句法翻译技巧、从句、长句(学生用)
英语长句的翻译基本技巧和方法
英语长句的翻译基本技巧和方法英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念，而汉语则不同，常常使用若干短句作层次分明的叙述。
因此，在进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解翻译成汉语的短句。
在英语长句的翻译过程中，归纳出以下的一些方法。
(1) 顺序法当英语长句的内容叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文表达的层次顺序翻译成汉语，从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。
例如：But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their "expectation of life", the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.（84年考题）分析：该句的骨干结构为"It is realized that ..."，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to ...结构，其中，不定式作主语，the time ...是"expectation of life"的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。
五个谓语结构表达了四个层次的意义：A. 可是现在人们意识到；B. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的；C. 人们甚至还可以比较合理地估计出这些矿物质"可望存在多少年"；D. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。
根据同位语从句的翻译方法，把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就翻译为：可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质"可望存在多少年"，也就是说，经过若干年后，这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。
英语定语从句的翻译(学生)
英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译（一）前置法1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。
2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.没有年纪相仿的玩伴陪伴的儿童最好就是去幼儿园。
（二）后置法A．重复关系代词所代替的先行词1）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为理想而奋斗，这个理想关系到每个中国人的心。
过去，许多中国人为之而牺牲。
2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.每队每个季节玩10~11个游戏，游戏从9月开始，11月结束。
B．省略关系代词，把定语从句译成并列谓语3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.C．把关系代词译成人称代词5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.（三）融合法1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
英语长句翻译实用技巧
英语长句翻译实用技巧十翻译技巧10 长句翻译嵌切拆插（一）英译汉长句翻译的基本步骤英译汉长句翻译的关键在于两点：一是对原文的准确理解，二是恰如其分的表达。
对原文的理解一般包括这样几个方面：①原作者的意旨；②作者的论点及它们之间的逻辑关系；③句与句之间的语法关系；④各个修饰成分之间的关系。
除了准确理解原文之外，译文的成功与否很大程度上取决于译者对母语的驾驭能力以及对翻译技巧的灵活运用。
英译汉的长句处理一般可分为理解和表达两个阶段及5个具体的处理步骤。
理解阶段可分为3个步骤：①扼要拟出全句的主要轮廓；②辨清该句的主从结构，并根据上下文领会全句的要旨；③将长句按表达的需要划分成若干部分，把握每部分的要点。
表达阶段可分为两个步骤进行：①逐一翻译划开的每一部分；②对译文进行调整、组合，然后检查、修改、润色。
我们看看下面一例长句的处理过程：英语原文：It is nothing else than impurities prenatally inherent in ore that seriously affect the quality of the latter，which is formed as a result of geological vicissitudes including diastrophic movement，eruption of volcano，sedimentation，glaciation and weathering etc.，under the action of which pyrogenic rocks，volcanic complex，aqueous rocks，sedimentary rocks etc.，come into being，some of which exist in a stage of symiosis，the main cause of the absence of pure rocks in nature，wherein lies the reason for the need of separation technology and apparatus，namely，ore-dressing devices and equipment，（which has been）so far impotent to meet the requirements of metallurgical industry the scientists make every endeavor to elevate to a new high by laser separation.第一、理解阶段第一步，扼要拟出全句的轮廓框架，其主体结构为两个并列复合句：It is nothing else than impurities... that seriously affect the quality of the latter，（不是别的，正是杂质严重影响了后者的质量……）wherein lies the reason for the need of separation technology and apparatus（因此存在需要分离技术与器械的理由）第二步，辨清该长句的主从结构，并根据上下文和全句内容领会其要旨：It is nothing else than impurities... that seriously affect the quality of...，which is formed as...，under the action of which... rocks... etc．，come into being...，some of which exist in...，wherein lies the reason for the need of...，（which have been）so far impotent to meet the requirements of...第三步，将长句按表达的需要划分成若干部分，把握每部分的要点：1）Impurities prenatally inherent in ore seriously affect its quality.（矿石中的天然杂质影响了矿石的质量。
英汉句法翻译(分句、合句与长句)
3.1 分句译法
• 分句译法又称之“拆句法”。就是把英语中较长的句 子译成汉语中较短的句子。
• 从结构上看：英语的句子好比参天大树，枝叶横生； 而汉语的句子则如万顷碧波，层层推进。
• 在下列两种情况下宜于使用分句法： • （1） 原文句子虽不长，但照直译时所得的译文很别
扭，不拆便读不 顺口或容易发生误解。一般将一些单 词或短语译成独立的句子。 • （2） 原文句子冗长，特别是那些曲折迂回，层见跌 出的一大串文字。一般将从句分译成汉语的单句。
• 4. He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
• 他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸 上露出了愤怒的神色。
3.1.2 将词组或短语译成汉语的句子
• 1.I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
• 由于受到顽强抵抗，吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领要地的敌人甚 至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。
指代它，与主句的其他 成分连句成文。
got to know the real people of Egypt.
• 英国人在埃及呆了那么多
年，却从来没有真正了解
埃及人，这是异乎寻常的。
4. It’s quite probable that he is gone.（他已经走了，有那一是条很举可世能的公。）
3.3.1 切断法（顺序法）
• 所谓切断法，就是按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”， 按意群将长句断开译成若干汉语分句。如：
英语长难句分析英语长句结构分析及翻译实例
英语长难句分析英语长句结构分析及翻译实例英语长句分析和翻译实例是对英语长句的结构和翻译方法进行探讨和示范。
英语长句通常由多个从句和状语从句组成，其结构复杂、语法层次丰富。
以下是一些常见的英语长句结构和翻译实例：
1.主从复合句结构：
-原句结构：主句+从句
- 翻译实例：I will go to the movie theater tonight, if I finish my homework.（如果我完成作业，我今晚会去电影院）
2.并列句结构：
-原句结构：句子1，连词，句子2
- 翻译实例：He studied hard for the exam, but he still failed.（他为了考试努力学习，但仍然没通过）
3.倒装句结构：
-原句结构：完全倒装句型，谓语在主语前
- 翻译实例：Only when the rain stopped did we go outside.（只有等雨停下来我们才出去）
4.强调句结构：
- 原句结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分
- 翻译实例：It was Tom who broke the vase.（正是汤姆打碎了花瓶）
对于长句的翻译，可以采取以下方法：
-分割长句，将从句、状语从句分别翻译，再进行合并。
-对英语长句进行拆分，将其翻译为多个简洁且清晰的句子。
-确保翻译的流畅性和准确性，同时要注意语序的变化。
总之，对于英语长句的结构分析和翻译实例，重要的是理解其语法结构、使用正确的连词、灵活运用翻译策略，并保持翻译的准确和自然。
汉译英长句的翻译方法
汉译英长句的翻译方法将汉语长句翻译成英语时，可以采用以下几种方法：1.分割句子：将长句分割成较短的句子，每个句子表达一个完整的思想，并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词或标点符号来连接这些句子。
例句：我昨天去了图书馆，借了一本关于历史的书，然后在图书馆里看了两个小时。
英文翻译：I went to the library yesterday and borrowed a book about history. Then, I spent two hours reading it in the library.2. 使用从句：将长句中的一部分转换为从句，并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词（如that, which, who, when, where等）引导从句。
例句：她告诉我她去年参加了一个很有意思的会议，这个会议是在纽约市举行的。
英文翻译：She told me that she attended an interesting conference last year, which was held in New York City.3. 使用定语从句：将长句中作为修饰的部分转换为定语从句，并在英语翻译中使用适当的关系代词（如that, which, who, whom等）引导定语从句。
例句：我喜欢那个戴眼镜的男孩，他总是很友好。
英文翻译：I like the boy who wears glasses; he is always friendly.4.利用省略：可以在英语翻译中省略一些不重要或重复的信息，使句子更清晰和简洁。
例句：我昨天和朋友一起去了看电影，然后吃了晚饭。
英文翻译：I went to watch a movie with my friends yesterday and had dinner afterwards.以上是一些常用的翻译方法，根据具体语境和句子结构的复杂程度，可以选择适合的方法进行翻译。
高中英语考试长难句语法解析与翻译
1. 首先寻找连词：连词包含并列连词，从属连词和关系词，并且依据连词将长句划分成短句；2. 依据五大句型基本结构，判断短句的句子成分。
注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词（现在分词，动名词，过去分词，不定式），明确句子的谓语动词，剥离定语，状语，从而确定句子的基本结构。
第1句时间状语从句，定语从句1. When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.长句分析：(1) When 引导的是时间状语从句;(2) He had seen: 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语，因此省略了关系代词that。
注意：先行词为不定代词everything时，关系代词不可使用Which；(3) To the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语；(4) Describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向某人描述某物;长句翻译: 当他回来时，这个男孩能向老人描述他所看到的一切。
第2句目的状语从句，宾语从句2. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.长句分析：(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句，so 前面的句子是主句，that 后面的句子是目的状语从句；(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语，it 是指示代词，指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do的宾语；(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法；长句翻译：机器人必须有一个特定的方式来接收程序，这样它才能知道它要做什么。
定语从句与长句的翻译
Try to translate: Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. ［译文］行为主义者的看法是：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物又能够发展其适应反应能力的话，那么这个儿童在智力方面将会得到更大的发展。
诚实的人最聪明。
发光的不都是金子。
供给避难所
定语从句
Try to translate: He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
05
我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志。
单击此处添加大标题内容
余额
Try to translate: As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her, which made her stop dead. 走到拐弯处，她突然想到了一个新主意，立刻停了下来。 In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention. 在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。 She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere. 她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。
四级翻译长难句解析与翻译技巧
四级翻译长难句解析与翻译技巧翻译长难句一直是英语学习者面临的挑战之一。
这些句子通常包含复杂的结构、长串的修饰语和难以捉摸的语法规则。
然而，通过一些技巧和策略，我们可以更好地应对这些句子的翻译，保持准确性和流畅性。
本文将介绍一些常见的长难句结构，并提供一些翻译技巧以解析和翻译这些句子。
一、定语从句定语从句是一个常见的长难句结构，它用于对名词进行修饰。
在翻译定语从句时，我们需要把握好从句与主句之间的关系，并确保翻译准确和连贯。
以下是一些处理定语从句的技巧：1. 引导词的选择：在翻译定语从句时，我们需要根据语境和句意来选择合适的引导词。
例如，如果从句指代的是人，我们可以使用“who”或“that”，而如果指代的是物，则可以使用“which”或“that”。
例句1: The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.翻译: 我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
例句2: The man who/that is sitting over there is my uncle.翻译: 那个坐在那边的人是我的叔叔。
2. 关系代词的省略：在定语从句中，关系代词常常可以省略，这在英语中是常见的现象，但在翻译时需要注意补充。
例句1: The car (which/that) I bought last week broke down.翻译：我上周买的那辆车出了故障。
例句2: The girl (who/that) I met at the party is a doctor.翻译：我在派对上遇到的那个女孩是一名医生。
二、倒装句倒装句是英语中常见的句子结构之一，它与正常的主语-谓语-宾语结构不同，而是将谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前。
处理倒装句的翻译时，以下是一些建议：1. 注意句子结构：在翻译倒装句时，我们一定要注意句子的结构和语序。
对于部分倒装，可以通过调整句子结构来适应目标语言的语序。
英语长句的翻译技巧
英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子，很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。
那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技，希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连，跟汉语相近的长句时，按原句的自然顺序进行翻译，并根据具体情况，适当增加或省略有关的连接词。
例如：例一：Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明，演说过于拖沓，演说者在某一点上讲的太多，或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。
例二：But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。
PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反，要从英语原文的后面译起，自下而上，颠倒次序进行翻译。
一般来说，英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多，所以在翻译实践中，倒译通常要多于顺译。
例一：It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长，那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求，尚不得而知。
英语长句的翻译方法
英语长句的翻译方法长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last generation or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
（2）Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if studentsare not to waste theiropportuniti es,there will have tobe much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
（2）Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
英汉句法翻译(分句合句与长句)课件
随着全球化的加速和跨文化交流的增加，英汉句 法翻译的需求将进一步增加，推动翻译行业的不 断发展。
翻译标准的完善
随着翻译实践的深入和理论研究的丰富，英汉句 法翻译的标准和规范将不断完善，提高翻译的质 量和水平。
THANK YOU
感谢各位观看
分句的翻译技巧
01
02
03
直译与意译
根据分句的具体含义和语 境，选择合适的翻译方法 ，直译保留原文形式，意 译注重原文意思的传达。
增译与减译
根据中文表达习惯，对分 句进行适当的增译或减译 ，增补必要的成分，删除 冗余部分。
语态转换
注意英汉两种语言的语态 差异，正确处理分句中的 被动语态，转换为中文的 主动语态或被动语态。
表达不自然
在翻译长句时，可能会因为追求形式上的对等而忽略了语 言的自然流畅。解决方案是注重译文的自然表达，适当调 整语序和结构，使译文更加通顺易懂。
05
英汉句法翻译实践
常见分句合句与长句的翻译实例
分句合句技巧
将英语中的长句拆分成几个短句，再根据中文的表达习惯重 新组合，使译文更加流畅自然。例如，将“He not only finished his homework, but also cleaned the room.”拆 分为“他不仅完成了作业，还打扫了房间。”
英汉句法翻译(分句合句与长句) 课件
目录
• 英汉句法对比 • 英汉分句翻译 • 英汉合句翻译 • 英汉长句翻译 • 英汉句法翻译实践
01
英汉句法对比
句子结构对比
01
英语句子结构以主语+谓语为核 心，强调形式上的主谓一致和完 整的句子结构。
02
汉语句子结构则更加灵活，主语 和谓语之间不一定有严格的一致 性，且常使用无主语句。
英语长句翻译的技巧
英语长句翻译的技巧一、顺序法I think he realized discomfort, for he leant forward in his chair and spoke to me, his voice gentle, asking if I would have some more coffee, and when I shook my head I felt that his eyes were still upon me, puzzled.我认为他意识到了我的不安，因为他坐在椅子上倾过身来对我说话，温文尔雅的问我要不要来电咖啡，而且当我摇了摇头时，我感觉到他的一双眼睛依旧困惑不解的盯着我看。
二、逆序法Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.许多人经常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, who boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, have not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the still resistance that gets in the way.由于受到顽强抵抗，吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带，这一事实使我加强了信心。
三、分译法The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a side spread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于头一天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。
英语翻译的技巧及注意事项
英语翻译的技巧及注意事项英语翻译必备的技巧及注意事项我们在做英语翻译题型的时候，是必须要知道一些简单有效的技巧以及要注意的重要事项的。
下面就让店铺给大家分享英语翻译必备的几个技巧以及注意事项吧，希望能对你有帮助!英语翻译的7大技巧一、增词在段落翻译时，为了能充分的表达原文含义，以求达意，翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。
例如：虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
译文为： Modesty helps one to go forward， whereas conceit makes one lag behind.其中间加上了增连词whereas，以使英语的句子表达更加有逻辑性。
二、减词考生要明白，英语的表达倾向简洁，汉语比较喜欢重复，重复作为汉语的一种修辞手法，在某种场合下，重复的表达一个意思，是为了强调，加强语气。
汉语中为了有更强的节奏感和押韵，也经常会出现排比句。
考生在翻译这些句子时，为了符合英文表达的逻辑，就要有所删减或省略。
例如：这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧!译文为：Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring，which is one of the revolution， of the people， and of science.以上的汉语是比较重复的排比句，汉译英时考生要遵守英语的逻辑表达，加上定语从句来翻译，这样英文句子读起来也朗朗上口。
三、词类转换英语语言的一个很重要的特点，就是词类变形和词性转换，尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。
例如：她的书给我们的印象很深。
译文为：Her book impressed us deeply.在此翻译中汉语中的名词印象转化成英语中的动词impress。
四、语态转换语态分为被动语态和主动语态，汉语中主动语态使用率较高，英语中被动语态的使用率较高。
英语长句的翻译技巧(部分)
Next door, a larger-than-expected audience of 300 attended the Fifteenth International Conference on Environment Protection. （词组拆译）
我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛 情款待，中国人民以这种热情好客而闻名于世。
处理英语长句的翻译技巧
（三）倒置法
倒置法是指在某种程度上将原文分段为若干个短 小的句子，然后按照汉语逻辑与习惯表达的方式重新 进行安排，这样原文的语序有全部或局部的变换，甚 至译文各分句的顺序有可能与原文恰恰相反。
从我第一次入住他们家开始，里德太太一家人就一直对我很关心， 我们像是友好的邻居，又像是相识多年的老朋友那样，书信来往 始终未断。
This land, which once barred the way of weary travelers, now has become a land for winter and summer vacations, a land of magic and wonder.（从句拆译）
隔壁大厅里，参加“第十五届国际环境保护大会”的人数竟达 300名之多，这真是出乎意料。
On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.（从句拆译）
语法句式与翻译技巧
语法句式与翻译技巧主题：语法句式与翻译技巧导语：语法句式和翻译技巧对于学习一门外语来说是非常重要的。
它们不仅可以帮助我们准确地表达自己的意思，还能够提高我们的翻译能力。
通过本节课的学习，我们将学习一些常用的语法句式，并学习如何运用这些句式进行翻译。
一、复合句复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，通过连接词或连接词组来连接。
通常从句可以分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
下面我们来学习一下如何翻译复合句。
1. 名词性从句名词性从句在句子中充当名词的作用，可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
翻译时一般采用“that”引导的从句。
例句：I believe that he will pass the exam.我相信他会通过考试。
2. 定语从句定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，说明其具体的内容、特征等。
翻译时可以用“which/that/who”引导的从句。
例句：The book that I am reading is very interesting.我正在读的那本书非常有趣。
3. 状语从句状语从句用来修饰整个句子，表达时间、条件、原因、目的等。
翻译时根据从句的具体内容使用相应的连词。
例句：I will go to the party if I have time.如果我有时间，我会去参加派对。
二、虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种表示虚拟或不确切的语气形式。
它通常用于条件句、愿望句和建议句中，以表达一种假设、猜测或非事实的情况。
下面我们来学习一下如何翻译虚拟语气。
1. 条件句条件句分为三种类型：与现在事实相反的条件句、与过去事实相反的条件句和与将来事实相反的条件句。
翻译时可以根据从句的具体内容使用相应的虚拟语气形式。
例句：If I were you, I would take this opportunity.如果我是你，我会抓住这个机会。
2. 愿望句愿望句用来表达对现在或将来情况的希望或愿望。
翻译时可以使用“希望/但愿/要是…就好了”等表达。
英语长句的翻译方法
长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last generation or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
（2）Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if studentsare not to waste theiropportuniti es,there will have tobe much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
（2）Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
英语中长句的翻译技巧
英语中长句的翻译技巧英语中长句的翻译技巧1. 何谓长句所谓长句，主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句，亦可指含义较多的简单句。
2、汉英长句比较英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。
汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。
英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。
多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。
因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。
3、英语长句的分析在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语（主干/句）, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等成分。
例：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his orher capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
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句法翻译技巧
I.换序译法
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.
II.断句译法
After the war, one of his friend got him a job as an instructor in an army training school that paid 10,000 dollars a year.
III.转句译法
1. I tried vainly to put the pieces together.
2.The ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain how a rainbow is formed.
3. I’m surprised to learn that he lost the game.
IV.合句译法
The young man was very miserable.
He had no money about him.
All his savings had been stolen.
V.缩句译法
She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.
VI.转态译法
汉语的两种被动式：
一．有标志的被动式
1）让、给、叫、由、被、受、挨、遭受
2）为…所、被…所
3）是…的
4）在…中
二．没有标志的被动式（票卖完了）
1.More factories will be built in our city.（无标志被动式）
2.These machines are operated by one worker only.（有标志被动式）
3.The whole world was felt to shake.（无主句）
4.The workers were seen repairing machines.（增加适当的主语）
5.This workshop has been mechanized by us.（主谓谓语句）
6.The latest developments in nano science are discussed in this book.（将句
中一部分译成汉语主语）
7.The world’s first personal computer was assembled in a garage by two
young Americans.（译为“是…的”结构）
8. In the end an agreement was reached. （无主句）
9. Other forms of energy can be changed to electric energy by generators.
（主谓谓语句）
从句和长句的译法
I.主语从句
1.It’s extraordinary that in all the years the British spent in Egypt they never
got to know the real people of Egypt.
2.It is a fact that the United States has sent its fleet to all parts of the world. II.同位语从句
1.We know the fact that bodies possess weight.(放名词前)
2.He is surprised to read the news in the newspaper that his father should be
still alive.
III.定语从句
1．译成定语
2．分句译法
He gave me a book which I kept to this day.
3．压缩溶合法
There has never been a man around me who wrote so many memos.
4. 重复译法
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every
Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their
lives.
5. 转译法（状语化译法）
1）He didn’t remember his father who died when he was 3 years old.
2）He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.
3）Mrs. Smith, who has been married to her husband for nearly 20 years, still doesn’t know him very well.
4）A driver mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded who is driving the bus.
5）Frozen food which is not kept properly will also go bad.
IV. 长句的译法
1.If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you
will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy
City”.
2.Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often
willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar
workers.
3.The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten: by
the river and the pond, on the hill and in the valley.
4. A friendly correspondence as neighbors and old acquaintances had
continued between me and Mrs. Read’s family, who all had a regard for
me from the time of my first lodging in their house.。