全球营销学-国际市场营销答案

第一章

3. Describe some of the global marketing strategies available to companies. Give examples of companies that use the different strategies. (1)

Global marketing strategies: 1. global market participation is the extent to which a company has operations in major world markets; 2. standardization versus adaptation is the extent to which each marketing mix element can be standardized or adapted in various country markets; 3. concentration of marketing activities is the extent to which activities related to marketing mix are performed in one or a few country locations; 4. coordination of marketing activities is the extent to which activities related to marketing mix are performed interdependently around the globe; 5. integration of competitive moves is the extent to which a firm 's competitive marketing tactics in different parts of world are interdependent.

Examples: 1. Coke is the best-known, strongest brand, as the Coca-Cola Company, supporting its Coke, Fanta, and Powerade brands with marketing mix elements both that are globe and local, is adept at adapting sales promotion, distribution, and customer service efforts to local needs; 2.Mcdonald 's business model is a restaurant system that can be set up virtually anywhere in the world and offers core menu items-hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks-in most countries, and the company also customizes menu offerings according to local eating customs.

5.Describe the difference between ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric management orientations(1)

Ethnocentric orientation: home country is superior to the rest of the world, sees similarities in foreign countries ，leads to a standardized or extension approach;

Polycentric orientation : the opposite of ethnocentrism, each country in which a company does business is unique, sees differences in foreign countries, leads to localized or adaption approach;

Regioce ntric orie ntati on: a regi on becomes the releva nt geographic un it; man ageme nt's goal is

to develop an integrated regional strategy;

Geocentric orientation ：views the entire world as a potential market and strives to develop integrated world market strategies.

第二章

1. Explain the difference between market capitalism, centrally planned capitalism, centrally planned socialism, and market socialism. Give an example of a country that illustrates each type of system. ( 2)

Market capitalism is an economic system in which individuals and firms allocate resources and production resources are privately owned. (England).

Centrally planned capitalism is an economic system in which command resource allocation is utilized extensively in an environment of private resource ownership. (Sweden)

Centrally planned socialism, in this type of economic system, the state has broad powers to serve the public interest as it sees fit. (Former Soviet Union)

Market socialism, in such a system, market allocation policies are permitted within an overall environment of state ownership. (China)