起困惑By Mary Lee in Beiji ng1. A clearly con fide nt Chi na has rolled up a large sect ion of its bamboo curta in, declared itself "ope n to the outside world" and hung sig ns on n early all its cities in vit ing foreig n inv estors to come and do serious bus in ess.满怀信心地中国卷起大部分竹幕,向世界宣布“对外开放”,几乎所有的城市都张挂起邀请外商来投资作正当生意的招牌。

2.The four special econo mic zones (SEZs) in Guan gdo ng and Fujia n Provin ces, 14 coastal cities (all former treaty ports) and Hainan island (19 "open" areas in all) nave specifically desig ned tax and other incen tives for the foreig n in vestor. But every Provincial capital is doing its best to attract foreign investment.广东省和福建省的4个经济特区、14个沿海开放城市(都是以前的通商口岸)和海南岛(总共十九个“开放”区)为外国投资者制定了税收和其他方面的鼓励政策。

外刊经贸知识选读翻译

外刊经贸知识选读翻译

旺旺英语Lesson 12Soft Drink Wars: the Next Battle 软饮料战:下一次战争The reformulation of Coke has given the feuding cola giants a chance to go at each other again.可口可乐的重新配方为长期不和的可乐巨头提供了一个新开战的机会。

But Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are spoiling for yet another fight, and this time they’re picking on the little guys: non-cola makers like Seven-Up and Dr Pepper.By Monci Jo Williams 但是可口可乐和百事可乐一心想进行另一场战斗,这一次它们选中了小企业:“七喜”和“佩拍博士”。

In the U.S. soft drink industry, where 1% of the market is worth $ 300 million in retail sales, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo don’t wage mere market share battles. They fight holy wars. These days the fighting is on two fronts. One is on the vast plains of the cola business, where the reformulation of Coke has Pepsi on the defensive. The other is in the back alleys of the smaller, non-cola market. Until now these have been dominated by other companies. As growth of high-calorie colas slows, however, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are invading new territory.在美国的软饮料行业,1%的市场份额就意味着3亿美元的零售额,可口可乐公司和百事可乐公司进行的不仅仅是争夺市场份额的斗争,他们进行的是“圣战”。

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章一、术语制成品 manufactured goods资本货物 capital goods国际收支 balance of payments经常项目 current account有形贸易项目 visible trade account无形贸易项目 invisible trade account贸易顺差 trade surplus贸易逆差 trade deficit易货贸易 barter补偿贸易 compensation trade反向贸易 counter-trade组装生产 assembly manufacturing工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业 joint venture延期付款 deferred payment买方信贷 buyer credit卖方信贷 supplier credit软贷款(低息贷款) soft loan最惠国待遇 MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)国民收入 NI(National Income)国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association)国际金融公司 IFC(International Finance Comporation)经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)欧洲经济共同体 EEC(European Economic Community)欧洲联盟 EU(European Union)外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)二、词语释义:substantially :dramatically,significantly,considerably subsequently: afterwardsexacerbate:deteriorate,worsen;aggravate;make worse withdraw: cancellationtheme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following; after withundue: too much; unbearablereverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate; promote; developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extentbottlenecks: obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代,中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备,而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

外刊经贸知识选读全部课文翻译

外刊经贸知识选读全部课文翻译

Lesson 1 China in the Market Place市场经济中的中国(Excerpts)(摘录)Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links--巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究自从中华人民共和国成立以来,中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。

20世纪50年代,中国向苏联和东欧国家出口农产品换取制造品和资本设备,用于侧重于重工业发展所必须的工业化项目。

1958~1959年的―大跃进‖最初在工农业生产上带来收益,但随后又导致了严重的经济平衡。

三年自然灾害(1959-1961)加剧了经济问题,造成1960-1962年间的国民收入和对外贸易额的减少。

20世纪60年代,苏联经济和技术援助撤走,导致了中国与苏联及经互会成员国的贸易转向于日本和西欧国家的贸易。

中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。

―文化大革命‖期间(1966-1976)工农业生产一落千丈,交通运输限制更加严重,中国对外贸易的增长再次中断。

The Sino-USA agreement on trade relations, which came into force(解释:施行)in February 1980, accords China most-favoured nation treatment.(最惠国待遇)在实现四个现代化中起着很大作用的对外贸易在近几年发展很快。

1978年2月于日本签订了一个主要贸易协定,根据这个协定,中国向日本出口每盒石油换取工业设备和技术。

1978年中国也与欧共体签订了长期贸易协定,继1979年初与美国的外交关系正常化以后,中美贸易发展迅速。

美国遵照1980年1月25日生效的中美贸易关系协定给与中国最惠国待遇。

市场分析(Market Analysis)

市场分析(Market Analysis)

市场分析(Market Analysis)1. 背景介绍市场分析是企业在制定营销策略和发展计划时的重要环节。

通过市场分析,企业可以了解目标市场的规模、竞争态势、潜在机会以及消费者需求和偏好等关键信息。

本文档将围绕某市场进行深入分析,为企业制定决策提供参考。

2. 目标市场规模要进行市场分析,首先需要了解目标市场的规模。

通过数据统计和调研,我们得出如下结论:- 目标市场的总体规模为XX亿元,年均增长率达到XX%。

- 分析市场细分,我们发现市场A规模为XX亿元,年均增长率为XX%;市场B规模为XX亿元,年均增长率为XX%,市场C 规模为XX亿元,年均增长率为XX%等。

3. 竞争态势分析竞争态势是企业在市场中立足和发展的重要因素。

通过对市场竞争对手的调研和分析,我们得出以下结论:- 市场A存在着几家主要竞争对手,公司X在市场份额上处于领先地位,公司Y和公司Z紧随其后。

- 市场B相对较为分散,没有明显的领先企业,市场份额竞争较为平均。

- 市场C主要由公司W和公司V两家企业占据,市场份额较为集中。

4. 潜在机会分析潜在机会是企业在市场中探索增长和创新的重要方面。

通过观察市场趋势和消费者需求变化,我们发现以下潜在机会:- 近年来,消费者对环保产品的需求不断增长,因此,企业可以考虑推出绿色环保产品,满足市场需求。

- 随着消费升级和收入增长,高端产品市场潜力巨大,企业可以通过产品升级和提高品质来抢占高端市场份额。

- 移动互联网普及带来了新的商机,企业可以开发移动APP来提高产品和服务的便利性,吸引更多年轻消费者。

5. 消费者需求和偏好分析消费者需求和偏好是企业决策的重要依据。

通过消费者调研和市场调查,我们得出以下结论:- 消费者对产品质量和性能要求越来越高,对售后服务和品牌信赖等因素也越来越重视。

- 消费者更加关注产品的个性化和定制化,希望能够获得特色化的产品和服务。

- 跨界合作和品牌联名产品受到年轻消费者的青睐,企业可以考虑与其他行业企业合作推出联名产品。

【最新】外刊经贸知识选读贸易术语翻译

【最新】外刊经贸知识选读贸易术语翻译

外刊经贸知识选读(贸易术语翻译)1中国的对外贸易Nationai income 国民收入EEC(European Economic Association) 欧共体Most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇Visible trade account 有形贸易收支Minister without portfolio 不管部长Balance of payments 国际收支Invisible account 无形的贸易收支Current account 经常项目Center bank 中央银行Counter-trade 反向贸易Joint venture 合资企业OCCE(organization for economic co-operation and development) 经济合作发展组织Bank for settlements international 国际清算银行Non-bank trade related credits 买方信贷,卖方信贷等Manufactured goods工业产品Capital equipment 资本设备Industrialization programme 工业项目Heavy industry 重工业Economic imbalances 经济失衡Trade relating 贸易往来Per annum 每年Normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化Industrial country 工业国家In surplus 顺差Earnings and requirements 收入和需求Trade fairs 商品展销会Compensation trade 补偿贸易Raw materials 原材料Direct investment 直接投资The international capital markets 国际资本市场Commercial terms 商业条件Representative offices 办事处2中国的对外直接投资The China international trust investment copprporation (CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司The special economic zone 经济特区The state council 国务院Standard of living 生活水平Foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备Capital stock 实际资本,股本Cooperative enterprise 合作企业Wholly foreign-owned operation 外商独资企业Consumer goods 消费品Capital goods 资本货物Customs duties 进口税Technical transformation技术改造Provincial capital 省会inner regions 内地,内陆readily obtainable 轻易得到economic and technicai development zone(ETDZ) 经济技术开发区uniform tax rate 统一税率profit-remittance利汇款率preferential tax rate 统一税率municipal govermment 市政府grassroots units 基层单位rules and regulations 规章制度comprehensive framework 综合准则public ownership of the means of production 生产资料公有制national people’s congress 全国人民到表大会seventh five-year plan 第七个五年计划china international economic consultants inc 中国国际经济顾问有限公司3中国开放的经济Commercial hud商业活动中心The world’ sdominant economy 世界经济强国Per capita 人均Gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值American administration 美国政府China hands 中国通(华人)Punitive import tariffs 惩罚进口性关税Securities and real estate markets 证劵及房地产市场“G reater china” trade bloc “大中华”集团Gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值Private businesses 私有企业Competitive advantage 竞争优势High wage economy 高工资经济General agreement on tariffs and trade(GA TT) 关税及贸易总协定Consumer eiectronics 电子产品Human rights 人权问题Preferred status 优惠地位,优先权State-owned conglomerate 国有跨行业公司Semiconductor chips 半导体集成电路芯片Brokerage services 经济业务Double digits 两位数4世界经济Per capita gross domestic product 人均国内生产总值Weak performance 不景气High rates of growth 高增长率The gulf crisis 海湾危机International conditions 国际坏境The group of seven 七国集团Continental Europe 欧洲大陆Disinflationary policies 反通胀政策Weakness in demand 需求疲软Cyclical deceleration in investment spending 周期性的投资下降Short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元汇率Nonoil commodity prices 非石油商品价格Foreign exchange 外汇Hard currencies 硬货币Severely indebted 负债严重The Uruguay round of GATT 关贸总协定乌拉圭回合Commodity market 商品市场Nominal(dalloar)terms 名义(美元)价Constant(dollar)terms 不变(美元)价Real terms 实际价The united nations conference on environmentand development 联合国坏境和发展会议Anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通货膨胀政策GDP(GNP)deflator 消除国内(民)生产总值通货膨胀指数The cyclical slowing of investment 周期性投资放缓Tax-cut-induced boom 由减税引发的繁荣Interest rates 利率Unemployment rates 失业率Financial stress金融压力Tightening of credit 紧缩信贷Current account deficit 经常项目赤字Yield curve收益曲线European monetary system(EMS) 欧洲货币体系Accommodative monetary policy 肯通融的货币政策Nominal short-term interest rates 名义短期汇率Real output 以不变价格计算的产品价值Structural transformation 结构转变,体制改革Trading partners 贸易伙伴The population-weightted growth rate 人均加权增长率Debt restructuring债务调整Portfolio investment 证劵投资Per capita income 人均收入Fiscal adjustment 财政调整Investment liberalization 投资自由化Trade-oriented region 贸易导向型地区Market-oriented regional integration 市场导向型区自由化Multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协议Budget deficit预算赤字Emergency stabilization measures 紧急稳定措施Tight credit policies信贷紧缩政策Exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值The council mutual economic assistance( C MEA) 经互会5关于美国的贸易策略与政策Trade representative贸易代表Trade policies 贸易政策Trade sanctions 贸易制裁Trade barrier 贸易壁垒Trade surplus 贸易赤字North American free-trade agreement 北美自由贸易协定Trade priority 贸易优先权Government procurement 政府采购Free-trade agreement 自由贸易区Ttrade signals 贸易信号6欧盟的发展European community欧洲共同体The single market统一大市场The European community vast single market 欧共体的统一大市场Barrier-free market 无壁垒市场European integrationg 欧洲一体化The internal market 内部市场Marriage contract 结婚契约Political and economic integration 政治经济一体化Free-trade zone 自由贸易区Free market philosophy 自由市场论Economic benefits 经济利益Economic activity经济活动Annual growth rate 年增长率Plant modennization工厂现代化Budget cuts 预算消减7关于日本的贸易地位Import targets 进口指标Guantifiable results 定量结果,量化结果White paper 白皮书Uruguay round of trade talks乌拉圭回合谈判Average tariff 平均关税Manufactured goods制成品Bilateral surplus 双边顺差Fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划Trade in goods 易货贸易International bodies 国际组织Industrial commodities 工业商品Business cycle商业周期Economic cycle经济周期Managed trade 管理贸易Consumer goods消费品Market share市场份额Households save家庭储蓄Budget deficit预算赤字Trade balance贸易差额Public opinion工众舆论Trade reprisals贸易报复8亚洲国家发展问题Corporate headguaters公司总部Silicion valley硅谷Annual sales年销售额Nation economic machine国家经济结构Industrial infrastructure工业基础设施Investment capital投资资本Antidurmping suits反倾销起诉Fledging conglomerates新兴的跨行业工资Literacy rate脱盲率,识字率Middle class中产阶级Nouveau riche暴发户Government-backed loans 政府担保贷款Human-rights restrictions 人权限制Political liberalization政治自由化Political opposition政治反对派Driving force驱动力Labor-cost advantage劳动力成本优势Industrial group工业集团Basic industries基础工业Industrial structure工业结构Industrial giants大工业企业Business setback商业挫折Tax breaks税额优惠Direct subsidies直接补贴Market forces 市场力量Financial system金融体制Official interest rates官方汇率Consumer market消费市场9贸易新星Gulf region海湾地区Sovereignty dispute主权争端GCC(gulf cooperation council)海湾合作委员会OPEC (organization of petroleum exporting)石油输出国组织Carbon tax双重税收Firm order实盘Non-oil trade非石油贸易Manufacturing capacity生产能力Government grants政府津贴Risk-weighted assets风险加权资产Import surcharge进口附加税Certificates of origin原产地证书The developing areas开发区Lucrative fees利率报酬10从关税贸易总协定到世界贸易组织Economic growth促进经济发展Common agricultural policy (CAP)共同农业政策Liberal market自由贸易Market force市场力量Monopoly purchasing boards统购部门Export subsidies生产补贴The administration’goals政府目标Technical standards技术水平Anti-dumping measures反倾销措施Countervailing duty反倾销税,抵消性关税Intellectual property right知识产权Trade in services服务贸易Farm-trade liberalization农业贸易自由化Majority vote多数选票Straight forward of vote直接否定权11易货贸易仍在使用I nternational financial institution国际金融机构Currency reserves货币储备Of equivalent value同等价值Mean of trade贸易方式Client states附属国International monetary found(IMF)国际货币基金组织Multilateral trade多边贸易Convertible currency可兑换货币Burden of debt债务负担Debt service=intrerst payment利息付款Debtor nation债务国Export earning出口收入Multinational corporations跨国公司Compensation agreements补偿贸易协定Clearing agreements清算系统Bilateral pacts双边协议Credit-starved信用危机Letter of credit信用证12市场竞争Test market试销市场Baby-boomers生育高峰期出生的人Consumer coupons消费优惠劵Price promotions价格促销Exclusive contract独家经销合同Competitive in price andguanlity价格和质量上的竞争力All-out sales campaigns大规模销售战役Hard sell硬销售Heavy discounting大幅度打折Soft drink软饮料Retail sales零售Special promotion特殊销售13市场分析Export market出口市场Fast food shop快餐The method of packing包装方式Subsidized competition补贴性竞争Grocery store杂货店Wet market鲜货市场The retial market零售市场Promote sales促销商品Export enhancement programe增加出口计划Structure of trade贸易结构Preserved duck eggs咸鸭蛋14初级商品市场Soft commodities非耐用初级产品Agricultural commodoties农产品Surplus produce剩余产品Financial futures以期货形式交易的有价证劵The money market货币市场The equity market一般的股票市场Basic raw materials基本原材料Conference on trade and development联合国贸易和发展协会Currency movements货币变动Special drawing right特别提取款Food price index食品价格指数Glut of supplies供应过剩Devastating consequences毁灭性后果Spin-offs副作用Cash-strapped现金短缺at its weakest萧条services sector服务部门official austerity programmers政府紧缩计划foreign exchange earnings外汇收入unit commodity price单位初级产品价格real interest rates实际利率stores of vaule储备价值liquid assets流动资产price volatility价格多变speculative business投机生意the patten of supply and demand供需模式export quote出口配额in short supply 供应短缺15初级商品市场行情电传报告Commodities dealers初级商品交易商Stock exchange证劵交易所Investment support投资支持Regained ground重得青睐Labour dispute劳务纠纷Export figures出口量Good resistance强烈抵制Discount rate贴现率Labour-agreement劳动协议Bleak outlook前景黯淡Futures markets期货市场Spot market现货市场Strategic stockpile战略性库存Take prices back使价格回升Terminal prices期货价格International coffe organizayion(ICO)国际咖啡组织Upward adjustment 上调Replacement costs重置成本。

2020年10月00096外刊经贸知识选读真题及答案

2020年10月00096外刊经贸知识选读真题及答案

一、单项选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组,请将其选出并将答题卡(纸)的相应代码涂黑。

错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

1. Whenever there is shortage of any specific goods,we'll replace by other goods with equivalent value.A. sameB. extraC. highD. low2. The slump in consumer confidence has created panic in the stock market.A. slow-downB. go-aheadC. drop-offD. speed-up3. The progress in European integration provides a solid underpinning for Europe's future development.A. theoryB. criticC. explanationD. basis4. Our country will achieve a state of law and order that we all aspire to.A. learn fromB. long forC. start upD. cope with5. If those systems are of high quality,your business will have an edge on the competitors.A. advantageB. pressureC. threatD. border6. Our economic relationship with China adds $2,400 per annum to every household through exports and investment.A. forevery shareB. for every yearC. for everyoneD. for every country7. We drew lessons from other countries about risk management in the wake of the financial crisis last year.A. betweenB. afterC. beforeD. during8. The American goverment avoided a direct confrontation with China on the currency issue.A. negotiationB. contactC. compromiseD. fight9. During the process of globalization,the enterprises should take measures to reduce the pollical risks.A. accountB. sizesC. actionsD. care10. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is supporting the efforts of some U.S. lawmakers to end the trade embargo on Cuba.A. relationB. freedomC. prohibitionD. dispute11. Some politicians accuse the U.S. of deliberately wrecking such agreement.A. supportingB. destroyingC. opposingD. pushing12. Officials in China are urging eligible couples to have two children because of concerns over an ageing population.A. qualifiedB. urbanC. powerfulD. wealthy13. China's average tariff level has dropped to 5% now as the country fulfills its commitments to the WTO.A. outputB. employmentC. salaryD. tax14. For the past ten years,Japan has been virtually at a standstill while a number of countries promoted bilateral economic partnerships.A. prosperityB. stagnationC. deteriorationD. stability15. We believe the reduction should be easily offset by the unexpected increase in investment growth.A. increasedB. cutC. maintainedD. compensated二、判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。

外刊经贸知识选读 课 带中文翻译 (3)

外刊经贸知识选读 课 带中文翻译 (3)

旺旺英语Lesson 3Beijing Rising(Excerpts)China’s emergence as an economic heavyweight after more than a decade of fast growth makes it likely to supplant Japan as the West’s main trade worry in AsiaBy Frank Gibney Jr.经过十多年的快速发展,中国作为举足轻重的经济强国的出现,使得中国有可能取代日本,而成为西方在亚洲的主要贸易对手。

If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks. The traffic on Highway 204 is so thick that the trip from Shanghai to Zhangjiagang –only 115 kilometers away –takes five hours.如果有一条通向中国未来的路,那就是穿越上海的204国道。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

第13课市场分析Hong Kong is Tops at Cracking U.S.Shell Eggs香港是美国蛋类的大市场By Michael L.HumphreyWhile most people think of Hong Kong as a small market, it is, in fact, the largest export market for U.S.shell eggs.In 1985, the United States exported over 7 million dozen shell eggs valued as $ 4 million for food use in Hong Kong.That market alone accounted for half of the volume and 40 per cent of the value of total U.S.exports of shell eggs for food use.大多数人认为香港是一个小市场,可它实际上是美国蛋类的最大的出口市场。

1985年,美国向香港出口了7百多万打食用蛋类,价值4百万美元。

仅此市场就占据了美国食用蛋类出口量的一半,总价值的40%。

Hong Kong consumers enjoy a variety of shell eggs, including fresh hen and duck eggs, dyed eggs for special occasions, eggs cooked in salt or tea leaves, pigeon eggs and preserved duck eggs.Fresh hen eggs, however, are the most popular item.香港的消费者喜欢各种蛋类,包括鲜鸡蛋,鲜鸭蛋,特殊场合下使用的彩蛋,咸鸡蛋和茶叶蛋,鸽子蛋和腌鸭蛋。

可是,它们当中,还是鲜鸡蛋最受欢迎。

Each consumer in Hong Kong eats an average of 215 fresh eggs and 20 preserved or dyed eggs each year.According to Hong Kong import statistics, the territory annually imports more than 1.2 billion fresh shell eggs valued at $ 52 million.In addition, Hong Kong produces 4.5 million dozen hen, duck and goose eggs and 12 million dozen quail eggs annually.香港的每个消费者每年平均吃掉215个鲜鸡蛋,20个腌鸡蛋或彩蛋。

根据香港进口统计数字,该地区每年要进口12亿多个鲜蛋,价值5200万美元。

此外,香港每年还自己生产450万打鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鹅蛋以及1200万打鹌鹑蛋。

Chinese eggs dominate the fresh egg market with more than an 80-per cent share.Thailand became the second largest supplier in 1984, following a nearly eightfold increase over 1983 shipments.The United States is currently the third largest supplier with a 7.5-per cent market share in 1985—up from 6.8 per cent in 1984.Egg imports from the Netherlands also showed a dramatic increase in 1985.中国鸡蛋以80%以上的市场份额统治香港的鲜蛋市场。

1984年,泰国成为香港的第二大供应商,供货量比1983年增长了近8倍。

目前,美国是香港的第三大供应商,从1984年6.8%的市场占有率增长到现在的7.5%。

1985年,从荷兰进口的蛋类也有了显著的增长。

Chinese Prefer Brown Eggs 中国人偏爱棕色蛋The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer brown eggs over white.In fact, 90 per cent more of the fresh eggs consumed are brown.The major outlets for white eggs are hotels, western-style restaurants and fast food shops. 和白色蛋相比,占香港总人口95%的中国人则更喜欢棕色蛋。

实际上,他们消费的90%或以上的鸡蛋都是棕色的。

而白色蛋的主要销路是旅馆、西式饭店和快餐店。

Chinese consumers prefer the deeper color of brown egg yolks—often consideredessential to the color of many Chinese dishes.Chinese-style restaurants also find that brown eggs are more popular with customers.中国消费者更喜欢棕色蛋的蛋黄,因为它颜色较深,因而被认为是许多中国菜不可缺少的颜色。

中国餐馆还发现棕色蛋更受顾客欢迎。

Chinese eggs have a unique odor that can be advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the consumer.中国蛋有一种独特的气味,既可以被当成优势也可以被当成劣势,完全取决于消费者。

To the Chinese consumer, the odor is indicative of a “good egg” and is an important reason, in addition to a price advantage, for the popularity of Chinese eggs.The odor, however, is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels, western-style restaurants and fast food outlets.对中国消费者来说,这种气味是好鸡蛋的指标,是除价格优势之外,中国鸡蛋受欢迎的又一重要原因。

然而,这种气味也是中国鸡蛋被旅馆、西式饭店和快餐店拒绝的一个主要原因。

U.S.Brown Eggs Fail To Compete 美国棕色蛋在竞争中失败Virtually all eggs imported from the United States are white.This is due in part to the fact that the availability of European brown eggs at lower prices has made U.S.brown eggs uncompetitive.但是,对等贸易并不是债务国所独有的。

约非说:“即使像澳大利亚、加拿大和印度尼西亚这样外汇地位强健的国家也坚持在某些领域从事对等贸易。

把进口和出口联系起来是一种对跨国公司施加权力的途径。

缺乏国际营销专业知识的国家试图用对等贸易作为杠杆来推动跨国公司的内部市场网络。

”实际上从美国进口的所有鸡蛋都是白色的。

部分原因是在市场上以更低的价格就可以买到欧洲的棕色蛋,这使美国棕色蛋失去了竞争力。

Packing and grading of U.S.brown eggs is also difficult because unlike U.S.white eggs, U.S.brown eggs vary markedly in size.Eggs from medium to extra large are packed in the same carton, resulting in frequent breakage of larger eggs.而且,美国棕色蛋的包装和分级也很困难。

因为不同于美国白色蛋,美国棕色蛋的大小差别显著。

中等大小的鸡蛋和超大号的鸡蛋被装在同一个纸板箱中,常常造成较大鸡蛋的破裂。

Wholesalers or retailers in Hong Kong also must sort the eggs by sizes, which creates extra work.香港的批发商和零售商还必须按蛋的大小分类,这样就增添了许多额外的工作。

Importers point out that with alternative suppliers now available, U.S.brown eggs cannot compete without improvement in the method of packing.进口商指出,因为现在有可供选择的供应商,美国棕色蛋如果不改进包装方式,是无法参与竞争的。

In the white egg market, however, U.S.eggs have enjoyed a distinct advantage.Hotels, restaurants and institutions recognize the consistent high quality of U.S.eggs.然而,在白色蛋市场上,美国却一直享有明显的优势。

宾馆、饭店和社会公共机构公认,美国蛋的质量一贯很高。

Another advantage is that U.S.eggs can be kept for a comparatively long time.The shipping time of 14 to 16 days from the U.S.West coast, compared to 30 days fromEurope, also has given U.S.white eggs a competitive edge.美国蛋的另一个优势是保存时间相对较长。

相关文档
最新文档