英语被动语态专讲

语法专题——被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式.表示主讲与谓讲之间的关系。

英讲有曲种讲态:主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。

对于被动语态的考查，多集中在被动讲态的结构及时态，以及被动语态的判断、动词'过去分词的正确拼写方面。

在学习过程中，.要注意揣摩句子的含义，掌握动词过去分词的不规则变化。

一、语态概念
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。

1. 语态是什么？语态有几种？
主动句
主语
被动句
The Great Pyramids was built (by the slaves) long long time ago.
▲主动语态:主语是动作的执行者
I wrote a letter to my father last night.
▲被动语态:主语是动作的承受者
A letter ______________to my father by me last night.
▲总结概念：
谓语动词的执行者作主语，用________语态。

谓语动词的承受者作主语，用________语态。

2. 何时使用被动语态？
①不知道谁是动作的执行者
②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时
③只需强调动作的承受者时
3. 构成：主语 +be + vt. p.p. + （by + 执行者）.
（及物动词的过去分词）
4. 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。

3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。

4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。

5.归纳各种时态的被动语态的基本形式
eg：1.The film is often talked about.
2.The baby was looked after by Lily.
3.They will be sent to the hospital right now.
4.The cake is being made by my mother now.
5.The food has been eaten up already.
6.To make our city more beautiful, rubbish mustn’t be thrown into the river.
7.This English song was being sung by the girls when I passed by after class.
8.The e-mail would be sent to the boss.
9.The classroom had been cleaned when I got there.
10. This problem can be solved in an hour by him.
归纳：
1.一般现在时
2.一般过去时
3.一般将来时
4.现在进行时
5.过去进行时
6.过去将来时
7.现在完成时
8.过去完成时
9.含有情态动词
被动语态的句型
被动语态的各种时态形式
课堂练习
1.Lucy bought some fruit.
Some fruit _____ ______ _____ Lucy.
2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day.
The flowers _______ _______ ____ Uncle Wang every day.
3.Did they build the bridge in 1998?
______ the bridge ________ in 1998?
4.When did Lu Xun write these books?
When _____these books _______ ____ Lu Xun?
5.The farmers don’t grow apples on the farm.
Apples ________ ________ on the farm.
6.They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday.
The classroom _______ ________ yesterday.
7.You can do the work all by yourself.
The work _____ _____ _____ all by yourself.
8.We must plant more trees.
More trees _____ _____ ________.
9. They will hold the sports meeting tomorrow.
The sports meeting ______ _____ ______ tomorrow.
10. The lifesaver has saved more than twenty lives.
More than twenty lives ______ _____ ______ by the lifesavers.
【考点抢测】
( A )1.(2016黄冈中考)—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him?
—No problem！I think he ________ to think twice before starting.
A．should be told B．can tell
C．should tell D．can be telling
( B )2.(2016青岛中考)Children should ________ to be honest from a young age.
A．educate B．be educated
C．punish D．be punished
( A )3.(2016威海中考)—There aren't any libraries in our town，are there?
—No，but it is said one ________ next year.
A．will be built B．is built
C．will build
( C )4.The sport of basketball________by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries.
A．play B．played C．is played
( B )5.When I called the bus service，I________that there was no more bus.
A．was telling B．was told
C．has told
( C )6.(2016青海中考模拟)A new club________in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.
A．starts B．is started
C．was started
( C )7.The first Earth Day________in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.
A．celebrates B．celebrated
C．was celebrated
( B )8.Alice________some advice on how to improve her listening skills，and she gladly accepted Miss Green's.
A．gave B．was given C．gives
( B )9.The task________in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.
A．was finished B．will be finished
C．has been finished
( C )10.I'm sure that stricter rules________to control smoking very soon.
A．made B．will make C．will be made
二、主动语态变为被动语态
1.主语+谓语+宾语.
eg: （1）They held a meeting yesterday. (主动句)
→_____________________________________________(改为被动句)
（2）He sang a song. (主动句)
→_____________________________________________(改为被动句)
2. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾. （双宾语）
含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。

但多以间接宾语作主语。

◆注意：以下接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

常见的双宾语动词如give, offer, pass, show, lend,
send 用介词to; buy, make , mend, cook, sing, get用for.
give sb sth →__________________________
show sb sth→__________________________
buy sb sth→__________________________
cook sb sth→__________________________
（1）He gave me a book.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
（2）My father bought me a new bike.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
（3）I usually offer the old some help.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
（4）I am passing him a pen.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
（5）Lucy will lend me her bike tomorrow.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语.
在主动句中,使役动词、感官动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等词后跟省略to的不定式，变被动语态时，必须还原to.
make sb do sth →___________________________
see sb do sth →___________________________
hear sb do sth →___________________________
notice sb do sth →___________________________
但是，see/hear/notice sb doing sth 变为被动结构时不需要加to。

see sb doing sth →___________________________
hear sb doing sth →___________________________
notice sb doing sth →___________________________
（1）The boss made the workers work all day.
→____________________________________
（2）We heard him sing in his room just now.
→____________________________________
（3）We heard him singing in his room when we passed by.
→____________________________________
（4）I saw the boy play football after school.
→____________________________________
（5）My mother made me do my homework after dinner.
→____________________________________
【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即“be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth。

”。

例如:
They saw her enter the meeting room just now.(刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。

)
→She was seen to enter the meeting room just now·
三、主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1、lock, open, read, sell, wash, write等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不是强调被执行的动作时，用主动形式表达被动意义，且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。

（1）The book is sold out, because it sells well.
（2）The pen is written by me and it writes well.
（3）The bike______________ by me and it _______________.
（4）The cloth _______________．这布很耐洗。

( wash )
（5）The door _______________. 这门锁不上。

( lock )
The door _______________．这门打不开。

(open)
The window _______________．这窗关不上。

(shut)
这个门没有被锁/被打开/被关上。

_________________________________________________
2、need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。

need doing sth = need to be done
want doing sth = want to be done 需要被做某事
require doing sth = require to be done
be worth doing sth 值得被做某事
（1）孩子们需要被照顾。

____________________________________________
____________________________________________
（2）花儿需要被浇水。

____________________________________________
____________________________________________
（3）这本书值得被读两次。

____________________________________________
My clothes need ___________ (wash).
The book is worth ___________ (read) twice.
The house needs __________(repair).
【知识拓展】·常见的被动形式表主动意义的词组:be seated坐着，就座; be hidden躲藏;be lost迷路;be drunk喝醉;be dressed穿着
考点突破
考点1考查及物动词的被动语态
1..(北京中考)A new hospital _______ in my town next year.
A .builds B. built C. is built D. will be built
【解析】选D。

主语hospital与谓语动词build之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，next year 说明要用一般将来时。

故选D。

2.(矜南中考)The Spring Festival________ in January or February.
A .celebrate B. was celebrated C. celebrated D. celebrated
【解析】选D。

主语The Spring Festival与celebrate之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，春节在一月或二月过是常态，故用一般现在时。

3.(安顺中考)一Wow! You have a ticket to the Expo!
一It_______ by my uncle·He 15 working in Shanghai·
A.has bought
B. had bought C·is bought D·was bought
【解析】it与buy之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，票已经买过了应该用一般过去时。

故选D。

4.(巴中中考)English_____ widely all over the world.
A. speaks
B. is spoken
C. are spoken
【解析】选B。

English是单数形式，且句子为被动语态，谓语应用is spoken。

考点2 考查情态动词的被动语态
5.(沪州中考)The dictionary may _______ for three weeks..
A.keep
B. be kept
C. borrow
D. be borrowed
【解析】选B for three weeks 表示一段时间，要用延续性动词，排除C、D；dictionary 与keep之间是动宾关系，用被动语态结构，may 是情态动词，系动词要用be。

故选择B
6、(咸宁中考)-Food safety is very important.
---So some rules _______ to stop people from polluting food.
A.must make
B. must be made
C. must made
D. be made
【解析】选B、rules和make.之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态结构.排除A、C；D项be动词原形有误，应该为are，排除D；must是情态动词.后面的系动词耍用be，B项正确。

7·(衡阳中考)Teenagers ________ allowed to drive.
A.Shouldn’t be
B. should be not
C. not should be
【解析】选A。

情态动词的被动语态的否定形式为:情态动词+not+be+动词的过去分词。

故选A。

考点3 考查及物动词短语的被动语态
8..(鄂州中考)—The meeting ______ because of the smog in Northern China last week.
A. put out
B. was put out
C. put off
D. was put off
【解析】选D。

由句意可知，会议被推迟了，要用被动语态结构。

排除A、C; Put out意为“扑灭，熄灭’，与句意不符，故选D。

9.(哈尔滨中考)On June 11th，2013，Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts _______ into space from the space center in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.
A·sent up B. are sent up C. was sent up
【解析】选c。

由on June llth，2013可知该句为一般过去时，排除B项;主语Shenzhou-10与谓语动词存在被动关系，应用被动语态，故选C。

【方法突破】
分析陕西近5年考情发现，涉及语态的试题选项中通常有一个主动，一个动词ing形式和一个被动，并且有现在时态和过去时态。

学生在做题时，可从以下角度入手分析：判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态
读懂句意，确定主语，判断主语表示人还是物，主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。

一般人作主语时，谓语动词用主动语态。

当主语为人时，需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出：若为主语发出，用主动语态；若不是主语发出，用被动语态。

物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态，由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。

对于被动语态来说，试题主要是让大家找出谓语动作的执行者或承受者，这就要根据句子的意思进行判断，然后根据句中的时间状语做出正确选择。

确定句子的时态
被动语态的使用离不开时态，所以应根据句中的时间状语、上下文的暗示或发生动作的时态来分析判断应使用哪种时态的被动语态。

再结合句意给出的时间状语或已发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。

四、没有被动语态的几种情况
1. 所有不及物动词（vi.)和短语不能用于被动语态中。

appear, die ,disappear , end , fail, happen, sit, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. come out , run out,
e.g.：① A traffic accident ____________(happen) just now.
② Great changes ___________________ in China recently. (take place)
③ The tiger ____________ in the forest.( disappear)
④The book ____________( come out) last week.
The book ____________( publish) last week.
They _____________(publish) the book last week.
⑤Our dream ____________(come)true in the future.
We____________(realise) our dream in the future.
Our dream__________________(realise) in the future.
⑥The money _________________(run out )already by us.
The money _________________(use up )already by us.
We _________________(use up ) the money already.
We _________________(run out of ) the money already.
2. 系动词没有被动语态
① be动词
② 感官动词+ adj
look, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste
e.g.
It smells terrible.
The silk feels soft.
The music __________ (sound) beautiful.
The cake__________(taste) delicious.
③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go
e.g.
People often went hungry in the old days.
The tree is growing tall.
The leaves of the trees turn yellow in autumn.
④ 保持/似乎，好像：keep, stay /seem，appear
e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.
She seems/appears happy.
1、—Have you ever heard of cups made of ice, tables made with tires(轮胎)？
—Yes. These can ______ in a low-carbon(低碳) restaurant, _______ is one of London’s two zero-carbon buildings in the Expo’s Urban Best Practice Area(城市最佳实践区)。

A．be founded, that
B．find, which
C．be found, which
2、When I traveled in Thailand, I bought a ring. It __________ silver.
A．was made in B．was made by
C．was made of D．was made from
3、This pair of shoes ________ my mother’s hands, and it _______ very comfortable .
A．is made with; is felt B．are made from; is felt
C．are made of; feels D．is made by; feels
4、—The music_______ by Tan Dun sounds_______. —Yes,many of us are fond of it.
A．was written ;wonderful B．written;wonderful
C．was written;wonderfully D．written;wonderfully
5、Many trees and flowers ______ in our city every year.
A. planted
B. were planted
C. are planted
6、Now more and more old pelope live alone and feel lonely. Yes. they should by us.
A．be taken care B．looked after
C．be cared D．be cared for
7、The boy with short hair ______ Little Tiger by his parents.
A．calls B．called
C．is calling D．is called
8、The shorts __________ of cotton.
A．made B．is made C．making D．are made
9、—How delicious these bananas are.
—Yeah. They ______ here from Hainan yesterday.
A．are brought B．brought
C．were brought D．have brought
10、I think the mountains will ______with trees in a few years’time. A．are covered B．be covered
C．be covering D．be cover
11、He had to in hospital until he was better.
A．remain B．be remained
C．remaining D．Remained
12、We a lot of places of interest since Monday.
A．will visit B．visited C．have visited D．are visiting
13、We a lot of places of interest since Monday.
A．will visit B．visited C．have visited D．are visiting
14、The sign ______, “No photos!”Why are you still taking photos here ? A．is written；B．is said；C．says；D．is read；
15、Much more attention should ________ when we take exams.
A．pay to B．be paid to
C．pay D．be paid
16、—I feel very happy that I _________ to be the host .
—Congratulations .
A．choose B．am chosen
C．was chosen D．have chosen
17、—Do you like reading books?
—Yes. Each of us ________ to do more reading in and after class.
A．are encouraged B．encourage
C．is encouraged D．is encouraging
18、A lot of money __________ at the charity show, but the cost of living __________ a lot, so we still need to do much work to help the disabled people.
A．was raised; has risen B．was raised; were raised
C．rose; has risen D．rose; were raised
19、The little boy sing in his room last night.
A．heard to B．is heard to
C．was heard D．was heard to
20、—Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting?
—No decision yet. I think it _______ after discussing it with Mr Zhao.
A．was decided B．will be decided
C．will decide D．is decided
21、Unluckily, a car accident _____ on this road last week.
A．happened B．was happened
C．was happening D．has happened
22、--These plans are all suitable.I haven't decided which one to choose.
--It's OK.You ________ plenty of time to make a decision.
A．gave B．give
C．will give D．will be given
23、–Who ate my ice-cream?
–It by Eddie.
A．is eaten B．was eaten
C．was eaten D．has been eaten
24、一During the APEC summit（峰会)，Beijing’s sky was so blue and clear. －It APEC blue.But too bad it no longer stays that way．
A．is called B．are called C．called D．calls
25、- Mr. Huang, it's late. Why are you still here?
- My daughter hasn't come back from school yet. I for her.
A．waited B．am waiting
C．was waiting D．have waited
26、--Did you and your sister go to Miss Brown’s party yesterday?.
---No. Neither of us ______.
A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited
27、—Have you heard of the Big Ben?
—Of course. It a symbol of UK.
A．regards as B．is regarded as
C．is regarded to D．regards to
28、--Are you going to Sam's birthday party the day after tomorrow?
--I'm not sure. I will go with you if I ____
A．will invite B．invite
C．will be invited D．am invited
29、You another day to make your own decision.
A. gave
B. are giving
C. will be given
30、The new film The Left Ear by Su Youpeng a few months ago, who is also a famous singer. A．is directed B．was directed
C．directed D．directs
答案
1、
2、
3、
4、
5、
6、7、8、9、
10、
11、
12、
13、
14、
15、
16、
17、
18、
19、
20、
21、
22、
23、
24、
25、
26、
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29、
30、
课后练习
单项选择
1 ( ) 1 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used
B. are using
C. are used
D. have used ( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks
B. are spoken
C. is speaking
D. is spoken ( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings
B. often sang
C. is often sang
D. is often sung ( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
2 ( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep
B. be kept
C. to be kept
D. to keep
( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold
B. it's selling
C. It's been sold
D. it had been sold ( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building
B. is being built
C. been built
D. be building
3 ( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted
B. taste
C. tastes
D. are tasting
( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see
B. watch
C. look
D. look at
( ) 3 What you said ___ like a good idea.
A. heard
B. listened
C. sound
D. sounded
( ) 4Dinosaurs ____ about 65 million years ago.
A. were disappeared
B. are disappeared
C. disappeared
D. disappear
4 ( ) 1 __ these desks be needed?
A. Will
B. Are
C. Has
D. Do
( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
A. Does
B. Has
C. Is
D. Are
5( ) 1 Where ___ these boxes made?
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. am
( ) 2 Who was the book___?
A. write
B. wrote
C. written
D. written by
6( ) 1 The flowers___often.
A. must be water
B. must be watered
C. must watered
D. must water ( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept
B. be borrowed
C. keep
D. borrow
( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend
B. can mended
C. can be mend
D. can be mended
7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt
B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt
D. are going to rebuilt
( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown
B.will shown
C. will show
D. is shown ( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
A. is going to be rebuilt
B. will be rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt
D. will rebuild
8 ( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play?
-Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching
B. watched
C. seen
D. seeing ( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean
B. clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned ( ) 3 The book is worth ___.
A. seeing
B. reading
C. seen
D. read
9( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must __ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw
B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw
D. stop from throwing
( ) 2 The teapot ___ water.
A. is filled with
B. filled of
C. fulling of
D. filled ( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to
B. spoken
C. speak
D. spoken to ( ) 4 Old people must ___.
A. look after well
B. be looked well after
C. looked well after
D. be looked after well
10( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care
B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of
D. take good care
11( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called
B. was asked
C. told
D. was said
( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown
B. show
C. shown
D. have shown
( ) 3 The coat___her sister.
A.made to
B.were made for
C.was made for
D.was made to
12 ( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave
B. was giving
C. had given
D. was given
13( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do
B. do
C. did
D. done
( ) 2 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean
B. made clean
C. made to clean
D. was made clean
( ) 3 These children____dance.
A. were seen to
B. were seen for
C. were seen
D. saw to
14 ( ) 1The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost
B. costed
C. cost
D. is costed
( ) 2 I like my bike. It __ very well.
A. rides
B. is riding
C. is ridden
D. has ridden
( ) 3 The tea ___very nice.
A. is tasted
B. taste
C. tastes
D. are tasting
15 ( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place
B. have taken place
C. were taking place
D. had taken place ( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
A.was broken down
B.is wrong
C.is bad
D.has broken down
( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened
B. have taken place
C. have been happened
D. have been taken place
二. 用动词的正确语态填空。

1. The students _______ often _______(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
2. That play ___________(put) on again sometime next month.
3. The children need ___________(look)after.
4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits___________ (sell) in this shop.
5.The music __________ (sound) beautiful.
6. An accident ___________ (happen) yesterday.
7. ________ the magazine ________(can take) out of the library?
8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
9. The book ____________( come out) last week.
The book ____________( publish) last week.
They _____________(publish) the book last week.
10. The money _________________(run out )already by us.
The money _________________(use up )already by us.
We _________________(use up ) the money already.
We _________________(run out of ) the money already.
11. These kinds of machines __________ (make) in Japan.
12. Russian ____________ (learn) as the second language by some students in China.
13. Our dream ____________(come)true in the future.
We____________(realise) our dream in the future.
Our dream__________________(realise) in the future.
14. The bike ______________ (must not put) here.
15. A beautiful horse ___________ (draw) by John next day.
16. This kind of machine ___________ (can made) by uncle Wang.
17. My clothes need ___________ (wash).
18. The book is worth ___________ (read) twice.
19. ______ you ____ (see) the film yet?
Yes, I _______ (see) it last week.
20. Uncle Wang ____________ (live) here since 1980
21. Listen! Someone _________ (sing).
22. The cake__________(taste) delicious.
23. The house needs __________(repair).
24. What language ____________(speak) in Canada?
25. Great changes _________________ (take place ) in our hometown recently.。