法律英语中的正当防卫

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法律英语名词解释

法律英语名词解释A:1 acquittal 宣告无罪The legal certification ,usu. by jury verdict that an accused person is not guilty of the charged offense.2.authority 法源A legal writing taken as definitive or decisive, esp. a judicial or administrative decision cited asa precedent.3 ALI american law institute 美国法学会An organization of lawyers ,judges,and legal scholars who promote aonsistency and sincplification of american law by publishing restatement ,as well as promoting continuing legal education.4, .article of incorporation公司章程A document that set forth the basic terms of a corporation's existence, including the number and classes of shares and the purposes and durations of the corporation.C:1.criminal law 刑法The body of law defining offenses against the community at large regulating how suspects are investigated, charged and tried and establishing punishment for convicted offenders.2.crime 犯罪A social harm that the law makes punishable , the breach of a legal duty treated as the subject-matter of a criminal proceeding.3.criminal procedure 刑事诉讼程序The rules governing the mechanisms under which crimes are investigated, prosecuted，adjudicated, and punishment.4.civil rights 民权The individual rights of personal liberty by bill of rights and 13th, 14th, 15th and 19th amendment, as well as by legislation such as the voting right act.5.civil-rights act 民权法案One of several federal statutes enacted after the civil war and much later during and after civil-rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s, and intended to implement and give further force to the basic rights guaranteed by constitution and esp. prohibiting discrimination in employment, and education on the basis of race, sex, religion, color or rage.6.civil action 民事诉讼An action brought to enforce redress or protect a private or civil rights, a non-criminal litigation.7.contract合同An agreement between two or more parties creating obligations that are enforceble or otherwise recognizable at law./doc/d015846175.html,munity property共同财产权Property owned in common by husband and wife as a result of its having been acquired the marriage by means other than an inheritance or a gift to one spouse ,each spouse holding a one-half interests in the property.9.corporation公司An entity having authority under law to act as a single person distinct from the shareholders whoown it and having rights to issue stock and exist indefinitely D:1.damages 损害赔偿金Money claimed by, or ordered to be paid to ,a person ascompensation tor loss or injury.2.duty of care 注意义务In torts, it also termed duty ,a legal relationship arising from a standard of care ,the violation of which subjects the actor to liability.3.doctrine of resipsa loquacious不言自明原则The doctrine providing that in some circumstance ,the mere acts of an accidents occurrence raises an inference of negligencr so as to establish a prime facie case.4.director 董事长A person appointed or elected to sit on a board that manages that affairs of a corporation or company by electing and erercising control over its officers.E:1.EEOC Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 平等工作机会委员会A federal agency created under civil rights act of 1964 to the end discrimination employment practice and to promote nondiscriminatory employment programs.2.easement 通行权地役权An interest in land owned by another person ,consisting in the right to use or contral the land ,or an area above or below it, for a specific limited purpose.F:1.fraud 欺诈Unconscionable dealing esp. in contract law, the unconsciontious use of the power arising out of the parties relative positions and resulting in an unconscionable bargain.2.foreclosure 丧失赎回权A legal proceeding to terminate a mortgagor's interest inproperty ,instituted by the lender ,either to gain titleor to force a sale in order to satisfy the unpaid debt secured by the property.3.federal antitrust act 联邦反托拉斯法The body of law designed to protect trade and commence from restrains, monopolie price-fixing and price discrimination.4.frustration 合同落空The doctrine that if the entire performance of a contract becomes fundamentally changed without any fault by either party ,the contract is considered terminated force.I:1.insanity defense 以精神病作辩护An affirmative defense alleging that a mental disorder caused to commit the crime2.imprisonment 监禁incarcerationThe act of confining a person esp. in a prison. the act or process of confining someone .J:1.jury 陪审团A group of persons selected according to law and given the power to decide questions of act and return a verdict in the case submitted to them.2.joint-venture corporation 合营公司A corporation that has joined with one or more individuals or corporation to accomplish more specified project.M,N,O:.manslaughter 非预谋杀人过失杀人The unlawful killing of human being without malice and aforethought.mistake 重大误解The situation in which the parties to a contract did not meanthing or when one or both ,while meaning the same thing ,formed untrue conclusions about the subject matter of the contract as a result of which the contract may be rendered void.misrepresentation 虚假陈述The act of making a false or misleading statement about sth. usu. with the intend to deceive. mislaid property错置财产Property that has been voluntarily relinquished by the owner with an intend to recover it later but that cannot now be found.nuisance 妨害行为A condition or situation that interferes with the use or enjoyment of property liability might or might not arise from the condition or situation.ordinance 法令An authoritative law or decree ,esp. a municipal regulation .municipal governments can pass ordinances on matters that the state governments allows to be regulated at the local level. ownership所有权The cllection of rights allowing one to use ,possess and enjoy property ,including the rights to convey it to others .S:self-defense 正当防卫The use of force to protect oneself ,one's family, or one's property from a real or threatened attack .generally speaking a person is justified in using a reasonable amount of force in self-defense if he or she believe that the danger or bodily harm.sanction 制裁punishmentA penallty or coercive measure that results from failure to comply with a law ,rule, or order. sentence宣判The judgement that a court formally pronounces after finding a criminal defendant guilty the punishment imposed ona criminal wrongdoer.summary judgement 简易审判A judgement granted on a claim about which there is no genuine issue of material fact and uponwhich the moion is entitled to prevail as a matter of law.secondary authority 次要法源Authority that explain the law but does not itself establish it, such as a treatise, annotation or law-view article.stare decisis遵循先例原则Latin to standby things decided the doctrine of precedent,under which it is necessary for a count to follow earlier judicial decision when the same points arise again in litigation.subsidiary corporation 子公司A corporation in which a parent corporation has a controlling share.shell corporation 空壳公司A corporation that has no active business and usu. exists only in name as a vehicle for another company's business operations.shareholder 股东One who owns or holds a share in a company, esp. a corporation. also termed share owner or stock holder.security 证券An instrument that evidences the holders ownership rights in a firm,the holder's creditor relationship with a firm or government or the other rights.security and exchange commission证券交易委员会The federal agency the regulates the issuance and trading of securities in an effort to protect investor against fraudulent or unfair practices.security exchange act of 1934证券交易条例The federal law regulating the public trading of securities,which provides for the registration and supervision of securities exchanges and brokers and regulates proxy solicitations.P:provocation 挑衅刺激Something that arouses anger or animoity in another that person to respond in the heat of passion.primary authority 首要法源Authority that issues directly from a law making body, legisation and the reports of litegated cases.persuasive authority 劝导性法源Authority that carries some weight but is not binding on a court .pledge 保证，抵押A bailment or other deposit of personal property to a creditor as security for a debt or obligation. parent corporation 母公司A corporation that has a controlling interest in another corporation usu. through ownership of more than one-half the voting stock .partnership合伙企业A voluntary association of two or more persons who joinly own and carry on a business for profit.quantum meruit 无合同约定时的合理给付The reasonable value of services damages awarded in an amount ,considerded reasonable tocompensate a person who has rendered services in a quasi-contractual relationship.R:restatement重述One of several influential treatises, published by american law institute ,describing the law in a given area and guiding its development.remedy 救济The means of enforcing a right or preventing or readdressing a wrong legal or equitable relief. real property 不动产Land and anything growing on ,attached to or erect on it ,excluding anything that may be severed without injury to the land .T:.tort 侵权A civil wrong for which a remedy may be obtained ,usu. in the form of damages,a breach of duty that the law impose on everyone in the same relation to one another as those involved in a given transaction.tortfeasor 侵权行为者One who commits a tort ,a wrongdoerU:.UCC:uniform commercial code 统一商法典A uniform law that grovens commercial transaction ,including sales of goods ,secured transaction ,and negotiable instrument.uniform partnership act 统一合伙条例A model code promulgated in 1914 to bring uniformity to state laws governing general and limited partnerships.warranty担保A covenant by which the grantor in deed promises to secure to the grantee the estate conveyed in the deed ,and pledges to compensate the grantee with other land if the grantee is evictedby someone having better title .。

法律英语常用词汇(一)

法律英语词汇一、有关机构的词汇司法部门，司法的judiciary法院court基层人民法院Basic People's Court中级人民法院Intermediate People's Court高级人民法院High People's Court最高人民法院Supreme People's Court专门人民法院special people's court军事法院military court海事法院maritime court铁路运输法院railway transport court审委会judicial committee合议庭collegial panel侦查机关public security inspectorate检察机关procuratorate公诉机关public prosecution organ公安局public security bureau派出所public security station地方人民检察院local people's procuratorate人民调解委员会the people's conciliation committees 居民委员会neighborhood committee村民委员会village committee民政部门civil affairs department二、有关身份和称谓的词汇公民citizen法人legal person未成年人minor成年人adult外国人alien无国籍人stateless person无诉讼行为能力人person with no legal capacity 监护人guardian个体工商户Individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding farm household个人合伙individual partnership法官judge代理审判员acting judge陪审员assessor陪审团jury检察官prosecutor代理检察员acting prosecutor公诉人public prosecutor当事人party, litigant法定代表人legal representative代理人agent诉讼代理人Agents ad Litem法定代理人statutory agent原告complainant；plaintiff；prosecutor；accuser 共同原告co-plaintiff被告defendant；the accused共同被告co-defendant上诉人petitioner被上诉人appellee, respondent受害者victim犯人convict惯犯habitual offender犯罪分子offender律师lawyer attorney公证人public notary监狱长warden证人witness书记员clerk翻译人员interpreter鉴定人expert witnesse勘验人inspection personnel外国企业foreign enterprise债权人creditor债务人debtor要约人offeror受要约人offeree作者author三、有关程序的词汇案件case办案handle a case诉讼lawsuit案由nature of case案件受理费litigation fee起诉initiate legal proceeding，sue, file a lawsuit反诉counter-claim公诉public prosecution公诉书bill of indictment仲裁arbitration合议panel hearing回避withdrawal公开审判public trial两审终审原则the court of second instance being that of last instance 审判权judicial power住所domicile惯常居所地habitual residence财产所在地situs公告public announcement书证documentary evidence物证material evidence视听资料audio-visual material证人证言testimony of witness传闻证据hearsay当事人陈述statements of the parties鉴定结论expert conclusion勘验笔录records of inspection质证cross-examine上诉appeal提起上诉file an appeal申请执行apply for execution独立审判independent adjudication发回重审remand a lawsuit for a new trial维持原判uphold verdict发生法律效力be legally effective管辖权jurisdiction管辖权异议objection to the jurisdiction of a court标的物管辖权subject matter jurisdiction对人管辖权in personam jurisdiction对物管辖权in rem jurisdiction级别管辖jurisdiction by forum level专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction起诉阶段the pleading stage审理trial不予受理refusal to entertain a case驳回起诉rejection of a complaint中止诉讼suspension of legal proceeding终结诉讼termination of legal proceeding缺席判决default judgment承认、放弃、变更诉讼请求admit, waive or modify claims 提起反诉file a counterclaim简易程序summary procedure普通程序ordinary procedure辩护defense调解mediate reconciliation和解accord庭外和解an out-of-court settlement胜诉winning suit撤销withdraw开庭in session法庭辩论court debate处罚penalty处以…的惩罚under penalty of从宽处理lenient punishment；liberal punishment从轻处罚impose a lenient sentence；lighter punishment 从重处罚heavier punishment；severe punishment调查investigation调查取证investigate and collect evidence定案结论verdict定案理由reason for decision财产保全property preservation先予执行advance execution检举accusation鉴定identification结案wind up a case, close a case, settle a lawsuit委托代理entrusted agency法定代理statutory agency指定代理appointed agency公开审理public hearing供认confession共谋collude共同犯罪joint offence共同实施违法行为jointly committed the offence故意伤害intentional injury过失negligence过失杀人manslaughter合法权益lawful benefit；lawful right核实verify缓期执行suspension of execution缓刑suspended sentence极刑capital punishment加重刑罚aggravate punishment假释parole假证据false evidence监内执行execution of punishment inside the prison 监狱jail；prison捏造fabrication捏造证据fabricate evidence伪证perjury搜查令search warrant死刑capital punishment；death penalty他杀homicide通缉令order for arrest窝藏罪犯harbor a criminal无期徒刑life sentence；life imprisonment宣告无罪absolve作案现场scene of crime标的subject matter禁令injunction优势证据preponderance of evidence表面证据prima facie case挑选法院forum-shopping四、有关法律法规的词汇宪法Constitutional law民事诉讼法Civil Procedure Law行政诉讼法Administrative Procedure Law刑事诉讼法criminal procedure law知识产权法intellectual property law国际法international law国际私法international private law法案bill法令decree法律行为act under the law民事法律行为civil juristic act法律后果legal effect法律依据legal basis法律制裁legal sanctions法庭传票bench warrant法院所在地venue of the court反对objection反对驳回objection overruled妨碍司法公正interfere with the course of justice；obstruction of justice 合法的legitimate；lawful非法的illegal；unlawful不动产realty, real property, real estate动产personalty, personal estate, personal property ，chattel违约default抵销Offset留置权，优先权lien期满，到期expire取消，丧失rescind有效的valid无效的invalid主权利principal right从权利accessory right主债务principal debt从债务accessory debt民事权利能力capacity for civil rights民事行为能力capacity for civil conduct完全民事行为能力full capacity for civil conduct 限制民事行为能力limited capacity for civil conduct 代理权agency债权creditors' Right知识产权intellectual Property Right著作权right of authorship版权copyright专利权patent商标专用权exclusive use of trademark证明商标certification trademark发现权right of discovery姓名权right of personal name名称权right of name肖像权right of portrait名誉权right of reputation荣誉权right of honour婚姻自主权right of marriage by choice民事责任civil liability五，其他停止cease查封seal up扣押distrain冻结freeze没收confiscate过错fault正当防卫justifiable defence停止侵害cessation of infringements排除妨碍removal of obstacles消除危险elimination of dangers返还财产return of property恢复原状restoration of original condition修理、重作、更换repair, reworking or replacement 赔偿损失compensation for losses支付违约金payment of breach of contract damages 消除影响elimination of ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitation of reputation赔礼道歉extension of apology诉讼时效limitation of action不可抗力force majeure商誉goodwill假冒经营passing off，palming off在先使用者senior user在后使用者junior user特许权，版税royalty垄断monopoly专利patent有形载体tangible medium域名public domain衍生作品deviate work合理使用fair use损害prejudice合同contract合意mutual assent不当得利unjust enrichment履行、清偿discharge报酬remuneration要约offer承诺acceptance意思表示intent indication要约邀请invitation for offer撤回withdrawn撤销revoke追认ratification公平原则the principle of equity诚实信用原则the principle of good faith 社会公德social ethics公共利益public interest国家秘密State secrets商业秘密trade secrets个人隐私personal privacy破产bankrupt清算 liquidation11。

【全】法律英语单词(按部门法分类)

法律英语专业词汇法理学：法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity; law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法：民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act 违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right 人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health 姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right 亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence 经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act 双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act 要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act 附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term 生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death 准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date期间term国际法：涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility 刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault 推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness 过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology。

法律英语专业术语解读

法律英语专业术语解读：正当防卫Justifiable Defense我国刑法第二十条对正当防卫的规定是：“为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害，而采取的制止不法侵害的行为，对不法侵害人造成损害的，属于正当防卫，不负刑事责任。

正当防卫明显超过必要限度造成重大损害的，应当负刑事责任，但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。

对正在进行行凶、杀人、抢劫、强奸、绑架以及其他严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪，采取防卫行为，造成不法侵害人伤亡的，不属于防卫过当，不负刑事责任。

”If a person employs an act to stop an unlawful infringement for the purposes of avoiding the said infringement for the State's or the public interest or for his own or another person's right of the person, property right or any other right, thus causing harm to the unlawful infringer, the said act shall be regarded as a justifiable defense and the said person shall not bear criminal responsibility.If a justifiable defense apparently exceeds the limits of necessity, thus causing a serious harm, the person involved shall bear criminal responsibility, but be given a mitigated punishment or be exempt from punishment.If a person employs an act of defense to an immediate violent crime of committing physical assault, homicide, robbery, rape, kidnapping or any other crime seriously endangering the safetyof another person, thus causing bodily injury or death to the unlawful infringer, the said act shall not be regarded as a defense that exceeds the limits of necessity, and the said person shall not bear criminal responsibility.用法解读：employs an act：采取......的行动；unlawful infringement：不法侵害；for the purposes of：为了，因为，出于；bear criminal responsibility：承担/担负刑事责任；the said act：前述行为；exceeds the limits of necessity：超过必要限度；exempt from：免予，免除。

法律英语

第一百七十七条有下列情形之一，伪造、变造金融票证的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金；情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金；情节特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚金或者没收财产：(一)伪造、变造汇票、本票、支票的；(二)伪造、变造委托收款凭证、汇款凭证、银行存单等其他银行结算凭证的；(三)伪造、变造信用证或者附随的单据、文件的；(四)伪造信用卡的。

单位犯前款罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依照前款的规定处罚。

Article 177 Whoever commits any of the following acts of forging or altering financial bills shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention and shall also, orshall only, be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than10 years and shall also be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than10 years or life imprisonment and shall also be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan or be sentenced to confiscation of property:(1) forging or altering bills of exchange, promissory notes or cheques;(2) forging or altering settlement certificates of a bank such as certificates of entrustment with the receipt of payment, certificates of remittance and deposit receipts;(3) forging or altering letters of credit or their attached bills and documents; or(4) forging credit cards.Where a unit commits any of the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph, it shall be fined, and the persons who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible for the crime shall be punished according to the provisions in the preceding paragraph.（注：根据2005年2月28日发布的《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（五）》，此条后增加一条，作为第一百七十七条之一:“有下列情形之一，妨害信用卡管理的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处一万元以上十万元以下罚金;数量巨大或者有其他严重情节的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处二万元以上二十万元以下罚金: “（一）明知是伪造的信用卡而持有、运输的，或者明知是伪造的空白信用卡而持有、运输，数量较大的;“（二）非法持有他人信用卡，数量较大的;“（三）使用虚假的身份证明骗领信用卡的;“（四）出售、购买、为他人提供伪造的信用卡或者以虚假的身份证明骗领的信用卡的。

(完整)法律英语词汇大全(,推荐文档

choice
of free will
先买权 preemption 承认权 right of
公平原则 principle 原权
antecedent admission
of justice
right
终止权 right of
等价有偿原则
救济权 right of relief termination
principle of equal 支配权 right of 抗辩权 right of
act
否认权 right of right
民事权利能力 civil claiming cancellation 同时履行抗辩权
right
解除权 right of defense right of
绝对权 absolute renouncement
simultaneous
right
代位权 subrogated performance
value exchange
dominion
defense
诚实信用原则
请求权 right of 一时性抗辩权
principle of good claim
momentary right of
faith
物上请求权 right of defense
行为 act
claim for real thing
永久性抗辩权
relative
防卫行为 act of
姓名权 right of 探视权 visitation defence
name
right
自为行为
self-
名称权 right of 配偶权 right of conducting act

法律英语名词解释

Constitution宪法public law 公法private law 私法common law 普通法civil law 罗马法, 大陆法; 民法case law 判例法statutory law 制定法equity law 衡平法Provisions of Oxford 牛津条例writ 令状writ upon the case 本案令状court of chancery 衡平法院injunction 强制令binding interpretation 具有约束力的法律解释civil suit 民事诉讼action 法律诉讼,诉讼行为the Bar 律师业，司法界barrister 诉讼律师, 大律师, 出庭律师solicitor 非诉律师, 诉状律师, 事务律师advocacy 出廷辩护，代理诉讼single practitioner 单独开业者house counsel 专职法律顾问public prosecutors 公诉人，检察官attorney 律师；检察官Attorney General 司法部长；检察总长Chief Justice 首席大法官litigation 诉讼litigant 诉讼当事人Juris Doctor (JD) 法律博士Master of Laws (LLM) 法学硕士Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) 法学博士curriculum 课程required course 必修课elective course 选修课the case method 案例教学法the Socratic method 苏格拉底式教学法old boy networks 老哥们关系网the modern regulatory nation 现代规制国家Federal Court System 联邦法院系统: The Supreme Court 最高法院Courts of Appeals上诉法院District Courts地区法院Special Courts特别法院Three-tiered model 三级（审判）体制：trial court （审判法院；初审法院）appellate court , court of appeals（上诉法院）supreme court 最高法院Litigant 诉讼当事人capital punishment死刑writ of certiorari调案调卷令be on the bench担任法官career judiciary职业法官popular vote普选gross misconduct严重的过失行为doctrine of constitutional supremacy宪法至上原则malfeasance 渎职行为judicial interpretation 司法解释judicial review 司法审查constitutionality 合宪性impeachment 弹劾associate justice 陪审大法官administrative law 行政法agency action 行政行为adjudication 裁定；裁决sub-constitutional 准宪法性；亚宪法性statutory law 制定法Formal adjudication 正式裁决Informal adjudication 非正式裁决Formal rulemaking 正式规章制定Informal rulemaking 非正式规章制定Criminal Law 刑法Model Penal Code 标准刑法典Criminal liability刑事责任Capital punishment 死刑Insanity defense 精神不正常辩护Homicide 杀人罪Self-defense 自卫；正当防卫forcible felony暴力性重罪gross negligence严重过失criminal homicide 有罪杀人Malice恶意Murder谋杀Death penalty死刑Felony重罪co-felons重罪共犯first degree murder一级谋杀罪manslaughter非恶意杀人；非预谋杀人criminal sanction刑事惩罚conviction rate定罪率acquittal 宣告无罪gross negligence严重过失reckless homicide疏忽大意杀人negligent homicide过失杀人civil rights law 民权法invidious discrimination 嫉恨式歧视Magistrate治安法官；司法官summary judgment motion即决审判动议cause of action诉因Contract Law合同法Agreement-in-fact事实协议Agreement-as-written书面协议Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典Offer要约Acceptance承诺Consideration对价Contract performance合同履行Tangible property有形财产Intangible property无形财产Conveyance of property财产权的转让Primary authority首要法源Secondary authority次要法源Tax evasion逃税Restatements of the Law法律重述汇编Stare decisis遵从前例Tort Law 侵权法intentional tort故意侵权negligence or negligent tort过失侵权contingent fee 成功酬金tortfeasor 侵权人intangible damage 无形损害conversion of propertyfalse imprisonment 非法拘禁defamation 诽谤invasion of privacy侵犯隐私products liability 产品责任duty of care照看义务contributory negligence 共同过失comparative negligence 比较过失strict Liability 严格责任medical malpractice 医务渎职property law 财产法tangible property 有形财产intangible property无形财产security transaction 担保交易deficiency judgment不足额判决foreclosure 取消赎回权mortgage holder 抵押权人secondary financing 间接融资Corporation Law公司法individual proprietorships个体业主partnerships 合伙Uniform Partnership Act统一合伙条例Model Business Corporation Acts标准商务公司条例Securities Exchange Act证券交易条例Blue Sky Laws 蓝天法Federal Antitrust Laws 联邦反托拉斯法separate legal entities 独立法人实体general partnerships 一般合伙Limited partnerships 有限合伙publicly held corporations公众持股公司close corporations 内部持股公司Insurance Law保险法group insurance 团体保险insurance policy 保险单accident insurance 意外保险liability insurance 责任保险insurance proceeds 保险收益buy-out agreement (股权）承买协议premium 保险费stock retirement plan 赎股计划Commercial Law商法The Uniform Commercial Code 统一商法典commerce clause 商业条款complete grant of power 完全授权commerce power 商务权力Modern Commerce Power Tests现代商务权力检验标准Modern Delegation of Power Doctrine现代授权原则rulemaking 规章制定due process 正当程序学习好资料欢迎下载。

法律英语翻译专业词汇大全

法律英语翻译专业词汇大全Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】南昌市 Nanchang Municipality南京市 Nanjing Municipality南宁市 Nanning Municipality南平市 Nanping Municipality南通市 Nantong Municipality脑外伤综合症 combined external head injuries年报 annual report年度账目 annual accounts宁波市 Ningbo Municipality宁静的占有权 quiet possession宁夏回族自治区 Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources纽约公约 New York Convention农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labour农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement农工商联合企业 agro-industrial-commercial combines农垦区 land reclamation district农民集体 peasant collective农药残留物 pesticide residue农业部 Ministry of Agriculture农业发展银行 Agriculture Development Bank农业税 agricultural tax农转非 rural residents become urban residents虐待 maltreat虐待罪 crime of abuse挪用公款 misappropriation of public funds殴打他人 assault偶犯 casual offender排斥外在证据原则 parol evidence rule排除责任条款 exclusion clause排纷解讼 dissolution of disputes and litigation排他性的独占权 exclusive monopoly right派生的分租人 derivative under-lessor派生的分租租契 derivative under-lease判案理由 adjudicative reasons, grounds of judgment判处 sentence判定 confirm判定债务人没有付款的誓章 affidavit of default on the part of the judgment debtor 判决 judgment判决理据 grounds of judgment判决书 written judgment判决执行 enforcement of the judgment判刑 sentence泡沫经济 bubble economy泡沫效应 bubble effect培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth赔偿 compensate赔偿金 compensation money赔偿损失 compensation for losses赔偿责任 liability to damages配股 allotment of shares, rationed shares配合饲料 compound/mix feed配偶 spouse配偶的父母 parents-in-law配套改革 concomitant reforms配套人民币资金 local currency funding of批复 Reply批评教育 re-education批准 approve, approval批准机关 approval authority批准文号 registered number of approval批租土地 leasehold批租土地财产 leasehold property批租土地权益 leasehold interest披露 disclose皮包公司 briefcase company片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth偏瘫 hemiplegia姘居 illicit cohabitation拼音隔音符 notes and comment品质 quality平仓 close out, cover, position squaring平仓价 exit price平等互利协商一致的原则 principles of equality and mutual benefit and of negotiated consensus平等权 equal right平调给 assign平顶山市 Pingdingshan Municipality平衡发展 balanced development平价 parity平价期权 at-the-money option平均价盘 average value order平均每日成交额 average daily turnover平买入仓 closing buy平卖出仓 closing sale平稳回升 steady recovery评价 assess凭票要求付款予持票人的银行纸币 bank notes payable to bearer on demand凭样品的货物销售 sale of goods by sample瓶颈制约 bottleneck迫使 coerces破产管理人 receiver破产清算 liquidation破坏电力设备 sabotage of electrical power equipment破坏军人婚姻罪 crime of damaging the marriage of a member of the Armed Force破坏社会主义经济秩序罪 crime of undermining the socialist economic order破坏司法公正 perverting the course of justice破坏他人财产 destroy private property破裂 collapse铺底流动资金 initial working capital普遍回升 broad-based recovery普遍优惠制 generalized preferential system, general system of preferences普通法 common law普通法院 Common Court七五环保项目领导小组 The Seventh Five Year PlanEnvironmental Protection Projects Leading Group 期初存货 opening stock期末存货 closing stock期票 promissory note欺压 oppression欺诈性不作为 fraudulent omission齐齐哈尔市 Qiqihaer Municipality企图妨碍司法公正 attempting to pervert the course of justice企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities企业产权 property rights of enterprises企业法人 enterprise legal person企业集团战略 corporate group strategy企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring企业领导班子 enterprise management企业所得税 enterprise income tax企业效益 corporate profitability企业重组 reshuffle of the enterprises企业注册局 Enterprise Registration Bureau企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market 企业资信证 capital credit certificate启蒙时代 Age of Enlightenment起诉 bring a suit against sb起诉 initiate a public prosecution起诉书 Bill of Indictment起诉要求赔偿损失 sue for damage, start a suit to one's loss起诉意见书 Written Opinion Recommending Prosecution起诉状 statement of complaint汽垫船 hovercraft契据 deed契据式合同 contract by deed契税 deed tax契约法 law of contract契约自由 freedom of ntract洽商 discussion迁徙自由 freedom of movement前父母 former parent前提条件 pre-conditions潜逃境外 absconding abroad欠缴 default of payment欠款证明书 certificate of arrears欠缺抗辩书 in default of defence欠缺所有权 want of title欠缺真诚 want of good faith欠税 tax arrears欠条 IOU欠妥 Defect, deficient欠妥之处 defect欠息 overdue interest强化税收征管 strengthen tax administration强奸 rape强迫婚姻 coerced marriage强迫仲裁 compulsory arbitration强制 coerces强制措施 coercive measure强制措施 enforcement action强制交付令状 writ of specific delivery强制力 power of enforcement强制履行 enforced performance强制性禁制令 mandatory injunction强制许可 compulsory licensing强制执行 enforce强制执行措施 implementing measures抢夺罪 crime of forcible seizure抢购 panic buying抢劫 robbery敲诈勒索罪 offence of extortion by blackmail翘尾因素 carryover effect切一刀 partial application妾 concubine亲权 parental right亲生父母 natural parents亲生父亲或母亲 natural parent亲生子女 natural child侵犯 encroach on, infringe upon, violate侵犯财产罪 crime of property violation侵犯公民人身权利民主权利罪 crime of infringing upon personal rights and the democratic rights of citizens侵害 infringe侵权 Tort, infringe侵权人 infringing party侵权诉讼 action in tort侵权行为 infringing acts, invasive conduct侵入 trespass侵吞公款 embezzlement青岛市 Qingdao Municipality青海省 Qinghai Province青霉素 anka penicillin青少年罪犯 juvenile offender轻率承诺 mere promise轻微犯罪 minor offences轻微缺陷 light defects轻微违约行为 trivial breach倾向性的 tendentious倾销 dump倾斜政策 preferential policy清偿 repay清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans清龙满族自治县 Qing Long Manchu Nationality Autonomous Region清算公司 clearing corporation情节 circumstances of the case氰化钠 sodium cyanide请求 petition请示 request请示报告 Request for Instructions请予批复 We hereby respectfully request for a reply thereto区别对待 differential treatment区域经济 regional economies趋势加强 intensifying trend衢州市 Quzhou Municipality取保候审 obtain a guarantor pending trial取得 procurement取得补偿的权利 right to compensation取得物质帮助权 right to material assistance取消大律师资格 disbarred去世债务人财产官方扣押令状 writ of diem clausit extremum圈封土地 enclosed land全国爱国卫生运动委员会 National Patriotic (Public) Health Campaign Commission全国博士后管理委员会 National Post-Doctor Regulatory Commission全国残疾人康复工作办公室 National the Handicapped Recovery Working Office全国打击走私领导小组 National Crack Down Smuggling Leading Group全国电子交易系统 National Electronic Trading System (NETS)全国电子信息系统推广办公室 National Electronic Information System Promotion Office全国妇女联合会 National Women's Federation全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会 National Higher Education Examination For the Self-Study Steering Commission全国工业产品生产许可证办公室 National Industrial Product Manufacture Licensing Certificate Office 全国供销合作总社 National Supply and Marketing Cooperative General Agency全国技术市场协调领导小组 National Technology Market Coordination Leading Group全国加强企业管理领导小组 National Strengthening Enterprise Management Leading Group全国教育工会 National Education Labour Union全国禁毒工作领导小组 National Ban Drugs Work Leading Group全国控制集团购买力办公室 National Group Purchasing Power Control Office全国老旧汽车更新领导小组办公室 National Crate Replacement Leading Group Office全国老龄委 China Aging Problem National Commission全国绿化委员会 National Aflorestation Environmental Protection Commission全国普及法律常识办公室 National Popularization of Legal Knowledge Office全国清理三乱领导小组办公室 National Clearing "Three Mess"Leading Group Office全国清理整顿公司领导小组 National Clean-up and Rectification Companies Leading Group全国人大常委会 The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress全国人大及其常务委员会 National People's Congress and its Standing Committee全国人民代表大会 The National People Congress of the People's Republic of China全国人民代表大会常务委员会 The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress全国人民代表大会主席团 Presidium of the National People's Congress全国扫黄工作小组办公室 National "Campaign against Pornography" Working Group Office全国扫盲工作部际协调小组 National Eliminating Illiteracy Work Inter-Department Coordination Group 全国水土保持工作协调小组 National Water and Land Preservation Work Coordination Group全国土地资源调查办公室 National Land Resources Investigation Office全国哲学社会科学规划领导小组 National Philosophy Social Science Planning Leading Group全国政协科教文卫体委员会 Science Education Culture Health and Sport Commission of the CPPCC全国支持经济不发达地区资金管理委员会 National supporting Economic Underdeveloped District Funds Regulatory Commission全国职工教育管理委员会 National Workers Education Regulatory Commission全国专业标准化技术委员会 National Professional Standardization Techniques Commission全面摊薄每股盈利 fully diluted earnings per share全面仲裁 comprehensive arbitration全民所有企业 enterprise under the ownership of the whole people全球化 globalization全球期货交易系统 Globex全资附属公司 wholly-owned subsidiary权利和利益 rights and interests权利人 creditor权利文件 entitlement document权利义务相一致的精神 the spirit that rights are equated with responsibilities权利主体 subject of right权限 limit of authority权限文件 authority权益回报率 returns on equity泉州市 Quanzhou Municipality缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentum缺乏可接受的依据 absence of acceptable grounds缺陷 defect确定 assese确定 confirm确定数额 quantify确权纠纷案件 controversy over ownership of patent right确权决定案件 case concerning decisions on ownership确权之诉 interpleader cause确认 affirmation群众 the general public让与 relinguish扰乱办公秩序 disturbing the order in the workplace扰乱公共秩序 public disorder扰乱社会秩序罪 offence of disrupting the social order绕规模贷款 circumvent credit ceiling诉讼篇：法院法律诉讼相关英语词汇arbitration tribunal, court of arbitration 仲裁法庭attorney general 首席检查官,检查长assistant lawyer 见习律师aggravating circumstances 可加重罪行的情况attorney 代诉人,代理人alibi 不在犯罪现场barrister 出庭律师 (美作:attorney,lawyer)criminal court 刑事法院(庭)civil court 民事法院(庭)conciliation board in industrial disputes 劳工纠纷调解委员会court-martial 军事法庭Court of Cassation 上诉法院court of first instance 一审法院(庭)counsel for the defence 辩护律师,被告律师criminal record 前科,犯罪记录domiciliary visit, house search 住宅搜查evidence, exhibits 证据exculpatory circumstances 可开脱罪责的情况exonerating circumstances 可证实无罪的情况extenuating circumstances 可使罪行减轻的情况examining magistrate 地方预审法官hearing of witnesses 听证,听取证词High Court 高级法院 (美作:Supreme Court)hearing 审讯,审问inquiry 询问,调查interrogatory, examination 讯问,质问International Court of Justice (联合国)国际法院juvenile court 少年法庭judge 法官judge in appeal 上诉法官juvenile court judge 少年法庭法官jury 陪审团juror 陪审员lawyer, solicitor 律师,法律顾问Law Courts 法院,法庭legal adviser 法律顾问notary 公证人National Audit Office 审计委员会 (美作:Committee on Public Accounts) public prosecutor 公诉人,检查官 (美作:district attorney)presiding judge 庭长,首席法官proceedings (诉讼)程序regional court, Court of Appeal 地区法院summons 传票summary 速审to fall within the competence of a court 属于法院管辖权限之内The Bar 律师席to arrest 逮捕warrant for arrest 逮捕证arrest 逮捕responsibility, liability 责任on probation 缓刑release on bail 保释release on parole 假释to sue, to prosecute 起诉,提起公诉to call . to witness 作证eyewitness 目击证人,目击者institution of proceedings 起诉accusation 控告,起诉prosecution 起诉action, claim 诉讼cause, suit 诉讼,案件to lodge a complaint 提起诉讼,提出申诉to institute proceedings, to bring a lawsuit 进行诉讼to institute proceedings 进行诉讼complaint 控告,申诉justice 审判to judge 审理,审判lawsuit 诉讼,官司trial 审理claim for damages 要求赔偿损失claim for compensation 索赔writ of summons, citation 传唤,传讯to plead, to claim 辩护plea 辩护deposition, evidence 证词indictment, charge 公诉书,刑事起诉书count of indictment 起诉书中列举的罪项to plead guilty 服罪sworn statement 誓词on oath 发誓accuser 原告plaintiff 原告the opposing party, the other side 对方当事人accused, defendant 被告delinquent, offender 罪犯guilty party, culprit 有罪一方,当事人recidivist 惯犯accomplice 共犯complicity 同谋,共谋harbourer 窝藏(罪犯) (美作:harborer) receiver 隐匿(赃物),窝赃in flagrante delicto 在作案现场with malice aforethought 预谋不轨public hearing 公平in camera 秘密审议witness for the prosecution 原告证人witness for the defence 被告证人proof, evidence 证据,证词witness box 证人席 (美作:witness stand)dock 被告席self-defence 正当防卫 (美作:self-defense)force majeure, act of God 不可抗力to pronounce sentence 宣判miscarriage of justice 审判不当,误判sentence 宣判,判决convict 既决犯,被制罪者judgment by default 缺席审判to be ordered to pay costs 判处交纳诉讼费用acquittal 宣告无罪,开释verdict of not guilty 无罪的判决petition for a reprieve 缓刑起诉书stay of proceedings 停止进行诉讼nonsuit 驳回to appeal, to lodge an appeal 上诉crime 犯法offence 违法 (美作:offense)attempt 未遂罪unfulfilment 未实现nonobservance 未遵守injustice 不法行为threat, menace 恐吓high treason 叛国罪adultery 通奸forgery, forging, counterfeiting 伪造perjury 伪证to bear false witness, to commit perjury 犯伪证罪attempted murder 谋杀未遂assassination, murder 暗杀,行刺homicide 杀人罪infanticide, child murder 杀婴罪assault and battery 殴打,侵犯人身罪kidnapping, abduction 诱拐,拐骗highjacking 劫持(飞机)piracy 海盗罪rape, violation 强奸conspiracy, plot 结伙阴谋,共谋theft, larceny 盗窃armed robbery 持械抢劫housebreaking, burglary 入室行窃contraband, smuggling 走私swindle 诈骗embezzlement 贪污公款prevarication 推诿bribery, suborning 行贿,受贿,贿赂breach of contract 违约,违反合同fraud 欺诈tax evasion 偷税misuse of authority 滥用职权corruption 贪污腐化usurpation 强夺blackmail 敲诈,勒索calumny, slander 诽谤intoxication 酗酒disturbance of the peace 扰乱治安penalty 处罚prison, gaol 监狱 (美作:jail)imprisonment 监禁death sentence, death penalty 死刑life imprisonment 无期徒刑hard labour 强迫劳役 (美作:hard labor)fine 罚款embargo 扣押local banishment 驱逐出境attainder 剥夺公民权和没收财产indemnity, indemnification, compensation 赔偿extradition 引渡alimony, allowance 抚养费baptismal certificate 洗礼证实birth certificate 出生证实marriage certificate 结婚证书death certificate 死亡证实书extract from police records 违禁记录摘录notarial deed 公证书bill of sale 抵押证券lease 租约proprietorship, ownership 所有权ownership without usufruct, ownership without use 虚有权copyright 版权patent rights 专利权alienation, transfer, assignment 转让personal property 个人财产movables 动产real estate 不动产mental derangement, alienation, insanity 精神错乱fingerprint 指纹corpse 尸体mortuary, morgue 太平间,停尸房autopsy 尸体解剖file, dossier 文件naturalization 入籍,归化will 遗嘱codicil 遗嘱修改附录heir, legatee 继续人inheritance 遗产emancipation 自立to come of age 成人disowning of offspring 声明脱离关系,否认后裔关系tutelage, guardianship 监护tutor, guardian 监护人marriage by proxy 委托代表结婚to sue for divorce 申请离婚。

法律英语专用词汇

一、法律类1.单词Aacceptance /ək septəns/ n.受理accusation /ækju(:)zeiʃən/ n.检举accused /əkju:zd/ n.被告acquit / əkwit/ v.宣告…无罪acquittal / əkwitl/ n. 宣告无罪action / ækʃən / n.诉讼adjourn /ədʒə:n/ v. (使)休庭agent /eidʒənt/ n.代理人alibi /æli bai/ n.不在现场证明allegation /æliɡeiʃən/ n.声称amnesty /æmnesti/n. 大赦appeal /əpi:l/ n.上诉appearance /əpiərəns/ n. 投案appellant /əpelənt/ n.上诉人arbitration /ɑ:bi treiʃən/ n.仲裁assault /əsɔ:lt/ n.殴打attachment /ətætʃmənt/ n.扣押Bbail /beil/ v.&n.保释，保释金bailiff /beilif/ n. 法警bankruptcy /bæŋkrʌpsi/ n.破产bigamy /biɡəmi/ n. 重婚binding /baindiŋ/ a. 有约束力的bribery /braibəri/ n.贿赂Ccase /keis/ n.案件charge /tʃɑ:dʒ/ v.扺押citizen /sitizən/ n.公民collaborate /kəlæbəreit/ v. 串通commit /kəmit/ v.犯罪confess /kən fes/ v.成认，供认conspire /kən spaiə/ v. 合谋contract /kɔntrækt/n. 合约conveyancing /kən veiənsiŋ/n.产权转让convict /kən vikt/ v.& n.宣判有罪，犯人court /kɔ:t/ n.法院creditor /kreditə/ n. 债权人crime /kraim/ n.犯罪custody /kʌstədi/ n. 监护(权)，关押Ddecree /di kri:/ n. 法令deed /di:d/ n.契据defamation /defəmeiʃən/ n.诽谤defendant /di fendənt/ n .被告defender /di fendə/ n. 辩护人defense /di fens/ n.辩护deposit /di pɔzit/ n. 定金determination /di tə:mi neiʃən/ n. 判决determine /dis tʃɑ:dʒ/ v.解除discharge /dis tʃɑ:dʒ/ v. 清偿Eevidence /evidəns/ n.证据execution /eksi kju:ʃən/ n.依法处决Fforthwith /fɔ:θwiθ/ad. 立即freeze /fri:z/ v. 冻结Gguarantor /ɡærən tɔ:/ n.担保人Hhearing /hiəriŋ/n.听证会Iidentification /ai dentifi keiʃən/ n.鉴定illegal /i li:ɡəl/ a.非法indictment /in daitmənt/ n.控告infringement /in frindʒmənt/ n. 侵犯权利instigate /instiɡeit/ v. 教唆intention /in tenʃən/ n.动机Jjaywalk /dʒeiwɔ:k/ v.违规穿越马路judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n.法官judgement /dʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 判决juror /dʒuərə/ n.陪审员jury /dʒuəri/ n. 陪审团Llapse /læps/n. 失去时效lawsuit /lɔ:sju:t/ n. 诉讼legitimate /li dʒitimit/ a. 合法的lien /li:ən/ n. 留置权，扣押权litigant /litiɡənt/ n. 诉讼当事人litigate /litiɡeit/ v.提出诉讼litigation /litiɡeiʃən/ n.诉讼Mmaintenance /meintinəns/ n.扶养费mediate /mi:dieit/ vi. 调解medicolegal /medikəu li:ɡəl/ n.法医misconduct /mis kɔndʌkt/ n. 失职行为mortgage /mɔ:ɡidʒ/ n. 抵押借款motive /məutiv/ n.动机Ooffender /əfendə/ n. 犯罪分子omission /əu miʃən/ n. 不作为order /ɔ:də/ n. 裁定overdraft /əuvədrɑ:ft/ n. 透支overrule /əuvəru:l/ v. 推翻Ppardon /pɑ:dən/ v. 赦免parole /pərəul/ n. 假释party /pɑ:ti/ n. 合约一方patent /peitənt/ n. 专利，专利权perjury /pə:dʒəri/ n. 伪证plaintiff /pleintif/ n. 原告pledge /pledʒ/ n.抵押品procurator /prɔkjuəreitə/ n.检察官procuratorate /prɔkjuəreitərit/ n. 检察院property /prɔpəti/ n. 产权prosecute /prɔsikju:t/ v.起诉Qquantum /kwɔntəm/ n. 赔偿金额Rrecess /ri ses/ n.休庭reconciliation /rekənsili eiʃən/ n. 和解remand /ri mɑ:nd/ n.&v. 案件发回remorse /ri mɔ:s/ n. 悔改reply /ri plai/ n. 批复report /ri pɔ:t/ v. 举报restitution /resti tju:ʃən/ n. 返复原主resume /ri zju:m/ v.恢复ruling /ru:liŋ/n. 裁决Sseal /si:l/ n. 印章search /sə:tʃ/ n&v. 搜查seize /si:z/ v.缴获sentence /sentəns/ n. 判决service /sə:vis/ v.送达smuggle /smʌɡl/ v.走私speeding /spi:diŋ/n.超速successor /sək sesə/ n.继承人sue /sju:/ v.起诉summon /sʌmən/ n.&v.传票，传唤surveillance /sə:veiləns/ n. 监视Ttestify /testifai/ v. 做证trespass /trespəs/ v. 侵越trust /trʌst/ n. 信托Uunassisted /ʌnəsistid/ a. 不予支持的Vverify /verifai/ v.核实victim /viktim/ n.被害人violate /vaiəleit/ v.触犯void /vɔid/ a.不具有法律效力的Wwarranty /wɔrənti/ n.保证will / wil/ n. 遗嘱withdrawal /wiðdrɔ:əl/ n.撤回2.词组：absolute discharge无条件释放accessory penalties附加刑act under the law法律行为actus reus犯罪行为administrative proceedings行政诉讼admitted evidence采信的证据affirm defence 积极的抗辩agency hearing 听证会agent ad litem诉讼代理人appear in court出庭approval of arrest批准逮捕arrestable offence可逮捕的罪行assembly and association集会结社breach of contract不履行合同burden of proof举证责任capital punishment极刑chief judge of a tribunal法庭庭长chief justice首席大法官chief procurator首席检察官circumstantial evidence旁证civil action民事诉讼civil case民事案件civil tribunal民事审判庭clear up a criminal case破案collegial panel合议庭commit a crime犯罪common law普通法community property夫妻共同财产conclusion of a lawsuit诉讼终止concurren sentence合并判决confession of one’s offence坦白confession to justice自首conspiratorial swindling合谋诈骗contempt of court 藐视法庭罪continental law大陆法court announcement法院公告court clerk书记员court debate法庭辩论court of final appeal终审法院crack down on counterfeit goods打假abducting and trafficking human beings拐卖人口concealing the murder包庇crime of dereliction of duty渎职罪disrupting the order of social administration妨害社会管理秩序drug trafficking贩卖毒品intentional homicide成心杀人intentional injury成心伤害interference with public administration妨害公务selling bogus medicines贩卖假药unlawful detention非法拘禁criminal capacity刑事责任能力criminal case刑事案件criminal detention刑事拘留criminal fine罚金criminal proceedings刑事诉讼criminal suspect犯罪嫌疑人cumulative punishment数罪并罚currency swap套汇de facto marriage事实婚姻death penalty死刑defense attorney辩护律师deprivation of political right剥夺政治权利deputy chief procurator大检察官detention house拘留所dismiss a motion驳回请求domestic litigation国内诉讼driving while intoxicated酒醉后驾驶first offense初犯economic crimes经济犯罪economic law经济法economic tribunal经济审判庭employment contract雇佣合同ex parte单方execution of arrest执行逮捕exemption from criminal penalty免于刑事处分expert conclusion鉴定结论extort bribe索取贿赂false imprisonment非法禁锢filing of a lawsuit起诉final award最后裁决书finding of guilty有罪判决fixed-term imprisonment有期徒刑foreman of jury 陪审团主席forfeiture of property没收财产fugitive criminal逃犯grave circumstances情节严重handle a case办案hit and run肇事后逃离现场illegal business违法经营illegal parking违规停车illegitimate child非婚生子女impose a fine罚款incapacity for act无行为能力incidence of criminal cases发案率incompetent for civil conduct无民事行为能力ineffective act 无效行为initiate legal proceeding打官司institute a public prosecution检控institute a public prosecution提起公诉intellectual property rights知识产权inter parte双方international litigation国际诉讼investigate and collect evidence调查取证joint offence共同犯罪joint property of the spouses夫妻共同所有财产justifiable right正当防卫juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪juvenile prison少管所law of contract合同法law office律师事务所lawyer fee律师费legal aid法律援助legal basis法律依据legal consultants法律参谋legal consulting法律咨询legal guardian法定监护人legal opinions法律意见书legal representative法人代表life imprisonment无期徒刑lighter punishment从轻处分liquidated damages违约金litigation costs诉讼费litigation fee案件受理费losing party败诉方marriage law婚姻法marriage registration结婚登记material evidence物证mediation agreement调解书mode of court trial庭审方式natural child亲生子女nature of case案由negligent driving不小心驾驶notarial certificate公证书notice of court session开庭通知open a court session开庭审理particulars of offense犯罪事实penal servitude拘役personal property个人财产personnel handling a case办案人员plead guilty认罪plead not guilty不认罪police station派出所possessory title 土地占有权power of attorney委托书preserve evidence证据保全presiding judge审判长proclamation of a person as dead宣告死亡proclamation of a person as missing宣告失踪properties division财产分割property of ownerless无主财产property right in real estate房屋的产权property right财产所有权public hearing公开审理public order公共秩序public security bureau公安局public security officers公安人员public surveillance管制publicsecurity organs公安机关pyramid selling传销reason for decision定案理由reckless driving鲁莽驾驶record of inquest勘验笔录record of interrogation讯问笔录record of investigation调查笔录reduced punishment减轻处分reject an appeal驳回上诉report a case报案rescind the original judgement 撤销原判residential surveillance监视居住revoke a case placed on file撤销立案right in succession继承权right of disposing处分权roperty relations产权关系seal up查封security administration治安管理security regulations治安条例severe punishment从重处分special pardon特赦specific performance 强制履行spousal relationship夫妻关系spousal support赡养spreading poison with intent成心投毒statement of case案情陈述书summon by force拘传supplementary civil action附带民事诉讼suspended sentence缓刑suspension of a lawsuit诉讼中止suspension of execution缓期执行sustain the original judgement维持原判take an oath宣誓tax evasion 逃税term in custody羁押期限termination of contract解除合同territorial jurisdiction地区管辖the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving取保候审The Supreme People’s Court最高人民法院The Supreme People’s Procuratorate最高人民检察院time limit provided by law法定期限traffic violation交通违规trial in camera不公开审理trial in public公开审理trial of first instance一审trial of second instance二审unjust enrichment不当得利unjustifiable self-defense防卫过当voluntary surrender to justice自动投案wanted for arrest通缉winning party胜诉方。

关于正当防卫的外文文献资料及翻译

《欧洲国际法期刊》第16卷第1期。

文章名：Targeted Killing of Suspected Terrorists ExtraJudicial Executions or Legitimate Means of Defence?杀害被怀疑的恐怖分子：司法外执行还是正当防卫？摘要：一个受到跨国恐怖主义集团攻击的国家是否可能以该集团不在其管辖范围内的活跃成员为目标引起了争议。

一些人把有针对性地杀害恐怖分子嫌疑人称为法外处决，其他人则声称这是合法的战争行为（正当防御行为）。

发件人根据国际人权法和国际人道主义法的准则审查了这种屠杀的合法性。

在前一种制度下，只有在为防止无法用其他手段制止的迫在眉睫的攻击而进行的杀戮才能合法。

在后一种制度下，如果将恐怖主义嫌疑犯视为战斗人员，这种杀害可能是合法的。

笔者认为，虽然在国际武装冲突中，恐怖主义嫌疑分子通常不是战斗人员，但在非国际武装冲突中，他们很可能是战斗人员。

在这种冲突中，国际人道主义法的准则不能独立存在；适用的制度必须是一种混合的模式，它结合了国际人权法的特点。

在最后一节中，作者讨论了以色列的定点杀戮政策和美国对也门基地组织嫌疑成员的攻击，并将混合模型应用于这些案例。

1介绍2002年11月，一辆行驶在也门偏远地区的汽车被一架无人驾驶“捕食者”无人机发射的导弹摧毁。

车内6人全部被怀疑是基地组织成员，从而被杀。

尽管美国没有公开承认对此次袭击负责，但官员们表示，此次袭击是美国中央情报局所为。

被击毙的其中一人名叫卡伊德·萨利姆，据说是前本拉登的一名保安，他被怀疑在2000年10月美国“科尔”号驱逐舰遇袭事件中扮演了重要角色。

两年前，以色列采取了一项“有针对性地害”巴勒斯坦人的政策，据称这些巴勒斯坦人是参与组织、促进或执行在以色列和被占领领土上的恐怖主义袭击的恐怖主义组织的积极成员。

这一政策始于对侯赛因的阿巴亚特的袭击，随后发生了一系列袭击，最近最严重的是对哈马斯领导人艾哈迈德·亚辛和阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹·兰蒂西的袭击。

《中华人民共和国刑法》中四字结构的英译研究

《中华人民共和国刑法》中四字结构的英译研究随着世界经济的飞速发展和全球化进程的日益加快，中国与世界各国的交流愈来愈频繁，法律也成为必不可少的沟通内容。

法律是由我们所遵守得语言规则构成，通过对法律条文的分析，可以明确理解法条字面背后的逻辑原理和学术性的内容。

在对高质量法律翻译的需求日益增多的同时，也要求译者对法律语言进行系统全面的认知。

语言是法律的源泉，其中的四字结构是语言的基本构成单位，国际翻译联合会曾提出：“任何译文都应忠实于原意，准确表达原文的思想和形式，遵守这种忠实的原则是翻译工作者法律上和道德上的义务。

”（国际联译1963《翻译工作者宪章》第一章第4条）标签：翻译；《中华人民共和国刑法》四字结构一、法律翻译的重要性2015年8月29日，十二届全国人大常委会十六次会议表决通过刑法修正案九，对刑法做出进一步的修改和补充，根据我国国情与适当的借鉴国外先进经验相结合，使我国刑法实现统一性和完备性“法律是体现统治阶级意志，由国家制定或认可并由国家强制力保证实施的行为规范的总和。

”（潘庆云，1997）对不同法条的翻译在法律机制的交际活动中充当着不可替代的作用。

在当今社会环境的推动下，各国都希望通过对中文法律条文的翻译，更好的了解中国的法治社会。

罗马时期的著名法学家乌尔比安曾将法律定义为“法律是善良与公正的艺术。

”这种艺术是将与特定社会生活及其文化传统密切相关的行为语言予以翻译，并确保其不失去其规范本质和艺术特征。

因此，如何准确的将行为语言以另一种语言再现就成为一种严肃缜密的艺术，法律翻译实际是一种最忠诚严格的艺术复制。

所有的立法理论必须语言规范，做到“表述准确，结构严谨，条理清楚，直述不曲，字词规范，篇幅力求简洁”（刘红婴，2003）。

二、四字结构的定义及分类（一）四字结构的定义四字结构，又称为四字格，四字结构几乎可见于古今各种文体中，它是汉语词汇中的重要成员，结构匀称对仗，表达言简意赅，具有极强的修辞效果。

法律英语词汇大全(完美打印版)

请求权（right of claim）
罗马法（Roman Law）
物上请求权（right of claim for real
私法（private law）
thing）
公法（public law）
形成权（right of formation）
市民法（jus civile）
撤销权（right of claiming cancellation）
consideration）
代理（agency）
无偿民事法律行为（ civil legal act 本人（principal）
without consideration）; （civil legal 被代理人（principal）
act without award）
受托人（trustee）
自助行为（act of self-help）
（dormant partnership）
不可抗力（force majeure）
私营企业（ private enterprise ） ;
意外事件（accident）
（proprietorship）
行为能力（capacity for act）
法人（legal person）
意思能力（capacity of will）
企业法人（legal body of enterprise）
民事行为（civil act）
企业集团（group of enterprise）
意思表示（declaration of intention）关联企业（affiliate enterprise）
民法基本原则（fundamental principles 非专属权（non-exclusive right）

有关法律的英语作文4篇_0

有关法律的英语作文4篇各位读友大家好！你有你的木棉，我有我的文章，为了你的木棉，应读我的文章！若为比翼双飞鸟，定是人间有情人！若读此篇优秀文，必成天上比翼鸟！有关法律的英语作文一：法律英语:justifiable defense正当防卫（1082字）我国刑法第二十条对正当防卫的规定是：“为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害，而采取的制止不法侵害的行为，对不法侵害人造成损害的，属于正当防卫，不负刑事责任。

正当防卫明显超过必要限度造成重大损害的，应当负刑事责任，但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。

”if a person employs an act to stop an unlawful infringement for thepurposes of avoiding the said infringement for the state’s or the public interest or for his own or anothe r person’s right of the person, property right or any other right, thus causing harm to the unlawful infringer, the said act shall be regarded as a justifiable defense and the said person shall not bear criminal responsibility.if a justifiable defense apparently exceeds the limits of necessity, thus causing a serious harm, the person involved shall bear criminal responsibility, but be given a mitigated punishment or be exempt from punishment.if a person employs an act of defense to an immediate violent crime of committing physical assault, homicide, robbery, rape, kidnapping or any other crime seriously endangering the safety of another person, thus causing bodily injury or death to the unlawful infringer, the said act shall not be regarded as a defense that exceeds the limits of necessity, and thesaid person shall not bear criminal responsibility.有关法律的英语作文二：法律（英文）（1434字）being a minor, we should be very happy to have such a study law knowledge of opportunities.first, through studying law, can enhance own legal consciousness and legal concept, knowing what is legal, what is illegal, what is a crime, conscientiously fulfil the obligations prescribed by law, with legal restrains own behavior, law forbids doing resolute don’t do, laws, and actively encourage do to do, legal requirements, must do it.second, learning the law can grow up healthily. some classmates for one jinjinjijiao, because some trifle and are eyeball even begin. indeed because teenage age small courtesy, shallow, lack of right from wrong ability and susceptible to bad style’s influence, impulsive, especially when their pride injured or their own interests and others benefit conflicts,easy to lose their senses, lead to illegal crime. therefore, in order to protect the healthy growth of teenagers, preventing and reducing crime, need for juvenile positive education of legal system, correct guidance.各位读友大家好！你有你的木棉，我有我的文章，为了你的木棉，应读我的文章！若为比翼双飞鸟，定是人间有情人！若读此篇优秀文，必成天上比翼鸟！。

正当防卫的英语

正当防卫的英语
正当防卫是指在必要的情况下采取自卫措施，以保护个人或团体的生命、财产和尊严不受不法侵害的行为。

正当防卫不仅在中国法律中有明确规定，也在国际法中被广泛认可。

在英语中，正当防卫通常被翻译为“self-defense”。

自卫是每个人的基本权利，因此在英语中也有多种表达方式来强调这一点，比如说“the right to self-defense”、“the right to defend oneself”、“the right to protect oneself”等等。

当然，在采取自卫措施时，也需要遵守一定的法律规定。

比如说，在美国，宪法第二修正案规定了人民持枪的权利，但是同时也规定了持枪的限制和合法使用的条件。

在英国，持有枪支是非常严格的，只有在极其特殊的情况下才能合法持有。

总之，无论是在哪个国家，正当防卫都是一个非常重要的概念。

我们需要了解自己的权利和义务，以及在必要时采取合适的措施来保护自己和家人的安全。

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法律英语 legal terms 核心100词

学位英语汉译英部分核心100词（一元复始，万象更新……特奉上新年礼物一份）声明：仅供参考，如有意外……1.衡平法equity law2.管辖权jurisdiction3.初审法院trial court4.上诉法院Court of Appeals, appellate courtappellant 上诉人appellee被上诉人petitioner 申诉人respondent 被申诉人5.最高院court of last resort，Supreme Court6.枢密院privy council7.首席大法官Chief Justice8.立法the legislative9.司法the judicial10.行政the executive11.检察官prosecutor12.代理人，代诉人Procurator13.法律救济legal remedy relief衡平救济equitable remedy14.禁制令injunction15.实际履行specific performance16.恢复原状返还原物restitution17.死刑执行execution执行enforcement18.制定法Statute法定权利statutory right19.陪审团审jury trial王座法庭（无陪审团的法官审）bench trial20.实体法substantive law程序法procedural law21.弹劾impeachment22.三权分立原则separation of powers23.制衡checks and balances24.合宪性constitutionality25.正当法律程序due process of law 26.法律解释judicial interpretation27.否决权veto power28.宪法修正案amendments toconstitution29.司法审查权the power of judicialreview30.众议院Congress/Parliament31.诉讼bring/file/institute an action,suit, lawsuit, litigation, proceedings32.有约束力的判例binding precedent33.说服力的判例persuasive precedent34.res judicata既判力35.stare decisis遵从先例36.一致意见unanimous opinion多数意见majority opinion复合意见concurring opinion反对意见，不同意见dissenting opinion37.叛国罪treason38.盗窃罪larceny39.纵火罪arson40.伪证罪perjury41.非法拘禁false imprisonment42.轻罪misdemeanor重罪felony43.缓刑probation44.犯意mens rea45.犯罪行为actus reus46.因果关系causation47.惩罚性赔偿金punitive /exemplarydamages48.民事违法civil wrong49.侵权tort侵权行为tortious act侵权人tortfeasor50.非预谋故意杀人voluntarymanslaughter非预谋非故意杀人（过失杀人）involuntary manslaughter51.赔偿redress compensation52.杀人罪homicide谋杀murder53.不作为犯罪omission54.逮捕证warrant55.正当防卫self-defense56.法律责任liability57.刑事犯罪criminal offense58.充分理由probable cause59.辩诉交易plea bargaining60.陪审团裁决verdict陪审团有罪裁决conviction陪审团无罪裁决acquittal61.加重情节aggravating circumstance减轻情节mitigating circumstance 62.纠问制inquisitorial system对抗制adversary system63.传票summons64.送达程序process-server65.法官对陪审团的指令jury charge66.审前动议pretrial motions67.证据开释discovery68.优势证据proof by preponderance ofevidence69.交叉询问cross-examination直接询问direct examination70.证据的可采性admissibility71.(对对方证据的)异议objection72.无效审理mistrial73.陪审团僵局a hung jury/ deadlockedjury74.传闻证据hearsay75.陪审团评议jury deliberation76. 诚实审查voir dire77.有因回避challenge for cause无因回避peremptory challenge, challenge without cause78.承担举证责任bear burden of proof79.认罪confessionplead guilty/guilty plea80.强制到庭程序compulsory process81.自证其罪self-incrimination82.双重追诉条款double jeopardyclause83.无罪推定presumption ofinnocence84.大陪审团grand jury85.排除合理怀疑的证据proof beyonda reasonable doubt 86.刑事审判制度criminal justicesystem87.大陪审团起诉书indictment诉状complaint88.及时审理speedy trial89.保释金，保释bail90.没收forfeiture91.仲裁协议arbitration agreements92.自由裁量权discretion93.原审管辖original jurisdiction94.共犯、同谋犯accomplice95.不当致死诉讼wrongful death action96.即决判决summary judgment 97．共同过失,混合过失contributory negligence比较过失comparative negligence 98证言testimony99.诽谤defamation口头诽谤slander书面诽谤libel100.侵犯，侵入（他人财产、土地、人身）trespass。

法律英语词汇大全(完美打印版) (2)

.' 法律渊源 source of law制定法 statute判例法 case law; precedent普通法 common law特别法 special law固有法 native law; indigenous law继受法 adopted law实体法 substantial law程序法 procedural law原则法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解释 judicial interpretation习惯法 customary law公序良俗 public order and moral自然法 natural law罗马法 Roman Law私法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile万民法 jus gentium民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law大陆法系 civil law system普通法 common law大陆法 continental law罗马法系 Roman law system衡平法 equity; law of equity日尔曼法 Germantic law教会法 ecclesiastical law寺院法 canon law伊斯兰法 Islamic law民法法律规范 norm of civil law授权规范 authorization norm禁止规范 forbidding norm义务性规范 obligatory norm命令性规范 commanding norm民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality自愿原则 principle of free will公平原则 principle of justice等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith行为 act作为 ac不作为 omission合法行为 lawful act违法行为 unlawful act民事权利权利能力 civil right绝对权 absolute right相对权 relative right优先权 right of priority先买权 preemption原权 antecedent right救济权 right of relief支配权 right of dominion请求权 right of claim物上请求权 right of claim for real thing 形成权 right of formation撤销权 right of claiming cancellation否认权 right of claiming cancellation解除权 right of renouncement代位权 subrogated right选择权 right of choice承认权 right of admission终止权 right of termination抗辩权 right of defense一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right期待权 expectant right专属权 exclusive right非专属权 non-exclusive right人身权利 personal right人权 human right人格权 right of personality生命健康权 right of life and health姓名权 right of name名称权 right of name肖像权 right of portraiture自由权 right of freedom名誉权 right reputation隐私权 right of privacy私生活秘密权 right of privacy贞操权 virginity right身份权 right of status亲权 parental power; parental right亲属权 right of relative探视权 visitation right配偶权 right of spouse荣誉权 right of honor权利的保护 protection of right公力救济 public protection私力救济 self-protection权利本位 standard of right社会本位 standard of society无责任行为 irresponsible right正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为 act of defence自为行为 self-conducting act紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity自助行为 act of self-help不可抗力 force majeure意外事件 accident行为能力 capacity for act意思能力 capacity of will民事行为 civil act意思表示 declaration of intention意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person保佐 protection自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力 incapacity for act禁治产人 interdicted person自然人 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence经常居住地 frequently dwelling place户籍 census register监护 guardianship个体工商户 individual business农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙协议 partnership agreement合伙财产 property of partnership合伙债务 debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership合伙企业 partnership business establishment个人合伙 partnership法人合伙 partnership of legal person特别合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship法人 legal person企业法人 legal body of enterprise企业集团 group of enterprise关联企业 affiliate enterprise个人独资企业 individual business establishment国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人 legal body of mass organization财团法人 legal body of financial group联营 joint venture法人型联营 association of legal persons合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management合作社 cooperative民事法律行为 civil legal act单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act无效行为 ineffective act可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为 tort欺诈 fraud胁迫 duress乘人之危 taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通 malicious collaboration重大误解 gross misunderstanding显失公平 obvious unjust误传 misrepresentation代理 agency本人 principal被代理人 principal受托人 trustee代理人 agent本代理人 original agent法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人 agent by mandate指定代理人 designated agent复代理人 subagent再代理人 subagent转代理人 subagent代理权 right of agency授权行为 act of authorization授权委托书 power of attorney代理行为 act of agency委托代理 agency by mandate本代理 original agency复代理 subagency次代理 subagency有权代理 authorized agency表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理 agency by lawyer普通代理 general agency全权代理 general agency全权代理委托书 general power of attorney共同代理 joint agency独家代理 sole agency居间 brokerage居间人 broker行纪 commission; broker house信托 trust时效 time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断 interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长 extension of limitation取得时效 acquisitive prescription时效终止 lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日 date期间 term涉外民事关系 civil relations with foreign elements 冲突规范 rule of conflict准据法 applicable law; governing law反致 renvoi; remission转致 transmission识别 identification公共秩序保留 reserve of public order法律规避 evasion of law国籍 nationality国有化 nationalization法律责任 legal liability民事责任 civil liability/responsibility行政责任 administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility违约责任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限责任 limited liability无限责任 unlimited liability按份责任 shared/several liability连带责任 joint and several liability过失责任 liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault单独过错 sole fault共同过错 joint fault混合过错 mixed fault被害人过错 victim’s fault第三人过错 third party’s fault推定过错 presumptive fault恶意 bad faith; malice故意 deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失 negligence重大过失 gross negligence疏忽大意的过失 careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption损害事实 facts of damage有形损失 tangible damage/loss无形损失 intangible damage/loss财产损失 property damage/loss人身损失 personal damage/loss精神损失 spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害 cease the infringing act排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险 elimination of danger返还财产 restitution of property恢复原状 restitution; restitution of original state 赔偿损失 compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss 支付违约金 payment of liquidated damage消除影响 eliminate ill effects恢复名誉 rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度 real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则 principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法 jus rerem物 property生产资料 raw material for production生活资料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物 res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物 limited merchantable thing禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产 asset固定资产 fixed asset流动资产 current asset; floating asset动产 movables; chattel不动产 immovable; real estate特定物 res certae; a certain thing种类物 genus; indefinite thing可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物 res capitalis; a principal thing从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing原物 original thing孳息 fruits天然孳息 natural fruits法定孳息 legal fruits无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物 lost property漂流物 drifting object埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property货币 currency证券 securities债券 bond物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right 自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership 所有权 dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership 占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权 right of use; right to use of收益权 right to earnings; right to yields处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有 possession in good faith恶意占有 malicious possession按份共有 several possession.' 共同共有 joint possession他物权 jus in re aliena用益物权 real right for usufruct使用权 right to use; right of use土地使用权 right to the use of land林权 forest ownership采矿权 mining ownership经营权 managerial authority; power of management承包经营权 right to contracted management相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright地上权 superficies永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权 servitude; easement人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权 real right for security物的担保 security for thing物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage抵押人 mortgagor抵押权人 mortgagee.' 抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭 extinction of right toMortgageregistration estate under mortgage抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权 priority of mortgage留置权 lien一般留置权 general lien特别留置权 special lien质权 hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权 tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right债权人 creditor债务人 debtor相对人 counterpart; offeree给付 give; pay债务 debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还 payment of debt债务的偿清 discharge of debt债务的担保 guarantee of debt债务的合并 consolidation of debt债务的给付日期 debt maturity债务的免除 exemption of debt债的分类 obligatio; obligation法定之债 legal obligation任意之债 voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债 alternative obligation主债 prime/principal obligation从债 accessory obligation单一之债 single obligation按份之债 several obligation连带之债 joint obligation特定之债 certain obligation种类之债 indefinite obligation合同之债 contractual obligation侵权行为之债 tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury;obligation of damages人身损害 damage to person精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage 医药费 hospital treatment expense医疗费 medical charge抚恤金 pension慰问金 consolation money产品瑕疵 defect of product不当得利 unjust enrichment无因管理 voluntary service债的担保 guarantee of obligation财产担保 property guarantee信用担保 credit guarantee让与担保 alienation guarantee保证 guaranty明示保证 express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人 guarantor保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship 保证金 guaranty bond; security deposit 押金 deposit; foregift预付款 advanced payment定金 earnest money; deposit违约金 liquidated damages法定违约金 liquidated damages by law约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement债的履行 performance of obligation实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行 misfeasance清偿 discharge; satisfaction提存 debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销 setoff知识产权 intellectual property知识产权国际保护 international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费 royalties智力成果 intellectual property著作权 copyright版权 copyright著作权人 copyright owner创作 creation作品 opus; product; work著作人格权 right of personality of copyright发表权 right of publication署名权 right of authorship; right of paternity修改权 right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权 inviolability收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版 publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权 property right in work使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct利用权 right to make use of获得报酬权 right to get payment重播权 right of rebroadcasting录制权 right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright剽窃 plagiary; plagiarism盗版 pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造 forge工业产权 industrial property专利权 patent right优先权日 priority date申请在先原则 prior application rule使用在先 priority of use新颖性 novelty创造性 creativity实用性 practicability发明创造 invention and creation实用新型 utility model外观设计 design; industrial design发明权 right of invention发现权 right of discovery专利申请 patent application专利异议 objection to a patent专利公告 patent gazette专利续展费 renewal fee of patent专利许可协议 patent licensing agreement 技术诀窍 know-how专有技术 know-how专利证书 certificate of patent专利事务所 patent office专利代理 patent agency中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China商标权 trademark right商标国际注册 international registration of trademark商品商标 commodity trademark服务商标 service trademark驰名商标 reputed trademark广告商标 advertisement trademark近似商标 similar trademark商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board商标审查 trademark examination商标侵权 trademark infringement商标注册 registered trademark商标公告 trademark gazette注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement商标事务所 trademark office商标代理 trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption 婚姻法 marital law; marriage law包办婚姻 arranged marriage财产分割 partition; dismemberment of property重婚 bigamy独生子女 only child法律婚 legal marriage非婚生子女 illegitimate child夫妻共同财产 community property夫妻关系 conjugal relationship夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board 复婚 resumption of marriage感情破裂 incompatibility婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登记 marriage registration婚生子女 ligitimate child计划生育 birth control结婚 marry离婚 divorce买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements配偶 spouse事实婚 de facto marriage诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation探视权 visitation right同居 cohabitation晚婚 late marriage无效婚姻 void marriage协议离婚 divorce by agreement一夫一妻制 monogamy早婚 early marriage直系血亲 lineal descent自然血亲 natural blood relation收养法 adoption law收养协议 adoption agreement收养人 adoptive parent送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption 涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements继承法 inheritance law; law of succession法定继承 legal seccession遗嘱继承 intestate succession遗赠继承 succession by devise自然继承 natural succession代位继承 representation; succession by subrogation 世袭继承 hereditary succession间接继承 indirect succession转继承 subsuccession共同继承 joint succession单独继承 single succession继承人 heir; successor第二顺序继承人 successor second in order第一顺序继承人 successor first in order继承参与人 succession participant遗产 inheritance; heritage遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor遗言 last will and testament遗书 last words遗赠 bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support agreement会计法 accounting law税法 tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法 anti-unfair competition law消费者权益保护法 consumer’s interest protection law 产品责任法 production liability law消费者权益法 consumer rights and interests law公司法 company law; corporate law公司 company; corporation有限责任公司 limited liability company股份有限公司 company limited by shares无限公司 unlimited company股份两合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司 joint liability company控股公司 holding company集团公司 group company合资公司 joint venture company联营公司 associated company; affiliated company国营公司 state-own company国有公司 state-owned company民营公司 civilian-run company本国公司 national/domestic company外国公司 foreign company上市公司 listed company母公司 parent company子公司 subsidiary皮包公司 briefcase company; fundless company募集设立 incorporation by stock floatation发起人 floater; initiator公司名称 name of company公司住址 domicile of company出资 contribution; capital subscription现金出资 investment in cash实物出资 investment in kind工业产权出资 investment in industrial property right 非专有技术出资 investment in non-patent technology 劳务出资 investment in labor高新技术成果出资 investment in hi-tech achievements 注册资本 registered capital实缴资本 paid-in capital验资报告 capital verification report会计师事务所 certified public accountants注册会计师 certified public accountant资本三原则 three doctrine of capital资本确定原则 doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则 doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则 doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度 minimum capital system公司章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw公司登记 incorporation; corporate registration公司存续 existence of company公司合并分立 merger and split of company公司并购 corporate merger and acquisition公司管理 corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问 corporate counsel公司整顿 company rectification公司歇业 closure of business公司和解 company composition公司解散 company dissolution公司清算 company liquidation公司清理 company winding-up竞业禁止 non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程 prospectus股本 stock capital股东 shareholder股东大会 shareholders’ meeting股东大会决议 resolution of shareholders’ meeting股东大会议事规则 rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting表决权 voting right; right to vote董事 director董事长 president/chairman of the board首席执行官 chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官 chief operation officer(COO)执行董事 executive director常务董事 managing director董事会 board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制 responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors经理独立负责制 manager independent responsibility system监事 supervisor监事会 board of supervisors股 share; stock普通股 common stock特别股 special stock资格股 qualification stock优先股 preferred stock劣后股 inferior stock表决权股 stock with voting power溢价股 premium stock折价股 converting stock国家股 state-owned share集体股 collective share法人股 corporate share 企业股 enterprise share个人股 individual share股息 dividend红股 bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金 legal accumulation fund资本公积金 capital accumulation fund盈余公积金 surplus accumulation fund任意公积金 optional accumulation fund公司犯罪 corporate crime证券法 securities law证券发行 issuance of securities证券上市 list securities; float an issue证券交易所 stock exchange证券商 securities dealer证券公司 securities company证券承销商 consortium of underwriters证券承销合同 underwriting contract证券经纪人 securities broker披露制度 disclosing system交割日 closing date风险投资基金 venture capital fund上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所 Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会 securities supervision committee 票据法 law of negotiable instrument票据 notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据 bill; commercial instrument远期票据 time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据 matured bill即期票据 sight bill记名票据 bill payable to order; note to order 不记名票据 bearer instrument本票 promissory note支票 cheque汇票 bill of exchange发票日 ticket day出票日 date of draft/issue发票地 place of draft/issue票据到期日 bill to mature票据金额 sum of bill票面价额 face value票据出票人 drawer票据持票人 bill holder票据承兑人 bill acceptor票据行为 act on commercial paper承兑票据 honor a bill票据议付 negotiation拒付票据 protest a bill票据付款人 drawee票据支付人 payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人 bill collector票据背书人 endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人 endorsee票据保证人 bill guarantor票据被保证人 bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人 renewed recourser前手 remote holder后手 subsequent endorser票据权利 right of bill票据期限 term of bill; tenor票据债务人 debtor of commercial instrument 追索权 right of recourse票据抗辩 exception to bill票据丧失 loss of bill票据时效 prescription of exchanges票据贴现 discount of bill再贴现 rediscount of bill恩惠期间 term of benevolence票据代理 agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法 maritime law船舶国籍证书 certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality船棋国 flag country船舶所有权证书 certificate of ship ownership船舶检验 register of ship船舶保险 insurance on hull船舶保险单 hull insurance policy船舶登记证书 certificate of registry船舶丈量 tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费 groundage船舶抵押 ship mortgage船舶租赁 ship chartering船舶转租 ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制 limitation of liabilities of ship owners 船舶碰撞 ship collision船舶遇难 maritime distress海上灾难 perils of the sea海上拖航 marine towage船舶扣押 detention of ship船舶债权 ship’s credit船级社 classification society船级证书 certificate of class海上留置权 maritime lien船舶留置权 maritime lien船舶抵押权 maritime mortgage海上优先请求权 priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权 priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权 priority claim to general average服务优先权 priority claim to service货物损害优先权 priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权 priority claim to ship credit and goods credit海运合同 shipping contract提单 bill of lading(B/L)空舱费 dead freight租船费 charterage租船合同 charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同 time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同 voyage charter-party定期租船合同 time charter-party光船租船合同 bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同 shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同 contract for carriage of passengers by sea 远洋拖带合同 contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同 contract of port towage海难救助合同 salvage contract海事报告 master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书 sea protest海事争议 maritime dispute海事法院 maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序 maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权 civil jurisdiction of sea collision 船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理 hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施 measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权 preferential right top maritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达 service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权 jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶 compulsory realization of the distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则 rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法 insurance law自愿保险 voluntary insurance强制保险 compulsory insurance商业保险 commercial insurance财产保险 property insurance人身保险 personal insurance人寿保险 life insurance健康保险 health insurance意外保险 accident insurance社会保险 social insurance养老保险 endowment insurance医疗保险 medical insurance失业保险 unemployment insurance信用保险 credit insurance保证保险 guaranty insurance保险合同 insurance contract保险人 insurer; underwriter被保险人 the insured受益人 benificiary投保人 applicant for insurance;; policy holder 保险单 insurance policy保险标的 insurance object保险费 premium保险期限 time limit of insurance保险利益 insurable interest保险金额 insurance; insurance compensation保险事故 insurance accident保险赔偿 insurance indemnity保险代理人 insurance agent保险经纪人 insurance broker索赔 claim代位索赔 claim by subrogation理赔 settlement of claim代位求偿权 right of subrogation委付 abandonment退保 cancellation/discharging of insurance。

法律英语必背单词期末考试法学

法律英语必背单词第一章法律制度Civil Law：民法Economic Law：经济法Legal system：法律制度；法律体系；法系American’s youth：美国建国初期Fifty States：50个州（美国是个联邦制国家，每个州都是一个相对独立的实体，有着自己的宪法和政府组织，因此把state理解成邦国更为准确）The reports of the United States Supreme Court：联邦最高法院判例汇编Stout volumes：巨册Overarching：贯穿始终的National characteristics：民族特性Binding interpretation：有约束力的法律解释Common law：普通法（它是统一适用于整个国家，效力优先于地方习惯法的法律，因此理解成共同法更为准确）Itinerant judges of the English royal court：英国皇家法院的巡回法官Writ：令状Provisions of Oxford：牛津条例（从贵族会议中推选出的24人委员会为限制亨利三世的权力而在1258年制定的一部带有宪法性质的法律）Writ upon the case：本案令状Ex aequo et bono：公平且善良Court of Chancery：衡平法院Maxims：法则Compensatory damage：金钱赔偿Judicial acceptance：司法接纳（即，通过判例法的方式接受）第二章法律职业Legal profession：法律职业The bar：法律职业Multistate Bar Exam：律师资格考试Substantial fraction：大多数Lawyer：律师Attorney：律师Attorney-at-law：律师Counsellor：律师Counsellor-at-law：律师Retain：雇用Practice law：从事律师业务Harlan Fiske Stone：哈兰·菲斯克·斯通，1941年担任最高法院首席大法官Chief Justice：首席大法官Barristers and solicitors：诉讼律师和非诉律师。

法律英语重点专业词汇

Unit oneUnited States Supreme Court联邦最高法院Common law legal system普通法系Civil law legal system民法体系Case law 判例法Statutory law制定法classical Roman law古罗马法private law私法binding interpretation约束力itinerant judges巡回法官English royal court英国皇家法院Enforcement强制执行Claim请求Action诉讼行为Writ法院令状writ upon the case本案令状equity law衡平法equity case law衡平判例法ex aequo et bono公平且善良specific performance特殊履行injunction禁令equitable relief衡平救济common law relief普通法救济common law damages普通法赔偿civil suit民事诉讼Jurisdictions司法辖区，行政辖区Title权利trial by jury陪审团审判judge-made law法官定法judicial precedent 司法先例stare decisis 遵循先例的原则jurisdiction 司法管辖权、司法管辖区trial court / court of the first instance 一审法院case of (the) first impression 无先例可循的案件appellate court 上诉法院Unit twoLegal Profession法律职业Multistate Bar Exam 多州可采用的（律师资格）考试federal courts联邦法院boards of directors公司的董事会Judge法官Attorney General司法部长（检察长）Chief Justice首席大法官Barristers出庭律师，大律师，诉讼律师Solicitors诉状律师，非诉律师，事务律师Attorney律师practice of law律师实务Lawyers in private practice独立开业的律师single practitioner单独开业者house Counsel专职法律顾问corporate counsel公司法律顾问The United States Department of Justice美国司法部public prosecutors公共检察官Federal prosecutors联邦检察官district attorneys地区检察官Congress of the United States美国国会Unit fourThe supreme Court最高法院Courts of Appeals上诉法院District Courts地区法院Special courts特别法院The Court of Claims索赔法院The Customs Court关税法院Three-tiered model三级审判制Trail Court,审判法院Circuit Court巡回法院Appellate Court , Court of Appeals上诉法院Supreme Court最高法院Justice大法官Judge法官justice of the peace治安法官magistrate司法官Chief Justice首席大法官Associate Justice副（助理）大法官Circuit Judge巡回法官Associate Judge副（助理）发法官Litigant诉讼人Plead his case before诉情由…之前The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit美国联邦巡回上诉法院specialized federal tribunals专门的联邦法庭capital punishment死刑writ of certiorari调案复审令on the bench担任法官期间career judiciary职业法官popular vote公众投票President总统Senate参议院gross misconduct重大失误The American Bar Association’s code of Judicial Conduct美国律师协会的法官行为准则Unit fiveArticles of Confederation 联邦条例BILL OF RIGHTS人权法案Doctrine of constitutional supremacy宪法至上原则Lifetime appointment终身任命Ballot box投票箱Impeachment弹劾misconduct or malfeasance失职或渎职T reason叛国罪Bribery受贿罪Misdemeanor轻罪House of Representatives众议院Senate参议院Legislative立法机关Executive执法机关Judicial司法机关Amendment修正案The doctrine of judicial review司法审查原则The rules and regulations 法规和规章Unit sevenCriminal Law刑法Model Penal Cod e标准刑法典Crime犯罪Punishment刑罚Criminal liability刑事责任Capital punishment 死刑Insanity defense精神不正常辩护Homicide杀人Self-defense正当防卫forcible felony暴力性重罪Robbery抢劫Burglary盗窃gross negligence严重过失criminal homicide有罪杀人Malice恶意deliberate intention故意Murder谋杀Death (Death penalty)死刑Prison terms extending to “life”终生监禁Prison to a special number of years一定年限的监禁Felony –murder重罪恶意谋杀Co-felons guilty of murder重罪共犯谋杀the commission of the crime实施犯罪Degrees of murder恶意杀人的等级—First degree murder一级谋杀Second degree murder二级谋杀Manslaughter非恶意杀人Voluntary manslaughter自愿性非恶意杀人，故意杀人Involuntary manslaughter非自愿性非恶意杀人，过失杀人great provocation巨大挑衅in the heat of passion激情之下criminal sanction刑事制裁conviction rate定罪率Acquittal 无罪判决“the unwritten law”不成文法“reasonable man”理智的人Unintentional killing 无意的杀人gross negligence重大过失dangerous unlawful conduct非法的危险行为Reckless homicide疏忽大意杀人罪Negligent homicid e过失杀人罪fine 罚款incarceration 禁闭penitentiary 监狱Imprisonment监禁Bank robber fugitive银行抢劫逃犯the commission of a very serious crime实施严重的犯罪robbery, burglary or rape抢劫、盗窃、强奸Sentence of death判处死刑Execution执行imposition of the death penalty死刑判决Prospective jurors即任陪审员Conscientious scruples 良心顾忌Unit nineUniform Commercial Code统一商法典Consumer Protection Statutes消费者保护法律Labor Law劳工法Insurance Law保险法Offer要约acceptance,承诺considerationContract performance合同履行Contract interpretation合同解释Breach 违约Remedy补救方法Damages赔偿金Expectation damages预期赔偿金Agreed upon remedies补救协议Equitable relief衡平救济T angible 有形的,Intangible property无形的财产Real property不动产personal property动产T reason叛国罪T ax evasion偷税罪SLander诽谤Ownership of property财产所有权Legal mechanism法律机制Fraud诈欺Primary source首要法源Secondary source次要法源Restatements of the Law法律注释汇编Stare decisis遵从先例Precedents案例preservation of the status quo保持现状“statute of frauds”欺诈条例Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典constitutional authority宪法授权American Law Institute美国法律研究所The Restatement of Contracts合同法注释汇编judicial discretion司法自由裁量权Unit tenT ort Law侵权法Federal T ort claims Act联邦侵权索赔法Intentional tort故意侵权行为Negligence or negligent tort过失侵权行为Strict liability tort严格责任侵权行为Personal tort人身侵权行为Property tort财产侵权行为civil suits民事诉讼damages claims要求赔偿Plaintiff原告Compensation补偿Damages损害contingent fee赔偿金Verdict判决Conversion转换Breach of warranty违反保证诺言state immunity国家豁免heirs or next of kin继承人或近亲属T estator立遗嘱人wrongful death action非正常死亡之诉Dram - shop acts小酒店法令Battery 殴打Assault 侵犯他人身体Conversion of property 非法侵占财产False imprisonment 非法拘禁T respass to personal and real property 侵占动产、不动产Defamation 诽谤Invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权Products liability 产品质量责任Liability for Negligence过失侵权责任Causality，Negligent act，Injury因果关系，疏忽行为，损伤duty of care照看义务Guest statutes宾客法规Contributory negligence共同过失Comparative negligence比较过失last clear chance最后明显机会Strict Liability严格责任No fault无过错责任The doctrine of resipsa loquitur不言自明原则fault principle过错原则Medical malpractice 医生渎职insurance premium保险费Actual loss实际损失Unit twelvePublic Corporation,公有公司private Corporation私有公司Corporation sole独有公司Corporation aggregate合有公司Parent Corporation母公司subsidiary Corporation子公司brother Corporation兄弟公司Profit Corporation营利公司Nonprofit Corporation非营利公司Publicly hold Corporation公众持股公司Closely Held Corporation内部持股公司Joint Venture Corporation合资公司Shell Corporation空壳公司Individual proprietorship s个体业主Partnerships合伙Corporations公司Uniform Partnership Act同意合伙条例Model Business Corporation Acts标准商务公司条例Securities Act证券法案Securities Exchange Act证券交易条例existing securities现有证券Blue Sky Laws蓝天法Federal Antitrust Laws联邦反托拉斯发Monopolization垄断separate legal entities独立的法律实体written partnership agreement书面合伙协议General partnerships一般合伙Limited partnership s限制合伙Assets, liabilities , dissolution资产，负债，解散publicly held corporations公众持股公司close corporations内部持股公司Secretary of state office州务部长the principal place of business主要营业地Unit fourteenCommercial Law商法The Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典economic welfare经济福利commerce clause商务条款complete grant of power完全的授权commerce power商务条例Modern Commerce Power T ests现代商务权利检验标准Modern Delegation of Power Doctrine 现代授权原则Executive Branch 行政部门interstate commerce 州际商务unconstitutional delegation 违宪的代表团Rulemaking制定行政法规executive agencies行政机构due process 正当程序American Law Institute美国法学会law merchant商业习惯法commercial transaction商务交易business transaction商业交易Sales 买卖Commercial Paper 商业票据Bank Deposit and Collections 银行存款和收款Letters of Credit 信用证Bulk T ransfers 大宗转让Documents of Title 所有权凭证Investment Securities 投资证券Secured T ransactions 担保交易《证券理论与实务》模块八考试精要（证券市场基础知识）模块八考试精要一、单项选择题1、涉及证券市场的法律、法规第一个层次是指（）。

《浅析英美法系刑法中的正当防卫》——刑法论文资料库

《浅析英美法系刑法中的正当防卫》——刑法论文资料库《浅析英美法系刑法中的正当防卫》——刑法论文资料库摘要: 正当防卫是英美法系各国和地区刑法中普遍予以规定的一种一般辩护理由,但这种辩护理由的成立必须具备一定的条件。

英美法系各国和地区刑法在正当防卫的分类上存在分歧,大致可以分为人身防卫、财产防卫和执法防卫三种类型。

英美法系各国和地区之间甚至某一国内部在这三种具体的正当防卫类型的构成条件上的理解、规定上都存在较大差异。

从比较研究的视角对英美法系各国或地区正当防卫的构成条件进行分析,对加强我国正当防卫理论的研究无疑颇具参考价值。

关键词: 正当防卫; 人身防卫; 财产防卫; 执法防卫; 构成条件在英美法系各国和地区的刑法中,正当防卫是一种普遍规定的一般辩护理由,但在分类及各自构成条件的规定上不尽相同。

在英国刑法中,正当防卫可以分为私人防卫和制止犯罪、逮捕犯人过程中的正当防卫两大类。

私人防卫又可以分为保卫人身权利的防卫和保卫财产权利的防卫。

美国刑法中的正当防卫分为四种具体类型,即防卫自身、防卫第三人、防卫财产和执法防卫。

加拿大刑法中的正当防卫包括执法防卫、人身防卫和防卫财产三种类型:(1)执法防卫。

具体包括7种情形:1)执行传票或判决;2)执行拘捕;3)阻止越狱;4)使用武力阻止犯罪;5)特定情况下的错捕;6)制止妨害治安;7)使用武力镇压暴乱。

(2)人身保护。

具体又分为三种情形:1)针对非因挑衅而发生的攻击的自卫;2)攻击时的自卫;3)防止攻击。

(3)防卫财产。

印度刑法中的正当防卫具体包括两种情形:(1)人身防卫,是指为保护自己或第三人的人身不受侵犯而进行的防卫;(2)财产防卫,是指为了保护自己或第三人的财产不受侵犯而进行的防卫。

新加坡刑法中的正当防卫分为以下两种类型:(1)人身防卫;(2)财产防卫。

我国香港特别行政区刑法中的正当防卫分为三种具体类型:(1)自身防卫;(2)防卫他人;(3)防卫财产。

由上可见,人身防卫和财产防卫是英美法系国家和地区刑法中正当防卫的两种基本类型,而执法防卫因其具有一定的特殊性,有必要单独作为一个类型予以分析。

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法律英语中的正当防卫
我国刑法第二十条对正当防卫的规定是：“为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害，而采取的制止不法侵害的行为，对不法侵害人造成损害的，属于正当防卫，不负刑事责任。

正当防卫明显超过必要限度造成重大损害的，应当负刑事责任，但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。

“
If a person employs an act to stop an unlawful infringement for the purposes of avoiding the said infringement for the State's or the public interest or for his own or another person's right of the person，property right or any other right， thus causing harm to the unlawful infringer， the said act shall be regarded as a justifiable defense and the said person shall not bear criminal responsibility.
If a justifiable defense apparently exceeds the limits of necessity， thus causing a serious harm，the person involved shall bear criminal responsibility， but be given a mitigated punishment or be exempt from punishment.
If a person employs an act of defense to an immediate violent crime of committing physical assault， homicide， robbery， rape， kidnapping or any other crime seriously endangering the safety of another person， thus causing bodily injury or death to the unlawful infringer， the said act shall not be regarded as a defense that exceeds the limits of necessity， and the said person shall not bear criminal responsibility.
用法解读：
employs an act：采取……的行动；
unlawful infringement：不法侵害；
for the purposes of：为了，因为，出于；
bear criminal responsibility：承担/担负刑事责任；
the said act：前述行为；
exceeds the limits of necessity：超过必要限度；
exempt from：免予，免除。