2017云师大研究生英语期末考卷A

云南师范大学2017级研究生英语《当代美国》期末考试试卷(一)考试时间：2018年1月2日上午9：00-----11：00A卷PartⅠ Multiple Choices (20%)Section A Please choose the ONE that best fits the blank of each statement1. A university education remain the best path to the American dream, something the ____ supported by founding Harvard UniversityA. PuritansB. BaptistsC. Anglicans2. Jefferson was the first philosopher to place ____, not just right in the people.A. independenceB. constitutionC. sovereignty3. A temperance movement linked poverty with Demon Rum and called for bans on ____.A. alcohol.B. cigaretteC. gun4. In 1890, ______formed Populist Party, the largest agrarian- based political party in US historyA. businessmenB. monopolistsC. farmers5. V oters elected Franklin Delano Roosevelt for ____ times and he ruled a dozen years in the White House.A. twoB. threeC. four6. In 1996, Congress passed ____ to provide guidelines for the protection of certain species.A. ESAB. CAAC. WPCA7 In domestic affairs, Nixon promoted ____ to reduce the role of the national government by returning power to the states.A. New FederalismB. New FrontierC. New Deal8. In 1871, Congress set aside 2.2 million acres to establish the nation’s first national park, _____.A. YosemiteB. YellowstoneC. Everglade9. The largest national park is Gates of the Arctic Park in _____.A. FloridaB. WyomingC. Alaska10. ______ comprise the largest of the 562 American Indian tribes and are among the most traditional groups.A. CherokeesB. QuechansC. NavajosSection B Please choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.11. Americans became more homogenized and seemed to reach a basic consensus about values and culture.A. homogenousB. alienatedC. xenophobicD. dissimilated12. McCarthyism claimed that communists had infiltrated the government.A. penetratedB. filteredC. subvertedD. intruded13. Allegations that the Clintons had received insider treatment in a real estate dealwere coupled with lawsuits charging the President with sexual misconduct.A. ClaimsB. LitigationsC. AccusationsD. Summons14. Any governmental interference hindered progress and hurt society.A. interventionB. interfusionC. involvementD. assistance15. Their members remain poorly educated and impoverishedA. AffluentB. underprivilegedC. unpolishedD. unemployed16.. African Americans are viewed as “Anglos”, an infuriating label for most blacks.A. exasperatingB. intoxicatingC. demoralizingD. encouraging17. Coinciding with Clinton’s presidency, crime rates plunged dramatically.A. soaredB. droppedC. ceasedD. increased18. In 2001, a record drought in Oregon threaten the suckerfish, an inedible species.A. uneatableB. indigestibleC. poisonousD. unpalatable19. The environmental inclination of the directors affects the implementation of Congressional Acts.A. concentrationB. operationC. expectationD. estimation20. Eisenhower calmed fears by denouncing McCarthy and encouraging economic growth.A. condemningB. deploringC. betrayingD. advocatingPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40%)Please read the following two passages and answer the question below.Passage 1African Americans as a group do not share the common defining experience of voluntary immigration to the United States which most other Americans share; instead, their ancestors were kidnapped or sold into slavery and forced to adapt to a country with established racial hierarchies. This substantial difference still affects race relations as other racial and ethnic groups ¬other assimilated citizens —feel themselves more authentically American because of the original intent of their ancestors to make a new and better life for themselves from the one they were leaving behind. It is important to remember that the United States had no feudal past and thus no established peasantry. For African Americans, the continent of origin, slavery and its confrontation with America's stated moral vision, and the long-standing status as the nation's central minority set them apart. For many African Americans, who believe that each new immigrant group succeeds only at their expense, the recent surge in immigration hampers the efforts toward equal citizenship.After decades of struggle, the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s mobilized the African American community in line with the actions and words of leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr. ("Agitate, Litigate, Legislate!") and Malcolm X ("By any means necessary!"). While still facing discrimination by private individuals, in job promotions, and by financial institutions, much has changed as blacks have succeeded in wiping away all rules and regulations that denied equality before the law. Much of the split in American society is now as much a function of class as race, with a large portion of African Americans still, using King's words, "wrapped in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society" (King,1963:81).In the contemporary United States, 34 million people identity themselves as African Americans. Being African American is more than visual as blacks define themselves as much by self choice and societal definition as by ancestry. Social definitions count. For example, historian Barbara Fields has explained that American society "considers a white woman capable of giving birth to a black child but denies that a black woman can give birth to a white child" (Fields, 1982: 149). Another example: Haitians have defined anyone with one part of white blood as "white," which is just the opposite of the long-standing American insistence that one drop of black blood made a person "black" (Fields, 1982: 146).1.According to Paragraph 1, African Americans are different from other Americans.Why? (5%)2.In Paragraph 2, it was mentioned that "wrapped in an airtight cage of poverty inthe midst of an affluent society". What does it mean?3.the long-standing American insistence that one drop of black blood made a person"black." How do you understand it ? (10%)Passage 2For many Americans, the 1920s was an era of prosperity. The period has been described variously as: the "Jazz Age," the "Roaring Twenties," or the "Era of The Lost Generation." It was a hedonistic age marked by the pursuit of pleasure, pushed along by the rise of advertising and radio, stimulated by the writings of Sigmund Freud and F. Scott Fitzgerald, and changed by a revolution in manners and morals, movies, automobiles, and a "me generation" that stressed a live-for-today attitude. Aviator Charles "Lucky" Lindbergh thrilled everyone when, as a young man in the most technologically advanced machine yet made, an airplane, he made a solo flight from New York to Paris, circling the Eiffel Tower and landing victoriously among 100,000 Frenchmen. Young women - "flappers" - threw off the Victorian fashions, cut their hair short, and reached for rayon stockings, silk panties, makeup, short dresses, a dance partner, a cigarette, and a beer. They sought "youth" and drank, even though the 18th Amendment (1919) prohibited the "manufacture, sale, or transporting of intoxicating liquors" anywhere in the United States. People flouted the law and bought from bootleggers - increasingly gangs of organized mobsters such as Chicago's Al Capone and his 1,000-man army of machine-gun-carrying thugs -until the 21st Amendment (1933) recognized the inevitable and nullified Prohibition. Perhaps more than any single individual, efficiency expert Frederick W. Taylor, the spirit behind Henry Ford's automobile assembly lines, symbolized the 1920s. Manufacturing speed, standardized packaging, and a belief that there was only "one best way" led writer John Dos Passos to call the innovator "Speedy Fred," the man who died "with a watch in his hand" (Dos Passos, . In 1907, an automobile cost over $2,000; Taylor's methods reduced the costs to $300 in 1924. American males — and a few liberated females —bought their dream machines on credit. Cars changed American patterns of mobility, settlement, and leisure time.1. What is the meaning of "me generation"? (5%)2.Why did Frederick W. Taylor die "with a watch in his hand"? (5%)3. the 1920s was labeled as the "Jazz Age," the "Roaring Twenties," or the "Era of The Lost Generation." Please give your explanation and understanding (10%)Part Ⅲ Translation (20%)Please translate the following the paragraph into ChineseBy 1994, the Clintons had caused enough of a backlash to elect a Republican majority in the House and Senate for the first time since the 1950s. House Republicans, led by Speaker Newt Gingrich, pushed a "Contract With America" which would offer tax cuts, put term limits on politicians, expand the death penalty, restrict welfare, and pass a constitutional Amendment to balance the budget. The Senate refused to agree to the Contract and the President vetoed the Republican budget proposal because it sliced Medicare payments, reduced environmental protection, and cut taxes too much. Because Congress has the constitutional power over the government's purse, without an approved budget there is no money. Twice, in efforts to force Clinton to sign the budget, Gingrich allowed the government to shut down, delaying all payroll checks to civil-service employees, the military, and politicians. Gingrich miscalculated as the public supported the President and blamed Congress.Part Ⅳ Question and Answer (20%)Please answer the following question based on your understanding to it.1.The Frontier Thesis or Turner Thesis, is the argument advanced by historianFrederick Jackson Turner in 1893 that American democracy was formed by the American frontier. Turner inscribed the frontier as the crucible where the individualism and acquisitiveness originated. How do you understand it? (10%) 2.“For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of allpeople are upon us.” These were the words of pilgrim John Winthrop nearly 400 years ago. Since that time, America has been the product of that vision, welcoming those who have yearned for freedom. What does the saying " a city upon a hill" mean? And how do you understand it? (10%)。