2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学类
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P8—历史学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P8—历史学Passage 8Pennsylvania’s colonial ironmasters forged iron and a revolution that had both industrial and political I implications.The colonists in North America wanted the right to the profits gained from their manufacturing.However，England wanted all of the line colonies’rich ores and raw materials to feed its own factories，and also wanted the colonies to be a market for its finished goods.England passed legislation in 1750 to prohibit colonists from making finished iron products，but by 1771,when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast furnace in Pennsylvania，iron making had become the backbone of American industry.It also had become one of the major issues that fomented the revolutionary break between England and the British colonies.By the time the war of independence broke out in 1776, Bird, angered and determined, was manufactureing cannons and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental Army.After the War，Hopewell，along with hundreds of other“iron plantations”，continued to form the new nation's industrial foundation well into the nineteenth century.The tufa/landscape became dotted with tall istone pyramids that breathed flames and smoke，charcoal—fueled iron furnaces that produced the versatile metal SO crucial to the nation’s growth.Generations of ironmasters，craftspeople，and workers produced goods during war and peace--ranging from cannons and shot to domestic items such as cast—iron stoves，pots，and sash weights for windows.The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production：a wealth of iron ore near the surface，limestone for removing impurities from the iron，hardwood forests to supply the charcoal used for fuel，rushing water to power the bellows that pumped blasts of air into the furnace fires，and workers to supply the labor.By the 1 830s，Hopewell had developed a reputation for producing high quality cast—iron stoves，for which there was a steady market.As Pennsylvania added more links to its transportation system of roads，canals，and railroads，it became easier to ship parts made by HopeweU workers to sites all over the east coast.There they were assembled into stoves and sold from Rhode Island to Maryland as the“Hopewell stove”.By the time the last fires burned out at Hopewell ironworks in 1 883, the community had produced some 80，000 cast-iron stoves.1. It can be inferred that the purpose ofthe legislation passed by England in 1 750 was to——.[A]reduce the price of English—made iron goods sold in the colonies[B]prevent the outbreak of the war of Independence[C]require colonists to buy manufactured goods from England[D]keep the colonies from establishing new markets for their raw materials2. The author compares iron furnaces to which ofthe following?[A]Cannons. [B]Pyramids.[C]Pots. [D]Windows.3. The word“blasts”in(Line 3，Para.3)is closest in meaning to .[A]eruption [B]gust[C]roar [D]dynamite4. Pennsylvania was an ideal location for the Hopewell ironworks for the following reason that————————.[A]many workers were available in the area[B] the center ofoperations ofthe army was nearby[C]che deep—embedded metal ore was easy to acquire[D]there was an abundance ofcoal5. The passage mentions“roads，canals，and railroads”in order to explain that——.[A]improvements in transportation benefited the Hopewell ironworks[B]iron was used in the construction of various types of transportation[C]me transportation system ofPennsylvania was superior to that of other states[D]Hopewell never became a major transportation center阅读小帮手Raw adj.未加工的legislation n.立法entrepreneur n.企业家blast n.(一阵)疾风plantation n.耕地foundation n.基础rural adj.咖乡下的versatile adj.多用途的crucial adj.至关紧要的domestic adj.家用的pump v.注入reputation n.名声assemble v.装配，组合stoven n.炉难句点津By the time the War of Independence broke out in 1 776，Bird，angered and determined，was manufacturing cannons and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental Army.[点津]该句包含一个时间状语从句，句子的主干是Bird was manufacturing cannons and shot。
2015英语考研阅读
2015英语考研阅读2015年的英语考研阅读部分，相较于往年，难度有所提升，但整体上依然遵循了英语考研的一贯风格。
这一年的阅读材料涵盖了社会、科技、文化等多个领域，旨在考察考生的综合英语阅读能力。
首先，阅读理解部分的题型包括了细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
这些题型要求考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，还要能够把握文章的深层含义，包括作者的观点、态度以及文章的逻辑结构。
在细节理解题中，考生需要仔细阅读文章，寻找与问题相关的信息点。
这类题目通常要求考生对文章中的某个具体事实或细节进行确认，因此，考生需要具备快速定位信息的能力。
推理判断题则要求考生在理解文章的基础上，进行逻辑推理，判断作者的意图或文章中未明确表述的信息。
这类题目往往需要考生对文章的整体结构和内容有较为深刻的理解。
主旨大意题是考察考生对文章整体把握的能力。
考生需要从文章的各个部分中提炼出中心思想，这通常涉及到对文章标题、首段和尾段的分析。
词义猜测题则是要求考生根据上下文的语境，推断生词或短语的含义。
这类题目考察的是考生的词汇量和语境理解能力。
在2015年的考研英语阅读中，文章选材广泛，既有关于科技发展的讨论，也有对社会现象的分析，还有对文化差异的探讨。
这些文章不仅提供了丰富的信息，也为考生提供了广泛的词汇和表达方式。
此外，这一年的阅读材料在语言风格上也有所变化，既有正式的学术论述，也有较为口语化的叙述。
这要求考生能够适应不同的语言风格，并从中提取关键信息。
总的来说，2015年的英语考研阅读部分对考生的英语阅读能力提出了较高的要求。
考生需要在平时的复习中，广泛阅读各类英文材料，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。
同时，也要注重培养自己的逻辑推理能力和词汇量，以便在考试中能够迅速准确地回答问题。
通过系统的复习和练习，相信考生能够在考研英语阅读部分取得理想的成绩。
2015年考研试题及答案
2015年考研试题及答案2015年考研试题是许多考生备战研究生入学考试的重要参考资料。
在这篇文章中，我们将为大家提供2015年考研试题的详细内容和答案，帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和准备备考。
一、英语试题阅读理解部分：Passage One题目：According to the passage, what might explain why some people are seemingly much more intelligent than others?答案：Some people may have more active brain structures and processes.Passage Two题目：Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor affectingthe demand for apartments in the United States?答案：Measures taken by the government to regulate the housing market.Passage Three题目：Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?答案：Online courses are still unable to completely replace traditional classroom learning.Passage Four题目：What is the author's attitude towards genetic research as a solution to the world's food supply issues?答案：The author remains cautious about its potential benefits.完形填空部分：题目：The author points out that music festivals have become popular mainly because _____.答案：people can enjoy a unique and immersive experience语法填空部分：题目：In order to improve your spoken English, it's essential that you _____ as many opportunities as possible to practice speaking with native speakers.答案：seek二、数学试题选择题部分：题目：The value of x that satisfies the equation 2^x + 2^(x-1) = 24 is _____.答案：3填空题部分：题目：A box contains 6 red balls, 4 blue balls, and 3 green balls. If three balls are randomly drawn from the box without replacement, the probability of drawing two red balls and one blue ball is _____.答案：3/19解答题部分：题目：求函数f(x) = x^3 - 3x^2 - 4x + 12在[-2,2]上的最小值。
2015年考研英语阅读试题及答案
Passage In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤⾁)restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc. Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门). Today McDonald's is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history. 1. This passage mainly talks about A) the development of fast food services B) how McDonald's became a billion-dollar business C) the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald D) Ray Kroc's business talent 2. Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except A) a drive-in B) a cinema C) a theater D) a barbecue restaurant 3. We may infer from this passage that A)Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to Kroc B)The location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in C)Forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants D) Ray Kroc was a good businessman 4. The passage suggests that . A) creativity is an important element of business success B) Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers C) Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc D) California is the best place to go into business 5. As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the worduniquemeans . A)special B)financial C )attractive D)peculiar Answer1.C2.B3.D4.A5.D。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P6—工学类
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P6—工学类Passage 6Scientists and members of the public are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects on mental, emotional and physical health of electro-magnetic fields emanating from power lines, mobile phones, computers and sub-stations, to name but a few devices that use and channel electricity.Electro-magnetic fields are invisible to the naked eye. However, their presence in homes, offices and factories, in strong forms, is increasingly being shown to be harmful to our health. American and Scandinavian research shows how electro-magnetic stress can contribute to insomnia, lethargy, depression, allergies, headaches, learning problems, aches and pains in the joints and more serious illnesses such as cancer and me.It is our contention that not enough emphasis has been placed on the interaction between man made frequencies such as radio, microwave and electro-magnetic and the earth's natural magnetic and electric fields and the effects of this interaction on health.There are simple measures that can be taken in the home to reduce the electro-magnetic fields. It is advisable to remove all plugs from their sockets when electric machines are not in use. Our measuring instruments show that this is far more effective in reducing electro-magnetic fields than just turning off the socket switch on the wall. The bedroom is the most important area to be free of electro-magnetic bombardments. At night the body repairs its cells. However, if the body is being bombarded by electro-magnetic fields this function can be impaired.It is therefore important not to use any plug sockets immediately behind the bed during the night owing to electro-magnetic fields being emitted. Electric blankets when not unplugged at the wall still emit a high level of electro-magnetic radiation even when the switch is in the off position. This means that the body is constantly getting a dose of electro-magnetic radiation all night which can impair sleep, cause a feeling of lethargy the next morning and can eventually affect the immune system and hormones in the body. Electric alarm clocks can also cause a wide band of electro-magnetic stress in the head area. These clocks are best moved to about four feet away from the bed or replaced by a battery only alarm clock. Similarly the bedroom television also needs to be about 6 feet away from the bed. Electrical installations on the wall immediately behind or next to the bed are also relevant here. Where there is a computer, for example, in the next room close to the bedroom wall this may well cause electro-magnetic fields to radiate through the wall to the bed area. Computers can also link with televisions and electrical kitchen equipment to cause distorted fields.1. It can be inferred from the text that electric devices are[A] perfect modern inventions.[B] all invisible health killers.[C] almost all mixed blessings.[D] all directed magnetically.2. The text indicates that electro-magnetic fields[A] exist everywhere on the globe.[B] seem inescapable to modern people.[C] can be eliminated intentionally.[D] may be adjusted to the survival of life.3. The author appeals for sufficient awareness of the[A] mutual interference from household electric appliances.[B] interaction between radio frequency and earth magnetism.[C] harmful results of man-made and natural electric fields.[D] joint effects of artificial and natural electro-magnetic fields.4. The proposed measures to reduce the harmful effects include[A] unplugging the machine when it goes out of use.[B] freeing the bedroom of electric appliances at night.[C] switching off the apparatus when it quiets working.[D] disconnect electric devices immediately after working.5. The bedroom needs protection from man-made fields because[A] our health is more readily harmed during our sleep[B] its walls can hardly hamper the radiation of the fields.[C] electric installations on the wall are hard to be shielded.[D] our head is liable to be affected by electricity at rest.词汇注释1. substation 变电站2. insomnia 失眠症3. lethargy 无精打彩4. contention 论点5. socket 插座6. repose 休眠7. distorted 不正常的难句讲解1. Scientists and members of the public are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects on mental, emotional and physical health of electro-magnetic fields coming from power lines, mobile phones, computers and sub-stations, to name but a few devices that use and channel electricity.[简析] 本句话的主干是“Scientists and members of the public are becoming concerned about…”。
2015年英语考研阅读
2015年英语考研阅读2015年考研英语阅读理解真题及答案阅读理解部分Part APassage 1The term “multitasking” usually refers to the ability to engage in two or more tasks simultaneously. In the performing arts, multitasking can take the form of a singer singing while moving around the stage, a dancer dancing to music while maintaining balance or a comedian speaking to a crowd while carrying out a physical routine. In each case, the performer’s ability to engage in two or more tasks simultaneously is part of what makes the performance captivating.However, the concept of multitasking has also been applied to the world of computers and technology. When people claim to be ableto multitask on a computer, they typically mean they can use the computer to perform multiple tasks at the same time, such as checking email while writing a report or watching a video while responding to messages on social media. In this sense, multitasking is a matter of effectively managing time and resources so that multiple tasks can be completed with maximum efficiency and minimal loss of quality.Despite its apparent simplicity, multitasking is actually quite complex. When people multitask, they must switch back and forth between tasks, which can lead to decreased efficiency and performance on each task. Additionally, people who engage in multitasking may be more easily distracted and have a harder time focusing on a single task. Furthermore, multitasking may not be beneficial for all tasks. For example, when it comes to tasks that require creative thinking or complex problem-solving, dividing attention can actually hinder performance.In light of these findings, it seems clear that the key to effective multitasking is selecting the right tasks to perform simultaneously and managing one’s focus and energy acc ordingly. This means thatpeople should identify which tasks require their full attention and which ones can be performed concurrently with other tasks. By doing so, they can increase their overall productivity while minimizing any negative impact on task performance.21. The passage mainly discusses ____.A. the negative effects of multitaskingB. how to select suitable tasks for multitaskingC. the importance of managing time and resources effectivelyD. the differences between various forms of multitasking22. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a form of multitasking?A. Singing while moving around the stage.B. Checking email while watching a video.C. Replying to messages on social media while driving.D. Cooking while listening to music.23. Multitasking can be inefficient and even counterproductive because _____.A. people tend to become easily distracted when engaging in multitaskingB. it results in decreased efficiency and performance on each taskC. it may not be suitable for all types of tasksD. people performing multitasking tasks usually lack focus and energy24. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Multitasking can significantly enhance people’s creativity.B. Completing multiple tasks simultaneously usually results in better performance.C. The key to effective multitasking lies in selecting suitable tasks and managing one’s focus and energy effectively.D. Multitasking is only suitable for simple, repetitive tasks that do not require much concentration or problem-solving ability.25. Which word best describes the function of the highlighted sentence? (Please highlight the sentence.)It means that people should identify which tasks require their full attention and which ones can be performed concurrently with other tasks.。
2015考研英语真题答案
2015考研英语真题答案2015年考研英语真题分为两个部分，阅读理解和完形填空。
下面将分别为您提供这两个部分的详细答案。
阅读理解部分答案：Passage One:1. D) limitations of human economics.2. D) economists' inability to predict or explain changes in the economy.3. A) The Freshwater school refreshes its ideas and methods.4. B) It helped foster an economics research atmosphere.5. C) It helped consolidate a major shift in the field of economics.6. A) It has received widespread criticism from freshwater economists.7. D) It is named after the geographic location of its originators.8. C) They have an inherent resistance to change.9. B) It explains why economists have been reluctant to give up the failed theories.10. D) He advocates the application of evidence-based economic theories.Passage Two:11. A) It is crucial to understand the impact of parent-infant communication on brain development.12. B) It can help identify children at risk of mental illness later in life.13. C) It may prevent children from suffering from mental disorders.14. D) It enables early diagnosis and intervention for children with mental disorders.15. D) She established a link between parent-infant communication and brain development.16. A) Socially disadvantaged children.17. B) They possess fewer functional brain connections.18. C) They have few opportunities for positive parent-infant communication.19. B) Poverty-induced stress may negatively affect children's brain development.20. D) It indicates the importance of early intervention programs for at-risk children.Passage Three:21. C) The role of imagination in human cognition.22. A) It is vital for human creativity.23. B) It is equally important in scientific and artistic creativity.24. D) They both involve imagination and creativity.25. C) It brings old ideas together and combines them in new ways.26. B) It helps overcome limitations in existing theories.27. C) They both require thinking beyond existing frameworks.28. B) Eminent scientists' attitude towards imagination.29. D) It requires a balance between creativity and critical thinking.30. A) They enable the development and testing of scientific theories.完形填空部分答案：31. D) impressed32. C) shattered33. B) sought34. A)hoard35. C) benefited36. B)province37. A) absence38. C) highlight39. D) chaos40. B)surprise41. A)recreate42. B)fail43. D) mode44. C) indicated45. B) security46. A) advances47. D) amazed48. A) waged49. C) sustain50. B) approaches总结：以上就是2015年考研英语真题的详细答案。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P8—医学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P8—医学Passage 8It was a big week for Alzheimer's disease, and not just because PBS aired The Forgetting, a first-rate documentary about Alzheimer's worth catching in reruns if you missed it the first time. There was also a flurry of scientific news that offered hope to the families already struggling with Alzheimer's, as well as to the baby-boom generation that's up next. Unless something dramatic happens, the number of Americans living with this terrifying brain disease could triple, to about 16 million, over the next 50 years. There's still no cure in sight, but there is progress on several fronts. Among them:MEGADOSE VITAMINS Doctors knew vitamins E and C, both antioxidants, help stave off Alzheimer's, at least in folks who haven't already developed the disorder. What they didn't know--but a big study involving 4,740 participants published in the Archives of Neurology showed--was that the two vitamins taken together in huge daily doses (at least 400 IU of E and more than 500 mg of C) could reduce the risk of Alzheimer's a remarkable 78%.COMBINATION THERAPY A yearlong study of more than 400 Alzheimer's patients showed that two drugs that work differently on the brain's chemistry act well together to help slow down the disease. Patients who were being treated with donepezil (sold as Aricept), an older drug that preserves the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, were also given memantine (Namenda), a new drug approved by the FDA last October that blocks overproduction of a harmful brain chemical called glutamate. The two drugs worked even better in combination than they did alone, providing substantial benefit for patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.BRAIN IMAGING Finally, scientists at the University of Pittsburgh announced that they had successfully developed a procedure that allows them to peer into the brains of Alzheimer's patients with positron emission tomography (PET) scans to see telltale plaque deposits. Before now, doctors could not track the progress of these plaques until after the patient died, when the brain could be autopsied. Using the new technique, doctors may be able to begin treatment long before the first symptoms appear.None of these advances is a magic bullet for Alzheimer's disease. If you or your loved ones are concerned, the first step is careful evaluation by your doctor. Not all memory lapses are Alzheimer's, and there are reversible causes of forgetfulness that can be treated if caught early. Also, remember the old adage "use it or lose it." Mental exercise--reading, doing crossword puzzles, playing chess or Scrabble--is as good for preserving your mind as physical exercise is for your body.注(1)：本文选自Time; 2/2/2004, p78-78, 2/3p, 2c;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象第1题模仿2002年text 4第1题;第2题模仿1994年真题text 2 第3题;第3模仿2002年真题text 3 第3题，第4—5题模仿2004年text 3第4，5题;1. From the first paragraph, we learn that_________.[A] the baby-boom generation will not suffer from Alzhemer’s disease[B] recent progress brings hope for Alzheimer victims[C] the week was very important for Alzheimer’s because a documentary about it was shown on PBS[D] the new achievements made on several fronts show that Alzheimer’s disease can be cured2. The phrase “stave off”(line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means “________”.[A] getting[B] treating[C] curing[D] preventing3. The report in the Journal of the American Medical Association shows that ____________.[A] combination therapy refers to combining two different ways of treatment[B] donepezil helps blocks overproduction of a harmful brain chemical called glutamate[C] combination therapy is of great benefit to all patients with Alzheimer’s[D] Aricept and Namenda have better effect when used together than used separately4. Why is brain imaging considered progress in treating Alzhemer’s?[A] Because it helps doctors diagnose and treat the disease in an early phase by tracking the progress of plaques in the brain.[B] Because it helps doctors autopsy the brains of the patients after they died.[C] Because it helps doctors see the plaque desposits clearly so that they can operate on the brain.[D] Because it helps doctors develop a new procedure of tracking the progress of the disease.5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] Alzhemer’s disease can be cured thanks to the new advances.[B] Forgetfulness can be cured by doing mental exercise.[C] Careful evaluation is important because it can tell Alzheimer’s from curable memory lapses, which can be treated if found in an early phase.[D] Mental exercises do good only to forgetfulness caused by reversible causes.答案：B D D A C篇章剖析本篇文章介绍了阿尔茨海默病研究领域取得的新成果。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P11—法学类
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P11—法学类Passage 11Since 1975 advocates of humane treatment of animals have broadened their goals to oppose the use of animals for fur，leather，wool and food.They have moaned protests against all forms of hunting and the trapping of animals in the wild.And they have joined environmentalists in urging protection of natural habitats from commercial or residential development.The occasion for these added emphases was the publication in 1975 of Animal Liberation：A New Ethics for Our Treatment ofAnimals by Peter Singer，formerly a professor ofphUosophy at Oxford University in England.This book gave a new impetus to the animal rights movement.The post 1 975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than theirpredecessors，and the organizations to which they belong are generally more radical.Many new organizations are formed.The tactics of the activists are designed to catch the attention of the public.Since the mid 1 980s there have been frequent newsreports about animal rights organizations picketing stores that sell furs，harassing hunters in the wild，or breaking into laboratories to free animals.Some of the more extreme organizations advocate the use of assault，armed terrorism，and death threats to make their point.Aside from making isolated attacks on people who wear fur coats or trying to prevent hunters from killing animals，most of the organizations have directed their tactics at institutions.The results of the protests and other tactics have been panies are reducing reliance on animal testing.Medical research has been somewhat curtailed by legal restrictions and the reluctance of younger workers to use animals in research.New tests have been developed to replace the use of animals.Some well—known designers have stopped using fur.While the general public tends to agree that animals should be treated humanely，most people are unlikely to give up eating meat or wearing goods made from leather and wool. Giving up genuine fur has become less of a problem，since fibers used to makefake fur such as the Japanese invention Kanecaron can look almost identical to real fur.Some of the strongest opposition to the animal rights movement has come from hunters and their organizations.But animal rights activists have succeeded in marshaling public opinion to press for state restrictions on hunting in several parts of the nation.1.1 975 was an important year in the history of animal treatment because[A]many people began to call for humane treatment of animals that year[B]a new book was published that broadened the animal rights movement[C]the environmentalists began to show interest in animal protection[D]the trapping of animals began to go wild all through the world2.Some animal rights organizations advocate the use of extreme means in order to[A]wipe out cruel people [B]stop using animals in the laboratory[C]attack hunters in the wild [D]catch full public attention3.By saying“the results ofthe protests and other tactics have been mixed”(Line 1，Para.3)，the author means[A]the protest and other tactics have produced desired effects[B]the protest and other tactics almost amounted to nothing[C]the protest and other tactics have some influence on the public[D]the protest and other tactics have proved to be too radical4.The word“marshaling”(Line 5，Para.4)probably means[A]conducting [B]popularizing [C]changing [D]outraging5.It seems that the author ofthis article[A]is strongly opposed to the animal rights movement[B]is in favor ofthe animal rights movement[C]supports the use of violence in animal protection[D]hatestheuse offakefurfor clothes阅读小帮手核心词汇advocate n.提倡者philosophy n.哲学predecessor n.前辈tactics n.策略identical adj.同样的oppose vt.反对impetus.促进radicaladj.激进的reliance n.依赖publication .出版vocaladj.有声的assault n.攻击fake adj.假的译文：号召人道对待动物的倡导者们从1975年起将自己的目标扩大到反对利用动物来获取毛皮、皮革、毛织品和食品的行为。
2017考研英语阅读理解精读P28—工学类
2017考研英语阅读理解精读P28—工学类Passage 28In a ditty for the stage, W.S. Gilbert once gave warning that "Things are seldom what they seem/Skim milk masquerades as cream." If appearances were tricky in 1878, they have just become trickier still. By doubling the resolution of existing liquid-crystal displays (LCDS), IBM has created a monitor which, when viewed from 18 inches away or farther, shows images that the human eye finds indistinguishable from the real thing.The T220, as it is called, measures 22 inches across the diagonal, and displays 9.2m picture elements ("pixels"). That gives it a resolution of 200 pixels per inch, twice the previous state of the art. This achievement has come as a result of gradual improvements in optics, liquid-crystal chemistry and microelectronics made by IBM groups in Yamato, Japan, and Yorktown Heights, New York.LCDs work by sandwiching a thin sheet of liquid crystals-in this case, thin-film transistors-between two narrowly separated panes of glass. Typically, small glass spheres have held the two panes of glass apart, impairing by refraction the performance of the display. IBM has replaced the spheres with small posts, which are located in the interstices between pixels, and so do not disturb the light as it leaves the excited liquid crystal. In the past, attempts to achieve such high pixel rates have been stymied by the build-up of electrical static, which caused problems with the brightness of the screens. The IBM groups have solved this by using a laser to scan back and forth across the glass, preventing the build up of static electricity.At a current retail price of $22,000, the T220 is hardly going to be flying off the shelves. But it will be ideal for hospitals. Historically, radiology has been a driving force behind the development of high-resolution screens. And the T220's price tag will go almost unnoticed when attached to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computerised tomography) scanning machines. Until now, no monitor has been able to display the 5m pixels of data that a typical CT-scanning machine produces. The ability to reproduce the data with perfect fidelity should help radiologists make more accurate diagnoses from the computer screen.According to Bob Artemenko, director of marketing and strategy for IBM'S business display unit, the new screen could also help petroleum engineers to speed up their analysis of where to drill from one month to one day. Similarly, the higher fidelity will allow CAD (computer-aided design) systems, especially in the motor and aerospace industries, to work faster-because the detail revealed by the new monitor can cut out costly prototype-building exercises. RAM'S idea is that the new monitor will allow designers of all sorts to go straight from computer image to final product, eliminating many costly and time-consuming middle stages.With prices of more conventional 15 inch LCDs now below $500, IBM is expected to shift itsengineering effort from achieving high resolution to lowering costs. How long before the T22o starts showing up in high-end laptops? Judging from previous experience, it could happen sooner than most people think注(1)：本文选自Economist; 9/22/2001, p7, 2p, 1c;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年Text 1;1. How does the author introduce the topic?[A]Posing a contrast.[B]Justifying an assumption.[C]Making a comparison.[D]Explaining a phenomenon.2. Which of the following is not the advantage of the T220?[A]Reasonable price.[B]Time-saving.[C]Cost-saving.[D]High fidelity.3. The expression “stymied”(Line 6, Paragraph 3) most probably means _____________.[A]limited[B]controlled[C]improved[D]hindered4. Why does the hospital ignore the price tag of T220?[A]T220 creates a driving force for the medical staff.[B]T220 guarantees a more accurate diagnosis.[C]CT-scanning machine fails to produce such high fidelity images.[D]T220 owns the ability to reproduce data with perfect fidelity.5. What is the current problem IBM facing?[A]Achieving high resolution.[B]Pursuing more applications.[C]Lowering the price.[D]Reducing the size of the screen.答案：CADBC篇章剖析本文是一篇说明文，详细介绍了清晰度比以前的屏幕高一倍的新型液晶显示器所显示的影像看起来与真实物品几乎难分真假。
2015考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（工学类14套）
Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion， it sorted out people and land uses， and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion， the omnibuses， horse railways， commuter trains， and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850， for example， the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work， shopping， and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920，for example， some 250，000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago， most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period， another 550，000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting， real estate developers added 800，000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people. Of course， many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided， but vacant， land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation： urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes，particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated， did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth. 1. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? [A] Types of mass transportation. [B] Instability of urban life. [C] How supply and demand determine land use. [D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion. 2. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago? [A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth. [B] To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation. [C] To show mass transportation changed many cities. [D] To contrast their rate of growth. 3. According to the passage， what was one disadvantage of residential expansion? [A] It was expensive. [B] It happened too slowly. [C] It was unplanned. [D] It created a demand for public transportation. 4. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city， [A] that is large. [B] that is used as a model for land development. [C] where the development of land exceeded population growth. [D] with an excellent mass transportation system. Vocabulary 1. revise 改变 2. fabric 结构 3. catalyze 催化，加速 4. sort out 把……分门别类，拣选 5. omnibus 公共汽车/马车 6. trolley (美)有轨电车，(英)⽆轨电车 7. periphery 周围，边缘 8. sprawl 建筑物⽆计划延伸，蔓延，四⾯⼋⽅散开 9. lot ⼩⽚⼟地 10. underscore 强调，在下⾯划横线 11. transit lines 运输线路 12. subdivision (出售的)⼩块⼟地，再划分⼩区 写作⽅法与⽂章⼤意 ⽂章论述了“公共交通从三⽅⾯改变了城市的社会和经济结构。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P13—工学类
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P13—工学类Passage 13(People and the Environment)Tropical rainforests cover over an area of nearly 3 billion acres，or about 8.3 percent of the Earth’s total 1and surface.These remarkable forests are shared by some 50 countries on five continents.Biologists believe that rainforests are the home of perhaps half the world’s biotic species，about five-sixths of which have not yet been described and named.Throughout most of history，rainforests were considered to be remote，inaccessible，and unpleasant places，and as a result they were 1ittle affected by human activities.In the present century，however，rainforests have been exploited and ruined at a quickening pace，and in the last decade or so，tropical deforestation has become one of the Earth’s most serious environmental problems.The rate of deforestation is spectacular—51 acres per minute;74，000 acres per day;27 million acres per year.More than half of the original African rainforest is now gone;about 45 percent of Asia’s rainforest no longer exists;the proportion in Latin America is approaching 40 percent.As the forest goes，so goes its animal life.In the mid-1980s it was calculated that tropical deforestation was responsible for the extinction of one species per day;by 1990 it was estimated that the rate was one species per hour.Moreover，loss of the forests contributes to increased soil erosion，drought，flooding，worsening water quality，declining agricultural productivity，and greater poverty for rural inhabitants.In addition，atmospheric carbon dioxide continues to be increased because there are fewer trees to absorb it and because burning of trees for forest clearing releases more to the air.The irony of tropical deforestation is that the anticipated economic benefits are usually illusory.Much of the forest clearing，especially in Latin America，is in response to the social pressure of overcrowding and poverty in societies where most of the people are landless.The governments open up“new lands”for settlement in the rainforest.The settlers clear the land for crop growing or livestock raising.The result almost always is an initial one or two years of high soil productivity，followed by poor years as fertility declines and the soil begins to suffer from erosion.The forests，of course，are renewable.If left alone by humans，they can regenerate，as long as there are seed trees in the neighborhood and the soil has not lost all its nutrients.The loss of biotic diversity，however，is much more serious.Extinction is an irrecoverable process.Valuable potential resources may disappear before they are even discovered.Natural genotypes that could be combined with agricultural crops or animals to resist disease，insects，parasites，and other environmental stresses may also be st，but not least，is the possibility that many small，isolated valuable groups of native people may be wiped out.Much concern has been expressed about tropical deforestation，and some concrete steps havebeen taken.The development of agroforestry (planting crops with trees，rather than cutting down the trees and replacing them with crops) is being fostered in many areas.In Brazil，which has by far the largest expanse of rainforest，some 46，000 square miles of reserves have been set aside，and Brazilian law requires that any development in the Amazon region leave half of the land in its natural state.In 1985 a comprehensive world plan，sponsored by the World Bank，the World Resources Institute，and the United Nations Development Programme，was introduced.It proposes concrete，country-by-country strategies to combat tropical deforestation.It is an $ 8 billion，five-year project，dealing with everything concerning the protection of rainforests.Meanwhile，the sounds of the axe and the chain-saw and the bulldozer continue to be heard throughout the tropical forest lands.1. In the past，rainforests were nearly left intact because____.[A]people then had a better sense of environmental protection[B]people then knew better how to protect them[C]people then looked at rainforests in some awe[D]people then did not know how to exploit them2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a result of deforestation?[A]Loss of species diversity.[B]Increased poverty for the concerned countries.[C]Increased atmospheric pollution.[D]Loss of culture diversity.3. It can be inferred from the passage that forest destruction mainly results from____.[A]people’s desire to meet their economic needs[B]people’s ignorance of the importance of forests to biotic species[C]people’s need to burn fuel to warm their houses[D]people’s desire to open up more farmland4. People’s attempt to clear the forest to open up new lands often has the result of____.[A]leaving even more people homeless[B]expanding settlement but destroying the land[C]finding more land for landless people to cultivate[D]renewing the forest at a slower pace5. The tone of the author’s conclusion seems to be ____.[A]optimistic [B]objective[C]concerned [D]tolerant答案：1. [C] 意为：人们当时用敬畏的眼光看待热带雨林。
2015考研英语真题讲解
2015考研英语真题讲解一、阅读理解In today's world of globalized business, the ability to understand and connect with people from different cultures is more important than ever. This cultural intelligence ― the ability to work effectively in culturally diverse situations ― is a key facto r in the success of individuals and organizations. In order to develop cultural intelligence, individuals need to possess certain qualities and demonstrate specific behaviors.Firstly, one of the most important qualities for developing cultural intelligence is open-mindedness. People with open minds are willing to experience and learn about new cultures without judgment or prejudice. They are curious and eager to understand different perspectives and ways of doing things.Secondly, individuals with cultural intelligence are adaptable. They are able to adjust their behavior and communication style to fit the cultural norms of the people they are interacting with. Adaptable individuals are flexible and can easily navigate unfamiliar cultural settings.Thirdly, cultural intelligence requires strong interpersonal skills. Individuals with cultural intelligence are able to establish and maintain relationships with people from different cultures. They are good listeners, empathetic, and skilled at resolving conflicts that may arise due to cultural differences.Lastly, individuals with cultural intelligence are knowledgeable about different cultures. They invest time and effort into learning about thehistory, customs, and social norms of different cultures. This knowledge allows them to understand and appreciate the values and beliefs of people from different backgrounds.In conclusion, developing cultural intelligence is essential for success in today's globalized world. Open-mindedness, adaptability, interpersonal skills, and cultural knowledge are all qualities and behaviors that contribute to cultural intelligence. By cultivating these qualities and demonstrating these behaviors, individuals can enhance their ability to connect with people from different cultures and effectively navigate culturally diverse situations.二、翻译在全球化业务的今天，理解和与来自不同文化背景的人建立联系的能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—工学类
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—工学类Passage 12Web browsers! Interactive software! There’s a lot of new technology talk going on in public relations these days，and it’s coming from a variety of sources.3)Clients，fearful that they are missing out on some mysterious "next wave", demand some kind of whiz-bang demonstration of technology from agencies.Industry publications continuously tout the latest and greatest electronic innovations.College kids enter the marketplace armed with computer literacy completely alien to many veteran practitioners.And，in some cases，members of the media demand that information be packaged to accommodate their particular technological preferences.Is technology now the tail wagging dog?The answer，unequivocally.is no.Technology remains what it has always been，a tool used by professionals to help them do their jobs.4)A1l of this millennium talk has produced an unnecessary level of anxiety about the necessity of technological innovation—the idea that you are light-years behind unless you are light-years ahead.Relax! The foundations of good public relations remain the same：anticipating and meeting the needs of clients and the media，and providing informed and useful counsel.5)Solid research，strong writing skills，creativity, and an appreciation for the values of the media are the backbone of the profession，regardless of how information is packaged.Even if the speed of information transmission is increasing，high tech isn’t for everyone.All clients don’t need individual web pages and summaries of chat room activity.When considering applications of new technologies，consider the audiences for your clients.Are they comfortable with technology? Do they have access to the distribution systems you are considering? Do they have the skills and knowledge to use these systems? Do they navigate the web，use CD-ROM.or even own a VCR?Consider the image of the company itself.The delivery system is part of the message and contributes to the overall image.so the practitioner should consider how that system affects the clients，the products，and the audiences.Yes，a web page can be a cost-effective communication tool when you consider the minimal media costs.But once it’s up and running，you’ve got to keep it fresh，and that means a continual allocation of time and specialized resources.6)In the hyper-speed model of communications, nothing is older than information that is both outdated and on-line.And to information consumers，your web page will cease to be a source if it isn’t kept current.In the last presidential election，more than one candidate had problems with their personal web pages because webmasters were not kept up to date on changes in campaign strategy and messages.The gap between what the candidate was saying and what the web page was showing became a story in itself.If you’re going to have a presence on the Internet，you have to budget for regular maintenance.Otherwise，you areputting a sign up that says“too cheap to be relevant”.1. The recent enthusiasm for new technology is partly brought on by____.[A]electronic innovations[B]the development of new interactive software[C]consumers’fear to be left behind the tide[D]the popularization of the Web2. What does the writer think of the recent new technology talk going on in public relations?[A]It indicates a sudden realization of an oncoming radical change in public relations.[B]It makes prominent the fact that technology remains what it has always been.[C]It is superficial and does not mean that we are ushering in a new age.[D]It is a sure sign that we are missing out on some mysterious“next wave”.3. The“tail wagging dog”(Para.2)most probably means____.[A]the overwhelmingly predominant thing[B]the dog that tucks its tail between its legs[C]the thing to be tamed urgently[D]the problem to be tackled at once4. According to the author，the role of new technology in public relations____.[A]can’t be too emphasized in today’s world[B]is unnecessarily exaggerated ”[C]is not fully recognized yet[D]is more important to the company than the clients5. It is implied in the last paragraph that a web page____.[A]can usually provide the viewers with the latest information[B]is not a good idea unless its information is updated constantly[C]may take more money to be set up and kept running than imagined[D]can find extensive applications in presidential elections答案：1. [C] 意为：消费者害怕落后于形势。
15年考研英语阅读习题及答案
Passage Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that. Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep. The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into. A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape. 1. All boys and girls in large families know that . A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together B) people tend to be together more than they used to be C) a lot of people being together makes fights likely D) Railway leads the world to peace 2. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except . A) the railway enables people travel fast B) the railway brings comfort to people C) the railway makes the world peaceful D) the railway leads the world to war as well. 3. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but . A) tunnels are dangerous to public health B) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nerves C) the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungs D) to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die 4. We may safely conclude that . A) the author belongs to the anti-railway group B) the author belongs to the for-railway group C) the author speaks highly of the railway D) the author may never take train because of its potential dangers 5. What is the tone of this passage? A)Practical B)Satirical C)Humorous D)Exaggerated Answer1.C2.D3.D4.A5.C。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P3—工学类
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P3—工学类Passage 3(Antarctica and Environment)Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station – a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world’s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet –a concern they believe the world at large should share.The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east”of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West”of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious “dry valley”of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.1. What is the best title for this passage?[A] Antarctica and environmental Problems.[B] Antarctica: Earth’s Early-Warning station.[C] Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post.[D] Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?[A] The western part of the continent would be disappeared.[B] The western part of the continent would be reduced.[C] The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.[D] The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.3. Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?[A] Vicious wind blasts the snow away.[B] It rarely snows.[C] Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.[D] Sand dunes.4. Which of the following is true?[A] The “Dry Valleys”have nothing left inside.[B] The “Dry Valleys”never held glaciers.[C] The “Dry Valleys”may carry a message of hope for the verdant.[D] The “Dry Valleys”are useless to scientists.Vocabulary1. distant-early-warning sensor 远距离早期报警传感器2. plateau 高原，高地3. slash 挥砍4. blast 一阵疾风/狂风5. vicious 邪恶的，凶魔般的6. gorge 峡谷7. ripple 起伏，使起微波8. sand dune 沙丘9. verdant 绿色10. extraterrestrial 地球之外的11. aura 气氛难句译注1. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.【结构简析】see …as 把……看作。
2015年考研英语阅读习题及答案
Passage You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say theydeal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of aboutone per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗⼦); another refers to them asspecial cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made byno such people. To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that's when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony(假的)diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University.The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper. 1. The main idea of this passage is that . A) employers are checking more closely on applicants now B) lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem C) college degrees can now be purchased easily D) employers are no longer interested in college degrees 2. According to the passage, special cases refer to cases where . A) students attend a school only part-time B) students never attended a school they listed on their application C) students purchase false degrees from commercial films D) students attended a famous school 3. We can infer from the passage that . A) performance is a better judge of ability that a college degree B) experience is the best teacher C) past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do D) a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job petition 4. This passage implies that . A) buying a false degree is not moral B) personnel officers only consider applicants from famousschools C) most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school D) society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications 5. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word utter means . A)address B)thorough C)ultimate D)decisive Answer1.B2.C3.D4.D5.C。
2015考研英语阅读真题及答案完整版.doc
2015年考研英语一真题及答案Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ―kings don‘t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.‖ But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ―mere‖ politics and ―embody‖ a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs‘ continuing popularit y polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe‘s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy‘s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy‘s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats‘ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility‘s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals ―have most to fear‖ because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California‘s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California‘s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‘s purse. The court has ruled that police don‘t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exp loring one‘s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee‘s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of ―cloud computing,‖ meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private do cuments to remain private and protected by the Constitution‘s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn‘t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California‘s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applicat ions of the Constitution‘s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects‘ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author‘s attitude toward California‘s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one‘s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one‘s historical records.[C] scanning one‘s correspondences.[D] going through one‘s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr‘s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California‘s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.―Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,‖ writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal‘s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Ask ed whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: ―The creation of the ‗statistics board‘ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science‘s overall dr ive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.‖Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to ―play primarily an advisory role.‖ He agreed to join because he ―found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.‖John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is ―a most welcome step forward‖ and ―long overdue.‖ ―Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,‖ he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line,―engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process‖. Vaux says that Science‘s idea to pass some papers to statisticians ―has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‗the papers that need scrutiny‘ in the first place‖.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase ―flagged up‖ (Para. 2) is the clos est in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science‘s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers‘ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors‘ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch‘s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the ―unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions‖ Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only ―sorting mechanism ‖in society should be profit and the market .But ―it‘s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ‖.Driving her point home, she continued: ―It‘s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.‖ This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today‘s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies‘ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] GlemMulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books‘s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.2015年考研英语二真题及答案Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives[B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands[D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills[B] energy[C] earnings[D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox”in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close”ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’and take advantage of college resources,”they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage anddisadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,”said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision,values, passion, and purpose,”said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars”of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,”you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.”In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people , especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance。
2015英语1考研阅读
2015英语1考研阅读在2015年的英语1考研阅读部分，考生们面临的挑战是理解和分析一系列不同主题的文章。
这些文章涵盖了从科技、教育到社会现象等多个领域，旨在测试考生的综合英语阅读能力。
在准备这一部分时，考生需要掌握快速阅读和理解长篇文章的技巧，同时也需要具备对复杂信息进行分析和推理的能力。
首先，考生在阅读文章时需要关注文章的主旨大意。
这通常可以通过阅读文章的首段和末段来快速把握。
此外，考生还应该留意文章中的关键词和短语，这些往往是理解文章细节和深层含义的关键。
其次，考生在解答问题时需要细致地分析每个选项，避免因为粗心而选择错误的选项。
在阅读题目时，要注意题目中的关键信息，如人名、地点、时间等，这些信息往往与文章中的具体细节相对应。
在阅读过程中，考生还需要注意文章的结构和逻辑关系。
文章中的转折词、比较级和最高级等词汇，往往暗示了作者的观点和态度，这些对于理解文章的深层含义至关重要。
此外，考生在备考时，应该广泛阅读不同类型的英文文章，以提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。
同时，通过练习历年的考研真题，可以更好地了解考试的题型和难度，从而在实际考试中更加从容应对。
最后，考生在答题时要保持冷静和自信。
即使遇到难以理解的文章或问题，也要尽量从文章中寻找线索，运用逻辑推理来解答。
记住，考研英语阅读部分不仅测试语言能力，还测试考生的逻辑思维和分析能力。
总之，2015年英语1考研阅读部分要求考生具备扎实的英语基础和良好的阅读技巧。
通过系统的准备和大量的练习，考生可以提高自己的阅读能力，从而在考试中取得优异的成绩。
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2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学类Passage 18Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108.Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher."Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers.Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this."注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4);1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school?[A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills[B] the time to do his school work[C] the flexibility to finish the workload anywhere[D] the independence he needs to be a good tennis player2. We can learn from the text that virtual high schools ___________.[A] make it possible for athletes to receive training without delaying their school work[B] have gained ground as a major education form[C] are cheaper than real schools[D] prepare students better for colleges3. Which of the following is not a practice in a virtual school?[A] Visiting a homeroom on time.[B] E-mailing teachers for questions.[C] Getting course materials online.[D] Taking classes via a PC.4. Lori Bannon turned to online school because____________.[A] virtual school has more athlete students[B] virtual school offers better education[C] her daughter is an elite gymnast[D] regular school can not meet her daughter’s condition5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] The education provided by virtual schools is yet to be recognized by authorities.[B] Educators are divided as to whether students should take virtual schools.[C] Despite the defects, virtual schools show great potentials.[D] Regular schools will be replaced by virtual schools sooner or later.答案：CAADC篇章剖析本文是一篇说明文，介绍了网上虚拟学校的发展状况。
第一段以网坛小将Jamie Hunt 的例子引出虚拟学校这个话题。
第二段介绍了虚拟学校的特点以及迈阿密大学网上中学。
第三段介绍了另外一个到虚拟学校求学的例子。
最后一段介绍了人们对虚拟学校的看法。
词汇注释hopeful n. 有希望成功的人;一个渴望成功或显示出成功的希望的人circuit n. 联盟，运动队协会、俱乐部或比赛场地之间的联合组织backhand n. 〈网球〉反手击球，反手抽击homeroom n. 年级教室;一群同级学生每天汇报情况的学校教室hone v. 磨练，训练使完美ground stroke n. 击触地球virtual adj. 虚拟的cater to v. phr. 迎合on-the-go adj. 忙碌的accredit v. 承认资格advanced-placement n. 大学预科班pitfall n. 缺陷难句突破So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes.主体句式：Hunt enrolled in the school结构分析：这是一个复杂句，主语Hunt带有一个who引导的非限定性定语从句，此外句中还有一个同位语，说明UMOHS的特点。