2015年考研英语一真题深入解析之阅读理解

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2015考研英语一阅读真题深度解析

2015考研英语一阅读真题深度解析2015考研英语已在今天下午落下帷幕，今年英语一考题的传统阅读部分在文章选取和选项设置方面均难于往年。

下面笔者就阅读第一篇进行深度解析。

第一篇阅读选自2014年6月4日the guardian发表的名为“Is the writing on the wall for all European royals?”的文章，就题材来说属于文教史哲类，主要内容是讨论当下欧洲君王制度所存在的问题。

文章后五道考题中三道细节题，一道推理题，一道主旨题。

其比例与往年第一篇相比，将猜词题的考查换成了主旨题，在难度上略有增加。

首先第21题是一道细节题，考查了考生对文章前两段中对于西班牙胡安·卡洛斯一世描述的细节把握，该题的解题关键在于读懂首段But之后句子的意思。

这也是我们在钻石卡vip课程中多次强调的转折处常设考题。

根据题干要求，定位到文章前两段。

而文章第一段的第二句话提到“But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.”（在最近的欧洲选举中，令人尴尬的丑闻和受欢迎的共和党，均迫使Carlos收回前言并退位）。

D选项中“stand down”是“end reign”的同义置换，且“embarrassment”与导致Carlos卸任的原因“embarrassing scandals”是相呼应的。

故D是正确答案。

A项“过去常常享有很高的公众支持”、B项“在欧洲皇室不受欢迎”、C项“缓和他与对手的关系”在原文中均未提及，属于无中生有。

第22题也是一道细节题，考查了考生对文章第三段最后一句话的理解。

这也是我们在暑期强化班课程中多次强调的因果处常设考点。

2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析Section I Use of English :Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is t his apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her ratherordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobi lity’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contentsof a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being a uthorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s p hone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overa ll drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, sh e continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not beaccountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawingon your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of readin g. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a si ght of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)手机时代的聚会参考答案及详细解析I cloze1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。

深度解析2015英语一真题阅读Text4

深度解析2015英语一真题阅读Text4随着考生们忐忑不安的心情，2015考研英语已在今天下午落下帷幕。

考生们应该是带着一种轻松的心情走出考场的。

因为今年英语一的传统阅读部分与往年相比，难度持平，没有明显的起伏。

下面笔者就阅读理解第四篇进行深度解析。

第四篇阅读理解选自2014年6月29日The Observer（《观察家》）发表的名为“As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life”的文章，属于社会生活类题材的文章。

作者通过对手机黑客案件的审理，分析了目前由此造成的道德丧失问题普遍存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中。

这篇文章五道考题难度相对较大，其中有三道推理题，一道细节题，还有一道观点例证题。

虽然题目的设置有所难度，但是解题方法却离不开海文老师一直提倡的宏观阅读法。

只要抓住了这篇文章的主线，以及作者的态度，那么这五道题也就不那么难了。

首先，第一段作者通过引用Elizabeth的话，指出目前存在的正值感丧失是让人很沮丧的。

接着从第二段开始，就过渡到了新闻业中。

很多记者涉及到非法的手机黑客案中；然后第三段和第四段明确指出，对于这种案件审理过程中的问题使得道德丧失依然存在。

最后第五段和第六段深化主题，表现出作者的态度，认为现在普遍存在的社会分类机制只看重利益，而忽略了公平正义，并再次通过记者的行为进行佐证。

36题是一个细节题。

可以直接定位到第一段第一句话，Elizabeth认为让人烦心的（unsettling）的是dearth of integrity（正值感的丧失）。

第二句话，进一步指出正值感的丧失（integrity had collapsed）是由于目前人们广泛认同的社会分类机制（sorting mechanism）。

结合这两句话，不难得出答案为A (the consequences of the current sorting mechanism)。

2015年考研英语(一)阅读理解

2015年英语(一)的阅读理解Part A部分与2014年相比没有太大改变，考生在考试过程中应继续秉承正确的方法——先读题目，了解题目的要求，再有目的地回到原文中找正确答案。

Text 4 的文章整体来讲不算难，如果对Murdoch (默多克)传媒帝国下属的news of the world (《世界新闻报》)的telephone hacking(电话窃听)丑闻有所了解的话，这篇文章做起来应该是得心应手的，所以多了解背景知识对我们的英语考试有很大帮助。

第36题，According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by_____. 问Elisabeth因为什么感到生气。

第一段和第二段都是围绕Elisabeth的话展开的，第一段有一个明显的提示词because of，这句话就非常清晰的解释了Elisabeth生气的原因，Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market。

(诚信崩塌是因为公众都接受这样一个观点：社会的“分拣机制”应该是能盈利的和能做交易的)。

与A选项对应，the consequences of the current sorting mechanism。

(现行分拣机制的后果)。

其实就是说Elisabeth主要是因为“dearth of integrity”或“integrity had collapsed”生气，而这正是现行“sorting mechanism”的结果。

第37题，It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that______. 可以从第3段推断出什么。

2015研究生入学考试英语一真题答案解析

2015研究生入学考试英语一真题答案解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Readthe following text。

Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank andmark ［A], ［B］，[C］or [D］on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points）Though not biologically related, friends are as ”related”as fourth cousins，sharing about 1％of genes。

That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 。

The study is a genome—wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers。

The same people were used in both 5 .While 1％may seem 6 ，it is not so to a geneticist。

As co—author of the study James Fowler，professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says, ”Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin."The team also developed a ”friendship score" which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes.The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity。

2015年考研英语阅读真题答案及解析(英一英二) (1)

2015年考研英语阅读真题答案及解析苏州新东方张雷每年英语考试结束后，总会有很多考生“哀声载道”：今年的题好难啊！比去年难多了！但我觉得这可能都是幻觉吧！拿今年的阅读题来说，确实很难，但是不是最难的，难度总体还是和往年持平的。

接下来我们就来分别分析下仔细阅读（四选一题）和新题型一、仔细阅读我们很多同学拿到第一篇文章就懵了，第一段讲什么完全看不懂，里面有很多生词看不懂。

我在课上反复强调过，读文章切记不要心急，在考场那样高度压抑和紧张的气氛下，越是心急越是看不懂，一定要沉下来细心分析。

第一段看不懂，再看一篇，因为第一段一般都是中心主旨段，看懂第一段至关重要。

但如果还看不懂就继续往下读，总有能看懂的段落。

而且，并不是说文章读不懂就一题都做不出来的，或者说读懂一部分文章也能做对一部分题，如果能保证这部分题的准确率，我相信每篇做对3个问题不大。

1.在做题的时候我们严格遵守顺序原则：除了主旨题（一般是最后一题）之外，文章的出题顺序和段落顺序保持一致。

考研出题方式一题对应一段（多段落推断题除外），也就是说一题的四个选项均来自于这段几句话，正确选项也来自于这段的某句话或者某几句话，当然对于单段落推断题而言，正确选项很有可能是这段的中心主旨。

所以，定位准确是做对考研阅读题的一个前提！2.另外，考生也应掌握一些做题技巧，这些做题技巧可以帮助我们提分或者提高准确率。

这些技巧就是：1. 选抽象，也就是要排除含有大写字母的(the Castle, thePalace…) ，人名地名机构名( California, FTC、CIA…)，数字（2008, 20%...），专有名词/专业名词( Worldcup, Sat，REM, prefrontal cortex…)的选项。

2. 选BUT转折后，如果转折后看不懂，就选But 转折后的原词 3. 选主旨（文章反复出现的词语）详情看参考我写的“大数据告诉你考研英语阅读选什么”那篇文章3.考生应具备识别错误选项特点的能力1.含有比较级或最高级选项，极有可能是错误的2.跨段选项极有可能是错误的3.含有具体名词的：大写字母的 (the Castle, the Palace…) ；人名地名机构名( California, FTC、CIA…)；数字（2008, 20%...）；专有名词/专业名词( Worldcup, Sat，REM, prefrontal cortex…) 极有可能是错误的。

2015年考研英语（一）真题深度解析——阅读Text1[精心整理]

002015年考研英语（一）真题深度解析——阅读Text102015年这篇阅读文章的选择依然延续了考研英语选材的一贯做法，选自2014年6月4日《卫报》上一篇名为Is the writing on the wall for all European royals?(所有欧洲皇室注定要失败吗?)的文章。

主要讨论了西班牙胡安·卡洛斯国王退位这一事件对欧洲诸多皇室的影响，尤其是对英国皇室的影响。

总体来说，作为今年阅读题型的第一篇，文章在内容上难度稍大，尤其是里面涉及到了一些人名、地名的专有名词以及非常地道的英式习语表达等等。

但是，如果纯就题目来说的话，难度倒不是很大，答案的出处也比较容易找到。

接下来就文章具体的题目来进行深入的解析。

021、According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carl of Spain0[A] used to enjoy high public support0[B] was unpopular among European royals00[C] ended his reign in embarrassment00[D] cased his relationship with his rivals0答案：[C] ended his reign in embarrassment00解析：题目中明确提到答案的范围是在前面两段，而关键词又是King Juan Carl of Spain，那么根据关键词可以主要定位到第一段。

在第一段中，对于King Juan Carl of Spain这个人的主要描述就是King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.0根据题目所给的四个选项，可以发现C项ended his reign in embarrassment(在窘迫中结束了他的统治)正好讲的就是第二句话的内容：But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.(但是令人窘迫的丑闻以及在最近欧洲选举中所呈现的共和制的盛行都迫使他食言而退位。

2015考研英语一阅读理解真题详解

2015考研英语一阅读理解真题详解随着考生们忐忑不安的心情，2015考研英语已在今天下午落下帷幕。

考生们应该是带着一种轻松的心情走出考场的。

因为今年英语一的传统阅读部分与往年相比，难度持平，没有明显的起伏。

下面笔者就阅读理解第四篇进行深度解析。

作者通过对手机黑客案件的审理，分析了目前由此造成的道德丧失问题普遍存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中。

这篇文章五道考题难度相对较大，其中有三道推理题，一道细节题，还有一道观点例证题。

虽然题目的设置有所难度，但是解题方法却离不开海文老师一直提倡的宏观阅读法。

只要抓住了这篇文章的主线，以及作者的态度，那么这五道题也就不那么难了。

首先，第一段作者通过引用Elizabeth的话，指出目前存在的正值感丧失是让人很沮丧的。

接着从第二段开始，就过渡到了新闻业中。

很多记者涉及到非法的手机黑客案中；然后第三段和第四段明确指出，对于这种案件审理过程中的问题使得道德丧失依然存在。

36题是一个细节题。

可以直接定位到第一段第一句话，Elizabeth认为让人烦心的（unsettling）的是dearth of integrity（正值感的丧失）。

第二句话，进一步指出正值感的丧失（integrity had collapsed）是由于目前人们广泛认同的社会分类机制（sorting mechanism）。

结合这两句话，不难得出答案为A (the consequences of the current sorting mechanism)。

2015年考研英语一阅读理解真题详解

2015年考研英语一阅读理解真题详解2015年这篇阅读文章的选择依然延续了考研英语选材的一贯做法，选自2014年6月4日《卫报》上一篇名为Is the writing on the wall for all European royals?（所有欧洲皇室注定要失败吗？）的文章。

主要讨论了西班牙胡安·卡洛斯国王退位这一事件对欧洲诸多皇室的影响，尤其是对英国皇室的影响。

总体来说，作为今年阅读题型的第一篇，文章在内容上难度稍大，尤其是里面涉及到了一些人名、地名的专有名词以及非常地道的英式习语表达等等。

但是，如果纯就题目来说的话，难度倒不是很大，答案的出处也比较容易找到。

接下来就文章具体的题目来进行深入的解析。

21、According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carl of Spain[A] used to enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] ended his reign in embarrassment[D] cased his relationship with his rivals答案：[C] ended his reign in embarrassment解析：题目中明确提到答案的范围是在前面两段，而关键词又是King Juan Carl of Spain，那么根据关键词可以主要定位到第一段。

在第一段中，对于King Juan Carl of Spain 这个人的主要描述就是King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.根据题目所给的四个选项，可以发现C项ended his reign in embarrassment（在窘迫中结束了他的统治）正好讲的就是第二句话的内容：But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.（但是令人窘迫的丑闻以及在最近欧洲选举中所呈现的共和制的盛行都迫使他食言而退位。

2015考研英语真题讲解

2015考研英语真题讲解一、阅读理解In today's world of globalized business, the ability to understand and connect with people from different cultures is more important than ever. This cultural intelligence ― the ability to work effectively in culturally diverse situations ― is a key facto r in the success of individuals and organizations. In order to develop cultural intelligence, individuals need to possess certain qualities and demonstrate specific behaviors.Firstly, one of the most important qualities for developing cultural intelligence is open-mindedness. People with open minds are willing to experience and learn about new cultures without judgment or prejudice. They are curious and eager to understand different perspectives and ways of doing things.Secondly, individuals with cultural intelligence are adaptable. They are able to adjust their behavior and communication style to fit the cultural norms of the people they are interacting with. Adaptable individuals are flexible and can easily navigate unfamiliar cultural settings.Thirdly, cultural intelligence requires strong interpersonal skills. Individuals with cultural intelligence are able to establish and maintain relationships with people from different cultures. They are good listeners, empathetic, and skilled at resolving conflicts that may arise due to cultural differences.Lastly, individuals with cultural intelligence are knowledgeable about different cultures. They invest time and effort into learning about thehistory, customs, and social norms of different cultures. This knowledge allows them to understand and appreciate the values and beliefs of people from different backgrounds.In conclusion, developing cultural intelligence is essential for success in today's globalized world. Open-mindedness, adaptability, interpersonal skills, and cultural knowledge are all qualities and behaviors that contribute to cultural intelligence. By cultivating these qualities and demonstrating these behaviors, individuals can enhance their ability to connect with people from different cultures and effectively navigate culturally diverse situations.二、翻译在全球化业务的今天，理解和与来自不同文化背景的人建立联系的能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。

2015考研真题及解析汇报英语一

实用标准文档文案大全2015考研真题及解析（英语一）Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related”as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale Universityin the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which__(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used inboth_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, fornow,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to beevolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor. The findings do not simply explain people's_(18)_to befriend those ofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population. 1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what实用标准文档文案大全【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。

2015考研英语(一)深度解析——阅读理解Text2

2015考研英语（一）深度解析——阅读理解Text2阅读理解第二篇文章是关于个人隐私数据保护的问题，文章的内容与时俱进，但是题目却比较简单，几乎都可以在原文中迅速找到答案。

第26题，The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_____.(最高法院需要裁决在逮捕过程中什么是否合法)。

根据题目定位到第一段，中心词语是主语supreme court和形容词legitimate，第一段的第二句话就解决了这个问题The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant…(最高法院正在考虑是否允许警察在逮捕过程中没有搜查许可证而搜查嫌疑人手机内容信息)。

根据这句话可以很快排除C、D选项。

A选项具有迷惑性，search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant..错在search for(寻找手机)上，与原文不符，原文说的是search the contents of a mobile phone(搜查手机信息内容)。

B选项正确，其中check suspects’phone contents without being authorized…check可以替换为search。

第27题，The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of______.这个是观点态度题，需要从文中推断。

选项分别为[A] tolerance.(宽容);[B] indifference. (不关心)——可立刻排除;[C] disapproval.(不赞成);[D] cautiousness.(谨慎)。

2015考研英语一真题及答案解析

2015考研英语一真题及答案解析2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析2015年的考研英语一真题是众多考生备考过程中的重要参考资料之一。

考研英语作为考试的重要科目，对考生的英语综合能力有着较高的要求。

以下将对2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析进行详细分析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考试内容。

真题分析2015年考研英语一真题由阅读理解、完形填空和翻译三个部分组成。

下面将对各个部分进行分析：阅读理解部分阅读理解部分包含了三篇文章，分别涉及文化类、科技类和社会生活类话题。

考生需要通过阅读理解文章内容，回答相关问题。

此部分主要考察考生的阅读理解能力和对文章隐含意思的理解。

完形填空部分完形填空部分由一篇短文组成，主要考察考生对文章整体的理解能力。

考生需要根据文章的语境和上下文的提示，在空白处选择最佳答案，完成短文的阅读。

翻译部分翻译部分要求考生将一段英文短文翻译成中文。

此部分考察考生的英语翻译能力和语言表达能力。

考生需要准确地理解原文的含义，并用流畅准确的中文表达出来。

答案解析阅读理解部分的答案解析主要涉及对文章中问题的分析和解答。

考生需要仔细阅读每个问题，并结合文章的内容找到正确答案的依据。

对于涉及推理和判断的问题，考生需要在理解文章的基础上，进行合理的分析推断。

完形填空部分的答案解析主要涉及对短文整体的理解和上下文的推断。

考生需要从文章的语境和逻辑关系出发，判断空白处最佳答案的逻辑连贯性和连贯性。

翻译部分的答案解析主要涉及对翻译的准确性和表达能力的评价。

考生需要尽量准确地表达原文的含义，并注意语法和语言的表达方式，力求用流畅准确的中文表达出英文原文的含义。

总结2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析是考生备考过程中必不可少的参考资料。

通过对真题的分析和解析，考生可以更好地理解考试内容，提高解题能力和应试技巧。

同时，需要考生注重对英语阅读理解和翻译能力的培养，不断提高自己的英语综合能力，以取得优异的考试成绩。

2015考研英语一真题及答案解析

2015考研英语一真题及答案解析2015考研英语一真题及答案解析随着中国高等教育的普及和国内研究生教育的迅速发展，考研成为许多本科生的选择。

其中，英语一作为考研英语科目的一部分，对考生的综合能力要求较高。

本文将对2015年考研英语一真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解题目和答案。

第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语一的重点和难点，需要考生具备较强的阅读理解能力和词汇积累。

2015年考研英语一的阅读理解部分共有三篇文章，分别是《The Future of Work》、《The Benefits of Bilingualism》和《The Power of Sleep》。

首先是《The Future of Work》一文，主要讨论了未来工作的趋势和变化。

文章通过对历史上工作方式的回顾，指出了技术革命对工作方式的影响。

同时，文章还提到了自由职业的兴起和全球化对职业发展的影响。

对于这篇文章，考生需要注意抓住关键词，理解作者的观点和论证方式。

例如，作者在文章中提到了技术革命对工作方式的改变，可以从中得出作者认为未来工作将更加依赖技术的观点。

接下来是《The Benefits of Bilingualism》一文，主要探讨了双语对个人发展的好处。

文章通过举例和数据分析，证明了双语能力对个人认知能力的提升和职业竞争力的增强。

对于这篇文章，考生需要注意抓住关键词，理解作者的观点和论证方式。

例如，作者在文章中提到了双语能力对个人认知能力的提升，可以从中得出作者认为双语能力对个人发展有积极影响的观点。

最后是《The Power of Sleep》一文，主要探讨了睡眠对个人健康和工作效率的重要性。

文章通过举例和科学研究，证明了睡眠对身体和大脑的重要作用。

对于这篇文章，考生需要注意抓住关键词，理解作者的观点和论证方式。

例如，作者在文章中提到了睡眠对工作效率的影响，可以从中得出作者认为睡眠对个人健康和工作效率有重要影响的观点。

2015年考研英语_一_阅读PartA真题解析_陈曲

考研英语(一)阅读Part A真题解析◎ 文 / 陈曲考研英语的阅读理解主要包含三部分，其中Part A 传统阅读的比重最大，分值最高，历来是考生备考的重点。

2015年考研英语(一)阅读理解Part A 的四篇文章均选自国外英文原版报刊。

其中，Text 1和Text 4选自《卫报》(The Guardian)；Text 2选自《华盛顿邮报》(The Washington Post)；Text 3则选自《自然》杂志(Nature)。

总体看来，此次阅读文章本身的难度略有上升，但出题思路与以往相仿，试题难度与往年基本持平。

因此，考生只需遵循正确的解题思路及步骤即可克敌制胜。

下面笔者就对2015年考研英语(一)阅读理解Part A 的真题进行详解，重点分析解题步骤、答题技巧及题型特点，并为2016年的考生提供备考建议。

2015年解题步骤考研英语阅读Part A 的解题步骤一般分成三步。

第一步：阅读对应段落。

考生可以在第一遍扫读全文时标明各段落的序号，以方便做题时定位答案信息，然后根据题目要求，阅读对应段落，了解其中心大意。

第二步：定位答案信息。

考生在读完题目之后，可以根据题干中的关键词回原文定位相关答案信息。

第三步：筛选正确选项。

考生根据自己对定位到的关键信息的理解进行判断，同时结合相关段落的主题筛选出正确答案。

下面笔者将结合真题，针对上述解题步骤介绍具体的答题技巧。

1阅读对应段落阅读考研英语阅读理解文章最难的不外乎两件事：一是单词，二是长难句。

在单词方面，本次考试设置了一些障碍。

比如Text 4中曾多次出现关键词integrity (正直，诚信)，考生如果不认识这个词，就会在理解文章时遇到障碍。

通常，应对生词的方法有两种。

一种是Test Bible考试手册通过词根、词缀对词义进行推测。

比如Text 1第一段的abdicate ，考生如果熟悉一些常见词缀的含义，就能很容易地通过该单词的前缀“ab-”推测其有away from 的意思。

2015年考研英语一真题深入解析之阅读理解

2015年考研英语一真题深入解析之阅读理解Text3阅读理解的第三篇属于非理科专业学生不太熟悉的话题——统计数据检查和同行评审，但是好在生词量不大，虽然有专有名词，也可以忽略。

难点体现在考察得比较细，同学们需要细心看才能做正确。

第31题，It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that______.（从第一段可以看出什么）。

还是问的主要内容，那么根据西方人的思维和写作习惯，主要的和重要的都在前面，因此，重点是读第一句话。

The journalScienceis adding an extra round of statistical checks to… (科学杂志在…基础上增加了另外一轮统计数据检查)。

对比答案，只有B选项journals are strengthening their statistical checks.提到了加强统计数据检查。

但是答案中说的journals,（许多期刊杂志），文中第一句是The journalScience,可能一些同学会心存疑惑，文中第二句就提到了The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,（这个做法是效仿其他杂志的做法），说明很多杂志都这样做了。

第32题，The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to _____.（文中第二段的flagged up是什么意思）。

要推断be flagged up的含义需要结合上下文，原文是Manu will beflagged upfor additional scrutiny（附加的详细审阅）by…(某团体), or by…（某些人）,or by…(某群人).句子的意思是手稿要被...或…或…进行附加的详细审阅。

表示“要”怎么样。

Be marked for字面意思为“被标记为”，其实含义就是“以…为特征，要…样”。

2015考研英语一试题答案及解析完整版

2015考研英语一试题答案及解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Readthe following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 。

The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 。

While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As co-author of the study James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says, "Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin."The team also developed a "friendship score" which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes。

2015年考研英语一真题及答案

2015年考研英语一真题及答案【题目1】阅读理解部分Passage 1 (2015年考研英语一真题)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The balance of power between Western and Eastern nations has undergone significant changes since the end of the colonization era, reshaping the global political landscape. The traditional Western powers, Europe and the United States, have faced challenges from emerging Eastern countries such as China and India. This shift has had a profound impact on global institutions and governance.The easternization of the world is not a new phenomenon. Historically, power has shifted between the East and the West, with major shifts occurring in the past, such as China's rise to become the most powerful nation of the time during the Tang Dynasty. Now, a similar transition is happening again. China and India are rising once more, not through colonization or military conquest, but through rapid economic development and innovation.In the late 18th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Europe, driving economic growth and technological advancement that allowed Western nations to dominate the world stage. At the same time, colonization enabled European powers to exploit resources and establish political control over vast territories, extending their influence to other regions.However, after World War II, the balance of power started to shift. The process of decolonization gained momentum and many colonies in Asia and Africa attained independence. This marked the beginning of a new era, in which former colonies became major players in international politics. The rise of China and India, in particular, has had a profound impact on the global balance of power.China's rapid economic growth and industrialization, combined with its large population and military power, have positioned it as a global superpower and a major challenger to Western dominance. Similarly, India's economic development and growing influence have contributed to shaping the new world order.The rise of Eastern nations has also impacted global governance. International organizations like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have undergone reforms to give emerging economies more voice and representation. The establishment of alternative institutions like the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) by China further signifies the changing dynamics of global governance.China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a massive infrastructure project spanning across Asia, Africa, and Europe, is another example of its increasing global influence. This initiative aims to enhance connectivity and promote economic cooperation between countries involved, while also extending China's geopolitical influence.In conclusion, the balance of power between Western and Eastern nations has shifted, with emerging Eastern countries like China and India challenging the traditional Western powers. This shift has influenced globalinstitutions and governance, marking a transition in the global political landscape. The rise of China and India, along with their growing influence and economic development, has reshaped the dynamics of the world order.【答案1】1. D) Economic development and innovation.2. A) The Industrial Revolution.3. C) Decolonization.4. B) China and India.Passage 2 (2015年考研英语一真题)Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.In recent years, the concept of "ecosystem services" has been gaining more attention as a means to highlight the value of nature in supporting human well-being. Ecosystem services refer to the benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems, including provisioning services (e.g. food, water), regulating services (e.g. climate regulation, flood control), cultural services (e.g. recreation, spiritual values), and supporting services (e.g. nutrient cycling, soil formation).Recognizing the importance of ecosystem services is crucial for sustainable development. However, in many cases, the true value of these services is not fully appreciated or reflected in decision-making processes. Consequently, ecosystems are often undervalued and continue to be degraded, leading to negative impacts on human societies.One key challenge in valuing ecosystem services is that many of them are not traded in markets and lack a specific price, making it difficult to quantify their economic worth. For instance, while timber from a forest can be assigned a monetary value as it is traded in the market, the value of the forest as a whole in terms of regulating climate or providing recreational opportunities is not easily determined.Moreover, ecosystem services are often considered as "public goods" - goods that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous in nature. This means that once they are provided, they cannot be easily withheld from others, and one individual's use of the services does not diminish their availability to others. This characteristic creates a free-rider problem, where individuals can benefit from ecosystem services without contributing to their maintenance or conservation.Efforts have been made to address these challenges and incorporate the value of nature in decision-making processes. One approach is to develop methods for valuing ecosystem services. This involves estimating their economic worth using techniques such as market pricing, cost-benefit analysis, and stated preference methods.Another approach is to integrate the concept of ecosystem services into policy development and planning. By recognizing the benefits provided by nature, policymakers can make more informed decisions that take into account the long-term impacts on ecosystems and human well-being.【答案2】6. C) The undervaluation and degradation of ecosystems.7. D) They lack a specific price.8. B) They are non-excludable and non-rivalrous in nature.9. C) Develop methods for valuing ecosystem services.10. A) Incorporate the value of nature into decision-making processes.。

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