设计类外文翻译

毕业设计（论文）

——外文翻译

题目户外炊具设计

专业工业设计

班级设 083

学生刘盼

指导教师白晓波

2012年

Cooking Meals With the Sun for Fuel

Preface：

Millions of people around the world cook their food over a smoky fire every day. It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun.

Solar cookers, or ovens, have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made the first solar oven in seventeen sixty-seven. Today, people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world. People use solar ovens to cook food and to heat drinking water to kill bacteria and other harmful organisms.

Keyword：solar history classification health and safety

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Chapter 1 History of solar cooking

An odd antecedent of the current solar cooking movement is the story of what Buti and Perlin call "the burning mirror" . Greeks, Romans, and Chinese all explored the use of curved mirrors, which they found could concentrate the sun's rays in manner that would cause nearly any object to explode in flames. Interestingly, the use they perceived for this device was military - could they focus the burning mirror, as example, on an enemy warship? Burning mirrors were also used for less venal purposes, such as lighting altar fires and torches for sacrificial parades, but almost no other applied use was found. The idea, now seen in concentrating solar cookers, is in use in many parts of the world today.

The principle of the greenhouse, the so-called "solar heat trap", was further utilized in what is thought of as the very first attempt to use solar energy to cook. Many scientists of the era, and laypersons as well, knew about the use of glass to trap heat, but Horace de Saussure, a French-Swiss scientist, wondered why that commonly understood phenomenon

had not led to additional applied use. In 1767, he built a miniature greenhouse with five glass boxes* one inside the other, set on a black tabletop. Fruit placed in the innermost box cooked nicely - and a new technology was born . De Saussure continued his experimentation, using other materials, adding insulation, cooking at different altitudes, etc. This European scientist, exploring solar energy nearly 250 years ago, is widely considered to be the father of today's solar cooking movement. Others followed his lead, including the Briton, Sir John Herschel, and American Samuel Pierpont Langley, later head of the Smithsonian, both of whom conducted experiments with the hot box, the forerunner of today's box cooker, probably still the most common design in use.

A French mathematician named Augustin Mouchot, working almost a century later, was eager to ensure that the learning of the past not be lost. He was more interested in practical application than in the number of interesting but not very useful solar devices which were appearing, using the newly discovered potential of the sun (whistles, water movers, talking statues, etc.). He began a search to use the sun's energy efficiently enough to boil water for steam engines, a venture that was not successful. His second project was more successful; he combined the heat trap idea with that of the burning mirror, creating an efficient solar oven from an insulated box, which when further modified by adding reflecting mirrors, even became a solar still. Eventually, he did create an effective steam engine, but it was too large to be practical; he turned back then to the cooking challenge and developed a number of solar ovens, stills, pumps, and even electricity.

Late in the 19th century, other pioneers in the development of solar thermal (heat generating) technologies include Aubrey Eneas, an American who followed up on the work of Mouchot and formed the first solar power company, building a giant parabolic reflector in the southwest USA. Frank Shuman formed the Sun Power Company in Cairo to promote a solar driven water pumping system, and later a parabolic concentrator generating electricity. Other solar innovations have followed: motors and engines, hot water heaters, photovoltaic lighting, even crematoria. But throughout history, as in Greece and Rome and the Mouchot story, progress has