形容词、副词、介词(讲义)

形容词、副词、介词（讲义）

【知识点睛】

一、形容词

________________________________________________

⎧⎪

⎪⎪⎪

⎧⎪

⎪⎪

⎨⎪

⎨⎪⎩⎪

⎪⎧⎪⎪

⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩⎪

⎪⎩

定义：说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态， 常用来修饰名词或不定代词。排序：作功能作形容词作原级比较等级比较级最高级

含有形容词的固定短语

重点1：形容词比较等级

重点2：ing 形容词和ed 形容词 surprising

interesting exciting pleasing frightening

surprised interested excited pleased frightened

令人感动的：______________________

(令人)疲倦的：_________________________

有极大吸引力的；迷人的：________________________

ing形容词：

表主动意义，多指事物(人)对人的影响，一般修饰物

ed形容词：

表被动意义，多为人的感受，一般修饰人

难点1：形容词比较级别的转换(句子转换)

Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.

______________________ in his class.

______________________ in his class.

= Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.

any of the other students in his class.

the rest of the students in his class.

= No one is as tall as Li Lei in his class.

= No one is taller than Li Lei in his class.

难点2：多个形容词的排序问题(了解)

口诀：限观形龄颜国材（县官行令宴国才）

规则：

1.限定词，包括冠词、指示代词、形物代、名词所有格、数词

2.(观点)描绘性形容词，如beautiful，fine，interesting等

3.表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词，如tall, high, small, little, round等

4.表示年龄、新旧的形容词，如young, old, new等

5.表示颜色的形容词，如black, white, blue等

6.表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词

7.表示构成材料的形容词

e.g. 两个圆形蓝色塑料盘：_______________________________

两张新的中国式木制大圆桌：_____________________________

二、副词

难点1：兼有两种形式的副词

close ___________ He is sitting close to me.

closely ___________ Watch him closely.

late ___________ You have come too late.

lately ___________ What have you been doing lately? deep ___________ He pushed the stick deep into the mud. deeply ___________ I was deeply moved by the moving film. high ___________ The plane was flying high.

highly ___________ I think highly of your opinion.

wide ___________ He opened the door wide.

widely ___________ English is widely used in the world. free ___________ You can eat free in my restaurant. freely ___________ You may speak freely; say what you like.

三、介词及介词短语

（一）重点介词辨析

1.

一般特殊

at + 时间点at noon/night/dawn

on + 日期/星期具体的某天早上中午晚上

in + 世纪，年代，年，

季节，月

in the

morning/evening/afternoon

2.方位介词in, on, to

A B

B A

B A

________ ________ ________

3.地点介词in___________, at__________, on____________

4.方位介词两“中间”

among between

5.方位介词两前两后

6.方位介词两“通过”

across through

7.方位介词三上三下

8.方式介词：with, without, by, but, except, besides, except for等

（二）to作为介词时的常考短语

look forward to ________ (do) sth.

pay attention to ________ (do) sth.

devote oneself to ________ (do) sth.

be/become/get used to ________ (do) sth.

make a contribution to ________ (do) sth.

prefer doing to ________ (do) sth.

（三）动介短语VS 动副短语

动副短语中代词作宾语时必须放在动词后副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词的前后均可。

初中常考动（副）介短语

到达：arrive _______ 闯入：break ________ 担心：worry ________

请求；要求：ask ________ 和……意见一致：agree ______

拜访；访问：call _______ 担心；关心：care _______