-英语的时态和语态分析

被动语态

一、含义与构成

1.动词的语态有两种即主动和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者而被动语

态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。

2.构成：被动语态的谓语为be + 过去分词（be有时可用become 或get等代替）

Be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的变化而变化。

3.被动语态的各种时态形式有：

★一般时态：be + 过去分词

English is spoken in many countries.

Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare.

Many believe that one day the earth will be destroyed if people do not learn to live in peace.

★进行时态：be + being + 过去分词

His plan is being carried out successfully.

The new curtains were being hung when the visitors showed up.

The car will be being cleaned by my brother.

★

完成时态：have + been + 过去分词

The outcome of the election was announced before all of the votes had been counted.

Everything will have been done by the end of this month.

1.(2010 湖南) This coastal area _________ a national wildlife reserve last year.

A. was named

B. named

C. is named

D. names

2.(2010 全国1) The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune

____.

A. is made

B. would make

C. was to be made

D. had made

3.(2010 上海) The church tower which _________ will be open to tourists soon. The work is

almost finished.

A. has restored

B. has been restored

C. is restoring

D. is being restored

4.(2010 北京) In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the

words _________.

A. are dropped

B. drop

C. are being dropped

D. have dropped

5.(2010 陕西) It is reported that many a new house _________ at present in the disaster area.

A. are being built

B. were being built

C. was being built

D. is being built

6.(2010 福建) Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money –making jobs

they _________ before they leaving their hometowns.

A. promised

B. were promised

C. have promised

D. have been promised

7.(2010 天津) Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _________ at the culture

show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.

A. are exhibiting

B. is exhibiting

C. are being exhibiting

D. is being exhibiting

8.(2010 四川) You’ve failed to do what you _________ to and I’m afraid the teacher will

blame you.

A. will expect

B. will be expected

C. expected

D. were expected

1.要用到被动语态的情况

1）强调动作的承受者：

Frank was hit by a car.

A new idea has been suggested.

2）说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有必要指出：

This bridge was built in 1700.

The house is being repaired.

3）说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观，避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态：此类通常为表示\"据说\"或\"相信\" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare,

expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成，如：It is said that…

据说；It is reported that… 据报道；It is believed that…大家相信；It is hoped

that…大家希望；It is well known that… 众所周知

It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.

4）动作的执行者为物时，英语中常用被动表达:

The windows were broken by strong window.

5）习惯用法常以被动语态形式出现。

I am determined to take medicine.

2.被动语态特例:①可以接双宾语动词的被动语态

eg. He gave me a prestent yesterday.

↣ I was given a prestent by him yesterday./ A prestent was given to me by him yesterday.

（也就是说间接宾语和直接宾语都可以作为被动结构中的主语。）

②使役动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"：

eg.I often make him clean the blackboard.

→He is oft en made to clean the blackboard by me.

类似用法的词可以概括为:五看三使（室），二听一感觉。即

3.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +过去分词:

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业

需要的电。