2020高考英语 非谓语动词的用法和区别(9) 精品

2020高考总复习（9）：非谓语动词的用法和区别

考试要求：

非谓语动词是高中阶段的语法重点和难点，高考大纲语法部分明确要求，考生们必须掌握动词不定式、动词ing形式（根据功能可分为现在分词和动名词）、动词ed形式在句子中的各种用法。高考的各大题型对非谓语动词的用法以及区别的考查都有涉及。同时这也是很多同学学习的难点。

知识总结：

不定式的用法

1.不定式作主语，不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。

To lose your heart means failure.

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

To do two things at a time is to do neither．

2.不定式作宾语

下列动词要求必须接不定式做宾语：attempt企图；enable能够；neglect忽视；afford 负担得起；demand要求；long渴望；arrange安排；destine注定；mean意欲，打算；expect 期望；omit忽略，遗漏；appear似乎，显得；determine决定；manage设法；cease停止；pretend假装；ask要求；agree同意；desire愿望；love爱；volunteer志愿；wish希望；bear承受；endeavor努力；offer提供；beg请求；fail不能；plan计划；bother扰乱，烦恼；prefer喜欢，宁愿；care关心，喜欢；happen碰巧；prepare准备；decide决定；learn学习；regret抱歉，遗憾；choose选择；hesitate犹豫；claim要求；hope希望；promise承诺，允许；start开始；undertake承接；want想要；consent同意，赞同；intend 想要；refuse拒绝；seek找，寻觅；try试图

3.不定式作表语

What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad.

The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution.

（主语的内容或性质）

He is to marry Rose. （表按计划要做的事情）

4.不定式作定语

不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系：

He was the last one to leave school yesterday．

不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系：

Get him something to eat．

I need a pen to write with.

The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.

5.不定式作宾语补足语

We often hear her sing the song at home.（省略to）

My teacher asked me to go there on time.

She was considered to have stolen the money.

下列词常接不定式做宾补：see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have

6.不定式作目的状语，相当于用in order (not) to，so as (not) to引导的目的状语。

Tim sat near the fire to get warm.

The athletes practised hard to win the match.

7.不定式作结果状语，常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容词/副词 + as to, such + 名词… as to do结构。

Would you be so kind as to step this way, please?

I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.

He is brave enough to go out alone at night

I’m not such a fool as to believe that.

8.不定式作原因状语，常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后。

I am happy to see you.

She was sad to hear the bad news.

9.不定式的完成式，表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。

The novel was said to have been published.

I regret to have been with you for so many years.

seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported 等动词常用不定式的完成式。此外，形容词glad，happy，satisfied，sorry，surprised，disappointed后也接完成式，但要注意与一般式的区别。

I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute. 对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）

10.不定式的省略现象

不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to 。

I watched him disappear in the distance.

介词but ,except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do，不定式要省去to。

We did nothing but/except wait then.

不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do, 作表语的不定式to可省略。

What I want to do now is (to) find some books to read.

11.不定式后动词的省略

动词love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。

但句式 would have done …, should have done…, ought to have done…, needn’