定语从句讲解与练习

高中英语定语从句详解

仔细观察下列句子, 并注意划线部分的用法。

1. That’s all that I know.

2. Anyone who was late this morning should be responsible for this accident.

3. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.

4. What do you think of the photos that/ which I took in the park

5. They talked about the people and things that they remembered in the old days.Ⅰ. 概念：

(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作______的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用：

1)代替先行词;

2)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

3)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

常用的关系代词: that, which, who, whom, as, whose

常用的关系副词: when, why, where

⑴ who, that, _____ 作主语；

⑵ who, whom, which, ____作宾语和表语；

⑶ ______作定语。

注意：当关系代词作 ____语时常常可省略, 而作 ____语时则不能省略。

The student who answered the question was John.

I know the reason why he was so angry.

The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：

1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now

2. You can take anything ( that) you like.

3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about

4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.

●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：

1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.

2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.

3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.

●who, whom, whose:

who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人

whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人

whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

1. I like the students who/that work hard.

2. All who heard the story were amazed.

3. He's a man from whom we should learn.

= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.

5. I'd like a room whose window faces south.

=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.

=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.

关系代词作介词宾语：（介词+ whom / which）

关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。）

is the book for which you asked.

=This is the book (that/which) you asked for.

2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands

= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with

3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week

4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week

5. This is the girl whom they are looking after.

(介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)

●as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)

①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。如：

1. I have the same book as you (have).

2. .---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now

--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.

3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.

比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.

I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.

比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.

②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）

we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health .

=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health .

=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .