lecture3

Lecture 3
Objectives
Consolidate word formations and be able to interpret them.
Memorize a number of the meanings of roots.
Work out the basic meaning of some words with familiar roots.
◆Go over word formation. Study how the words were back-formed and indicate their original word.
1.proof-read
2.housekeep
3.brainwash
4.air-condition
5.baby-sit
6.sightsee
7.window-shop
8.caretake
9.ghostwrite
10.sleep-walk
◆ Identify the back formation of the following words.
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1.Faces are ___________.
2.Hopes are ___________.
3.Teeth ___________.
4.Cars ___________.
5.Beef is ___________.
6.Potatoes are ___________.
7.Rooms are ___________.
8.Prisoners are ___________.
9.Enemies ___________.
Key
1. bashed
2. dashed
3. gnashed
4. crash
5. hashed
6. mashed
7. trashed
8. lashed
9. clash
◆ Find out how the phonaesthemes are related in meaning.
1. flash flare flame flicker
2. whisper whist whistle
3. crick crinkle crabbed criss-cross cramp
4. violent vitriolic vituperation vicious venomous
key
suggestion of moving light
suggestion of a low sound
suggestion of crookedness
suggestion of ill temper
◆ Describe how the animals and insects make noises.
1.Asses ___________.
2.Birds ___________.
3.Camels ___________.
4.Cats and kittens ___________.
5.Cocks ___________.
6.Cows and oxen ___________.
7.Crows ___________.
8.Dogs ___________.
9.Doves and pigeons ___________.
10.Flies ___________.
11.Frogs ___________.
12.Geese ___________.
13.Goats and sheep ___________.
14.Hens ___________.
15.Mice ___________.
16.Seagulls ___________.
17.tigers ___________.
18.snakes ___________.
Key
1.bray
2.sing, twitter
3.grunt
4.mew
5.crow
6.low
7.caw
8.bark
9.coo
10.buzz
11.croak
12.cackle
13.bleat
14.cackle
15.squeak
16.scream
17.growl
18.hiss
Directions: In this part, you will read 60 sentences. Please find out the word or expression in each group of the words which is close in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.
11.The allusions to my thological characters in Milton’s poems bewilder the reader who has not
studied Latin.
A) ambiguous inferences B) indirect references C) critical remarks D) false interpretations
12.We were appalled by the horrifying conditions in the city’s jails.
A) flustered B) dismayed C) disengaged D) exasperated
13.It took Rembrandt weeks of assiduous labor before he was satisfied with his portrait of his
son.
A) diligent B) impressive C) offensive D) massive
14.Y outh’s aspirations should be as lofty as the stars.
A) obligations B) ambitions C) passions D) experiences
15.The company hasn’t had a proper audit for over a year.
A) income B) profit C) audience D) inspection
16.The island is a colony; however, in most matters, it is autonomous and receives no orders
from the mother country.
A) long-established B) anarchic C) independent D) self-centered
17.The group held biennial meetings instead of annual ones.
A) every two days B) every two weeks C) every two years D) every two decades
18.The crim inal’s fatal blunder led to his capture.
A) weakness B) error C) taboo D) instinct
19.Brevity is essential when you send a telegram; you are charged for every word.
A) wordiness B) diction C)conciseness D) grammar
20.The Social Democrats have to cede the leadership of the current coalition to the Republics.
A) deny B) transfer C) withhold D) lease
21.The content of philosophical works is cerebral in nature and requires much thought.
A) intellectual B) sophisticated C) specious D) diverse
22.Mathematics problems sometimes require much cerebration.
A) revision B) thought C) precaution D) tactic
23.Though Jack was emotionally immature, his cognitive development was admirable; he was
very advanced intellectually.
A) physical B) psychological C) mental D) spiritual
24.Some people find the coincident events in Hardy’s novels annoyingly improbable.
A) accidental B) tragic C) previous D) simultaneous
25.Two writers collaborated in preparing this book.
A) complained B) confronted C) teamed up D) divorced
26.The new commemorative stamp honors the late Martin Luther King.
A) memorizing B) common C) remembering D) popular
27.Britain cannot rely on concerted EEC action on that issue.
A) massive B) disputable C) concurrent D) coordinated
28.In Revolt of the Black Athlete, sociologist Harry Edwards contends that young black athletes
have been exploited by some college recruiters.
A) suspects B) asserts C) doubts D) assures
29.Mr. Barret didn’t expect his frail da ughter Elizabeth to contravene his will by eloping with
Robert Browning.
A) ignore B) resist C) condemn D) distort
30.During the transit strike, commuters used various kinds of conveyances.
A) transferences B) conveniences C) vehicles D) transitions
31.Mr. Pajet’s tone didn’t sound particularly cordial.
A) heartfelt B) courteous C) sympathetic D) offensive
32.The US Congress is the counterpart of the British Parliament.
A) opponent B) equivalent C) competitor D) spokesman
33.His inauguration as President of the United States marked the culmination of his political
career.
A) zenith B) maturity C) terminal D) destination
34.Despite the body’s advanced state of decomposition, the police were able to identify the
murdered man.
A) bruise B) wound C) decay D) complexion
35.Vigorous dancing quickly dehydrates the body; between dances, be sure to drink more water
than normal.
A) wears out B) dries out C) turns on D) drains out
36.He is a powerful storyteller, but he is weakest when he attempts to delineate character.
A) appraise B) criticize C) stimulate D) portray
37.The magician was so dexterous that we could not follow his movements as he performed his
tricks.
A) ridiculous B) exaggerating C) discreet D) masterly
38.The campaign was highly negative in tone; each candidate tried to discredit the other.
A) diminish B) humiliate C) threaten D) defame
39.The diversity of colleges in this country indicates that many levels of ability are being served.
A) complexity B) majority C) variety D) monotony
40.The efficacy of this drug depends on the regularity of the dosage.
A) desired effect B) side effect C) essence D) prescription
41.On the death of Princess Diana, Elton John composed the elegy “Candles in the Wind” to
express his sorrow.
A) anthem B) lamenting songs C) eulogy D) sonata
42.To receive praise for real accomplishments engenders self-confidence in a child.
A) generates B) spoils C) misleads D) endows
43.When do children start being aware of themselves as separate entities?
A) individuals B) personalities C) adults D) roles
44.Sociology is one aspect of the science of ethnology.
A) anthropology B) etymology C) ideology D) physiology
45.All the eulogies of his friends could not remove the sting of the calumny heaped upon him by
his enemies.
A) encouragement B) sentiment C) compassion D) compliments
46.Although she was knowledgeable in a number of fields, she was hired for her patience
expertise in computer programming.
A) profession B) specialty C) scholarship D) experience
47.This kiss was full of the fervor of first love.
A) passion B) innocence C) conviction D) prudence
48.The fineness and adroitness of the surgeon impressed the observers in the operating room.
A) intricacy B) prudence C) delicate skill D) intuition
49.After several fitful attempts, he decided to postpone the start of the project until he felt more
energetic.
A) fruitless B) preliminary C) resolute D) spasmodic
50.Because she was a botanist, she spent most of her time studying the flora of the desert.
A) specimen B) plants C) flowers D) habitats
51.He was proud of his genealogy and constantly referred to the achievements of his ancestors.
A) genesis B) originality C) lineage D) prestige
52.When her supervisor ignored her complaint, she took her grievance to the union.
A) reverence B) earnestness C) constraint D) complaint
53.I prefer to shop in a store that has a one-price policy because, whenever I haggle with a
shopkeeper, I am never certain that I paid a fair price for the articles I purchased.
A) parley B) dispute C) diverge D) bargain
54.It was difficult to step out one’s place in this hierarchy.
A) convention B) ranking system C) regime D) controversy
55.A dog that bites a human being must be observed for symptoms of hydrophobia.
A) rabies B) fear of dog C) anemia D) insomnia
56.The defense attorney claimed that he police had entrapped his client; that is, they had the elicit
action of which they now accused him.
A) illusory B) aggressive C) illegal D) hypercritical
57.The comedian turned down the invitation to join the Player’s Club, saying any club that would
let him in was too inclusive for him.
A) decisive B) comprehensive C) exclusive D) imposing
58.The discovery of the planet Pluto is an excellent example of the results that can be obtained
from inductive reasoning.
A) irrelevant B) cognitive C) exclusive D) inferential
59.We must be particularly cautious when we infer that a person is guilty on the basis of
circumstantial evidence.
A) argue B) suspect C) deduce D) propose
60.We admire Auden for his inimitable use of language; he is one of a kind.
A) adept B) flawless C) profound D) matchless
61.Lincoln, whose personal integrity has inspired millions, fought a civil war to maintain the
integrity of the republic, that these United States might remain undivided for all time.
A) prestige B) perseverance C) uprightness D) boldness
62.She had no respect for him because he seemed weak-willed and irresolute.
A) insensitive B) determined C) cowardly D) hesitant
63.Let us be serious; this is not a ludicrous issue.
A) ceremonious B) tedious C) consequential D) laughable
64.Mr. Barret never expected his meek daughter would dare to defy him by eloping with her
suitor.
A) introvert B) indolent C) considerate D) submissive
65.In the microcosm of our rural village, we find illustrations of all the evils that beset the
universe.
A) miniature B) metropolis C) cosmos D) small world
66.To avoid misapprehension, I am going to ask all of you to repeat the instructions I have given.
A) conflict B) chaos C) annoyance D) misunderstanding
67.A career woman and mother, she was constantly busy with the multifarious activities of her
daily life.
A) irrelevant B) complex C) diversified D) stressful
68.The first settlers found so much work to do that they had little time for nostalgia.
A) homesickness B) sentiment C) mourning D) retrospect
69.I was impressed by the range of optional accessories for my microcomputer that were
available.
A) practice B) compulsory C) selective D) convenient
70.By disguising himself as an old woman, Holmes was able to outwit his pursuers and escape
capture.
A) expel B) exclude C) outsmart D) perplex
◆ Study the words and try to choose one term for them, paying attention to the allomorphs of in- and ex-.
internal← external
Internality ←externality
imbed← embed
immerge ← emerge
intension ← extension
intensive ← extensive
impel ← expel
impeller←expeller
impellent←expellant
impend← expend
implicate←explicate
implication←explication
implicative←explicative
(implicatory)←explicatory
implicit←explicit
imploratory ←exploratory
Import ← export
Importable ← exportable Importation ← exportation Importer ←exporte r impose← expose imposing← exposing imposed←exposed imposition←exposition (imposive) ←exposive (imposure )←exposure include←exc lude inclusive←exclusive inclusion← exclusion includible←excludible incog←
inculpatory←exculpatory inspiration←expiration internee←(externee)
intra←extra
intricate←extricate intrinsic←extrinsic introvert ← extrovert introverted← extroverted introversion←extroversion introversive←extroversive intrude←extrude
intrusion←extrusion intrusive←extrusive intubate←extubate intubation←extubation influence←effluence inflorescence←efflorescence inflorescent←efflorescent (infloresce)←effloresce ingression←egression involute←evolute involution←evolution (involutive)←evolutive involve←evolve。